Name: Ariel Rodriguez To: Shadia Dueri Date: 1/21/2014

Scientific Article: J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. (2007), 87, 141148 Printed in the United Kingdom. Written by Stan A. Kuczaj II and Deirdre B. Yeater

Observations of rough-toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis) off the coast of Utila, Honduras
Local dive shop operators and fishermen report that rough-toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis) are frequently encountered off the coast of Utila, Honduras, (1605'46.5"N8655'47.8"W). Observations suggest that at least some of these animals may constitute a resident population, although the extent of the resident groups home range has not been determined. There are concerns about rough-toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis) since how little is known about this species (Evans, 1987; Waring et al., 1997; Jefferson, 2002). For example, the world-wide distribution and seasonal migratory patterns (if any) of this species are unknown (Maigret, 1994; Carwardine, 1995). Rough- toothed dolphins are most typically found in deep tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate offshore waters, but are also found in cooler waters (Ritter, 2002). Although rough- toothed dolphins are more likely to be sighted in deep off- shore waters, they have also been observed in relatively shallow coastal waters off Brazil and Utila Honduras. Overall, behavioral observations point that rough-toothed dolphins are travelling in groups; tactile contact is an important aspect of social interactions for rough-toothed dolphins; cooperative behavior occurs during play; and rough-toothed dolphins are curious. References: 1. Acevedo-Gutirrez, A., 2002. Group behavior. In Encyclopedia of marine mammals (ed. W.F. Perrin et al.), pp. 537544. San Diego: Academic Press. Addink, M.J. & Smeenk, C., 2001. Opportunistic feeding behavior of rough-toothed dolphins Steno bredanensis off Mauritania. 2. Zoologica Verb Leiden, 334, 3848. Bearzi, G., Notarbartlolo di Sciara, G., & Politi, E., 1997. Social ecology of bottlenose dolphins in the Kvarneric (northern Adriatic Sea). Marine Mammal Science, 13, 650668. Behrens, D., 2002. Popular Article: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Rough-toothed dolphin
The species were first described by Georges Cuvier in 1823. The genus name Steno, of which this species are the only member, comes from the Greek for 'narrow', referring to the animal's beak, which is a diagnostic characteristic of the species. Adults ranging from 2.09 to 2.83 meters and weighing between 90 and 155 kilograms (200 and 340 lb); males are larger than females. The distribution and population of the Rough-toothed Dolphin is poorly understood. They inhabit

the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, and in the Mediterranean, in warm temperate to tropical waters, with occasional reports from cooler environments. Their period of gestation is unknown; it is also unknown whether or not they have a distinct breeding season. They adapt well to captivity and have proven to be intelligent and creative even though a small number of individuals have been harpooned by Japanese whalers. Others have been caught in seine nets by trawlers fishing for tuna. References: 1. Hammond, P.S., Bearzi, G., Bjorge, A., Forney, K., Karczmarski, L., Kasuya, T., Perrin, W.F., Scott, M.D., Wang, J.Y., Wells, R.S. & Wilson, B. (2008). "Steno bredanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2.International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 18 January 2013. 2. Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i West, K.L., et al. (2011). "Steno bredanensis (Cetacea: Delphinidae)". Mammalian Species 43 (1): 177189. doi:10.1644/886.1. 3. Jump up to:a b Gannier, A. & West, K.L. (2005). "Distribution of the rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis) around the Windward Islands (French Polynesia)". Pacific Science 59 (1): 1724. doi:10.1353/psc.2005.0007.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough-toothed_dolphin

Scientific Article Critics: This experiment was a controlled experiment based on the behavioral observation of the roughtoothed dolphins. The control they used was to make a table with two categories one was the behavior and the other was the description which tells the reaction of the rough-toothed dolphins when they experienced the behavior. For example: Behavior: Approach human Description: Animal approaches human(s) Behavior: Approach hydrophone Description: Animal approaches the hydrophone Breach Animal comes up out of the water and slaps down on one of its sides. The hypothesis of the experiment was Behaviors of rough-toothed dolphins at Utila Honduras. The data support the hypothesis as it is show in the discussion, the method was totally repeatable because they have to explore every behavior in every animal. Many organizations were interested on this research as: Department of Psychology, Marine Mammal Behavior and Cognition Laboratory, 118 College Drive #5025, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406-5025, USA. This article confirm some of the points found in the popular article on Wikipedia while talking about the regions in which the rough-toothed dolphins are found, how they are little know and understood.