Neural Computing & Applications manuscript No.

(will be inserted by the editor)

A Writing a Scientic Paper in L TEX

Ahmad Lot

Received date Accepted: date

Abstract In the previous tutorial, you have learnt how A to work with L TEX. In this tutorial you write your rst A scientic paper in L TEXin just under 10 minutes. We will use the class le provided by the publisher to format our document. Simply by changing the rst line of your earlier le, we should have a paper formatted as required by the publisher. Please feel free to use this document and simply steal from this document! More information available from [1], [2].

A L TEXis an excellent package to deal with equations and graphics.

2 What Do I Need?
A A To start working with L TEX, you will need L TEXcompiler and a text editor!

1 Introduction In the previous tutorial, you have learnt how to work A with L TEX. In this tutorial you write your rst scientic A paper in L TEXin just under 10 minutes. We will use the class le provided by the publisher to format our document. Simply by changing the rst line of your earlier le, we should have a paper formatted as required by the publisher. \documentclass[twocolumn]{svjour3}
A L TEX(pronounced La-Tech) is a document markup language and document preparation system for the A TeX typesetting program. L TEXis a exible typesetting package. Various fonts and sizes of font are available. For example typewriter, italic, emphasised, san serif, bold as well as the default roman. Combinations of some are possible emphasised san serif, for example.

A 2.1 L TEXCompiler A To convert your L TEXsource le, you will need a comA piler to make real documents out of your L TEXsource A le. MiKTeX is a free L TEXcompiler for windows and its installation is extremely simple. LaTeX compiler produces so called DVI le or PDF which can be then inspected and printed by YAP viewer or Adobe Reader. Download the package from: http://miktex.org/2.9/ setup

A 2.2 L TEXEditor A You will also need a L TEXEditor to write your text in, because you cannot just write it in MS Word or OpenOce Writer and compile it from there. Just to set A the record straight, L TEXis a markup language, which uses commands to make your text look bold, coloured or any other text alignments you want to put it in. Assuming that you are using Windows, you might want to TeXnicCenter available from: http://www.texniccenter.org/resources/downloads

Ahmad Lot School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK E-mail: ahmad.lot@ntu.ac.uk

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A 3 Producing a LaTeX L TEXDocument

3.3 Spaces, Gaps, Breaks, etc.

The rst line of the input le should normally consist of Sometimes you want to over-ride the default formatan appropriate \documentclass command. If an article ting in various ways. Here are a few common exam(or similar document) is to be produced on A4 paper, ples. If you leave a blank line between two lines of text A and if the main body of the text is to be set with a font L TEXassumes that you want a new paragraph and inwhose natural size is 12 point, then the appropriate dents accordingly. \documentclass command is: Sometimes you dont want this indentation and the \documentclass[a4,12pt]{article} \noindent command is useful. Sometimes you may want Other forms of the \documentclass command can to be used for letters, reports or books. If 12pt is omitted break a line in a dierent place to the default in which from the \documentclass command (with the precedcase use \\ to insert a line break. ing comma), then the document will be set in a 10 \pagebreak will start a new page. point size. One may also replace 12pt with 11pt. After the \documentclass command and these other 4 Equations optional commands, we place the command \begin{document} . This command is then followed by the main body of the A The real beauty of L TEXis equations. For inline equatext, in the format prescribed by the rules of LaTeX. tions like, (x1 , x2 ) = 2x1 + 2x2 , simply insert the inFinally, we end the input le with a line containing the structions dening the equation between single $ signs. command \end{document}. A If you want a display equation without a number put Your rst L TEXle could be something like this: the instructions between $$s like this: \documentclass[a4,12pt]{article} \begin{document} (x1 , x2 ) = 2x1 + 2x2 Hello World. \end{document} If you want an equation to have a number then you 3.1 Document Classes The way your document will look and be structured depends on the \documentclass command at the top of the le. Useful classes are: letter, article, for reports and journal articles and book for theses and books. For a specic publication, if you are given a document class, then replace the documentclass name to your class le. 3.2 Sections Articles are usually structured into sections, and books into chapters and chapter sections. To create a new section use \section{Section Title}. Subsection or Sub-sub-section can also be used. Sections can be cross referenced, if you \label them. For example the Introduction is section 1 in this document. If you prefer a section without a number, then you should use * after the section i.e. \section*{Title}. \documentclass[a4,12pt]{article} \begin{document} \section{Introduction} Hello World.\\ \section{More Text} More Text here. \end{document} (af1 + bf2 ) (x) := af1 (x) + bf2 (x) = xt (a1 + b2 ). or with numbering like this: (n, T ) = B (n, T ) (n, T ) = { | = X,
nT

need to use begin{equation} and \end{equation} for example

M x dx

(1)

Numbered equations like equation (1) can be referenced using \ref. Multi-line equations (without numbering) are produced like this:

(2) } { | i = j }

Often you may want something like this: f (xi ) = ( + 1)x i 0 < xi < 1 0 otherwise

the large { is achieved using the bracketing commands \left and \right along with the null bracket symbol ..

(a) Rectangle

Fig. 1: Figure Caption.

(b) Circle

5 Figures Fig. 2: Image caption. a) Rectangle, b) Circle. You will need to include gures. It is best to use .jpg, .eps or .pdf les. Save images in a folder and include them into your document. \begin{figure}[h] \centering \includegraphics[width=8cm]{images/image1} \caption{Figure Caption.} \label{fig:image1} \end{figure} You can control size of gure and by adding a label, they can be referenced any any point. Figure 1 is saved in folder images. Before using \includegraphics you should add graphics package. To add a package, add the following line after \documentclass. \documentclass[a4,12pt]{article} \usepackage{graphicx,epsfig,subfig} \begin{document} Hello World. \end{document} To add sub-gures use the following format which and the results are shown in Figure 2. Should use the \begin{itemize} command to start a bulleted list. Should use the \item command to add items to the list. Should use the \end{itemize} command to end a bulleted list. Numbered lists can be useful and use \begin{enumerate} and \end{enumerate} to generate the list. 1. the rst item. 2. the second item. 3. the third item and possibly some sub-items. (a) examination questions. (b) algorithms. (c) er.

8 Including Computer Code Computer code represents a special problem, because it often uses characters that have a special meaning in Table 1: Orbits of Sn in 3 (with n > 3) and in 4 (with n > 4) Orbits in 3 type multiplicity 1 3 1 Orbits in 4 Orbit type multiplicity {(i, i)} 1 {(i, j )} 4 {(i, j )} 3 {(i, i)} 6 {(i, l)} 1 Total 15

6 Tables Nicely placed tables with captions, numbers and labels like table 1, can be produced with \begin{table} and \end{table}. Orbit {(i)} {(i)} {(i)}

7 Lists Total Devotees of the bullet point: 5

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A L TEXand is often carefully laid out in a way that the author does not want messed around by automatic text processing.

\usepackage{natbib} \bibpunct{(}{)}{;}{a}{,}{,} 2. Replace \cite with \citep or \citet. 3. Add the following to the end of your document. \bibliographystyle{plainnat} % or abbrvnat or unsrtnat \bibliography{myBib} 10 Misc. A table of contents can be inserted anywhere with the command \tableofcontents. You can also use: \listoffigures or \listoftables. References
1. Wikipedia, Latex Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2010, [Online; accessed 15-Dec-2010]. 2. Wikibooks http://upload.wikimedia.org/ wikipedia/commons/2/ 2d/LaTeX.pdf, Latex, 2010, [Online; accessed 15-Dec2010]. 3. M. J. Akhlaghinia, A. Lot, C. Langensiepen, and N. Sherkat, A fuzzy predictor model for the occupancy prediction of an intelligent inhabited environment, in 2008 IEEE 16th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), Piscataway, NJ, USA, 1-6 June 2008 2008, pp. 93946, IEEE. 4. M. J. Akhlaghinia, A. Lot, C. Langensiepen, and N. Sherkat, Occupancy monitoring in intelligent environment through integrated wireless localizing agents, in 2009 IEEE Symposium on Intelligent Agents, Piscataway, NJ, USA, 30 March-2 April 2009 2009, p. 7, IEEE. 5. M. J. Akhlaghinia, A. Lot, C. Langensiepen, and N. Sherkat, Occupant behaviour prediction in ambient intelligence computing environment, International Journal of Uncertain Systems, 2008. 6. M. J. Akhlaghinia, A. Lot, C. Langensiepen, and N. Sherkat, A fuzzy predictor model for the occupancy prediction of an intelligent inhabited environment, in IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI2008), Hong Kong, 1-6 June 2008. 7. M. J. Akhlaghinia, Ahmad Lot, Caroline Langensiepen, and Nasser Sherkat, Single-occupancy simulator for ambient intelligent environment, Journal of Internet Technology, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 333338, 2008, Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.; undened; undened; undened; undened; undened. 8. M. J. Akhlaghinia, Ahmad Lot, Caroline Langensiepen, and Nasser Sherkat, Occupancy simulator for a single-occupant ambient intelligent environment, in 2008 7th IEEE International Conference on Cybernetic Intelligent Systems, CIS 2008, September 9, 2008 - September 10, London, United kingdom, 2008 2008, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom, Inst. of Elec. and Elec. Eng. Computer Society, Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.; T3: 2008 7th IEEE International Conference on Cybernetic Intelligent Systems, CIS 2008; undened; undened; undened; undened.

9 Bibliography and references Quite nice bibliography creating facilities are available using the BibTex program. Basically you create a separate le (mybib.bib) containing all your references, cite them using \cite{ref1} in the document using standard commands and then place a command at the end of you document to create the reference list - only references that you actually cited will appear on this list. For example a few references added here [3], [4]. To create a bib le, use your RefWorks and export references in BibTex format. You can format your references using dierent publishers style. You need a bst le and you have to replace the default plain style with the publisher bibliography style le.

9.1 Harvard Citation Style If you want to use citation styles other than numerical, then you need an extra package. The rst job is to add the following to your preamble in order to get Latex to use the Natbib package: \usepackage{natbib} Also, you need to change the bibliography style le to be used, so edit the appropriate line at the bottom of the le so that it reads: \bibliographystyle{plainnat}. Once done, it is basically a matter of altering the existing \cite commands to display the type of citation you want. \citet{lotfi09} for Lotfi et al. (2009) \citep{lotfi09} for (Lotfi et al., 2009) \citet*{lotfi09} for Lotfi & Langensiepen (2009) The main commands simply add a t for textual or p for parenthesised, to the basic \cite command. You will also notice how Natbib by default will compress references with three or more authors to the more concise 1st surname et al version. By adding an asterisk (*), you can override this default and list all authors associated with that citation. There is a command called \bibpunct that can be used to override the defaults and change certain settings. \bibpunct{(}{)}{;}{a}{,}{,} In summary, you need to add the following: 1. Add the following to your preamble of your tex le.

5 9. H. C. Andersen, A. Lot, and A. C. Tsoi, A new approach to adaptive fuzzy control: the controller output error method, 1997, ID: 3. 10. H. C. Andersen, A. Lot, and L. C. Westphal, Comments on functional equivalence between radial basis function networks and fuzzy inference systems [and reply], Neural Networks, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 15291532, 1998. 11. F. Fassihi-Tash and A. Lot, Application of soft computing in design optimisation of plastic extruder screws, in Third Joint Conference on Information Sciences (FTT97), March 1997, vol. 1, pp. 303306. 12. M. Howarth and A. Lot, Adaptive fuzzy control of solder paste printing: the identication of deposit defects, in Twenty-Fourth IEEE/CPMT Electronics Manufacturing Technology Symposium, October 1999, pp. 102107. 13. J. B. Hull and A. Lot, Automatic identication of polymer, in International Conference on Applied Mechanics (SACAM2000), January 2000. 14. J. B. Hull and A. Lot, Identication of dierent polymer types by broadband ultrasound attenuation analysis, in 8th International Scientic Conference Achievements in Mechanical and Material Engineering, October 1999. 15. H. O. Latif, N. Sherkat, and A. Lot, Telegaze: Teleoperation through eye gaze, in 7th IEEE International Conference on Cybernetic Intelligent Systems, Piscataway, NJ, USA, 9-10 Sept. 2008 2008, Sch. of Sci. Technol., Nottingham Trent Univ., Nottingham, UK, CIS 2008, p. 6, IEEE, M1: Copyright 2009, The Institution of Engineering and Technology; T3: CIS 2008. 7th IEEE International Conference on Cybernetic Intelligent Systems; undened; undened; undened; undened; undened; undened; undened; undened; undened. 16. H. O. Latif, N. Sherkat, and A. Lot, Remote control of mobile robots through human eye gaze: the design and evaluation of an interface, in Unmanned/Unattended Sensors and Sensor Networks V, USA, 16 Sept. 2008 2008, Sch. of Sci. Technol., Nottingham Trent Univ., Nottingham, UK, vol. 7112, p. 71120X (9 pp.), SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, M1: Copyright 2008, The Institution of Engineering and Technology; T3: Proc. SPIE - Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. (USA); undened; undened; undened; undened; undened; undened; undened; undened; undened; undened; undened; undened; undened; undened; undened. 17. A. Lot, Complexity management in fuzzy systems: A rule base compression approach, alexander gegov, 2008. 18. A. Lot, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Recent Advances in Soft Computing, 16-18, December 2004. 19. A. Lot, Application of fuzzy inference systems in electricity load forecast, EUNITE worldwide competition on electricity load forecast using intelligent techniques. September 2002. 20. A. Lot, Fuzzy rules objective function and its feasible solutions in model optimization, in European Symposium on Intelligent Technologies, Hybrid Systems and their implementation on Smart Adaptive Systems (eunite 2001), 13-14 December 2001, p. 70. 21. A. Lot, Learning Fuzzy Rule-Based Systems, pp. 206222, Fuzzy Learning and Applications. CRC Press, USA, December 1999. 22. A. Lot, H. C. Andersen, and A. C. Tsoi, Matrix formulation of fuzzy rule-based systems, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part B, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 332340, 1996, ID: 1. 23. A. Lot, H. C. Andersen, and A. C. Tsoi, Interpretation preservation of adaptive fuzzy inference systems, International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 37994, 11 1996, M1: Copyright 1997, IEE. 24. A. Lot, H. C. Andersen, and A. C. Tsoi, Towards matrix formulation of fuzzy rule-based systems, pp. 146149, Soft Computing: Rough Sets, Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks, Uncertainty Management, and Knowledge Discovery. 1995. 25. A. Lot, H. C. Andersen, and A. C. Tsoi, Constrained adaptive fuzzy inference systems, in International Discourse on Fuzzy Logic and the Management of Complexity (FLAMOC96), December 1995, vol. 2. 26. A. Lot, H. C. Andersen, and A. C. Tsoi, Towards matrix formulation of fuzzy rule-based systems, in Third International Workshop on Rough Sets and Soft Computing (RSSC94), November 1994, pp. 252260. 27. A. Lot and Jonathon M. Garibaldi, Applications and Science in Soft Comuting, Series, Advances in Soft Computing. Springer, 2004. 28. A. Lot, Jonathon M. Garibaldi, and Robert John, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Recent Advances in Soft Computing, 12-13, December 2002. 29. A. Lot and M. Howarth, An intelligent closed-loop control of solder paste stencil printing, in Twenty-Third IEEE/CPMT Electronics Manufacturing Technology Symposium, October 1998, pp. 8791. 30. A. Lot and M. Howarth, Industrial application of fuzzy systems; adaptive fuzzy control of solder paste stencil printing, International Journal of Information Sciences, vol. 107, no. 1-4, pp. 273285, 1998. 31. A. Lot and M. Howarth, An Intelligent Closed-Loop Control of Solder Paste Stencil Printing Stage of Surface Mount Technology, Nottingham Trent University,Library & Information Services, Nottingham, August 1998. 32. A. Lot and M. Howarth, Intelligent learning control of stencil printing, in World Automation Congress (WAC98), 1998, vol. 8, pp. 323328. 33. A. Lot and M. Howarth, Comparison of optimisation techniques with a fuzzy rule-based objective function, in Workshop on Recent Advances in Soft Computing, July 1998, pp. 346352. 34. A. Lot and M. Howarth, Fuzzy rule-based systems with non-interactive model, International Journal of Information Sciences, vol. 99, no. 3-4, pp. 219234, July 1997. 35. A. Lot and M. Howarth, Experimental design with fuzzy levels, International Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, vol. 8 no. 6, no. 6, pp. 525532, December 1997. 36. A. Lot, M. Howarth, and J. B. Hull, Orthogonal fuzzy rulebased systems: Selection of optimum rules, Neural Computing & Applications, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 411, 2000. 37. A. Lot, M. Howarth, and J. B. Hull, Orthogonal fuzzy rule-based systems: Selection of optimum rules for modelling and control, in Fifth UK Workshop on Fuzzy Systems, 1998, vol. 2, pp. 6368. 38. A. Lot, M. Howarth, and P. D. Thomas, Orthogonal fuzzy model of the solder paste printing stage of surface mount technology, in Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, July 1997, vol. 3, pp. 1433 1437 vol.3. 39. A. Lot, M. Howarth, and P. D. Thomas, Non-interactive model for fuzzy rule-based systems, in Fourth European Congress on Intelligent Techniques and Soft Computing (EUFIT96), September 1996, vol. 1, pp. 597601. 40. A. Lot and J. B. Hull, Development of a smart technique in plastic identication independent of the components dimensions, in IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Measurement Systems and Applications (CIMSA03), Piscataway, NJ, USA, 29-31 July 2003, pp. 223226, IEEE. 41. A. Lot and J. B. Hull, Indirect learning fuzzy controller, Soft Computing Techniques and Applications. Physica-Verlag, Germany, 2000.

6 42. A. Lot and J. B. Hull, Using intelligent techniques in identication of dierent plastic types, in 2nd International Conference on Identication in Engineering Systems, March 1999, pp. 135140. 43. A. Lot and J. B. Hull, Indirect learning fuzzy controllers, in Workshop on Recent Advances in Soft Computing, July 1999. 44. A. Lot and J. B. Hull, Forecasting of vibrational signals using intelligent techniques, in 6th UK Workshop on Fuzzy Systems, September 1999, pp. 153158. 45. A. Lot and J. B. Hull, Interpretation preservation of fuzzy systems, in 13th European Conference on Articial Intelligence Workshop on Synthesis of Intelligent Agent Systems from Experimental Data, August 1998. 46. A. Lot, J. B. Hull, E. Lai, and M. Howarth, Intelligent techniques in condition monitoring based on forecasting of vibrational signals, International Journal of Condition Monitoring & Diagnostic Engineering Management, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 510, 04 1999, M1: Copyright 1999, IEE. 47. A. Lot, M. Mitchell, M. Howarth, and P. D. Thomas, Industrial application of fuzzy systems; part i; fuzzy feature extraction and defect classication of stencil printing, in Third Joint Conference on Information Sciences (FTT97), March 1997, vol. 1, pp. 295298. 48. A. Lot, M. Mitchell, M. Howarth, and P. D. Thomas, Industrial application of fuzzy systems; part ii; fuzzy model identication and control of stencil printing, in Third Joint Conference on Information Sciences (FTT97), March 1997, vol. 1, pp. 299302. 49. A. Lot and L. P. Tan, An alternative control methodology to complex system: Fuzzy supervisory indirect learning predictive controller, in IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI2006), 16-21 July 2006, pp. 17291736. 50. A. Lot and A. C. Tsoi, Learning fuzzy inference systems using an adaptive membership function scheme, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part B, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 326331, 1996, ID: 2. 51. A. Lot and A. C. Tsoi, Importance of membership functions: a comparative study on dierent learning methods for fuzzy inference systems, in Third IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, June 1994, vol. 3, pp. 17911796 vol.3. 52. A. Lot and A. C. Tsoi, Redundant rule elimination using an adaptive membership function scheme through expert knowledge and exemplars, in Australia and New Zealand conference on Intelligent Information Systems (ANZIIS93), December 1993, pp. 448452. 53. A. Lot and A. C. Tsoi, Adaptive membership function scheme for fuzzy inference systems, in First Asian Fuzzy Systems Symposium, November 1993, pp. 626636. 54. Sawsan M. Mahmoud, Ahmad Lot, Nasser Sherkat, Caroline Langensiepen, and Taha Osman, Echo state network for occupancy prediction and pattern mining in intelligent environment, in Intelligent Environments 2009; Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Intelligent Environments, Vic Callaghan, Achilles Kameas, and Angelica Reyes, Eds. 20-21 July 2009, vol. 2 of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments, pp. 474481, IOS Press. 55. Kalpesh Mistry, Jacques Sirot, Amin Al-habaibeh, and A. Lot, An intelligent embeded robotic system suppoted by bluetooth connectivity for exible operation, in 5th International Conference on Recent Advances in Soft Computing, 16-18 December 2004, pp. 590598. 56. L. P. Tan, A. Lot, and E. Lai, Design and application of a fuzzy supervisory indirect learning predictive control on a polymer extrusion process, in 5th International Conference on Recent Advances in Soft Computing, 16-18 December 2004, pp. 636641. L. P. Tan, A. Lot, and E. Lai, Development and application of a fuzzy supervisory indirect learning predictive control, in European Symposium of Intelligent Technologies, Hybrid Systems and their implementation on Smart Adaptive Systems (eunite 2003), 10-11 July 2003 2003, pp. 346 352. L. P. Tan, A. Lot, and E. Lai, Distributed parameter system identication through semi-physical model structure, in 18th National Conference on Manufacturing Research; Advances in Manufacturing Technology, 10-12 September 2002, vol. 16, pp. 539546, ID: 6; RP: NOT IN FILE; 10; M2: Leeds. L. P. Tan, A. Lot, and E. Lai, Hybrid soft computing methods in semi-physical polyjer extrusion model identication, in European Symposium on Intelligent Technologies, Hybrid Systems and their implementation on Smart Adaptive Systems (eunite 2002), 19-21 September 2002, pp. 652656. L. P. Tan, A. Lot, and E. Lai, Hybrid technique in dynamic model identication of ploymer extrusion process, in 4th International Conference on Recent Advances in Soft Computing, 12-13 December 2002, pp. 362367. L. P. Tan, A. Lot, E. Lai, and J. B. Hull, Soft computing applications in dynamic model identication of polymer extrusion process, Applied Soft Computing, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 345355, 2004. F. C. Teng, A. Lot, and A. C. Tsoi, Novel fuzzy logic controllers with self-tuning capability, Journal of Computers, vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 916, NOVEMBER 2008 2008. F. C. Teng, A. Lot, and A. C. Tsoi, Extended pd+i fuzzy logic controllers with self-tuning capability, in The 34th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON08). 10-13 November 2008, pp. 192197, IEEE. F. C. Teng, A. Lot, and A. C. Tsoi, Self-tuning pd+i fuzzy logic controller with minimum number of rules, in IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC 2007), 7-10 October 2007, pp. 865870, ID: 6. W. Zhuang, M. Howarth, E. Lai, and A. Lot, Wet ink deposit feature extraction for screen printing process modelling, in Thirteenth National Conference on Manufacturing Research; Advances in Manufacturing Technology XI, September 1997.

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