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  • Bioavailability/Bioequivalence: I. Routes of Drug Administration and Dosage Forms

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    This document provides an overview of routes of drug administration and dosage forms. It discusses the reasons for various routes and forms, including targeting local or systemic effects, treatment duration, and drug stability. It then describes several common routes and their advantages and disadvantages: oral (tablets, capsules), rectal (suppositories), parenteral (subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous injections), and topical/epicutaneous. For each route, it lists feasible dosage forms and notes factors like absorption fraction, bioavailability, and bypassing first-pass metabolism. The document aims to explain why different administration routes and dosage forms are suitable for different drug properties and treatment needs.

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    Lesson 10 1

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    This document provides an overview of routes of drug administration and dosage forms. It discusses the reasons for various routes and forms, including targeting local or systemic effects, treatment duration, and drug stability. It then describes several common routes and their advantages and disadvantages: oral (tablets, capsules), rectal (suppositories), parenteral (subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous injections), and topical/epicutaneous. For each route, it lists feasible dosage forms and notes factors like absorption fraction, bioavailability, and bypassing first-pass metabolism. The document aims to explain why different administration routes and dosage forms are suitable for different drug properties and treatment needs.

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    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    32 views2 pages

    Bioavailability/Bioequivalence: I. Routes of Drug Administration and Dosage Forms

    Uploaded by

    ang3lwings
    This document provides an overview of routes of drug administration and dosage forms. It discusses the reasons for various routes and forms, including targeting local or systemic effects, treatment duration, and drug stability. It then describes several common routes and their advantages and disadvantages: oral (tablets, capsules), rectal (suppositories), parenteral (subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous injections), and topical/epicutaneous. For each route, it lists feasible dosage forms and notes factors like absorption fraction, bioavailability, and bypassing first-pass metabolism. The document aims to explain why different administration routes and dosage forms are suitable for different drug properties and treatment needs.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Pharmaceutics I Lesson Ten

    Dr. Jun Shao

    Lesson Ten I. Routes of Drug Administration and Dosage Forms A. Reasons for various routes and dosage forms Local: direct application of drug to desired site of action. Systemic: result from the entrance of the drug into the circulatory system and transport to the cellular site of its action. Long-term or short-term treatment Time allowed to exert effects Physical description! si"e! crystalline structure! melting point! solu#ility$%chemical structure!form!reactivity$ &iologic properties: relate to its a#ility to get to a site of action and elicit a #iologic su#stance 'rug Sta#ility in different routes Bioavailability/Bioequivalence &ioavaila#ility: The rate and extent of a drug #eing a#sor#ed and availa#le to the site of action. &ioe(uivalence: The comparison of #ioavaila#ilities of the same drug from different products. Pharmaceutical )(uivalent: drug products that contain identical amounts of the identical active drug ingredient! that is! the same salt or ester of the same therapeutic moiety! in identical dosage forms #ut not necessarily containing the same inactive Pharmaceutical Alternative: drug products the contain the identical therapeutic moiety%precursor #ut not the same amount! dosage form! or same salt%ester &ioe(uivalent 'rug Products: pharmaceutical e(uivalents or alternatives whose rate and extent of a#sorption do not show a significant difference when administered at the same dose A. *ral Route a. &ioavaila#le +raction f$ : may #e calculated #y comparison of the A,- after oral administration with that o#tained after intravenous administration + . A,-$oral% A,-$intravenous . A#sorption +raction x /- +$ +: +irst-pass meta#olism fraction #. Advantages%'isadvantages: safest! #ut slow drug response! chance of irregular a#sorption! destruction #y 01 en"ymes c. Possi#le dosage forms: ta#lets! capsules! suspensions! &. Rectal Route a. Advantages%'isadvantages: can a#sor# many solu#le drugs. Preferred for drugs destroyed%inactivated #y stomach environment. Also preferred when patient vomiting%unconscious. 2345 of drug a#sor#ed rectally #ypasses the liver. 6ay #e inconvenient%offensive. A#sorption irregular%difficult to predict #. +easi#le dosage forms: solutions! suppositories! ointments &. Parenteral Route a. Advantages%'isadvantages: rapid a#sorption emergencies$! #lood levels more predicta#le! unconscious patients. 'ifficult to remove drug after administration #. +easi#le dosage forms: done outside of intestine! in7ected through the follow of a fine needle into the #ody at various sites. c. 8 primary sites: -su#cutaneous: a( solutions%suspensions! small volumes. )x. 1nsulin. -intramuscular: greater volumes! long lasting. -intravenous: directly into vein. -an #e single! small volume or large volume drip. Allows desired #lood level to #e achieved in optimal manner. d. )ither a sterile suspension or solution or in a suita#le vegeta#le oil. 'rugs administered in a(ueous solution are a#sor#ed more rapidly than solid #%c no disintegration%dissolution$ Slow a#sorption . prolonged drug action depot! repository$. -. )picutaneous Route a. Advantages%'isadvantages #. +easi#le dosage forms: applied topically to the s9in.
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    Pharmaceutics I Lesson Ten

    Dr. Jun Shao

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