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ICTJ World Report


January 2014

In Focus
ICTJ Forum Series on Truth Commissions and Peace Mediation: Ron Slye
In the latest episode of the ICTJ Forum, Professor and former Kenya TJRC Commissioner Ron Slye shares insights on truth commissions, accountability, and peace processes.
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World Report
AFRICA Cote dIvoires Dialogue, Truth and Reconciliation Commission recently concluded its two-year mandate with a report detailing rights violations and the causes of past conflicts, but the commission continues to be criticized for failure to put forth new insight into past violations, or help to heal rifts in the country. The second phase of police vetting in Kenya began on January 7th, focusing on the role that senior police officers have played in reducing corruption during their various ranks in the service as well as their sources of wealth. In Rwanda, the parliamentary Standing Committee on Unity, Human Rights and Fight Against Genocide has resolved to investigate the state of genocide monuments countrywide, after the 2012-2013 report by the National Commission for the Fight Against Genocide (CNLG) indicated that most genocide memorial centers remain in poor state.
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ICTJ World Report

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AMERICAS A total of 2,480 demobilized Colombians (2,020 men and 469 women) completed their reintegration process in 2013, almost three times the number who did so in 2012, when 832 finished. Also, the Colombias district attorneys office has identified eight instances from the 1980s that will undergo further examination regarding murdered and displaced victims of the Patriotic Union political party. Guatemalas Appeals Court confirmed the Constitutional Courts decision to repeat the trial of former military ruler Rios Montt for genocide and crimes against humanity; the lawyers of the Ixil victims have put forth an appeal to the Appeals Courts decision. Meanwhile, the Truth Commission in Sao Paulo, Brazil, has determined they have enough evidence to prove the car accident that killed the former president, Juscelino Kubitschek in 1976, was rigged by the countrys military dictatorship. Argentina issued 24 convictions for crimes against humanity during the countrys dictatorship. After carrying out an investigation in 2011 and 2012, the Chilean Supreme Court officially determined that former president Salvador Allende committed suicide forty years ago. During the 2014-2015 Bolivian legislature, the parliament will evaluate the proposal for a truth commission to further investigate human rights violations carried out under the countrys period of dictatorship.
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ASIA The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay welcomed the decision taken on January 2 by the Supreme Court of Nepal determining that amnesties should not be granted for serious human rights violations committed during the 10-year internal conflict. On January 5, several thousand people joined a rally in Myanmar to call for the abolition of repressive laws and an end to politically related arrests. The rally followed a memorial for political prisoners who had died while in custody, where a coalition of human rights groups and politicians said that in order for true reconciliation, the government of Myanmar must issue a national confession and apology for the state-instigated acts that led to the deaths and internment of political dissidents. In December, leading presidential candidate Dr. Abdullah Abdullah stressed the need for credible, impartial and accountable legal institutions to implement transitional justice in Afghanistan and promised to reinforce the judicial system if he won next years presidential ballot. Bangladesh has hanged opposition leader Abdul Quader Mollah over war crimes, making him the first person to be put to death for massacres committed during the country's bloody 1971 war of independence.
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EUROPE The court of Bosnia and Herzegovina has confirmed two indictments against seven Bosnian exfighters for wartime violence against Serb prisoners and a Croat detainee in Jablanica, their first war crimes indictments of 2014. The indictments followed a meeting with the Chief Prosecutors from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Serbia in Sarajevo, promising to step up the prosecution of war crimes suspects in 2014. The EU says the prosecution of war crimes in the former Yugoslavia is still a EU priority, and it will remain devoted to transitional justice in the Balkans as part of the accession
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ICTJ World Report

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process. Serbias appeals court has annulled the verdict which originally convicted the 14 fighters of war crimes for murdering dozens of civilians in the Croatian village of Lovas in 1991. On January 6, twenty-five organizations representing families of victims sent postcards in a staged symbolic protest to officials from Republika Srpska prior to the anniversary of the founding of the Serb-dominated entity.
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MENA In a historic vote of approval, the National Constituent Assembly of Tunisia passed the Transitional Justice Law Saturday, December 14, 2013. Tunisia also approved an article in its draft constitution which establishes equality between the sexes and forbids discrimination. An Egyptian appeals court on Sunday threw out the guilty verdict and life sentence against former President Hosni Mubarak on charges that he allowed the killing of protesters. According to lawyers seeking an investigation by the International Criminal Court, the Egyptian regime killed at least 1,120 civilians and committed crimes against humanity while crushing protests in support of Morsi and against last years coup. Due to a recent crackdown on freedom of speech, stifled protests, and arrested activists, there is a growing concern about a return to authoritarianism in Egypt. Egyptians voted on Tuesday on a draft constitution that may set the stage for a presidential bid by army chief General Abdel Fattah al-Sisi. Despite previous assurances of immunity and legal protection, the Legal Affairs Minister of Yemen admitted that Former President Ali Abdullah Saleh could face prosecution. The Special Tribunal for Lebanon began the trial of five people accused of being involved in the killing of the late Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri. Meanwhile, Beirut has been hit by car bombs, one targeting a Hezbollah stronghold killing 5 and injuring over 60 and another targeting the Lebanese ex-minister Mohamad Chatah, killing at least 5 others and injuring more than 50 people. Ahead of peace talks in Geneva, the UN humanitarian affairs chief expressed deep concern for communities cut off in Syria by months of fighting between government and rebel forces. The International Criminal Court has been urged to investigate alleged war crimes of UK politicians during the Iraq conflict. The detailed reports that have been submitted include allegations of sexual assault, torture, and mock executions carried out by British soldiers in Iraq.
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Publications
Towards a Transitional Justice Strategy for Syria
This briefing paper focuses on establishing a credible approach to accountability and human rights in a post-conflict Syria.
View Report

Upcoming Events
January 23, 2014

Perspectives on Colombias Peace Process and Opportunities for U.S. Engagement


Location: The Elliott School of International Affairs at the George Washington University City View Room 1957 E Street NW, 7th Floor

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Lebanons Legacy of Political Violence


This report compiles information on hundreds of incidents of serious human rights violations that occurred in Lebanon from 1975 to 2008, including mass killings, enforced disappearances, assassinations, forced displacement, and the shelling of civilian areas.
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Washington, D.C. 20052 View Details

January 29, 2014

Syrian Perspectives on Transitional Justice and Geneva II


Location: Syria Justice and Accountability Centre United States Institute of Peace 2301 Constitution Avenue Northwest Washington, DC 20037 View Details

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Copyright 2011 International Center for Transitional Justice

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