NPTEL IIT Kharagpur: Prof. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Dept.

of Aerospace Engineering


1
Module5:
Multi - Dimensional
Problems



Lecture 26:
Linearized Compressible Flow
(Contd.)



















NPTEL IIT Kharagpur: Prof. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering


2
The first term is function of x only, and the second one is functions of y only. The equation holds for any
( ) y x, , hence,
=
' '
F
F
constant
2 2
2
1
, &
G
k k
G |
''
= =


kx A kx A F cos sin
2 1
+ =

and
y k y k
e B e B G
| |
2 1
+ =


Since, the velocity components remain finite at y
0
2
= B
From the wall boundary condition
( ) x h U
dy
dG
x F
y
y y
o o

cos
0 0

= =
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
c
c

The condition is satisfied if

h U k B A and k A o | o

= = =
1 2 1
, , 0



( ) x e
h U
y x
y
o
|

| o
cos ,

=
=
l
x
he
U
l
y
t
|
| t
2
cos
2

x e
M
h U
u
y
o
o
| o
sin
1
2

=


x e h U
y
o o v
| o
cos

=


x e
h
U
u
C
y
p
o
|
o
| o
sin
2
2

= =

Largest perturbation occurs at the boundary

NPTEL IIT Kharagpur: Prof. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering


3

( ) ( ) x
h
C C
y
p
wall
p
o
|
o
sin
2
0
= =
=

There is no drag force, as the pressure is in phase with the wall and hence symmetrical about the wavy
wall. The pressure coefficient increases with Mach number, proportionally to
1
|
- the Prandtl-
Glauert factor. Also, the attenuation of the perturbation away from the wall becomes weaker as the Mach
number is increased.

From the above expressions, it is possible to write
( ) o| o
o
|
y x f
h
C
p
, =

The relation is between 3 variables, instead of six a modified pressure coefficient and a modified
coordinate system. The factors that make this reduction possible incorporate the effects of Mach number,
wave amplitude and wavelength in such a way that one relation is valid for all combination of these three
variables.
1. since, as per our assumption , 1 , <<

U U
u v
it is evident from the solution that
1
1
2
<<

M
h o

2. In using the linearized equation, it is assumed that
( ) ( )

+ >>
U
u
M M 1 1
2 2

( )
( )
2
2
2
1
1
1

+
>>
M
h M
M
o



NPTEL IIT Kharagpur: Prof. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering


4
or
( )
( )
1
1
1
3
2
2
2
<<

M
h M o

The condition for the occurrence of local sonic velocity is

( )
( )
1
1
1
3
2
2
2
=

M
h M o

The transonic parameter include and
2
3
as exponent of ( )
2
1

M

3.
x e h
U
y
o o
v
| o
cos

=

x e h
U
x h
boundary
o o
v
o | o
cos
sin

=
|
|
.
|

\
|

+ =

. . . sin 1 1 cos
2
T O H x M h x h o o o o

The second term is always smaller than or at most equal to | oh ; it should be negligible
compared to the first, for the small perturbation theory to be valid. This approximation becomes
even better as the Mach number is increased. The amplitude of the permissible perturbation, for
linearized theory to be accurate, is given by
1 << | oh
or in terms of the maximum inclination,u , of the wall
1 << u|
For supersonic flow, 0 1
2
>

M and the equation becomes hyperbolic

0
2
2
2
2
2
=
c
c

c
c
y x

|

This is the simple wave equation with the general solution being the sum of two arbitrary functions

( ) y x f |
and
( ) y x g | +


NPTEL IIT Kharagpur: Prof. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering


5

( ) ( ) ( ) y x g y x f y x | | + + = ,


Boundary conditions are identical.
Only the function f is needed andg is set equal to zero. This choice has to do with the direction of
flow or the distinction between upstream and downstream region of flow.

Using wall boundary condition

( ) ( )
0
0
cos
y
y
f x y f x U h x
y

| | | o o

=
=
| | c
' ' ( = = =
|

c
\ .


( ) x h
U
x f o
|
sin

=


( ) ( ) ( ) y x h
U
y x f y x f | o
|
| = =

sin ,



(

1 sin
1
2
2
M y x
M
h U
o



( ) y x
h U
u | o
|
=

cos



( ) y x h U | o o v =

cos


( ) y x
M
h
C
p
| o
o

cos
1
2
2

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