MECHANICAL ENGINEERING JOB INTERVIEW QUESTIONS:1.)How is ceramic defined ?

Ans: It is a solid formed by combination of metallic and non-metallic elements.

2.)What is the difference between proof resilience and modulus of resilience ?
Ans: Proof resilience is the maximum strain energy that can be stored in a material without permanent
deformation. Modulus of resilience is the maximum strain energy stored in a material per unit volume.
3.)What is the difference between column and strut ?
Ans: Both column and strut carry compressive load. Column is always vertical but strut a member of
structure could carry axial compressive load in any direction.
4.) What do you understand by critical points in iron, iron-carbide diagram ?
Ans: The temperatures at which the phase changes occur are called critical points (or temperatures).

1.)State the difference between Unilateral and Bilateral Tolerance?

Ans. A unilateral tolerance is tolerance in which variation is permitted only in one direction from the
specified direction.e.g. 1800
+0.000/-0.060
Bilateral tolerance is tolerance in which variation is permitted in both direction from the specified
direction.e.g. 1800 +0.060/-0.060
2.)What is difference between Welding and Brazing?
Ans. In Welding concentrated heat (high temperature) is applied at the joint of metal and fuse together.
In Brazing involves significantly lower temperatures and does not entail the melting of base metals.
Instead, a filler metal is melted
and forced to flow into the joint through capillary action.
3.)Which theories of failure are used for (a) ductile materials, and (b) brittle materials ?
Ans: For ductile materials, theories of failure used are maximum shear stress theory, and maximum
energy of distortion theory; while for brittle materials, theory of maximum principal
stress, and maximum strain are used.
4.)What does thermal diffusivity of metals signify.
Ans: Thermal diffusivity is associated with the speed of propagation of heat into solids during changes in
temperature with time.
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING JOB INTERVIEW QUESTIONS:1.)What is difference between Corrective actions and Preventive actions?
Ans.Corrective actions are taken on discrepancies noticed during inspection of

products/documents/process whereas preventive

actions are taken to eliminate the possibility of discrepancy in future.
2.)What is Operating Pressure?
Ans.The amount of pressure nearest the point of performing work at the output end of a pneumatic
system. The system
operating pressure is used to specify the capability of valves and actuators.
3.)What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of using LPG in Car?
Ans.Advantages
1. Complete combustion
2. Fuel saving
3. Homogeneous combustion.
Disadvantages
1. As complete combustion is occurring ,more heat liberated,not advised for long journey, engine will be
over heated
2. Installation is difficult
3. Reduce engine life efficiency.
4.)What is difference between Welding and Brazing?
Ans. In Welding concentrated heat (high temperature) is applied at the joint of metal and fuse together.
In Brazing involves significantly lower temperatures and does not entail the melting of base metals.
Instead, a filler metal is melted
and forced to flow into the joint through capillary action.
Share this post so that maximum Mechanical Engineers gets benefited.
1.)Which is heavier 1kg Cotton or 1kg Iron?
Ans.Both of them have same weight.
2.) What is Auto Dosing?
Ans.Auto dosing is an automated system of feeding the equipment with liquid products. It is the ideal way
to ensure the correct calibrated dose at the right time every time in auto.
3.)What is the difference between Sudden Force and Impact Force?
Ans.An impact is a high force or shock applied over a short time period when two or more bodies collide.A
force which applies on the body (material) suddenly is known as sudden force.
4.) What is Geyser Pressure Valve?
Ans.Geyser Pressure Valve is to release the pressure created inside due to evaporation of water.
1.)What does pump develop:- (a) Flow (b) Pressure
Ans.A pump does not create pressure, it only creates flow. Pressure is a measurement of the resistance

to flow.
2.) Difference between Performance and Efficiency?
Ans.The accomplishment of a given task measured against preset known standards of accuracy,
completeness, cost, and speed is called as Performance.
Efficiency is defined as the input given and the work obtained from that input like money, time, labour etc.
Its the main factor of
productivity.
3.)What is Sentinel Relief Valve?
Ans.Its a special type valve system. The valve will open when exhaust casing pressure is excessive
(high). The valve warns the
operator only; it is not intended to relieve the casing pressure.
4.) What is the difference between Specification,Codes, Standards?
Ans. Specification is describing properties of any type of materials.
Code is procedure of acceptance and rejection criteria.
Standard is accepted values and compare other with it.
1.) What is the difference between Fan and Blower?
Ans.Fan is an air pushing device. Either Axial or Centrifugal type systems are used to move the air in low
pressure. It is rotated
by a motor separately.
When the fan is a housing of blades and motor, then it called as Blower. It directs the air in a single path
with high pressure.
2.) What is Heat Rate of Power Plant?
Ans.Heat rate is a measure of the turbine efficiency. It is determined from the total energy input supplied
to the Turbine divided by the electrical energy output.
3.) What is Hydrodynamic Cavitation?
Ans.Hydrodynamic cavitation describes the process of vaporization in a constrained channel at a specific
velocity.
Bubble generation and Bubble implosion which occurs in a flowing liquid as a result of a decrease and
subsequent increase in
pressure.
4.)What is Difference between Hardness and Toughness?
Ans. Toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy.
Hardness is the ability of a material to withstand wear.
1.)What is operating pressure?
Ans.-Operating pressure is the standard level of pressure a system operates under, usually within a fairly
narrow range of tolerances.

2.)Explain Otto cycle.

Ans.-An Otto cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle which describes the functioning of a typical spark
ignition reciprocating piston engine,the thermodynamic cycle most commonly found in automobile
engines.he Otto cycle consists of adiabatic compression, heat addition at constant volume, adiabatic
expansion, and rejection of heat at constant volume.
3.)What is annealing?
Ans.-The steady heating of a metal at a certain temperature above the recrystallization phase followed by
a gradual cooling process is called annealing.
4.)What is Carburizing?
Ans.-A surface hardening method that heats metal within a carbon-rich environment to increase carbon
levels on the metal surface for added hardness is called Carburizing.
DUKE ENGINE- low vibration engine
* The engine with lowest vibration level 0.01 - 0.1 %
* variable compression ratio is possible
* multifuel capable
* Compact small dimensions
* 80% thermal efficiency
Duke Engines are in an advanced stage of developing a unique high-speed, valve-less 5 cylinder, 3
injector axial internal combustion engine with zero first-order vibration, significantly reduced size and
weight, very high power density and the ability to run on multiple fuels and bio-fuels. The Duke engine is
suited for many uses including marine, military, automobile, light aircraft and range extender applications.

1.What is an isobaric process?

Ans.-An isobaric process is a thermodynamic process in which the pressure stays constant: P = 0
2.What is Factor of safety?
Ans.-Factor of safety (FoS),safety factor (SF), is a term describing the structural capacity of a system
beyond the expected loads or actual loads. Essentially, how much stronger the system is than it usually
needs to be for an intended load.
3.Which one is more efficient? A four stroke engine or a two stroke and why?
Ans.-This depends on what type of efficiency you are referring to. As far as power generation, two-stroke
by far. Simply because it accomplishes in two strokes, what a four stroke motor takes twice as long to
accomplish. Fuel consumption is a different story. Four strokes are more efficient because there is
separation of fuel and engine oil, as well as intake and exhaust gases, leading to less pollution, and better
mileage.
4.What is bending moment?

Ans.-A bending moment is a measure of the average internal stress induced in a structural element when
an external force or moment is applied to the element causing the element to bend.
1.) Mention two types of dislocations.
Ans: Dislocation refers to a break in the continuity of the lattice. In edge dislocation, one plane of atoms
gets squeezed out. In screw dislocation the lattice atoms move from their regular ideal positions.
2.)What is Curie point ?
Ans: Curie point is the temperature at which ferromagnetic materials can no longer be magnetized by
outside forces.
3.)If percentage elongation of a material is more than 200%, it is classed as?
Ans: Rubber.
4.)Distinguish between creep and fatigue.
Ans: Creep is low and progressive deformation of a material with time under a constant stress at high
temperature applications. Fatigue is the reduced tendency of material to offer resistance to applied stress
under repeated or fluctuating loading condition.
Metal Inert Gas Welding (MIG Welding):Metal Inert Gas (MIG) Welding (also known as Gas Metal Arc Welding [GMAW]) is an arc welding
technique in which a consumable electrode is used to weld two or more workpieces. A diagrammatic
representation of metal inert gas welding is shown below:
>In MIG Welding, consumable electrode itself acts as filler metal. So, no seperate filler rod or filler wire is
needed.
.)Why condenser is needed in steam power plant?
Ans.-The function of the condenser is to condense exhaust steam from the steam turbine by rejecting the
heat of vaporization to the cooling water passing through the condenser.
2.)What is absolute humidity and relative humidity?
Ans.-Absolute humidity is the mass of water vapor divided by the mass of dry air in a volume of air at a
given temperature. The hotter the air is, the more water it can contain.Relative humidity is the ratio of the
current absolute humidity to the highest possible absolute humidity.
3.)What is viscosity?
Ans.-The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or
tensile stress. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal notion of "thickness". For example, honey has a
higher viscosity than water.
4.)What is difference between power cycles and heat pump cycles?

Ans.-Any thermodynamic cycle functions in a similar way. There are basically 3 interlinked energy
sources at play:
1. A reservoir of heat energy at high temperature Eh
2. A reservoir of heat energy at low temperature Ec
3. Mechanical (driving) energy P.
The power cycle provides high temperature heat energy Eh, harvests mechanical P and throws away low
temperature energy into Ec.
Whereas,
The heat pump provides P, harvests Eh and throws away into Ec. .)Why condenser is needed in steam
power plant?
Ans.-The function of the condenser is to condense exhaust steam from the steam turbine by rejecting the
heat of vaporization to the cooling water passing through the condenser.
2.)What is absolute humidity and relative humidity?
Ans.-Absolute humidity is the mass of water vapor divided by the mass of dry air in a volume of air at a
given temperature. The hotter the air is, the more water it can contain.Relative humidity is the ratio of the
current absolute humidity to the highest possible absolute humidity.
3.)What is viscosity?
Ans.-The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or
tensile stress. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal notion of "thickness". For example, honey has a
higher viscosity than water.
4.)What is difference between power cycles and heat pump cycles?
Ans.-Any thermodynamic cycle functions in a similar way. There are basically 3 interlinked energy
sources at play:
1. A reservoir of heat energy at high temperature Eh
2. A reservoir of heat energy at low temperature Ec
3. Mechanical (driving) energy P.
The power cycle provides high temperature heat energy Eh, harvests mechanical P and throws away low
temperature energy into Ec.
Whereas,
The heat pump provides P, harvests Eh and throws away into Ec.

1.What is difference between pressure and stress?

Ans.-Difference between pressure and stress:a.) pressure represent intensity of external forces acting at a point. but stress represent intensity of
internal resisting forces develop at a point.
b.) pressure always acts normal to the surface. but but stress may also act either normal or parallel to the
surface.
c.) magnitude of pressure at a point in all direction remain same. but magnitude of stress at a point in all

the direction are unequal.

d.) pressure can be measure by using measuring device.like pressure gauge. but stress can't be measure
directly by using any device.
2.How many types of suspensions used in automobiles?
Ans.The different types of suspension include: coil spring suspension, leaf spring suspension, coilover
suspension, torsion bar suspension, air bag suspension. There may be more, but those are the primary
types of suspension used in autos. All will include shock absorbers or struts to absorb rebound.
3.What is entropy?
Ans.In simple terms, the measure of the level of disorder in a closed but changing system, a system in
which energy can only be transferred in one direction from an ordered state to a disordered state. Higher
the entropy, higher the disorder and lower the availability of the system's energy to do useful work.
Bosch Continuously Variable Transmission
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
Continuously variable transmissions (CVTs) are stepless automatic transmissions with a Bosch pushbelt.
By transmitting drive power efficiently from the engine to the wheels, CVTs reduce fuel consumption and
CO2 emissions by up to 7% compared with conventional manual transmissions -- and this without any
loss of traction whatsoever. Compact and robust, with technology that is easy to apply, CVTs also cut
cost and take up less of the valuable installation space available.
IN SHORT:Continuously Variable Transmission>Less fuel consumption
>Less CO2 output
>More comfort
>Powerful acceleration

Q. What is an INJECTOR PRESSURE in heavy vehicles? Why it is used?

A. Injector pressure i s the pressure at which the fuel can be injected into the vehicle. In heavy vehicles,
injector pressure is 220 kg/cm square. It is used to set up the standard fuel injection in the vehicles. With
the help of injector pressure we can calculate the amount of fuel needed, through the following formula:
Est. Horsepower x B.S.FQ. What is an INJECTOR PRESSURE in heavy vehicles? Why it is used?
A. Injector pressure i s the pressure at which the fuel can be injected into the vehicle. In heavy vehicles,
injector pressure is 220 kg/cm square. It is used to set up the standard fuel injection in the vehicles. With
the help of injector pressure we can calculate the amount of fuel needed, through the following formula:
Est. Horsepower x B.S.F
1 What will be the consequence when water flowing through pipe is suddenly cut?
Ans. When water flowing through a pipe is suddenly stopped, a pressure wave equivalent to sound will
get created and will move to and fro. It causes damage to pipe by suddenly hitting the pipe wall which is
known as water hammering
2. Differentiate between stress and pressure?

Ans. Pressure is exerted only in case of fluid or liquid or gases whereas stress is applied only on solid.
3.What psi represent?
Ans. psi is an abbreviation for pounds force per square inch and can be commonly seen on pressure
gauges as unit.
1.Explain absolute viscosity ?
Ans: It is the ratio of shear stress and the gradient of velocity with distance between a fixed plate and
moving plate (Its unit is Pa . s).
2.. Explain difference between cohesion, adhesion and capillarity ?
Ans: Cohesion is the attraction of like molecules.
Adhesion is the attraction of unlike molecules for each other.
Capillarity is the elevation or depression of a liquid surface in contact with a solid.
3.What is bulk modulus of elasticity ?
Ans: It represents the compressibility of a fluid. It is the ratio of the change in unit pressure to the
corresponding volume change per unit of volume.
1. What is the difference between scavenging and supercharging ?
Ans: Scavenging is process of flushing out burnt gases from engine cylinder by introducing fresh air in the
cylinder before exhaust stroke ends. Supercharging is the process of supplying higher mass of air by
compressing the atmospheric air.
2.What is pitting ? How it is caused ?
Ans: Non uniform corrosion over the entire metal surface, but occuring only in small pits is called pitting. It
is caused by lack of uniformity in metal.
3.Why large boilers are water tube type ?
Ans: Water tube boilers raise steam fast because of large heat transfer area and positive water
circulation. Thus they respond faster to fluctuations in demand. Further single tube failure does not lead to
catastrophy.
Fluid coupling:A fluid coupling is a hydrodynamic device used to transmit rotating mechanical power.It has been used in
automobile transmissions as an alternative to a mechanical clutch. It also has widespread application in
marine and industrial machine drives, where variable speed operation and/or controlled start-up without
shock loading of the power transmission system is essential.
A fluid coupling consists of three components, plus the hydraulic fluid:
>The housing, also known as the shell(which must have an oil tight seal around the drive shafts), contains
the fluid and turbines.
>Two turbines (fan like components):
*One connected to the input shaft; known as the pump or impeller, primary wheel input turbine
*The other connected to the output shaft, known as the turbine, output turbine, secondary wheel or runner

The driving turbine, known as the 'pump', (or driving torus) is rotated by the prime mover, which is
typically an internal combustion engine or electric motor. The impellor's motion imparts both outwards
linear and rotational motion to the fluid.
The hydraulic fluid is directed by the 'pump' whose shape forces the flow in the direction of the 'output
turbine' (or driven torus). Here, any difference in the angular velocities of 'input stage' and 'output stage'
result in a net force on the 'output turbine' causing a torque; thus causing it to rotate in the same direction
as the pump.
Fluid couplings are relatively simple components to produce. For example, the turbines can be aluminum
castings or steel stampings, and the housing can also be a casting or made from stamped or forged steel.
What is Triple Spark Technology?
Along with the announcement of the new Pulsar 200NS,came a new technology named Triple Spark
technology. Which is being used in the new bike. In simple words, the triple spark technology is nothing
but a engine with 3 spark plugs housed in it.
To make use of 3 spark plugs, the pulsar engine houses a pent roof combustion chamber which in turn
allows to house 3 spark plugs in the engine chamber. Out of the three plugs, the primary plug is the
center one and is mounted in an angle and enters the chamber at the top-center. The other two
secondary plugs are mounted below, each opposite each other and one of them being vertically
underneath the primary plug.
The secondary plugs fires a bit after the primary one has fired and the timings are controlled by the ECU
depending on various parameters like throttle position, engine revs,load on engine and many other stuffs.
According to Bajaj, these plugs gain a advantage in low-rev riding condition where it extracts the best
economy.Compared to KTM Duke 200 in similar conditions it gives as much as 10-13kmpl more,however
the difference vanishes at higher revs and high speed.
The torque capacity of a two pads disk brake can be expressed as
T = F r (1)
where
T = torque (Nm)
= coeficient of friction
F = force on pad (N)
r = mean radius of pad (m)
Required pad pressure can be expressed as
p = F / A (2)
where
p = pressure (Pa)
A = pad area
THE DESIRABLE PROPERTIES OF A GOOD FRICTION MATERIAL :-

(i) It should have high coefficient of friction.

(ii) The coefficient of friction should remain constant over the entire range of temperatures encoutered in
applications.
(iii) It should have good thermal conductivity.
(iv) It should remain unaffected by environmental conditions like moisture, or dirt particles.
(v) It should have high resistance to abrasive and adhesive wear.
(vi) It should have good resilience to provide good distribution of pressure at the contacting surfaces.

IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS THAT ARE FREQUENTLY ASKED IN INTERVIEW OF AN AUTOMOTIVE

INDUSTRY(PART-II):01) Detonation: Some sudden and violent knocks are experienced in internal combustion engine at sometimes. This
knocks are known by "Detonation". This knock is set up by a high-pressure wave giving a loud pulsating
noise as it strikes against the cylinder walls, cylinder head and piston. It should be noted that detonation
is not pre-ignition but something, which occur after the spark, has started the ignition.
02) Diesel Knock: A high-pressure wave set up in compression ignition engine (Diesel Engine), which causes knocks. This
knock is called as "Diesel knock". It badly affects the engine efficiency and power drop; also engine runs
very rough due to diesel knock.
03) Dissociation: If a gas or mixture of gases is heated to very high temperature, the vibrating molecules of different gases
make violent encounters resulting in splitting up of the compound molecules into smaller molecules which
recombine to form their compound molecules as the temperature lowered. The phenomenon is called
"Dissociation". The dissociation is mainly due to breaking up of carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide and
oxygen.
04) Supercharging: The process of increasing the weight or density of air-fuel mixture or compressed air, induced into the
cylinder during the induction stroke is known as "Supercharging". This is achieved by a separate
compressor and known as supercharger or blower.
05) Turbulence: When the atomised fuel injected into the combustion chamber of compression ignition engine may be
burnt efficiently there should be a high relative velocity between the air and fuel so that a thorough mixing
takes place. This is achieved by "Turbulence".
I would like to advice you all to note it down as these are the most important terms if you are going for an
interview.Also share it with your friends so that this useful knowledge reaches to all Engineers out there.

1.)Why the efficiency of superheat Rankine cycle is higher than that of simple Rankine cycle?
Ans: Because the mean temperature of heat addition is higher for superheat cycle.
2.)Why steam is in open space and water inside tube in condensers used in power plants ?

Ans: Overall heat transfer coefficient can be increased by increasing velocity of water in tube. Further
steam needs more space due to higher specific volume.
3.)What is the name given to combined process of cooling and humidifying ?
Ans: Evaporative Cooling.
4.) Which refrigerant is used for ice plant and transport refrigeration ?
Ans: Ammonia and CO2 respectively.