The Philippine Independence Act is a U.S. law that provided for Philippine independence.

It is a slightly revised version of the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Bill passed by the U.S. Congress in 1933 but was vetoed by U.S. President Hoover. The U.S. Congress overrode the veto but was rejected by the Philippine Senate upon urgings of Manuel L. Quezon. Quezon wanted an amended bill. The new bill named, The Philippine Independence Act was authored by Senator Milliard Tydings (Democrat) and Representative John McDuffie (Democrat). The new president, Franklin D. Roosevelt, signed it into law on March 24, 1934. It was a major contribution to the country as it enabled them to provide for the complete independence of the Philippine Islands, to provide for the adoption of a constitution and a form of government for the islands, and for other purposes. The Tydings-McDuffie law also specified that the Philippines would practice neutrality. Meaning, it could not go to war without permission of the United States except when it had to protect itself. The Philippine Legislature ratified the Tydings-McDuffie law on May 1, 1934. From then on, Filipinos busied themselves with preparations for the establishment of the Commonwealth government. The TydingsMcDuffie Act (officially the Philippine Independence Act, Pub.L. 73127, 48 Stat. 456, enacted March 24, 1934) was a United States federal lawwhich provided for self-government of the Philippines and for Filipino independence from the United States after a period of ten years. It was [1] authored by Maryland Senator Millard E. Tydings and Alabama Representative John McDuffie, and signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, all Democrats. In 1934, the Philippine politician Manuel L. Quezon headed a "Philippine Independence mission" to [1] Washington, D.C. It successfully lobbied Congress and secured the act's passage. The TydingsMcDuffie Act authorized and specified a procedural framework for, within two years of its enactment, the drafting of a Constitution for the government of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. The act specified a number of mandatory constitutional provisions, and required approval of the constitution by the U.S. President and by the Filipino people. The act mandated U.S. recognition of independence of [2] the Philippine Islands as a separate and self-governing nation after a ten-year transition period. Prior to independence, the act allowed the U.S to maintain military forces in the Philippines and to call all military forces of the Philippine government into U.S. military service. The act empowered the U.S. President, within two years following independence, to negotiate matters relating to U.S. naval [2] reservations and fueling stations of in the Philippine Islands. The act reclassified all Filipinos, including those who were living in the United States, as aliens for the [2] purposes of immigration to America. A quota of 50 immigrants per year was established. One effect of the act was to pave the way for the Filipino Repatriation Act of 1935.
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In 1943, Tydings introduced a similar bill for independence of Puerto Rico, a territory of the US. While its political parties supported the bill, Luis Muoz Marn, leader of the Popular Democratic Party (PPD) did not, and he was influential in persuading Congress not to pass the bill.

The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere ( Dai-t-a Kyeiken) was an imperial concept created and promulgated for occupied Asian populations during the first third of the Shwa period by the government and military of the Empire of Japan. It promoted the cultural and economic unity

of the East Asian race. It also declared the intention to create a self-sufficient "bloc of Asian nations led by the Japanese and free of Western powers". It was announced in a radio address entitled "The [1] International Situation and Japan's Position" by Foreign Minister Hachir Arita on June 29, 1940. An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus a secret document completed in 1943 for high-ranking government use laid out the superior position of Japan in the Greater Asia CoProsperity Sphere, showing the subordination of other nations was not forced by the war but part of [2] explicit policy. It explicitly states the superiority of the Japanese over other Asian races and provides evidence that the Sphere was inherently hierarchical, including Japan's true intention of domination over [3] Asia.
Ito ang patakarang pinalaganap ng mga Hapon ng sakupin nila ang Pilipinas kung saan layunin nitong pag-isahin ang mga Asyanong bansa tungo sa pagkakaisa at pag-unlad.

The Puppet Government, or the Second Philippine Republic, is a Japanese-imperial-sponsored government established during the Japanese occupation and World War II in the Philippines. This government sought to legitimize Japanese occupation in the country and promised independence for the Filipino people but Imperial government failed to commit to this pledge.

Established in October 14, 1943, Jose P. Laurel was inaugurated as the first President of the Second Philippine Republic after leaving his post as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. The Japanese's choice for president was based on Laurel's open criticisms against the U.S administration in the Philippines and his degree from Tokyo International University. Benigno Aquino Sr. and Ramon Avancena were also elected as vice-presidents, and Manuel Roxas and General Jorge Vargas were appointed as the cabinet member and chair of the Executive Commission, respectively.

The first act of the puppet regime was to sign a military alliance with Japan. The second act appealed for the sympathy of the United States but was denied by the said country. US President Franklin Roosevelt refused to recognized the puppet government.

The Puppet Government was established in the pursuit of creating the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere under the chairmanship of the Japanese Imperial government. Manuel Roxas and Jose Laurel wrote and signed the Philippine puppet constitution which was an act of rebellion against the U.S. and a testament of allegiance to Japan.

Those who pledged their loyalty to Japan were showered with supply of the best food, luxuries and finest [1] accommodations while the Filipino who did not pledged suffered under the harsh Japanese rule. The sons of Laurel were sent to Japan to study. Consequently, the Puppet Government gained little popularity amongst the Filipino people.

The Americans through General Douglas MacArthur led a war against the Japanese in the Philippines. Manila was liberated in March 4, 1945 and on March 22 of the same year President Laurel and the Second Republic officials departed for Japan.