Larvicidal Effect Of Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) Fruit Juice On Aedes Mosquito larvae

Amtul. Noor, Asunala. Rajesh Kumar, Chevagoni. Suresh, Doddaka. Ghnapti Krishna Sayogi, Gollapally. Vikram Goud, Kosaraju. Narendra kumar, Koutharapu. Deepak Chandran, Pagadala. Devi Vara Prasad, Rama. Annapurna, Rama. Mounika, Rama. Nikhil Raj, Sah. Sitesh Kumar, Senguttuvan. Rahul Anand, Tamang. Nima, Uppugalla. Ruzu Rohith Reddy

Objectives
General objectives The study aimed to determine the larvicidal effect of Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) fruit juice on Aedes mosquito larvae and also compare its larvicidal nature with commercial larvicide (ABATE 1SG). Specific objective This study aimed to: 1. keep a tally of number of aedes mosquito larvae killed after 20, 40 and 60 minutes of exposure to A) Ampalaya fruit juice in tap water a.1) 25% a.2) 50% a.3) 75% B) commercial larvicide (ABATE 1SG) 2. compare the number of Aedes mosquito larvae killed by the administration of Ampalaya fruit juice and commercial larvicide (ABATE 1SG). 3. determine the significant difference in the proportion of dead

Results

Results
6

no of dead larvae

2
0

Times

20 min

Group

Negative control (pure water) Positive control ( ABATE 1SG)

Conc.

wrigglers between Ampalaya fruit juice and commercial larvicide (ABATE 1SG).

Methods
Research design This study used experimental design to determine the larvicidal effect of Momordica charantia fruit juice on Aedes mosquito larvae. Research design involved single variables pretest-posttest design with larvicide (ABATE 1SG) as positive control where water acted as negative control. Research setting The collection of mosquito eggs was conducted at the residence of the students located in Mandaue city. Both the preparation of the different concentrations of momordica Charantia fruit juice and the experiment was conducted in Cebu Doctors University zoology laboratory. Research subject The research subject was 2 to 4 days old Aedes larvae i.e. 2nd -3rd instar larvae. which were selected through random sampling from the

25%

50%

Experimental (Ampalaya fruit 75% juice)

No. of dead Total No. Trials larvae of Larvae 20 40 1 hrs min min 6 T1 0 0 0 T2 0 0 0 T3 0 0 0 6 T1 3 4 5 T2 4 4 5 T3 2 4 6 Mean 3 4 5.33 T1 0 1 2 T2 0 0 1 6 T3 0 0 1 Mean 0 0.33 1.33 6 T1 0 2 3 T2 1 1 2 T3 0 1 2 Mean 0.33 1.33 2.33 6 T1 1 2 4 T2 1 2 3

No. of alive larvae 20 40 1 hrs min min 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 3 2 1 2 2 1 4 2 0 3 2 0.67 6 5 4 6 6 5 6 6 6 5 6 5.67 5 5 6 5.67 4 5 5 4.67 4 4 5 4.67 3 4 4 3.67 2 3

negative control

time interval

40 min

1 hrs positive control

Chart 1: negative and positive control group chart

Chart 2: 3 different concentration of experimental ampalaya juice chart The table and above graph shows the number of dead larvae in negative control (water), positive control (commercial larvicide ABATE 1SG) and experimental group ( Ampalaya fruit juice of various concentration) within three different intervals ( 20 min, 40 min and 1 hour). Three trials were done. The average from negative group shows no effectiveness while positive group shows 50%, 67% and 89% effectiveness in 20 min, 40 min and 60 min respectively. The experimental group shows various effectiveness depending on concentration. In 25% the mean number of larvae died at the end of the experiment is 1.33. And for 50% the mean number of larvae died at the end of the experiment is 2.33. And for 75% the mean number of larvae died at the end of the experiment is 3.33. From the research it was seen that 75% concentrated Ampalaya fruit juice is more effective than 25% and 50% concentrated fruit juice.

Conclusions & Recommendation

Conclusions
Based on the results gathered from this experiment, the P value of 75% conc. of Ampalaya fruit juice after 1 hour was 0.020 which is less than 0.05 level of significance. Hence, null hypothesis was rejected. It implied that the number of dead wrigglers using ABATE 1SG and Ampalaya fruit juice in different conc. was significantly different. Therefore, it can be said that Ampalaya fruit juice is not an effective mosquito larvicide.

Results

T3
Mean

0 1 3 6 5 3 0.66 1.66 3.33 5.37 4.37 2.37

prepared basin of naturally bred larvae. Each plastic cup used in the experiment contained 6 Aedes larvae.
Data collection The experiment was conducted on 6th December 2013 in the zoology laboratory in CDU. Six naturally bred larvae were placed in cups and treated with different concentrations of ampalaya fruit juice,water and commercial larvicide and they were kept on the table. The set up was checked after every 20 minutes upto 1 hour. A stop watch was used to note down the duration of time. Same steps were followed for 3 trials.

Though Ampalaya fruit juice is not effective as Aedes mosquito larvicide, it has been proven to be effective in killing larvae of Culex mosquito (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/19562373 ). Therefore its larvicidal effect is rather selective.

Recommendation
From this very research, it is found out that the larvicidal property of Momordica charantia fruit juice is minimal. Even the 75% concentrated solution was not very effective in killing Aedes mosquito larvae. However, the other parts of Momordica charantia plant such as leaves, root, stem etc. might be useful in killing the Aedes mosquito larvae. Further research using other parts of Ampalaya is therefore recommended to use if they have larvicidal effect. As mentioned before, the Ampalaya fruit juice has minimum larvicidal effect when it comes to Aedes mosquito larvae. But, it might be effective in killing mosquito larvae of other genera such as Anopheles, Culex etc. It can also be tried for different species of mosquitoes.

Mrs. Mary Grace G. Villaflor Research Mentor