Chester Castle Conservation Plan Vol II

CHESTER CASTLE
Volume II
Gazetteer September 2001
Existing Buildings: Gazetteer Numbers
70 64 43 42 57 43 17 49 52 67 45 44 7 41 5 11 6 71 9 50 62
20
INTRODUCTION
This Gazetteer lists and describes both the extant structures and those which are historic (i.e. removed, built over or buried) within the study site. Each entry follows a standard format under the following headings: Gazetteer number, NGR Number, Zone, Feature Name, Phase / Construction Date, Condition, Significance, References, Illustrations and List Description. Gazetteer Number: These are located on the Gazetteer plan (see following pages) and colour coded to indicate whether extant or historic NGR Number: Zone: The National Grid Reference and coordinates are indicated. The Zones referred to in the Gazetteer relate to the historic Mediaeval Castle. UB Upper Bailey also referred to with the Conservation Plan as the Inner Bailey OB Outer Bailey Em External to the walls of the Mediaeval Castle. Construction Phase: The phases and periods of construction are: Phase 1 Norman Motte and Bailey Phase 2 Norman Palatinate (to 1237) Phase 3 Mediaeval (1237 1400) Phase 4 16th Century Phase 5 Late 17th Century Phase 6 The Improvements of C.1745 Phase 7 Thomas Harrison C.1785-18 Phase 8 Mid Late 19th Century Phase 9 20th Century A plan identifying the periods of extant features is included within the Gazetteer introduction.
Condition:
The physical condition of the structure is briefly noted. Further information is available in the main Conservation Plan Document and the most recent condition survey prepared for English Heritage of the Inner Bailey. Each entry is classified in one of the following terms: International National Regional Local
Significance:
Vulnerability:
Points of Vulnerability are briefly noted but referral should be made to the main Conservation Plan Document. References are referred to by date, title and publisher. Where relevant or available plans and illustrations of historic structures are noted and referenced. The List Description is provided for each Listed structure. Gazetteer Reference (all periods). Gazetteer Reference (Existing Buildings). Periods of Construction. Chester Castle Plan 1745. Chester Castle 1745 Plan overlaid on Existing Site Plan. Chester Castle Existing Buildings Plan / Period of Construction. Archaeology (recent investigations)
References: Illustration:
List Description: Plans: G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7
NB. Gazetteer entries 47, 48 and 51 have been deleted.
INDEX
Feature Name Existing Buildings and Structures
Agricola Tower Artillery Store Barrack Building, designated A Block and Associated Provost Barrack House (Napier House) City Walls Curtain Wall Entrance from Lower to Upper bailey Flag Tower Frobishers House / Store and Store keepers House Guard Room and Cells Half Moon Tower Miniature Rifle Range New Armoury, designated B Block, (Colvin House) Old Mint Propylaea Retaining walls and railings of semicircular Forecourt Sally Port Scale model of Grosvenor Bridge Shire Hall / Assize Court Block Squash Court Statue of Queen Victoria Shire Hall / Assize Court Block Toilet Block UB Em (UB) OB UB Em UB UB UB UB UB UB Em (UB) OB UB OB OB UB Em (Castle Drive) OB Em (UB) OB OB UB 17 62 43 49 20 11 52 6 9 50 5 64 44 66 41 45 7 71 42 70 67 42 57
Gazetteer Zone
Gazetteer Number
Demolished / Buried Buildings and Structures

Armoury Ash Pit Bastion (site of) Battery (site of) Battery (site of) Battery Carpenters Workshop Chester Castle, old water of course Curtain Wall (site of) Ditch/moat/fosse (site of) Engine Shed Fire Engine shed in front of Agricola Tower Fives Courts Flanking turret (site of) Fosse or ditch Gaol Garden Garden (site of) Garden Garderobe Tower Gatehouse Glovers Stone, The (site of) Gloverstone, the area of (site of) Great Gateway (site of) Great Hall/Princes Hall Great Stable (site of) Guard or Square Tower Gun Shed Gun Shed Hall Kitchen and Butteries (site of) Kitchen and Butteries UB UB OB OB OB UB UB OB OB OB UB UB Em (UB) OB UB OB OB OB UB OB UB Em Em OB OB OB UB Em (UB) UB UB OB UB 8 60 24 35 36 12 10 40 32 39 59 65 54 30 2 46 18 28 19 25 3 38 37 27 22 29 4 55 56 14 26 13
Magazine Mayshams Tower (site of) Motte and bailey (motte part existing) New Hall or Hugh Lupus Hall Officers Stables Shire Hall or Common Hall of Pleas (site of) Solar and Chambers Soldiers cook house, barrack store and storekeepers quarters Tank Tank Tower (site of) Well Well House (site of) Wooden huts for extra accommodation
Em OB UB OB Em (UB) Em UB UB UB UB OB UB OB West side of ditch
53 23 1 21 61 34 15 68 58 69 31 16 33 63
Key Em OB UB Extra mural Outer Bailey Upper Bailey (sometimes referred to as Inner Bailey)
GAZETTEER PLAN: G1
TITLE: Gazetteer Reference (All Periods)
GAZETTEER PLAN: G2
TITLE: Gazetteer Reference (Existing Buildings)
GAZETTEER PLAN: G3
TITLE: Periods of Construction
GAZETTEER PLAN: G4
TITLE: Chester Castle Plan 1745
GAZETTEER PLAN: G5
TITLE: Chester Castle 1745 Plan overlaid on Existing Building
GAZETTEER PLAN: G6
TITLE: Chester Castle Existing Buildings Plan/Period of Construction
GAZETTEER PLAN: G7
TITLE: Archaeology (Recent Investigation)
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: SJ Upper bailey Motte and bailey
1 x-coord: 4046 y-coord: 6580
Phase/Construction Date(s): Description: Historical:
Phase 1
Motte and bailey castle built by William the Conqueror 1069-70. By 1077 the castle belonged to Hugh of Avranches, Earl of Chester, in whose family it stayed until 1237. Under the Norman Earls the castle formed the principal fortress, prison, and administrative centre for the almost autonomous honour known as the Palatinate of Chester. Current: The motte still survives as an area of raised ground on the western side of the inner bailey. Speculative: The castle was probably a simple structure comprising: the motte, which would have been a circular enditched mound c.5-10m in height and c.40m in diameter, still surviving as a low mound on the western edge of the castles inner bailey, and originally surmounted by a timber keep; the bailey, which would have been a circular area c.70m in diameter in front of the motte, enclosed by an earthen bank with a timber revetment, beyond which would have been an encircling ditch. The bailey would have been linked to the keep on the motte by an enclosed timber walkway or bridge. Evidence for the latter may be provided by a reference in 1238 to the bridge to the keep falling down and having to be rebuilt at a cost of 4, 35, 9d (Colvin H M ed 1963, 608). Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Colvin, H M (ed) Cox, E W DoE Hurst, J G and Wilson, D King, D and Alcock, L Ormerod, G OS Simpson, F SMR Thompson, H Illustrations: Lost Descriptions: 1963 1895 1985 1957 1966 1882 1976 1925 1988 1938 The History of the Kings Works 2: The Middle Ages. London. HMSO. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 5: 239-276. List of Buildings of Special Archaeological and Historical Interest Chester, 4: 611-13. London, DoE. Medieval Archaeology 1: 156. Chateau Gaillard 3: 112. History of Cheshire 1: 358-362, London, Routledge. Record card: SJ46NW44. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26: 71-132. 3007/1/0 and 3007/1/1. Archaeological Journal 94: 310. SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship As stated in the Buttress Fuller Alsop Williams condition survey, 1998, section 4.7 National. Any groundworks.
Moses Griffith: Watercolour (1747-1819). Housed in the Grosvenor Museum.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: SJ Upper bailey Fosse or ditch
2 x-coord: 340453 y-coord: 365780
Phase/Construction Date(s): Description: Speculative:
Phase 1
A profile of this feature has never been revealed but eighteenth century plans suggest it was c.9m wide. As the original bailey ditch it was probably re-excavated on several occasions before being filled in c. 1785 (Phase 7). It is possible that the fills of the ditch contain rare assemblages of Saxo-Norman pottery, generally speaking absent from other areas of Chester City.
Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability:
SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Filled in/buried. Likelihood of buried remains/artefacts National. Any groundworks.
References:
Simpson, F 1925 Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26: 72.
Illustrations: List Descriptions:
Lavaux: Plan of Chester Castle (c.1745). Housed in the Military museum.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: SJ Upper bailey Gatehouse (site of)
Phase 2
Gatehouse to the inner bailey consisting of two towers built of stone, being round on the outside and square on the inside, forming an entrance 45 feet wide (13.7m), with a bridge for access across the moat, between the inner and outer bailey. Demolished in 1804. Speculative: It is assumed that the inner gatehouse was built prior to the outer bailey gatehouse (1292-3) and the style of D-shaped towers seems to be an innovation of the thirteenth century. It may be that Earl Ranulf III of Chester built the gatehouse during the 1220s after his return from the Crusades, when he embarked upon building programmes at Beeston and Bolingbroke castles. Plans of the gatehouse are preserved on eighteenth century plans of Chester Castle and a watercolour by Moses Griffith gives a view of the gatehouse, as it would have appeared in the eighteenth century.
Statutory protection:
SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Demolished c.1804 (Phase (foundations/structures/artefacts). National. Any groundworks. 7). Likelihood of buried remains
Condition: Significance Vulnerability: References: Colvin, H M (ed) Cox, E W Simpson, F SMR
1963 1895 1925 1988
The History of the Kings Works 2: The Middle Ages. London, HMSO. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 5: 239-276. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26: 72. 3007/1/2.
Moses Griffith: Watercolour (1747-1819). Housed in the Grosvenor Museum. Lavaux: Plan of Chester Castle (c.1745). Housed in the Military museum.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: SJ Upper bailey
Guard or Square Tower (site of) Phase 2
A square tower to the west of the inner gatehouse, which was removed when a new armoury was built 1804-7. The tower was c. 9.1m x 9.1m in plan and is located on Levauxs plan of the castle c.1745. Speculative: A watercolour by Moses Griffith demonstrates that in appearance the tower was architecturally similar to the Agricola Tower, thought to be of twelfth century date. During the reign of Edward II (1315-16) a charge is recorded for repairs to the stable in the inner bailey, possibly located on the ground floor of this tower (SMR 1988, 3007/1/3).
Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Cox, E W Simpson, F SMR
SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Demolished, Phase 7. Likelihood of buried remains (foundations/structures/artefacts). National. Any groundworks.
1895 1925 1988
Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 5: 239-276. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26: 72. 3007/1/3.
Moses Griffith: Watercolour (1747-1819). Housed in the Grosvenor Museum. Lavaux: Plan of Chester Castle (c.1745). Housed in the Military museum.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: SJ Upper bailey Half Moon Tower
Phase/Construction Date(s): Description: Current:
Phase 2
The Half Moon Tower is situated in the northwest of the inner bailey. The tower is round on the outside and square on the inside (c. 7.6m x 15m). The rear of the tower abutts the early-nineteenth century Frobishers workshop. At present the tower has a battered lower level and nineteenth century sash windows to the ground and first floors, facing north and east and a battlemented parapet above. Speculative: This D-shaped mural tower may have been erected at the same time as the inner bailey gatehouse, possibly by Earl Ranulf III in the 1220s. It is illustrated on an eighteenth century water colour by Moses Griffith and is shown on eighteenth century plans of the castle.
Statutory protection:
Listed Building Grade I. SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Original much altered, such as nineteenth century windows etc. Currently in a derelict state and pigeon infested. As stated in the Buttress Fuller Alsop Williams condition survey, 1998, section 4.5 National. Further alteration to remaining original. Deterioration due to dereliction of building.
Condition:
Significance: Vulnerability: References: Ellis, P et al Simpson, F SMR
1996 1925 1988
Excavations at Chester Castle: the Seventeenth Century Armoury and Mint. Excavation Survey Report no.10. Chester City Council. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26: 72. 3007/1/4.
Moses Griffith: Watercolour (1747-1819). Housed in the Grosvenor Museum. Lavaux: Plan of Chester Castle (c.1745). Housed in the Military museum. Included in Gazetteer 11.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: SJ Upper bailey Flag Tower
Phase 2
Used as part of the late-seventeenth century armoury. Was subject to excavation in 1982 by P R Hough who located a seventeenth century phase of occupation and levelling and also deposits earlier than the foundations of the Flag Tower, possibly related to the original motte. Current: The present building has two storeys of Bunter Sandstone, with walls c. 2.13m thick. It has a central ground floor doorway and two openings to the first floor; the left hand opening has a round arch and the right hand one a cement lintel. Although it is much altered a lot of the original stonework remains. Speculative: The Flag Tower is 33 foot square and is believed to occupy the site of the original keep to the Norman motte (1070). In 1159-60, 102 7s 5d was spent on the work of the castle and this may have included the construction of the Flag Tower. Statutory protection: Listed Building Grade I. SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Colvin, H M (ed) Cox, E W DoE Ellis P, et al Hough, P R Simpson, F SMR 1963 1895 1985 1996 1982 1925 1988 The History of the Kings Works 2: The Middle Ages. London, HMSO. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 5: 239-276. List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historical Interest Chester 4: 611. London, DoE. Excavations at Chester: Chester Castle, the Seventeenth Century Armoury and Mint. Excavation Survey Report no. 10. Chester City Council. Cheshire Archaeological Bulletin Interim Report 8: 45-6. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26: 72. 3007/1/5. Extant - but empty and structurally unsound (derelict). As stated in the Buttress Fuller Alsop Williams condition survey, 1998, section 4.3 National. Further alteration to remaining original. Deterioration due to dereliction of building.
Lavaux: Plan of Chester Castle (c.1745). Housed in the Military museum. Randle Holmes: Sketch of Chester Castle (mid-seventeenth century). Harleian MS.2073. Included in Gazetteer 11.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: Upper bailey Sally Port
7 x-coord: y-coord:
Phase 3
The original Sally Port was defended by a machicolated bartizan carried on corbels. Rebuilt in 1786 including removal of original steep straight flight of steps, replaced with winding passage through wall, c. 3.88m northwest of former stairs. It is possible that the entrance arch from the Upper Bailey is medieval. The original Sally Port is shown on Levauxs plan of the castle c. 1745. Current: The replacement Sally Port of 1786 (Phase 7) is at present barred by a locked iron gate.
Speculative: Probably added to the castle when the curtain wall to the inner bailey was rebuilt in stone c. 1246 on the orders of Henry III and may have been partially incorporated into the rebuild of 1786. Statutory protection: Condition: SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Original demolished and rebuilt in 1786 replacement still extant (the existing inner archway is possibly Medieval). As stated in the Buttress Fuller Alsop Williams condition survey, 1998, section 4.6 National Alteration/deterioration.
Significance: Vulnerability: References: Simpson, F
1925
Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26: 72.
Lavaux: Plan of Chester Castle (c.1745). Housed in the Military museum. Randle Holmes: Sketch of Chester Castle (mid-seventeenth century). Harleian MS. 2073. Included in Gazetteer 11.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: Upper bailey Armoury (site of)
8 x-coord: 340441 y-coord: 365758
Phase 5
The armoury was erected during the reign of William III between the Half Moon Tower and the Guard Tower. The armoury was commissioned in 1686 and completed in 1687 as part of the refurbishment to the Castle undertaken during De Schombergs campaign in Ireland. The new armoury was to house a considerable magazine of arms, powder, ammunition, and other habiliments of war and was to be serviced by a store keeper (Ellis P ed 1996, 15). In 1691 repairs to the armoury are recorded comprising brick and slating for the armoury shop and lead, glass, plastering, white washing and 62 yards of brick walling (the bricks are recor ded as 15 thick). A survey of the castle in 1745 reported that the armoury contained a small number of field pieces and royals in good order and with sufficient ammunition. The armoury was named on a map of 1769 as an ordnance storehouse and was repla ced in 1807 by a new armoury on the south side of the parade ground. A study of the evolving plan of the armoury building is provided by Peter Ellis (1996), along with details of the standing building survey undertaken in 1982, prior to its demolition. A series of maps between 1725-1775 demonstrate the development of the armoury, as a single storey building with 5 long narrow bays and 2 wider ones running back from an open connecting passageway, entered directly from the exterior. Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Ellis, P et al Simpson, F 1996 1925 Excavations at Chester: Chester Castle: the Seventeenth Century Armoury and Mint. Excavation Survey Report no.10. Chester City Council. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26: 73. SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Demolished. Possibly some buried remains after archaeological excavation in 1982. Local. N/A
Structural sequence of plans in Ellis, 1996: 16-17
9 x-coord: 340445 y-coord: 365763
Frobishers House / Stores and Store Keepers House Phase 5
In front of and adjoining the Half Moon Tower. When the armoury was built in 1686-7 a store keeper was employed to service it, known as a Furbisher (later corrupted to Frobisher). A letter from De Schomberg in 1689 gives the name of the former store keeper as Mr Williams and his replacement as Mr Brett. Between 1696-8 the building was converted into a Royal Mint for the English recoinage of 1696. This was overseen by a comptroller (Edmund Halle the astronomer) and a mint staff listed as a warden, a master, an assayer, a kings clerk, a surveyor of the meltings, a porter, a masters assistant, and a comptrollers clerk. In 1698 an estimate of the cost of putting the Frobishers shop in the same order as when it was delivered to the officers of His Majestys Mint was ordered. Current: The Frobishers House which still stands to the rear of the Half Moon Tower may be the original store keepers house. A standing building survey undertaken in 1982 has shown parts of this house still have late-seventeenth century upstanding remains, that were revamped in the early-nineteenth century. Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Ellis, P et al Simpson, F 1996 1925 Excavations at Chester: Chester Castle: the Seventeenth Century Armoury and Mint. Excavation Survey Report no.10. Chester City Council. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26: 73. SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Extant, pigeon infested. As stated in the Buttress Fuller Alsop Williams condition survey, 1998, section 4.4 Regional. Further alteration to remaining original. Deterioration due to dereliction of building.
Elevations and internal floor plans produced in Ellis et al 1996: 2, 5 8-9, and 13-14. Included in Gazetteer 11.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: Upper bailey
10 x-coord: 340439 y-coord: 365750
Carpenters workshop (site of) Phase 5
Erected in front of Half Moon Tower and burnt down in 1893. Speculative: This was housed within the building known as the armoury and probably dates from 1686-7, when the rest of the range of buildings were constructed.
Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Simpson, F
SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Demolished. Likelihood of buried remains (ditches/structures/foundations/artefacts). Local. Any groundworks.
1925
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: Upper bailey Curtain Wall
11 x-coord: 340428 y-coord: 365724
Phase 3
Instruction to replace wooden fence of bailey with stonewall by Henry III in 1246 filled spaces between towers in upper bailey. In 1691 a section of the curtain wall connected to the armoury was repaired with 62 yards of brick walling. Southwest section including a Sally Port with machicolated bartizan that was taken down in 1786 and rebuilt. The southwest section of wall was taken down in 1786 and the new wall varied from 3m to 6m outside of the original wall line. Repair work included the reconstruction of Lord Cholmondeleys battery of 1745. Part of the curtain wall attached to the Square Tower was taken down in 1804 to make way for Colvin House. Speculative: The upper bailey curtain wall is assumed to mark the original circuit to the Norman motte and bailey castle.
SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Extant. As stated in the Buttress Fuller Alsop Williams condition survey, 1998, section 4.6 National. Further alteration to remaining original. Deterioration due to dereliction.
1925
Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26: 72-73.
Illustrations:
Levaux: Plan of Chester Castle (c.1745). Housed in the Military museum. Randle Holmes: Sketch of Chester Castle (mid-seventeenth century) Harleian MS. 2073.
List Descriptions:
Curtain wall to west and southwest of Inner Bailey: Curtain Wall. After 1246 with C18, C19 and C20 additions and alterations. Bunter sandstone ashlar. Forming western side of rectangular enclosure with a rounded corner to the southwest Set on Saxon defensive mound at west. Western front: Half-moon tower at extreme left; semicircular in plan with battered lower level. C19 sash windows to ground and first floors facing north and east. Battlemented parapet above. Low wall extending to left linking up with the rear of B Block (q.v.). To the right the curtain wall extends with a battlemented parapet and 2 early C19 horizontal gun slits. At the southwestern curved corner are a series of three buttresses with offsets. Blocked door to ground floor level between second and third of these from left. Tower to right. Slightly projecting. The height of the wall diminishes via an offset at right of this tower but the wall extends considerably lower as the earth mound dies. Arched doorway to right approached by flight of C20 concrete steps leading to salyport steps. Southern curtain wall of 1786 adjoins to right (q.v.). Rear: Arched sally port stairway exists at left with stairway up to ramparts immediately to right of it. Brick inner face of wall at right of this with stone walkway to ramparts with C20 iron railings. Flag tower projects at centre: two storeys of Bunter sandstone with central ground floor doorway and two openings to first floor, that at left with round arch, that at right with cement lintel. To right is projecting early C19 house on the site of the Frobishers workshop and abutting the rear of the half-moon tower. Now of three bays, though originally extending further left. Entrance front: stucco rendered on three bays. Horned sash windows to first floor with stone cills. Lateral ground floor doors with central bowed oriel of 4 x 4 horned sash panes. Jagged well at left indicating recent demolition. Curtain wall to south of Inner Bailey: Curtain wall. Dated 1786 on datestone. Bunter sandstone ashlar. South facing central wall with lateral walls facing south-south-west and south-south-east. South front: battered walls with raised rusticated quoins to corners and large-scale roll moulding below battlemented parapet, which has a mouled, offset coping. The datestone is at the centre of the south-south-western wall. Rear: raised walkway with stone-flagged and tarmacadam surface on brick walling. Western and southwestern curtain wall adjoins to left (q.v.) and eastern wall at right (q.v.). Curtain wall to east of Inner Bailey: Curtain wall. Late C18. Bunter sandstone ashlar. East front: battered wall with large-scale keel moulding below battlemented parapet, which has moulded offset coping. Buttresses with offsets irregularly placed. Army storage buildings adjoin at lower level. Rear: raised walkway with stone-flagged surface above brick walling. South-south-eastern curtain wall adjoins to left.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: Upper bailey Battery
12 x-coord: 340450 y-coord: 365710
Phase 6
Adjoining the Sally Port steps on the east side was a raised battery overlooking the Little Roodee and the river, installed c. 1745 by Lord Cholmondeley, and reconstructed in 1786. Removed by Captain Kitson when building new armoury and Napier House c. 1830. Speculative: Said to have been for 12 cannon but only 4 were mounted.
SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Demolished. Local. N/A
1925
Lavaux: Plan of Chester Castle (c.1745). Housed in the Military museum.
Kitchen and Butteries (site of) Phase 3
At the northern edge of the eastern range of buildings in the Upper Bailey were the Kitchen and Butteries. Access could be gained from these to the Ditch via a stone arch and step. Re-roofed in 1302 after a fire. A new kitchen was built in the inner bailey for the justicians deputy in 1328 and a little buttery and kitchen were provided for the comptroller in 1346-7. A bridge was ordered to be constructed in 1245 by Henry III to give access from the castle into an orchard (probably the garden by the Great Hall in the outer bailey). This probably led from the stone staircase and archway mentioned above. Present: The arch still standing to the east of the Agricola Tower is possibly part of the building. Speculative: The kitchen and butteries formed part of the southeast range of the inner bailey, probably built prior to Henry IIIs improvements.
Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Colvin, H M (ed) Cox, E W Simpson, F SMR
SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Demolished. Likelihood of buried remains (structures/artefacts). As stated in the Buttress Fuller Alsop Williams condition survey, 1998, section 4.6 Regional/local. Arch vulnerable to deterioration/alteration; ground disturbance works. The History of the Kings Works 2: The Middle Ages. London, HMSO. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 5: 239-276. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26: 74. 3007/1/6.
1963 1895 1925 1988
Levaux: Plan of Chester Castle (c.1745). Housed in the Military museum. Randle Holmes: Sketch of Chester Castle (mid-seventeenth century). Harleian MS. 2073.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: SJ Upper bailey Hall (site of)
Phase 3
The hall was in the southeast range of the inner bailey and measured c.10 x 20m. A chamber was ordered to be constructed by Henry III in 1245, described as being a first floor chamber with a cellar below. This new chamber cost 219, 13s, 0.5d to build and may equate to the solar, chamber and hall of the inner bailey. Adjoining the kitchen and connected to the Agricola Tower at the north end by a porch. Connected to the Agricola Tower by a blocked up passage at Chapel level. Rebuilt by Richard the engineer in 1302 after fire. Converted into Governors apartments by c. 1745. Taken down in November 1830 due to dangerous condition.
Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Simpson, F SMR
SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Demolished. Likelihood of buried remains (structures/artefacts). National. Any groundworks.
1925 1988
Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26: 74. 3007/1/6.
Lavaux: Plan of Chester Castle (c.1745). Housed in the Military museum. Randle Holmes: Sketch of Chester Castle (mid-seventeenth century). Harleian MS. 2073.
Solar and Chambers (site of) Phase 3
Possibly part of the new chamber ordered to be built by Henry III in 1245-7, which comprised a new first floor chamber standing on a cellar and cost 219. 13s. 01/2d. Connected to the Hall. Converted to apartments of deputy governor c. 1745 and used as officers quarters in nineteenth century. Taken down in November 1830 due to dangerous condition of timbers. Beneath the hall and chambers were probably cellars or crypts.
SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Demolished. Likelihood of buried remains (structures/artefacts). National. Any groundworks. The History of the Kings Works 2: The Middle Ages. London, HMSO. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 5: 239-276. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26: 74. 3007/1/6.
1963 1895 1925 1988
Illustrations:
Engraving by William Byrne (1743-1805). Housed in the Grosvenor Museum. Lavaux: Plan of Chester Castle (c.1745). Housed in the Military museum. Randle Holmes: Sketch of Chester Castle (mid-seventeenth century). Harleian MS. 2073.
List Descriptions:
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: SJ Upper bailey Well
Phase 3
Stone-lined well situated c.17m south of the Agricola Tower, formerly in the garden in front of governors house shown on seventeenth century plan of the castle. Current: Well covered by a York stone slab. Said to be 24m deep, water encountered at 13.7m. Location marked by a ring of concrete bollards installed by the army to prevent heavy vehicles from passing over it.
SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Covered by a tarmacadam surface. Local. Ground disturbance.
1925 1988
Lavaux: Plan of Chester Castle (c.1745). Housed in the Military museum. Randle Holmes: Sketch of Chester Castle (mid-seventeenth century). Harleian MS. 2073.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: SJ Upper bailey Agricola Tower
Phase/Construction Date(s): Description:
Phase 2
The Agricola Tower or Caesars Tower is a square tower 16m high with buttresses at each corner of Early English pilaster type. The tower is a three-storey building constructed from Bunter sandstone ashlar blocks, originally of late-twelfth century or early-thirteenth century date, but with alterations to the crypt in 1302. The exterior was partly refaced by Thomas Harrison in 1818 with more repairs done in 1923 and 1952. The tower is thought to have functioned as the original gatehouse to the inner bailey and probably replaced the timber gatehouse of the original Norman bailey. 17a External appearance The southwest face has a central pointed gate arch with stepped reveals, and slightly projecting turrets. A pointed lancet exists at first floor level with voussoirs and an iron grille, while above this is a battlemented parapet with chamfered coping. There are traces visible in the masonry of a later gabled abutment to the tower (probably the inner bailey hall, kitchen and butteries). The southeast face has a projecting staircase with a turret and to the left a blocked light. The northwest face is blind and was entirely refaced in 1818. The northeast face has projecting buttresses to left and right of centre and there is a lancet to the first floor chapel. 17b Ground floor The ground floor has a sexpartite stone vaulted ceiling, with bold plain chamfered ribs, which spring from wall pillars, connected in the centre by a boss carved with the cable design. The pillars are 1.04m high, chamfered on each front edge, with similar chamfered caps and base. The pillars rest on a square plinth, which extends around the room. The northeast wall is a former gateway blocked with masonry, into which a small bay has been added containing a deeply recessed and splayed light. The walls bear a number of masons marks, mostly in the form of arrows. It is documented that the ground floor and parts of the adjoining building were damaged by fire in 1302 and that subsequently the floor of the chapel above had to be shored up and the stonework strengthened. This work was undertaken by Brother Thomas, the Plumber of Cumbermere Abbey and directed by Richard the Engineer, at a cost of 13, 4s, 0d. Access to the first floor level is gained by an Early English doorway in the southeast wall. A single keel mould surrounds the pointed doorway, which is 1.98m in height and 1.04m wide. The drip stone above the doorway is pointed and of plain flat fillet type with a splay on the lower side, which terminates abruptly. The doorway leads to a stone staircase occupying an angle turret with the thickness of the walls, lighted by three deeply-splayed lights inserted in 1818. At first floor level is a deep recess in the thickness of the wall, forming a landing from which entrance is gained to the chapel of St Mary in the castle. 17c - Chapel The Chapel of St Mary de Castro is a parallelogram in plan measuring 5.89m long and 5.02m wide. It is divided into two bays by quadripartite, acutely-pointed, stone vaulting, with an extra rib between each bay. The ribs are beautifully moulded with three filleted rolls and an intermediate angular member springing from circular vaulting shafts with floriated and voluted capitals and moulded base. The ornamentation of the caps varies, the centre one on the north-west side being distinct from the others. The original stone floor of the chapel is covered by a later wooden floor. The pointed doorway is located in the first bay on the southeast side and has a keel mould on the edge. On the northeast side of the chapel is an altar recessed in the thickness of the wall with a segmental arch above it. Above the altar is a deeply-splayed square light, whilst to the right is a small aumbrey with round head. The southwest wall has a pointed recess in the thickness of the wall, in the upper part of which is a modern window, and in the lower part are two stone seats. The second bay of the northwest wall has a square recess with a segmental arch, inside the recess is a rabbet cut in the sides and back for the insertion of a shelf (possibly for the sacred vessels). Adjoining this recess is a blocked doorway made when the chapel was converted into a store for weapons and gunpowder in the seventeenth century. The door to the chapel is clad in copper, intended as a safety measure while the room functioned as a magazine.
Description Continued The walls and stone vaulting of the chapel have traces of painted plaster with biblical scenes of which two separate periods of scheme can be discerned. The earlier scheme probably dates to the construction of the chapel in the late-twelfth century and may be attributed to Earl Ranulf III (Phase 2). The later scheme covers most of the earlier decoration and has been assigned a date in the second third of the thirteenth century, probably having been commissioned by Henry III (Phase 3). The later scheme incorporates the following scenes: Southern quadrant of the eastern bay the Visitation. Southern quadrant of the western bay the Adoration of the Magi. West wall, west bay the Legend of Theophilus. North wall, west bay the Miracle of St Bonnet of Clermont. North wall, east bay the Miracle of Ebbo the thief. South wall, east bay the Miracle of the Jew of Bourges. South wall, west bay the Miracle of St Mercurius (or George). East wall, upper register St Edward and the King. The following priests were chaplains or Custodes Capelle at the chapel in the castle: Petre Trafforde (c. 1360). John de Wylaston (c. 1400). John de Thornton (during the reign of Henry V). John Trafford (c. 1491). In 1648 the well known Congregationalist Minister Samuel Eaton was the Chaplain. When King James II visited Chester in 1687 he attended mass and received sacrament at the chapel on Sunday August 28th. 17d second floor room Proceeding up the stone staircase to the second floor another pointed doorway leads to a room with a brick barrel roof. To the right of the door is a deeply recessed light in the thickness of the wall, with iron bars. In the adjoining wall is another small light recessed to the same extent. 17e - parapet The stone staircase continues to the leaded roof level, which has a battlemented parapet.
Rear elevation Statutory protection: Listed Building Grade I. SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Condition:
The ground floor
Extant. Much refacing of external elevations. Original interior. Some damp ingress and pigeon infestation. As stated in the Buttress Fuller Alsop Williams condition survey, 1998, section 4.2
Significance: Vulnerability: References:
National. Alteration/deterioration. Wall paintings in particular appear to have suffered from damp.
Cather, C, Park, D and Pender, R Colvin, H M (ed) Cox, E W DoE Pevsner, N and Hubbard, E Richards, R Simpson, F SMR
2000 1963 1895 1985 1971 1947 1925 1988
Henry IIIs Wall Paintings at Chester Castle. In Medieval Archaeology, Art and Architecture at Chester. British Archaeological Association. The History of the Kings Works 2: the Middle Ages. Lond on, HMSO. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 5: 239-276. List of Buildings of Architectural and Historical Interest Chester 4: 609. London, DoE. The Buildings of England Cheshire: 157-8. Old Cheshire Churches: 101-2. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26: 77-8. 3007/1/7.
Illustrations:
Lavaux: Plan of Chester Castle (c.1745). Housed in the Military museum. Randle Holmes: Sketch of Chester Castle (mid-seventeenth century). Harleian MS. 2073. Moses Griffith: Watercolour (1747-1819). Housed in the Grosvenor Museum.
List Descriptions:
Castle gate-tower with chapel to first floor. Late C12/Early C13 with additions and alterations after 1302 and refacing by Thomas Harrison of 1818 with further repairs of 1923 and 1952. Bunter sandstone ashlar with metal roof. Three storeys. South-western front: Central pointed gate arch with stepped reveals and voussoirs now glazed. Slightly projecting turrets to right, clasping buttres at left, common to the other two corners. Both have some stonework of pre-1818 date. Signs of later gabled abutment to tower. Offset above lower stage. Pointed lancet of first floor with voussoirs and iron grille. Rectangular windows to right hand staircase turret. Battlemented parapet with chamfered coping. A C19 single storey provost block adjoins to the left (not included in this item). Right hand reveal: projecting staircase turret to the left has one blocked light. Central second floor square window. Left reveal: blind and entirely refaced in 1818. Rear: projecting buttresses to left and right of centre. Blocked arch to recessed central wall. One rectangular ground floor window. First floor lancet to chapel and blocked window to second floor. interior: Entrance ground floor passageway altered after fire of 1302. Sexpartite vault with chamfered ribs resting on chamfered attached pillars with simple chamfered abacus capitals and chamfered bases supported on raised plinth. Pointed arch to stair turret at south of south-eastern wall. First floor; (Chapel of St Mary de Castro). Three round wall pillars with moulded bases and water leaf capitals to south-eastern and north-western walls supporting two quadripartite vaults with keel-moulded ribs. Pointed alter recess to north-eastern wall. Aumbry with pointed arch to right of this. Pointed door arch to right of centre of south-eastern wall set in projecting portion of wall has keel moulded surround.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: SJ Outer bailey Garden
Phase 2
In 1191 Ranulf appointed William as the Mounter keeper of my garden and my orchard at Chester, and William was also granted a resting tree and residue of my apples after the shaking down of the trees of my garden (Morris 1894, 571). In 1245 King Henry III ordered the construction of a bridge from the castle (inner bailey) to an orchard. In 1287 200 plants of apples and pears were bought and in 1290 the gardeners obligation was to find worts from Michelmas to Lent and leeks during Lent (SMR 1988, 3007/1/16). In 1302 there is reference to the construction of three herbers in the castle and custody of the castle garden is mentioned in inquisitions post mortems of 1350, 1370 and 1459. Speculative: The garden of Ranulf III referred to in 1191 is probably between the Agricola Tower and the Exchequer court on Levauxs plan of 1745. Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Harvey, J Morris, R H Ormerod, G Simpson, F SMR 1981 1894 1882 1925 1988 Medieval Gardens: 64-5. Chester in the Plantagenet and Tudor reigns: 571. History of Cheshire 2: 40 and 547. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26: 71-132. 3007/1/16. SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Demolished. Likelihood of buried remains (features/artefacts). Local. Ground disturbance.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: SJ Upper bailey Garden
Phase 5
During repairs undertaken to the Shire Court buildings in 1660 a garden was created in the inner bailey for the judges to walk in at the Assize. This garden may be shown on a survey of the castle (1682 -4) and details of its formal layout as a knot garden can be seen on Levauxs plan of c.1745.
SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Demolished. Likelihood of buried remains (features/artefacts). Local. Ground disturbance.
1925
Lavauxs plan of Chester Castle (c.1745). Housed in the Military museum.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: Extra mural City Walls
20 x-coord: 340461 y-coord: 365653
Phase 1
The wall was rebuilt during the nineteenth century. The line of the wall is illustrated on Brauns map of Chester c. 1572, and Levauxs plan of Gloverstone c. 1745. A prospect of the wall is shown in Boydells watercolour of 1749. Speculative: Possible line of the wall established during the fortification of the burh of Chester in 907 by Aethelfleada, and respected by the line of the later Medieval city wall.
SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Extant. National. Alteration/deterioration.
1925
Illustrations:
Boydell, J. A: South prospect of the City of Chester (1749). Housed in the Grosvenor museum. Braun, G: Civitates Orbis Terrarum (1572). Lavaux: Plan of Gloverstone (1745). Housed in the Military museum.
List Descriptions:
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: Outer bailey
21 x-coord: 340500 y-coord: 365771
New Hall or Hugh Lupus Hall (site of) Phase 3-6
Located at the south end of the east range in the outer bailey, adjoining fosse and gateway of upper bailey. Also known as the Shire Hall. Reconstructed and converted to an exchequer court c. 1579-81. The hall as it appeared in the late- sixteenth century is shown on a sketch of the castle done by Randle Holme in the midseventeenth century. Its shape in plan can be discerned on Levauxs plan of the castle c. 1745. Pennant in his Tours of Wales (1784) describes the hall as c.30m in length, 13.7m in width and of a height worthy of the state apartment of a great baron. The roof was supported by woodwork in a bold style, carved, and resting on stout brackets. Speculative: The original building may have been the great chapel referred to in 1302. This is supported by the painting by Moses Griffith and a view published by the Gentlemans Magazine in 1789. Both illustrations show the exchequer windows, which appear to indicate that it was designed as a chapel. The exchequer court was a twostorey building, with the exchequer chamber on the lower floor level. A plan among the records of the Duchy of Cornwall shows that there was a blind arcade of early-thirteenth century type along its north and east walls. Hugh Lupus was the first Earl of Chester (1070-1101), though it is unlikely that he had anything to do with the building. Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Colvin, H M (ed) Cox, E W Lysons Morris, R H Ormerod, G Pennant Simpson, F SMR 1894 1882 1784 1925 1988 1789 Illustrations: 1963 1895 The History of the Kings Works 2: The Middle Ages. London, HMSO. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 5: 239-276. Magna Britannia 2, 2: 455. Chester in the Plantagenet and Tudor Reigns: 98. History of Cheshire 1: 358. Tour of Wales. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26: 95. 3007/1/11 and 12. Gentlemans Magazine: 493. SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Demolished. Local. Potentially nothing survives.
Moses Griffith: Watercolours (1747-1819). Housed in the Grosvenor museum. Lavaux: Plan of Chester Castle (c.1745). Housed in the Military museum. Randle Holmes: Sketch of Chester Castle (mid-seventeenth century). Harleian MS.2073.
List Descriptions:
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: Phase/Construction Date(s): Description: Historical: SJ Outer bailey
Great Hall/Princes Hall (site of) Phase 3-6
The original Great Hall had been constructed during the reign of Henry III (1249-53) at a cost of 350 and it was used as the location for the shire court until 1310. Princes Hall (hall and kitchen) erected 1579 -81 on the site of the earlier Great Hall at a cost of 650. The new shire hall of 1579-81 was 30m long x 13.7m wide and is described as resembling Westminster Hall. The south gable of the hall had a long lancet light and on each side a quatrefoiled opening. A view of the building is also provided by Randle Holmes sketch of the castle and the ground plan is illustrated in Levauxs plan of 1745. Demolished in 1788 by Thomas Harrison to make way for his new shire hall. Speculative: The square bay windows shown on Moses Griffith watercolour are probably of Elizabethan date. Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Colvin, H M Cox, E W Lysons Morris, R H Simpson, F SMR 1894 1925 1988 1789 1963 1895 The History of the Kings Works 2: The Middle Ages. London. HMSO. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 5: 239-276. Magna Britannia. Chester in the Plantagenet and Tudor Reigns. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26: 96. 3007/1/11. Gentlemens Magazine. SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Demolished/buried. Possibility of buried remains. Local. Potentially nothing survives.
Illustrations:
Moses Griffith: Watercolours (1747-1819). Housed in the Grosvenor museum. Lavaux: Plan of Chester Castle (c.1745). Housed in the Military museum. Randle Holmes: Sketch of Chester Castle (mid-seventeenth century).
List Descriptions:
23 x-coord: 340509 y-coord: 365764
Mayshams Tower (site of) Phase 3
South-east of the Shire Hall. The tower is referred to in two fifteenth century documents dated 1441 and 1447-8 (SMR 1988, 3007/1/8). Demolished 1788-1807. This is located on Levauxs plan of 1745 and may be seen on Randle Holmes late-seventeenth century sketch of the castle.
SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Demolished. Possibility of buried remains. Local. Potentially nothing survives.
1925 1988
Lavaux: Plan of Chester Castle (c.1745). Housed in the Military museum. Randle Holmes: Sketch of Chester Castle (mid-seventeenth century). Harleian MS.2073.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: Outer bailey Bastion (site of)
24 x-coord: 340516 y-coord: 365793
Phase 3
East side of outer bailey, north-east of the Shire Hall square in plan. Contained two guard rooms. At the extreme north end, overlooking the outer bailey ditch, was a projecting bastion and stairs leading to the curtain wall walk way. This is illustrated in the background of the watercolour by Moses Griffith of the outer bailey to Chester castle.
SAM 24. Conservation area protection. Demolished. Possibility of buried remains. Local. Potentially nothing survives.
1925 1988
Moses Griffith: Watercolours (1747-1819). Housed in the Grosvenor museum.
25 x-coord: 340530 y-coord: 365791
Garderobe Tower (site of) Phase 3
A Square buttressed tower, projecting east from bastion on plan of castle 1745 it is described as a mass house. Demolished 1788-1807. Current: Site now beneath bay of County Council Chamber. Speculative: If the Garderobe Tower had contained a small chapel then it may be referred to in a document of 1291, when references to boards for the a ltar and glazing for the windows of the queens chapel are mentioned. In 1301 Edward of Cearnarvon commissioned a picture of the martyrdom of St Thomas Becket to be painted in the lesser chapel next to the Great Hall (SMR 1988, 3007/1/13 and 3007/1/8). Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Colvin, H M (ed) Cox, E W Simpson, F SMR 1963 1895 1925 1988 The History of the Kings Works 2: the Middle Ages. London, HMSO. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 5: 239-276. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26: 98. 3007/1/13 and 3007/1/8. SAM 24. Conservation area protection. Demolished. Possibility of buried remains. Local. Potentially nothing survives.
Illustrations:
Lavaux: Plan of Chester Castle (c.1745). Housed in the Military museum. Randle Holmes: Sketch of Chester Castle (mid-seventeenth century). Harleian MS.2073
List Descriptions:
26 x-coord: 340515 y-coord: 365806
Kitchen and Butteries (site of) Phase 3
Located between Shire Hall and bastion. The new kitchen stood on the east side of the north end of the Shire Hall and adjoining it further north were the butteries and domestic buildings. Cox and Simpson refer to a small courtyard within which was a cloister containing the kitchen and buttery (Cox 1895, 239-276). The location and plan of the buildings are shown on Levauxs plan of c. 1745.
SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Demolished. Local. Potentially nothing survives. The History of the Kings Works 2: The Middle Ages. London, HMSO. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 5: 239-276. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26: 98. 3007/1/10.
1963 1895 1925 1988
Lavaux: Plan of Chester Castle (c.1745). Housed in the Military museum. Randle Holmes: Sketch of Chester Castle (mid-seventeenth century). Harleian MS.2073.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: SJ Outer bailey
Great Gateway (site of) Phase 3
This replaced an earlier gateway and was built by Edward I in 1292-3. It was located 27.4m to the west of the guard rooms. Formed from two half drum towers with a drawbridge crossing the moat. Western tower was known as Gowestower (functioning as the castle prison) and attached to the rear was the Porters Lodge. The Great Gateway was c. 15m wide. The gatehouse was defended by two portcullises and doors in the passageway led to guardrooms and dungeons. In 1310-11 200 was spent on work on the gatehouse and in 1399 Sir Piers Legh of Lyme was held in Gowestower prior to his execution by the Duke of Lancaster. In 1656 the gateway was still used as a prison. In 1660-2 much of the outer gatehouse fell down and the cost of repair was estimated at 860. In 1789 permission was given to Thomas Harrison to remove the outer gatehouse. Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Colvin, H M (ed) Cox, E W Morris, R H SMR Simpson, F 1963 1895 1894 1988 1925 1956 The history of the Kings Works 2: The Middle Ages. London HMSO. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 5 : 239-276. Chester in the Plantagenet and Tudor Reigns. 3007/1/9. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26: 99. Kings Vale Royal. SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Demolished/buried. Likelihood of buried remains (structures/artefacts). National. Ground disturbance.
Illustrations:
Moses Griffith: Watercolour (1747-1819). Housed in the Grosvenor museum. Broster: Sketch of Great Gateway c.1776. Housed in the Grosvenor museum. Lavaux: Plan of Chester Castle (c.1745). Housed in the Military museum. Randle Holmes: Sketch of Chester Castle (mid-seventeenth century). Harleian MS.2073.
List Descriptions:
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: SJ Outer bailey Garden (site of)
Phase 2
Occupying a space between the Great Gateway and the guardrooms. Garden survived until 1745 when a battery was built in its place. Speculative: May have existed from the twelfth century as a keeper of the garden was appointed in 1190 by Ranulf, 6th Earl of Chester. It may have spread into the ditch of the outer bailey.
Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Colvin H M (ed) Harvey, J Morris, R H Ormerod, G Simpson, F SMR
SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Demolished. Likelihood of buried remains (structures/artefacts). Local. Ground disturbance. The History of the Kings Works 2: The Middle Ages. London, HMSO. Medieval Gardens. Chester in the Plantagenet and Tudor Reigns: 571. History of Cheshire 1: 358-362. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society. 3007/1/16.
1963 1981 1894 1882 1925
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: SJ Outer bailey
Great Stable (site of) Phase 3
West of great gateway and c. 24m in length. This building is shown on Randle Holmes sketch of the late seventeenth century and on Levauxs plan of 1745. Speculative: Repairs were made to a stable in 1291 and further repairs were made by Edward III. These may have pertained to this building.
SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Demolished. Likelihood of buried remains (structures/artefacts). National. Ground disturbance.
1963 1895 1925 1988
The History of the Kings Works 2: The Middle Ages. London, HMSO. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 5: 239-276. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26: 99. 3007/1/15.
Lavaux: Plan of Chester Castle (c. 1745). Housed in the Military museum. Randle Holmes: Sketch of Chester Castle (mid-seventeenth century).
30 x-coord: 340426 y-coord: 365831
Flanking turret (site of) Phase 3
This flanking turret commanded the east and west fronts of the outer bailey wall and stood exactly opposite to where Harrisons Great Entrance now stands. It is shown on Levauxs plan of 1745.
1925
Lavaux: Plan of Chester Castle (c. 1745). Housed in the Military museum.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: Outer bailey Tower (site of)
31 x-coord: 340415 y-coord: 365809
Phase 3
A 8.5m square tower which stood 14.6m south of where the south wing of the Doric entrance now stands. Taken down 1789. First mentioned in 1256. Called Goblins Tower in 1741. The tower is shown on the late-seventeenth century sketch of the castle by Randle Holmes and on Lavauxs plan of 1745.
1925 1988
Lavaux: Plan of Chester Castle (c. 1745). Housed in the Military museum. Randle Holmes: Sketch of Chester Castle (mid-seventeenth century).
32 x-coord: 340438 y-coord: 365839
Curtain Wall (site of) Phase 3
The line of the outer bailey wall was established by Henry III when he took possession of the castle in 1237, later he ordered the bailey wall rebuilt in stone (1247-51). One hundred yards of the bailey wall were rebuilt from the foundations upwards in c.1337. The extent of this wall is shown on Lavauxs plan of 1745 and its height and character are illustrated on Randle Holmes sketch of the castle (late-seventeenth century) and Moses Griffiths watercolour of the outer gateway (late -eighteenth century). Demolished by Thomas Harrison c.17891810.
Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Colvin, H M (ed) Simpson, F SMR
SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Demolished. Likelihood of buried remains (structures/artefacts). National. Ground disturbance. The History of the Kings Works 2: The Middle Ages. London, HMSO. Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26: 99. 3007/1/8.
1963 1925 1988
Illustrations:
Moses Griffith: Watercolours (1747-1819). Housed in the Grosvenor museum. Lavaux: Plan of Chester Castle (c.1745). Housed in the Military museum. Randle Holmes: Sketch of Chester Castle (mid-seventeenth century).
List Descriptions:
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: Outer building
33 x-coord: 340473 y-coord: 365811
Well House (site of) Phase 4
Well house shown on seventeenth century sketch plan of the castle and on Moses Griffiths watercolour of the outer bailey. In 1898 top of well filled in due to flooding and capped with a stone slab. Speculative: Well house probably removed during Harrisons rebuild. Current: Thought to lie beneath the statue of Queen Victoria, in front of Harrisons portico.
SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Buried beneath tarmacadum surface. Likelihood of buried remains. Local. Ground disturbance.
1925
Moses Griffith: Watercolour (1747-1819). Housed in the Grosvenor museum. Lavaux: Plan of Chester Castle (c. 1745). Housed in the Military museum.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: Extra-mural
34 x-coord: 340453 y-coord: 365869
Shire Hall or Common Hall of Pleas (site of) Phase 3
Immediately east of outer gateway, the building was a timber-framed Shire Hall, removed in 1581 to the corn market on Northgate Street. Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Simpson, F 1925 Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26: 100. SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Demolished. Likelihood of buried remains (structures/artefacts). Regional. Ground disturbance.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: Outer bailey Battery (site of)
35 x-coord: 340496 y-coord: 365837
Phase 6
Erected in garden next to Great Gateway and opposite St Marys Church in 1745, on the orders of Lord Cholmondeley. The site is shown on Levauxs plan of the castle.
SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Demolished. Local. N/A
1925
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: Outer bailey Battery (site of)
36 x-coord: 340500 y-coord: 365764
Phase 6
Erected at the south-east corner of the Shire Hall, probably on the site of the Earls garden mentioned in 1191. Constructed as a raised platform with a parapet in 1745. The site is located on Lavauxs plan of the cas tle.
SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Demolished Local. N/A
1925
37 x-coord: 340358 y-coord: 365760
The area of Gloverstone (site of) Phase 1
A kind of no-mans land under the jurisdiction of neither the City nor the County. Traders other than freemen of the city were allowed to trade in booths or tents. Houses were erected in the Hamlet in the late-sixteenth century. In 1625 houses were said to be standing on the site of the Shire Hall taken down in 1581. The limit of this territory was marked by an upstanding stone (discussed in gazetteer number 38).
SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Likelihood of buried remains (structures/artefacts). National/regional. Ground disturbance.
1925
38 x-coord: 340487 y-coord: 365871
The Glovers Stone (site of) Phase 1
This stone stood on the east side of the short lane and was buried where it had stood when A block was built in 1810. Speculative: Possibly a prehistoric monolith/megalith monument utilised in the Medieval period as a boundary marker. Said to have been tipped into the outer bailey ditch prior to the building of A block.
SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Removed. Likelihood of buried remains. Regional. Ground disturbance.
1925
39 x-coord: 340443 y-coord: 365850
Ditch/moat/fosse (site of)
Phase/Construction Date(s): Description: Historical: Probably established as a defensive circuit by Henry III after 1237, an d filled in prior to the construction of A block in 1806. During restoration of A block in 1890 the depth to bedrock was tested for each of the 10 columns, as follows: Column 1 3 4/5 6 7/8 10 Depth 10 ft 6 ins 27 ft 27 ft 26 ft 32 ft 45 ft 3 ins
Outer bailey ditch therefore 18m wide and 14m deep. Evaluation trenches along the southern side of A block in 1993 confirmed location of ditch/fosse with eighteenth century deposits persisting to a depth of at least 2.5m below car park level. Speculative: May have followed the line of a pre-existing water course discussed below (see gazetteer no. 40). Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Simpson, F Ward, S 1925 1993 Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26: 120-4. Chester Castle Archaeological Evaluation. Evaluation Survey Report No. 20, Chester City Council. SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Demolished. Likelihood of buried remains (structures/artefacts). National. Any groundworks.
40 x-coord: 340443 y-coord: 365850
Chester Castle, old water course (site of) Phase 1
Orderic Vitalis describes the castle as an island probably because it was cut off by a water course running between the Roodee race course and the Dee Bridge. Possibly utilised as the outer bailey ditch (gazetteer no. 39).
SAM 24. Conservation area protection. EH/state guardianship Likelihood of buried remains (structures/artefacts). Regional. Ground disturbance.
1925
Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26:
GAZETTEER NUMBER: 41 NGR Number: SJ x-coord: 4040 Zone: Outer Bailey Feature Name: Propylaea Phase/Construction Date(s): Phase 7 (Harrison) Description: Grand Entrance to Chester Castle. The Propylaea is of the Greek Doric order with an attic, and is flanked on either side by pedimented lodges. Built to the design of Thomas Harrison, with work commencing in 1811; it was substantially completed by 1815. The overall width is approximately 30 metres.
y-coord:
6584
Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Simpson
Listed Building Grade I. Conservation area protection. Externally generally good. Some localised areas of stone delamination. International (as part of a group with nos. 42, 43, 44, 45, & 52). Possible damage from vehicles: setting impaired by Parking in Castle Square 1925 pp. 108-9. First stone laid by Lieut. Col. Trafford, 20/6/1811. Also local press report of August 1813, and a description by Thomas Harrison of his work. pp. 66-7. Submission of plans, 1810-3, substantially complete, 1815. pp. 944-7. For a preliminary Egyptian style design, see ill. p. 947. 1821 Ordnance Report 1830 Ordnance Report 1841 Ordnance Report 1851 Ordnance Report Harrisons plans and drawings.
Ockrim
1983
Crook 1971 PRO WO 55/2459 PRO WO 55/2544 PRO WO 55/2741 PRO WO 55/2951 CRO QAB 2/3/1-20 Illustrations: Propylaea. 1811-1813. By Thomas Harrison of Chester. Ashlar Manley sandstone List Description: with lead roof. Central gateway with colonnades to either side connecting with pavilions. West front: Central gateway of tetrastyle amphiprostyle form with 2 rows of Greek Doric columns which are monolithic and fluted to their upper bodies but merely faceted below. Standing on abaci they have wider intercolumniation to the centre. Doric entablature above with metopes guttae and mutules continuing around gateway. Panelled attic storey above with raised tablet to centre. To rear dividing wall are a central gateway of full height with lower pedestrian gateways to either side and sunken panels with moulded surrounds over these. To either side are blank walls with mouldings to tops connecting the gateway to the side pavilions which each have two fluted Greek Doric columns to the centre and antae to the corners. Doric entablature above continuing around each pavilion. Pediment with blank tympanum over. Each has a wider opening between the central columns. East front: Central distyle gateway with antae to sides all being monolithic and the central columns fluted to their upper bodies and faceted below. Panelled attic and ' raised tablet as on west front. Dividing wall has gateways and panels as on west front. One-bay colonnades to either side supported by antae. Portico wings to either side each of tetrastyle form with second phalanx of columns distyle in antis behind, all monolithic. Wider intercolumniation to centre. Entablature over supporting pediment with blank tympanum. The Gateway colonnades and wings all have stone coved ceilings. There
are rectangular pedestals to apex and lower angles of pediments. J Mordaunt Crook says of the building in his book The Greek Revival that it combines "direct antique inspiration the Temple of Philip at Delos and the so-called Temple of Augustus at Athens with, the primal simplicity of the Sublime and the variety of light and shade associated with the Picturesque".
GAZETTEER NUMBER: 42 NGR Number: SJ x-coord: 4050 Zone: Outer Bailey Feature Name: Shire Hall / Assize Court Block Phase/Construction Date(s): Phase 7 (Harrison) Description: Nineteen bay symmetrical block facing Castle Square. The centre projecting portion of seven bays is ashlared, with six giant unfluted Doric columns carrying a pediment set lower than the attic storey. The centre was designed as the Shire Hall, and the two rusticated flanking portions were built to accommodate incarcerated male and female debtors. The block is of one and a half storeys, and is connected to the two other ranges in the courtyard by colonnades of Greek Doric columns. The Shire Hall, now Crown Court, is semi-circular with a coffered ceiling, and the design may have been influenced by J Gondoins Chirugie in the cole de Medicin in Paris (1769-1774), one of the most celebrated buildings in Paris. Like the Chirugie, the Shire Hall is placed behind a pedimented frontispiece. The building was extended to the right in 1875 when a new Nisi Prius Court was built to the design of T M Lockwood. The former goal Governors House, with Chapel below, now the Grand Jury Room, is trapezium shaped, and projected into the prison yard, rather in the manner of Jeremy Benthams Panopticon design. The former prison yards, to the left and right of the Shire Hall now contain ancillary Court buildings, completed in 1993. Some of the original basement cells are extant with doors and barred segmental windows. The total frontage is approximately 100 metres. Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Simpson
y-coord:
6580
Listed Building Grade I. Conservation area protection. Externally generally good. Some localised areas of stone delamination. International (as part of a group with nos. 41, 43, 44, 45, & 52). Setting impaired by Parking in Castle Square. 1925 p. 115. Demolition of caretakers house in 1875 as part of scheme for new Nisi Prius Court, designed by T M Lockwood, and erected in 1875-6. p. 118: Rearrangement of interior of Crown Court under supervision of Mr Bridgewater, County Surveyor, in 1895-6. pp. 946-7. with ill. of the Shire Hall vault. p. 74. Classical sources for the design of the Shire Hall. 1817: Fire in west wing of County Gaol, much damage. 1804 Plan of Improvements 1830 Ordnance Report Harrisons plans and drawings
Simpson Crook Ockrim PRO 44/55 PRO MPH 1/1162 PRO 55/2544 CRO QAB 2/1/8, 9, 16, 30, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40,
1925 1971 1983
41, & 51 CRO QAB 2/6/56-60 Illustrations: List Description:
Alterations, 1881-1898, including conversion of Governors House, debtors prison etc for County purposes.
Court house block and offices. 1788-1801. By Thomas Harrison of Chester. Keuper sandstone ashlar having slate roof with lead flashings. Set on a sloping site the building has two storeys to the western front and four to the east. E-shaped block. Facade facing Castle Square: 19 bays symmetrically disposed. Projecting plinth, moulded string-course and cornice with modillion frieze and plain attic above, all running around whole of building. Central projecting portion of 7 bays of smooth ashlar, the ranges to either side being of rock-faced rustication. Hexastyle Greek Doric portico with monolithic unfluted columns to centre and second row of columns behind. Coffered ceiling above with rows of mutules to sides of coffers. Plain tympanum and attic above with moulding to top. Within the portico at ground floor level is a recession with three arched niches with flat backs and lateral double doors with fanlights over at the level of whose springing runs a string course. Similar double doors to near sides in concave arched niches. To first floor above all ground floor portico bays are square, slightly recessed, panels with moulded surrounds. To either side of the portico are further double doors with rectangular fanlights over and moulded door surrounds and hoods supported on fluted consoles. Wrought iron lamp brackets immediately above and slightly recessed square panels with moulded surrounds to first floor. Ranges of 5 symmetrically disposed bays to either side. Central double doorways set in slight ground floor projections. Flat head with splayed voussoire above. Above these in a plain piece of ashlar supporting a cornice with modillion frieze. Ground floor windows to either side of these of 3 x 4 panes and first floor windows of 3 x 2 panes and with flat heads and splayed voussoirs. To either side are slightly projecting single bays with the same window arrangement. To either end are ground floor colonnades of 3 bays with unfluted monolithic Greek Doric columns in antis. The colonnade to left in open to both front and rear, that to right was originally similar but the building of the Nisi Prius Court by T M Lockwood in 1875 behind made it into an entrance porch with columns to the centre rear and antae to the corners with double doors to the centre of 3 panels each. Plain entablature above. Rear: 19 bays symmetrically disposed. Central bay of smooth ashlar, the remainder of rock-faced rustication with ashlar dressings. Central three bays project slightly with projecting semi-octagonal bay to centre. The lateral bays also project slightly. The lower two floors form one continuous range, the supper two floors, which are the rear of the Castle Square elevation, are flush with the central three-bay and lateral one-bay projections but are otherwise recessed forming two 3sided courtyards. Ashlar bands run across the front at the level of the ground floor door lintels and the first floor window sills. Ashlar cornice and frieze at level of second floor roof extending across projections as a string course. Central semioctagonal bay has projecting plinth. Blind doorways to centre of each face with lintels above and lunette windows over. First floor windows have sunken panels below arched windows. Second floor windows of Grand Jury Room have arched heads and sunken panels below and band at level of springing of arches. Third floor paired sash windows of 3 x 4 panes to each face with band extending across facade at level of sills. All the windows have splayed voussoirs. The bays to either side of this central feature and the projecting lateral bays are essentially similar and have cell doors to ground floor with lunette windows above. First floor arched windows, second floor arched windows recessed and set in ashlar surrounds. Single light windows to second floor. Between these are the seven bay two-storey ranges with cell doors to ground floor with lucarnes over. Lunette windows to first floor also. Interior: Shire Hall, now Crown Court; Semi-circular in plan with ambulatory screen of ten monolithic Ionic columns to curved side of room with antae supporting entablature with plain ashlar frieze. Arched and rectangular niches with aedicular surrounds to curved wall with rectangular sunken panels above with moulded surrounds. Coffered ceiling to ambulatory and to semicircular dome with painted central panels and four late C19 skylights to outer edge. Screen to centre of flat wall of two columns and antae with recess behind originally forming the surround to the
judges seat. (Seating plan now reversed.) The plan in very similar to that of Harrison's Gothick Shire Hall at Lancaster Castle of the 1790s and derives ultimately from Gondoin's Chirurgie in the Ecole de Medecine Paris or Palladios Teatro Olimpico at Vicenza. Two barrel vaulted rooms to either side of Judge's recess with panelled ceilings and lunette windows. Central Waiting Hall: Six plain niches to northern wall with pilasters between supporting Doric entablature. Similar pilasters and frieze to southern wall. Panelled ceiling with central skylight of clear, pink and yellow glass decorated with anthemia. Number 2 Court (added by T M Lockwood in 1875 as a Nisi Prius court room) pilasters to walls bearing Doric entablature. Blank arches between coved wooden panelled ceiling with central rectangular skylight containing coloured glass. Chapel: Segmental barrel vault to nave and semi octagonal chancel with ambulatory of four Tuscan columns with projecting bases. Northern (ritual western) end now blocked off and galleries removed. The two courtyards at the right and left of the building were originally exercise yards for the male and female debtors respectively. The semi-octagonal felons jail (now demolished) originally radiated from below the central bay with the governor's house in the right hand wing. The jail was thus the first in England to have been built on the overview principle advocated by John Howard in his State of the Prisons of 1780 and later by Jeremy Bentham in his publication Panopticon of 1791. Harrison also received direct advice on planning from the prison architect William Blackburn in 1784. M Dupin said of the building that "The Sessions House and Panoptic prison of Cheater are united in the same building which is most assuredly the handsomest of' this kind that is to be seen in Europe. The interior arrangements are well contrived and bespeak much regard for humanity. The architecture is equally simple and majestic". The Builder, Vol 21, p.204. The Assize Courts block, still little altered since Harrison's day, demonstrates his international stature as a Neo-classical architect and his obsessive perfectionism in the execution of a major commission.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: 43 NGR Number: SJ x-coord: 4049 y-coord: 6586 Zone: Outer Bailey Feature Name: Barrack Building, designated A Block and associated Provosts House Phase/Construction Date(s): Phase 7 (Harrison) Description: Barrack Building, designated A block: Barrack Block, designed by Thomas Harrison, now Regimental Museum of 22nd Cheshire Regiment. Two storey range facing Castle Square. Nine bays with projecting plinth supporting monolithic Greek Doric half-columns. Length facing Castle Square approximately 35 metres. Military Gaol / Provost House: To the rear of A Block Military Gaol, by Thomas Harrison, 1810. Two storeys, with a central wing and two side wings at approximately 45%. The building ceased to be used as a prison when the guardroom was constructed in the Upper Bailey. Listing details are shown below
Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability:
A Block Listed Building Grade I. Provost House: Grade II Conservation area protection. Externally generally good. Some localised areas of stone delamination International (as part of a group with nos. 41, 42, 44, 45, & 52). A Block: setting impaired by parking in Castle Square. Provost: Although the building is not part of the public ensemble created by Harrison, it is, nevertheless, an element in his overall conception of a civil and military complex and should be afforded the same Grade I protection. 1925 pp. 106-7: 1807 Act of Parliament authorised expansion over Gloverstone; A Block was erected in 1809-10. Gateway also erected. Description. pp. 117-8: Exchequer Court (east side) ceased to be used as a court and was transferred to War Dept. on 18/7/1892; converted to storeroom. p. 118: New Council Chamber erected in 1891. Contractor was Thomas Mayers. pp. 120-8: Restoration of A Block in 1920, including details of work carried out and finds. Bricked up passage discovered. 1804 Improvements Plan 1830 Ordnance Report
References: Simpson
Simpson
1925
Simpson Simpson PRO MPH 1/1162 PRO WO 55/2544
1925 1925
PRO WO 55/2741 1841 Ordnance Report PRO 55/2951 1851 Ordnance Report CRO QAB 2/2/1-19. Harrisons plans and drawings. Illustrations: Barracks and Court of Exchequer. Now regimental museum of 22nd Cheshire List Description: Regiment. Dated GIIIR 1810 on two rainwater heads. By Thomas Harrison of Chester. Cuyper sandstone ashlar from the Manley quarries and Bunter sandstone ashlar having slate roofs, with lead flashings. Two-storey ranges forming three sides of a rectangular courtyard with enclosing wall. Facade facing Castle Square: 9 bays with high projecting plinth supporting monolithic columns of Greek Doric form between bays and at the ends. These support a projecting plain entablature with parapet above resting on slightly projecting plinth and divided by projecting piers. Between the floors and set between the columns is a series of plain panels with moulded surrounds forming a decorated band. Central ground floor double doorway with doors of 3 panels each with rectangular overlights. Shouldered surround and pedimental overdoor supported by fluted consoles, which terminate in roundels. Ground floor sash windows to either side of 3 x 4 panes (as are all the ground floor windows of the block) with aedicular surrounds of compressed entablature supported by fluted consoles. First floor sash windows of 3 x 2 panes. Archway adjoining front at right and joining with lateral colonnade of Assize Courts block (q.v.) of rusticated stone with segmental Arch. Dentilled cornice and central panel to parapet with moulded surround. Left hand end: three bays. Central double doors with fanlight over and fluted consoles supporting overdoor. Sash windows to either side of 3 x 4 panes. Panel with moulded surround between floors. Three first floor windows of 3 x 2 panes. Entablature above with plain undivided parapet above. To the left of this is a slightly recessed block of three bays with two ground floor windows. Plain band between floors and three first floor windows. Ashlar wall to left of this with slightly projecting plinth and moulded cresting ramped at end nearest building. This wall continues forming a rectangular enclosure with a canted northern end. Gateway to centre of this northern end with slightly projecting surround and segmental head with voussoire and projecting springers. Right, hand end: three bays, ground floor windows of 3 x 4 panes, that at right originally a doorway. Panel with moulded surround between floors and entablature and parapet as before. First floor windows of 3 x 2 panes. To right are 4 slightly recessed bays. Door to third bay from left with rectangular overlight. Plain band between floors. To the right is the enclosing courtyard wall ramping up by the block. Double doors in this wall adjacent to block. Rear: ground floor of Bunter sandstone ashlar, upper floor of Cuyper sandstone. Six bays to centre with basement area below. Ground floor sash windows of 4 x 6 panes with doors to right and left. Similar windows to first floor with one of 3 x 4 panes to extreme left and one of 3 x 2 panes between the fourth and fifth bays. To either side are projecting wings of three inner-facing bays with ground floor sash windows of 4 x 6 panes to ground and first floors of right hand wing and one ground floor doorway to right of left hand wing with 2 sash windows to the first floor of 4 x 6 panes. To the left of this is an extension of 2 bays with blank walling to the ground floor and 2 sash windows of the 4 x 6 panes format to the first floor. Dated rainwater heads with plain downpipes to re-entrant angles of wings. Of major importance as an element in the composition formed of the Assize Court Block, Propylaea and A and B Blocks. Military Gaol. Dated on two rainwater heads GIIIR 1810. By Thomas Harrison of Chester. Sandstone ashlar (Bunter to ground floor and Cuyper to first floor) and slate roof with lead flashings. Two storeys. Central single bay with wings to either side extending at approximately 45 degrees. All stonework tooled vertically. Entrance front: slightly projecting plinth. Band extending across front at level of first floor window sills. Plain frieze and cornice with plain parapet above. Central doorway with bolt head decoration. First floor window above 3 x 5 panes. Downpipes to angles with dated rainwater heads at level of frieze. Bays to either side have sash windows of 3 x 5 panes to both floors, the first floor windows being horned. Ventilation grilles between windows in wings on both floors. Rear: Projecting
plinth. Doorway slightly to right of centre with wedge lintel. Blank window to first floor above. Ground floor windows to either side of 3 x 4 panes and 2 panes in larger surrounds. Wings both have sash windows of 3 x 5 panes to both storeys with blind windows to centres of both storeys. Ends both have single bays with blind windows to both storeys.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: 44 NGR Number: SJ x-coord: 4044 y-coord: Zone: Outer Bailey Feature Name: New Armoury, designated B Block, now known as Colvin House Phase/Construction Date(s): Phase 7 (Harrison) Description: Armoury, designed by Thomas Harrison. Two-storey range facing Castle Square. Nine bays with projecting plinth supporting monolithic Greek Doric half-columns. During the 1830s it was changed internally to accommodate officers and judges attending the Assizes. Length facing Castle Square approximately 35 metres. The block is named after Lieutenant Hugh Colvin VC, an officer in the Regiment during First World War.
6576
Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Ockrim Simpson
Listed Building Grade I. Conservation area protection. Externally generally good. Some localised areas of stone delamination. International (as part of a group with nos. 41, 42, 43, 45, & 52). Vacant, future use uncertain. 1988 1925 1925 p. 69: 1804 is the earliest mention of a new armoury. pp. 105-6: Description of building, Built to house 30,000 stand of arms, ordnance pieces and immense quantity of military stores. p. 110: rearrangement post 1830 for use by officers and judges. 1831 estimate of conversion of Armoury. 1804 Improvement Plan Ordnance Report Ordnance Report Ordnance Report Ordnance Report Ordnance Report Ordnance Report (described as Officers Barracks and Judges Quarters) Harrisons drawings and plans.
Simpson PRO WO 55/1886 PRO MPH 1/1162 PRO WO 55/2300 PRO MPH 1/1162 PRO WO 55/2459 PRO WO 55/2544 PRO WO 55/2741 PRO WO 55/2951
1806 1811 1821 1830 1841 1851
CRO QAB 2/2/1-19 Illustrations: Armoury now Officers Mess. 1804. By Thomas Harrison of Chester. Cuyper List Description: sandstone ashlar from the Manley quarries and Bunter sandstone ashlar with slate roots and lead flashings. Two storeys. Facade facing Castle Square: 9 bays with high projecting plinth supporting monolithic 1-columns of Greek Doric form between bays
and at the ends. These support a projecting plain entablature with parapet above resting on slightly projecting plinth and divided by projecting piers. Between the floors and set between the columns is a series of plain panels with moulded surrounds forming a sort of decorated band. Central ground floor double doorway with doors of 3 panels each with rectangular overlight. Moulded surround and pedimental overdoor supported on fluted consoles, which terminate in roundels. Ground floor sash windows to either side of 3 x 4 panes (as are all the ground floor windows of the block) here with aedicular surrounds of compressed entablature supported by fluted consoles. First floor sash windows of 3 x 2 panes. Arch way adjoining front at left and joining with lateral colonnade of Assize Courts Block (q.v.), of rusticated stone with segmental arch, dentilled cornice and central panel to parapet with moulded surround. Left hand side: 3 bays. Slightly projecting high plinth; panel between floors and entablature as at front. Central double ground floor doors with rectangular fanlight above and blank windows to either side. Central sash window to first floor of 3 x 3 panes with blank windows to either side. Right hand side of 3 bays with plinth, panel and entablature as at left. Blank central window with each windows to either side of 3 x 4 panes. First floor central window 3 x 2 sash panes with blank windows to either side. The front and side elevations were paid for by the county, the rear by the government. Of major importance as an element in the composition formed of the Assize Court Block, Propylaea and A and B Blocks.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: 45 NGR Number: SJ x-coord: 4040 y-coord: Zone: Outer Bailey Feature Name: Retaining walls and railings of semi-circular forecourt Phase/Construction Date(s): Phase 7 (Harrison) Description: By Thomas Harrison, c1811-13, forming a semicircular boundary to Castle Square. Hemingways illustration of 1831 supports Ockrims contention that the railings are original. Castle Square, now used as a car park, was originally a gravelled parade ground.
6584
Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Ockrim Simpson
Listed Building Grade II. Conservation area protection. Generally good. International (as part of a group with nos. 41, 42, 43, 44, & 52). None. 1988 1925 p. 71-2: Harrison instructed to build a fosse round the Castle Esplanade. Harrison provided still surviving railings. p. 109: conflict with Ockrim; Simpson states railings fitted in c1880 after fosse cleared of rubbish. He notes a low stone wall of 2ft 3ins height before. Ill. opposite p. 179. Harrisons drawings and plans.
Hemingway 1831 CRO QAB 2/3/22-31 Illustrations: Walls and railings. c.1811-1813. By Thomas Harrison of Chester. Ashlar and cast List Description: iron. Two circular walls with spurs to north and east, forming a semi-circular enclosure and area railing before 'B' block. Battered retaining wall to ditch with roll moulding below top. Rectangular piers with mouldings below tops. Cast iron railing panels each of three rectangles with imposed cross pattern.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: 46 NGR Number: SJ x-coord: 4055 Zone: Outer Bailey Feature Name: Gaol Phase/Construction Date(s): Phase 7 (Harrison) Description: By Thomas Harrison, 1786-c1792. Now demolished. A trapezium shaped building, housing prisoners in five blocks, each raised on arcades, below which were day rooms. The riverfront was heavily rusticated. See no. 42 for Governors House and Chapel. A tunnel, now blocked, led to the river and was the departure route for prisoners sentenced to deportation. A new building containing 52 cells and the matrons apartments was added by William Cole Jnr in 1832, and further alterations and additions were made in the mid-nineteenth century. A further new building designed by Robert Griffiths of Stafford was erected between 1867-70. This was probably a three-storey block containing 84 cells to the east of the governors house. The building ceased to be used as a prison in 1893 and was subsequently demolished. The site is now occupied by County Hall (19381957). Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Ockrim Simpson Simpson Hore Croom PRO MPH 1/1162 PRO WO 55/2544 CRO QAB 2/1 CRO QAB 2/6/64-5 CRO QAB 2/6/43-46 Illustrations: N/A Demolished N/A N/A 1983 1925 1925 1984 1996
y-coord:
6577
p. 57: general description. p. 117: Gaol taken over by Government in 1877, closed in 1884 as civilian gaol. p. 118: 1900-02, site of felons prison made into drill ground for local artillery. p. 23: Gaol demolished but no date given. Summary history 1804 Improvement Plan 1830 Ordnance Report Various Harrison plans and drawings 1898 plans for drill ground and gun sheds. Plans for alterations to Gaol, E Hodkinson, 1857, and R Griffiths.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: 49 NGR Number: SJ x-coord: 4046 Zone: Upper Bailey Feature Name: Barrack House, now known as Napier House Phase/Construction Date(s): Phase 8 Description: Built in 1830-2 to the design of Captain Kitson RE as a new armoury, following the conversion of Harrisons armoury block for use by officers and judges. The ground floor was intended as the armoury, with barrack accommodation on the upper two storeys. Both fronts are of eleven bays with two bay projections at each end. The south front is entered over a flying staircase from the Upper Bailey walkway. Internally little remains of the original Approximately 33 metres in length. Statutory protection: Condition: Significance:
y-coord:
6571
Listed Building Grade II. Conservation area protection. Externally good: Internally good but not of historic interest. Napier House is a good example of an 1830s army designed armoury and barracks and is of regional significance.
Vulnerability: References: PRO WO 44/193
PRO WO 55/2741 PRO WO 55/2951 Simpson
1925
1832 Memorial from Dee Bridge Commissioners requesting building be built of red stone rather than brick. Army agree subject to cost of 250 being reimbursed. 1841 Ordnance Report 1851 Ordnance Report p. 76. C1830: details of demolition of various structures and construction of B Block under the supervision of Capt. Kitson RE.
Illustrations: List Description:
Armoury and barracks, now offices. 1830. Bunter sandstone ashlar with slate roof and lead flashings. Three storeys. Central spinal corridor with barrack room to either side. North front: 11 bays with slight 2-bay projections to either end. Rusticated moulded string course between ground and first floors. Band between first and second floors with sunken panels and moulded surrounds. Central ground floor door with moulded surround, windows to either side of 3 x 2 sash panes and two sets of C20 double doors imposed at extreme right and 3rd bay from left. First floor windows of 4 x 6 panes and similar windows to second floor though of lesser height. Entablature above surmounted by a plain parapet with raised panel to centre. Left hand side: three bays, string courses, parapet and entablature an before, which continue around the building. Double C20 doors to ground floor left with sash windows of 3 x 2 panes to right. First and second floor central windows blocked; lateral windows of 4 x 6 panes as on north front. Right hand side:. three ground floor window surrounds all now blocked; the central one raised. Central first floor window also blocked with Bash windows of 4 x 6 panes to either side. South front: hard by the raised walkway of the Inner Bailey walls, which effectively place the ground floor in an area. Eleven bays with two-bay projections to either end as on north front. Double doors in moulded surround with rectangular overlight at first floor level approached by flying staircase rising from the raised walkway of the walls.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: 50 NGR Number: SJ x-coord: 4047 Zone: Upper Bailey Feature Name: Guard Room and cells Phase/Construction Date(s): Phases 7 through 9 Description: Guard room, 1846, now used as English Heritage exhibition, with adjacent cells, the latter constructed in 1878 (Simpson, 1925, p. 82). There were a number of changes during the nineteenth century to the external structures and internal arrangements of the group of buildings adjacent to Agricolas Tower. These can be traced on the Ordnance Reports detailed below.
y-coord:
6574
Statutory protection: Condition: Significance:
Not listed. Conservation area protection. Externally good. The cells are of interest as examples of changing military attitudes to corporal punishment. Architecturally the group is of local significance.
Vulnerability: Exhibition space has low public usage. References: Simpson 1925 pp. 81-2: new guard room erected in 1846. Simpson 1925 p.82: cells erected in 1878. Simpson 1925 p. 82: placing of large bell in 1922 PRO WO 55/2300 1806 Ordnance Report: shown as wagon shed. PRO MPH 1/1162 1811 Ordnance Report: shown as Artillery Shed. PRO WO 55/2459 1821 Ordnance Report. PRO WO 55/2544 1830 Ordnance Report: shown as single room. PRO WO 55/2741 1841 Ordnance Report: before rebuilding. PRO WO 55/2951 1851 Ordnance Report: shoes ramp to porch and Engine House. Illustrations:
GAZETTEER NUMBER: 52 NGR Number: SJ x-coord: 4046 Zone: Upper Bailey Feature Name: Entrance from Lower to Upper Bailey Phase/Construction Date(s): Phase 7 (Harrison) Description: Arch erected in 1807, gates date from 1817. For listing description, see no 44.
y-coord:
6576
Listed Building Grade I (included with B Block). Statutory protection: Conservation area protection. Generally good. Some localised areas of stone delamination. Condition: International (as B Block). Significance: Vulnerability: Narrow arch possible damage from vehicles. References: Simpson 1925 pp. 109-10. PRO WO 55/2300 1806 Ordnance Report. PRO MPH 1/1162 1811 Ordnance Report PRO WO 55/2459 1821 Ordnance Report. Illustrations:
GAZETTEER NUMBER: 53 NGR Number: SJ x-coord: Zone: Extra mural (Upper Bailey) Feature Name: Magazine Phase/Construction Date(s): Phase 7 Description: Approved in 1808 (PRO WO 44/55), built in 1810 and demolished c1830 (Simpson, 1925, p. 81) Trapezium shaped building approximately 30 metres long by 12 metres at its widest, placed immediately to the south of the Upper Bailey battery. A plan of 1821 (MPH 1/1162) shows it to have been a single storey, windowless building with five projecting buttresses. N/A Statutory protection: Demolished Condition: N/A Significance: Vulnerability: N/A References: PRO MPH 1/1162 PRO WO 55/2300 1806 PRO MPH 1/1162 1811 PRO WO 55/2459 1821 PRO WO 55/2544 1830 PRO MPH 1/1162 PRO WO 44/50 PRO WO 44/55 Simpson 1925 Simpson 1925 Illustrations:
4045
y-coord:
6568
1804 Improvement Plan Ordnance Report Ordnance Report Ordnance Report Ordnance Report 1821 plan and section 1820: Ordnance favour demolition. 1808: approval given for construction. p. 76: Removal in c1830 by Mr Wright p. 81: built in 1810, demolished c1830.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: 54 NGR Number: SJ x-coord: Zone: Extra mural (Upper Bailey) Feature Name: Fives Court Phase/Construction Date(s): Phase 8 Description: Erected during 1840s. Now demolished. No detailed plan, elevation or pictorial depiction has been located. Approximately 17 metres by 11 metres. N/A Statutory protection: Demolished Condition: N/A Significance: Vulnerability: N/A References: Simpson 1925 PRO WO 55/2951 Illustrations:
4049
y-coord:
6573
p. 85: refers to open ball alley, done away with about 1873. 1851 Ordnance Report.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: 55 NGR Number: SJ x-coord: Zone: Extra mural (Upper Bailey) Feature Name: Gun Shed Phase/Construction Date(s): Phase 8 Description: Approximately 14 metres by 8 metres. Presumably demolished when the Artillery Stores (no. 62) was built in c1878. No detailed plan, elevation or pictorial depiction has been located. N/A Statutory protection: Demolished Condition: N/A Significance: Vulnerability: N/A References: PRO WO 55/2951 1851 Illustrations: N/A List Description:
4048
y-coord:
6572
Ordnance Report
GAZETTEER NUMBER: 56 NGR Number: SJ x-coord: Zone: Upper Bailey Feature Name: Gun Shed Phase/Construction Date(s): Phase 8 Description: Approximately 14 metres by 6 metres. Date of demolition unknown. No detailed plan, elevation or pictorial depiction has been located. N/A Statutory protection: Demolished Condition: N/A Significance: Vulnerability: N/A References: PRO WO 55/2741 1841 PRO WO 55/2951 1851 Illustrations: N/A List Description:
4047
y-coord:
6573
Ordnance Report. Ordnance Report; not specifically identified.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: 57 NGR Number: SJ x-coord: Zone: Upper Bailey Feature Name: Toilet Block Phase/Construction Date(s): Phase 8 Description: Brick 20th Century Toilet Block now disused.
4048
y-coord:
6574
Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Illustrations: List Description:
Not listed Fair None
N/A
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: SJ Zone: Upper Bailey Feature Name: Tank Phase/Construction Date(s): Description: No details known
58 x-coord:
4046
y-coord:
6573
Phase 8
N/A Statutory protection: No visible remains. Condition: N/A Significance: Vulnerability: N/A References: PRO WO 55/2459 1821 Ordnance Report PRO WO 55/2741 1841 Ordnance Report PRO WO 55/2951 1851 Ordnance Report Illustrations: N/A List Description:
GAZETTEER NUMBER: 59 NGR Number: SJ x-coord: Zone: Upper Bailey Feature Name: Engine Shed Phase/Construction Date(s): Phase 8 Description: Approximately 3 metres by 4 metres. No detailed plan, elevation or pictorial depiction has been located. N/A Statutory protection: Demolished Condition: N/A Significance: Vulnerability: N/A References: PRO WO 55/2544 1830 Illustrations: N/A List Description:
4044
y-coord:
6571
Ordnance Report
GAZETTEER NUMBER: 60 NGR Number: SJ x-coord: 4044 Zone: Upper Bailey Feature Name: Ash Pit Phase/Construction Date(s): Phase 8 Description: Approximately 5 metres by 4 metres N/A Statutory protection: No visible surface remains. Condition: N/A Significance: Vulnerability: N/A References: PRO WO 55/2741 1841 Ordnance Report PRO WO 55/2951 1851 Ordnance Report Illustrations: N/A List Description:
y-coord:
6571
amp2
GAZETTEER NUMBER: 61 NGR Number: SJ x-coord: Zone: Extra mural (Upper Bailey) Feature Name: Officers Stables Phase/Construction Date(s): Phase 8 Description: The Officers Stables was approximately 9 metres by 5 metres. No detailed plan, elevation or pictorial depiction has been located. N/A Statutory protection: Demolished Condition: N/A Significance: Vulnerability: N/A References: Simpson 1925 PRO WO 55/2741 1841 PRO WO 55/2951 1851 Illustrations: N/A List Description:
4049
y-coord:
6570
p. 85: probably demolished in c1885. Ordnance Report Ordnance Report
GAZETTEER NUMBER: 62 NGR Number: SJ x-coord: Zone: Extra mural (Upper Bailey) Feature Name: Artillery Store Phase/Construction Date(s): Phase 9 Description: Artillery Store, erected c1878, now County Council Stores. Single and two storeys of rusticated ashlar. Overall length approximately 52 metres.
4049
y-coord:
6572
Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Simpson Illustrations: List Description:
Listed Building Grade II. Conservation area protection. Externally generally sound. Local. None specific. 1925 p. 86: erected about 1878, then becoming a dining hall and gymnasium.
Artillery stores now County Council stores. Mid C19. Bunter sandstone rusticated ashlar. Single and two storeys. Eastern front: Gun stores to left. Five arched entrances with ashlar voussoirs joining flat-topped arches. Later low recessed walls to each arch with metal window frames above. Five cash windows to first floor of 4 x 4 panes, that at centre wider and originally forming a loft door. Recessed single bay to left with sash windows of 4 x 6 panes to first floor and 2-light casement to ground floor. Single storey portion to left again of 4 bays with 2-light casement windows and battlemented parapet. C20 brick addition at left. To the right of this is a projecting gabled portion. Two ground floor double doorways with cambered arches with voussoire and central round-arched hoist-door to first floor centre with 3 C20 singlelight windows to left. C20 corrugated iron cladding to gable.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: 63 NGR Number: x-coord: Zone: West side of ditch Feature Name: Wooden huts for extra accommodation. Phase/Construction Date(s): Phase 9 Description: Temporary structure, exact site not determined. Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Simpson Illustrations: List Description: N/A Demolished N/A N/A 1925
y-coord:
p. 87: erection started c1880, but taken down before completion following protest.
N/A
GAZETTEER NUMBER: 64 NGR Number: SJ x-coord: Zone: Extra mural (Upper Bailey) Feature Name: Miniature Rifle Range Phase/Construction Date(s): Phase 9 Description: Single storey, located at extreme east end of ditch. Prefabricated building, moved to the site in the early 1920s in place of the previously open range, Still in use as a rifle range. Approximately 36 metres by 6 metres. No detailed plan, elevation or depiction has been located.
4051
y-coord:
6574
Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Simpson Illustrations: List Description:
Not listed. Conservation area protection. Fair. Limited, but relatively few rifle ranges of this period are still extant and in use. Future Use uncertain. 1925 N/A p. 87: erected 1921.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: 65 NGR Number: SJ x-coord: 4048 Zone: Upper Bailey Feature Name: Fire engine shed in front of Agricolas Tower. Phase/Construction Date(s): Phase 7/8 Description: No detailed plan, elevation or pictorial depiction has been located. Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Simpson N/A Demolished. N/A N/A 1925 1841 1851
y-coord:
6573
PRO WO 55/2741 PRO WO 55/2951 Illustrations: N/A List Description:
p. 88: removed in March 1921 and new shed built on west side adjoining guard room. Ordnance Report Ordnance Report
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: SJ Zone: Upper Bailey Feature Name: Old Mint Phase/Construction Date(s): Description:
66 x-coord:
4043
y-coord:
6575
[Phase to be determined]
See Gazetteer Number 9 (Frobishers House) Description. Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Ellis Illustrations: List Description:
1996 N/A
p. 36: internal walls put-in in 1893.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: 67 NGR Number: SJ x-coord: Zone: Outer Bailey Feature Name: Statue of Queen Victoria Phase/Construction Date(s): Phase 9 Description: Bronze statue on a pedestal, designed by F W Pomeroy. Granite pedestal by Hanswell & Sons, Chester. Two plaques, unveiled in 1989 by the Prince of Wales, celebrate 300 years of the Cheshire Regiment and 100 years of Chester County Council. Listing details follow this entry.
4047
y-coord:
6581
Listed Grade II. Statutory protection: Conservation area protection. Good. Condition: Local. Significance: Vulnerability: Setting impaired by extent of Parking in Castle Square. References: Chester Corporation n/d p. 62 Guide Book Illustrations: Statue on pedestal. Dated on base of statue with sculptors name F W POMEROY List Description: 1903. Bronze with ashlar plinth by Harry Beswick. Square base on two steps with moulded plinth inscribed THIS STATUE WAS ERECTED IN HONOUR OF / A GOOD AND BELOVED QUEEN / AND IN GRATEFUL REMEMBRANCE OF HER LONG AND GRACIOUS REIGN / BY HER MAJESTY'S LOYAL SUBJECTS / IN THE COUNTY AND CITY OF CHESTER / AD 1903. Base has Royal coat of arms to front and the Chester City and Earl of Chesters Arms to left and right respectively with cypher VR. intertwined to rear. Cornice above. Statue shows Queen in coronation robes with orb and sceptre, lace head-dress and Imperial crown.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: 68 NGR Number: SJ x-coord: 4043 y-coord: Zone: Upper Bailey Feature Name: Soldiers cook house, barrack store and storekeepers quarters Phase/Construction Date(s): Phases 5 through 9 Description: A range of buildings adjacent to the Flag Tower and the Half Moon Tower. Now demolished. The internal use and layout was subject to frequent change. Most of the buildings were demolished in 1982, having been unused since 1954. A detailed account of the archaeological work undertaken on the site is contained in Peter Ellis and Others, Excavations at Chester, Chester, 1996. N/A Statutory protection: Demolished Condition: N/A Significance: Vulnerability: N/A References: PRO WO 55/2300 1806 PRO WO 55/2459 1821 PRO WO 55/2544 1830 PRO WO 55/2741 1841 PRO WO 55/2951 1851 PRO MPH 44/55 Ellis 1996 Illustrations: N/A List Description:
6572
Ordnance Report Ordnance Report Ordnance Report Ordnance Report Ordnance Report c1820 plan.
GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: SJ Zone: Upper Bailey Feature Name: Tank Phase/Construction Date(s): Description: No information located.
69 x-coord:
4047
y-coord:
6573
Phase 8
N/A Statutory protection: No extant surface remains. Condition: N/A Significance: Vulnerability: N/A References: PRO WO 55/2951 1851 Ordnance Report. Illustrations: N/A List Description:
GAZETTEER NUMBER: 70 NGR Number: SJ x-coord: Zone: Extra mural (Upper Bailey) Feature Name: Squash Court Phase/Construction Date(s): Phase 9 Description: Date of construction (C20) unknown.
4051
y-coord:
6573
Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Illustrations: List Description:
Conservation area protection. Externally fair. Minimal.
N/A
GAZETTEER NUMBER: 71 NGR Number: SJ x-coord: 4041 Zone: Extra mural (Castle Drive) Feature Name: Scale model of the Grosvenor Bridge. Phase/Construction Date(s): Phase 8. Description: Sandstone scale model of Grosvenor Bridge, erected 1832, 1 metre high and 2.5 metres across, made to Thomas Harrisons specification.
y-coord:
6587
Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Illustrations:
Listed Grade II. Conservation area protection. Generally good. Local. Within a public space unsupervised.

Chester Castle Conservation Plan Vol II

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Chester Castle Conservation Plan Vol II

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CHESTER CASTLE

Existing Buildings: Gazetteer Numbers

List Description: Plans: G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7

NB. Gazetteer entries 47, 48 and 51 have been deleted.

Demolished / Buried Buildings and Structures

Em OB UB OB Em (UB) Em UB UB UB UB OB UB OB West side of ditch

TITLE: Gazetteer Reference (All Periods)

TITLE: Gazetteer Reference (Existing Buildings)

TITLE: Periods of Construction

TITLE: Chester Castle Plan 1745

TITLE: Chester Castle 1745 Plan overlaid on Existing Building

TITLE: Chester Castle Existing Buildings Plan/Period of Construction

TITLE: Archaeology (Recent Investigation)

1 x-coord: 4046 y-coord: 6580

Phase/Construction Date(s): Description: Historical:

Moses Griffith: Watercolour (1747-1819). Housed in the Grosvenor Museum.

2 x-coord: 340453 y-coord: 365780

Phase/Construction Date(s): Description: Speculative:

Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability:

Illustrations: List Descriptions:

Lavaux: Plan of Chester Castle (c.1745). Housed in the Military museum.

3 x-coord: 4047 y-coord: 6575

Phase/Construction Date(s): Description: Historical:

Condition: Significance Vulnerability: References: Colvin, H M (ed) Cox, E W Simpson, F SMR

1963 1895 1925 1988

Illustrations: List Descriptions:

GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: SJ Upper bailey

4 x-coord: 4045 y-coord: 6576

Guard or Square Tower (site of) Phase 2

Phase/Construction Date(s): Description: Historical:

Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Cox, E W Simpson, F SMR

1895 1925 1988

Illustrations: List Descriptions:

5 x-coord: 4043 y-coord: 6575

Phase/Construction Date(s): Description: Current:

Significance: Vulnerability: References: Ellis, P et al Simpson, F SMR

1996 1925 1988

Illustrations: List Descriptions:

6 x-coord: 4043 y-coord: 6573

Phase/Construction Date(s): Description: Historical:

Illustrations: List Descriptions:

Phase/Construction Date(s): Description: Historical:

Significance: Vulnerability: References: Simpson, F

Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26: 72.

Illustrations: List Descriptions:

8 x-coord: 340441 y-coord: 365758

Phase/Construction Date(s): Description: Historical:

Illustrations: List Descriptions:

Structural sequence of plans in Ellis, 1996: 16-17

GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: SJ Upper bailey

9 x-coord: 340445 y-coord: 365763

Frobishers House / Stores and Store Keepers House Phase 5

Phase/Construction Date(s): Description: Historical:

Illustrations: List Descriptions:

GAZETTEER NUMBER: NGR Number: Zone: Feature Name: Upper bailey

10 x-coord: 340439 y-coord: 365750

Carpenters workshop (site of) Phase 5

Phase/Construction Date(s): Description: Historical:

Statutory protection: Condition: Significance: Vulnerability: References: Simpson, F

Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society 26: 73.

Illustrations: List Descriptions:

11 x-coord: 340428 y-coord: 365724

Phase/Construction Date(s): Description: Historical: