AP Psych Chapter 12

1. Although Jan appears to be underweight, she is afraid of

becoming fat and consistently restricts her food intake. Although
Gene appears to be overweight, he enjoys eating and always
eats as much as he wants. Explain how their different reactions
to food might result from (a) differences in their inner bodily
states and (b)differents in their reactions to external incentives?

Jan is clearly showing early symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Anorexia

nervosa is an eating disorder in which a normal – weight person diets
and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues
to starve. Though Jan isn’t starving, she still below the normal weight.
Gene could be bulimic but the prompt doesn’t mention that he purges
in secret. Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by
episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by
vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.
For Jan, her inner incentive can be explained by cultures the drills
ideals of beauty into women’s’ minds. Cultures practically tells women
“Fat is bad,” and that motivates women to always diet. Jan probably
has a poor body image and feels that there is no such thing as too thin.
Jan’s idea of an attractive body shape probably also results from what
she thinks others find attractive. The pressure from the fashion
industry pushes Jan’s low self esteem and results in her eating habits.
For Gene, food is probably something that heals the soul. Gene feels
that it isn’t necessary to stop his eating because of an eagerness to be
thin. Food is very much part of every culture. One’s taste preference is
biologically and culturally influenced. Body chemistry always stresses
one’s desire for high fat and starchy foods. Carbohydrates boost our
level of neurotransmitters.

2. Describe the contrasting effects of directive management and

participative management on employee morale. Discuss these
differences in terms of Maslow’s hierarchy of motives. Explain
why the effectiveness of each style would depend on the
personality traits and cultural background of the employees.

Maslows’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with

physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level
safely needs and then psychological needs become active.
Maslows’s hierarchy is somewhat arbitrary; the order of such needs
is not universally fixed. People have starved themselves to make a
political statement. Nevertheless, work for thinking about
motivation, and life satisfaction surveys in 39 nations support the
basic ideas. In poorer nations that lack easy access to money and
the food ad shelter it buys, financial satisfaction more strongly
predicts subjunctive well being. In wealthy nations, where most are
able to meet basic needs, home-life-satisfaction matters more. Self-
esteem matters most in individualist nations, where the focus tends
to be on personal achievements father than family and community
identity.