Operational Modal Analysis Application cases

Overview

Part 1

What is Operational Modal Analysis Why Operational Modal Analysis ? What is the difference between ODS, EMA and
OMA ? LMS PolyMAX Parameter Estimation Automatic operational modal analysis Part 2

Applications cases Conclusion

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What is Operational Modal Analysis ? In-operation Testing

Identification of modal parameters from data

measured on a structure during operational conditions. Eigenfrequencies Damping ratios Mode shapes

Operational modal analysis = identifying H

Based

on Y Without knowing U (BUT white noise assumption)

Input

System

Output

U
White noise

White noise + harmonic

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Operational Modal Analysis Case Studies

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Application example Civil engineering

Forced vibration tests

Evolution Drivers Artificial excitation problems Testing complexity Expensive Data quality (still ambient sources active) High-quality sensors and data acquisition systems Operational Modal Analysis Advanced algorithms Commercial software Real-life references

Ambient vibration tests

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Z24-Bridge Ambient Vibration Test

Operational Modal Analysis

Quantify

variance on modal parameters due to environmental influences Damage detection by changes in modal parameters

10.0e-12

1.00

Ambient

excitation 170 DOFS 9 setups

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500e-18 0.00 Hz 50.00

0.00

Amplitude

g2 Log

Test Setup

Z24-Bridge Operational pole estimation for different runs

12
natural freq.(Hz)

10 8 6 4 2 0 0 1 2
mode no.

scatter plot
5

damping ratio (%)

4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 mode no. 3 4

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Z24-Bridge Typical synthesis results

10.0e-12 deck:120:+Z Synthesized Crosspow er deck:120:+Z/ref:1:+Z

g2 Log

10.0e-12 deck:120:+Z Synthesized Crosspow er deck:120:+Z/ref:2:-Y

g2 Log

Phase

Hz 3.00 Hz 30.00

Phase

10.0e-15 3.00 180.00 3.00 -180.00

Hz Linear Linear

30.00 30.00

1.00e-15 3.00 180.00 3.00 -180.00

Hz Linear Linear Hz

30.00 30.00

3.00

Hz

30.00

100e-12 deck:120:+Z Synthesized Crosspow er deck:120:+Z/ref:2:+Z

g2 Log

Phase

100e-15 3.00 180.00 3.00 -180.00

Hz Linear Linear Hz

30.00 30.00

3.00

Hz

30.00

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Z24-Bridge Merge Modes

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Z24-Bridge Merge Modes

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Z24-Bridge Eigenfrequencies and damping ratios

OMA - Ambient EMA - Shaker A Mode Mode Mode Mode Mode Mode Mode Mode Mode Mode B Mode Mode Mode Mode Mode Mode Mode Mode Mode Mode Freq A Freq B Damp. Damp. [Hz] [Hz] A [%] B [%] MAC [%] 3,86 3,87 0,71 1,43 99,44 4,89 4,82 1,30 1,57 94,66 9,75 9,78 1,56 1,56 60,57 10,31 10,46 1,19 1,52 88,97 12,49 12,41 2,66 2,99 96,06 13,43 13,23 3,51 4,58 86,10 17,36 17,52 3,20 3,98 53,03 19,10 19,26 1,73 2,61 6,39 19,84 19,75 2,10 5,08 75,30 26,53 26,65 1,79 3,03 49,88

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All 10 modes were found!

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Z24-Bridge Mode shapes

Operational Modal Analysis Ambient noise

Experimental Modal Analysis Shaker test

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Bradford & Bingley Stadium Crowd-structure interaction

Remote Monitoring System Time histories measured during soccer match

Empty

stadium People filling stadium People sitting during match Half-time Goal People leaving stadium
Changes in natural frequencies for Mode 1
3,4 3,35 3,3 3,25 Empty PolyMax Filling PolyMax Leaving PolyMax Half-time PolyMax Sitting PolyMax Goal PolyMax

Changes in damping ratios for Mode 1

3,00%

2,50%

Frequency [Hz]

3,2 3,15 3,1 3,05 3 2,95 2,9 Mode 1

Damping ratio

2,00%

1,50%

1,00%

Empty PolyMax Filling PolyMax Leaving PolyMax Half-time PolyMax Sitting PolyMax Goal PolyMax

0,50%

0,00% Mode 1

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Application example Aircraft in-flight testing

Test setup 5 flights 30 responses / flight 2 reference points Different conditions: Taxi Climbing Level flight (3 altitudes, 4 air speeds) Steady turn Descend Objectives Compare with GVT results Tracking of frequency and damping

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Aircraft in-flight testing Analysis procedure

Flight data Correlation functions

Modal parameter estimation Modal model

Model Validation
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Aircraft in-flight testing Stabilization diagram

LMS PolyMAX
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Aircraft In-flight Testing Crosspower synthesis

DOF on wing

DOF on tail

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Aircraft In-flight Testing Evolution of frequency & damping

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Aircraft In-flight Testing Mode Shapes

Flight test

Ground Vibration test

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Application case ARIANE-5 Launcher

Identify modal parameters

Launcher Main

constituents

Using in-flight data

Practical, economical

and safety reasons (no GVT) Validation and updating of FE models Influence of gradual mass decrease Damping

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ARIANE-5 Launcher

Flight 501 +- 100 accelerations

booster

segments, booster skirts, booster attachments LH2 and LOX tanks in the main cryogenic stage MMH and N204 tanks in the EPS stage VULCAIN and AESTUS engines

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ARIANE-5 Launcher Characteristics ARIANE-5 Flight Data

48.41 1.00

Channels synchronized to common time t0

-147.88 -1.00 s 154.24

0.00

Rounding errors, losses, Different sample frequencies Static components Drop-outs, spikes

-145.37 -1.00 s 620.00

0.00

49.56

1.00

-131.45 -1.00 s 620.00

0.00

ADC bit resolution

Intensive data preparation

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Amplitude

( ) Real

m/s2

Amplitude

( ) Real

m/s2

Non-equidistant

90.27

1.00

Amplitude

( ) Real

m/s2

ARIANE-5 Launcher Analyses

8 signals measured at 4 fuel tanks in the

EPS stage Signals resampled at 93.4Hz Analyses performed for 4 time data segments

S1 : 4 - 14s S2 : 14 - 26s S3 : 26 - 36s S4 : 4 - 36s

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Application case Integral Sine Qualification Test

Integral
Multi-shaker single axis qualification test 350 DOFs Range 5 - 100 Hz Repeated modes symmetric setup Mode shapes from base-driven test Y-axis qualification sweep data

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Integral Sine Qualification Test Broadband / High-order Analysis

LMS Test.Lab PolyMAX

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Integral Sine Qualification Test Crosspower Synthesis

Payload module
181.16 21.72

Solar Panel
m2/s4 ) (
Hz CrossPow er UNIV:313:+Y/UNIV:706:+Y Linear 1.03 15.06 180.00 15.06 67.04 -180.00 Linear Hz 67.04 15.06 Hz 67.04

m2/s4

) Log

Hz CrossPow er UNIV:707:+Y/UNIV:706:+Y Linear 1.01 15.06 180.00 Linear -180.00 15.06 Hz 15.06 Hz

Log

Phase

Phase

67.04 67.04 67.04

17.01

45.96

m2/s4

m2/s4

Log

) ( Log

Hz CrossPow er UNIV:401:+X/UNIV:706:+Y Linear 1.00 15.06 180.00 Linear -180.00 15.06 Hz 15.06 Hz

Hz CrossPow er UNIV:796:+X/UNIV:706:+Y Linear 1.01 15.06 180.00 15.06 67.04 -180.00 Linear Hz 67.04 15.06 Hz

Phase

Phase

67.04

67.04 67.04 67.04

Service module
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Antenna

Integral Sine Qualification Test Mode Shapes

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Application Rotating machinery

Harmonics

excite broad frequency band Useful excitation no filtering! End-of-order effects

Fixed (or slowly varying)

harmonics Harmonics hamper the identification process Have to be removed from data

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Helicopter in-flight data

Car engine run-up

Sweeping harmonics (run-up)

Industrial examples
Key to the method is the knowledge of the fundamental
frequency of the disturbing harmonics: Tacho probe during operational test Tacho-less rpm extraction Hilbert transform Example: band-pass filtered helicopter roof accelerations

Hilbert transform magnitude

g Amplitude
Amplitude

Hilbert transform phase

0.50

29.50

0.50

29.50

Amplitude

derivative

0.50

29.50

Instantaneous frequency estimation

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Industrial example helicopter in-flight OMA

In-flight acceleration spectrum before and after applying the harmonic filter

In-flight mode shapes

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Industrial example large Diesel engine OMA

Helicopter data: even without filtering, some

modes could be identified Quasi-stationary running large engine: Harmonics:
High-amplitude Closely-spaced
OMA:

no single structural mode found Need for harmonic filtering

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Industrial example large Diesel engine OMA

Quasi-stationary running large engine

Filtering

the harmonics from the time

series OMA successfully applied

in good agreement with the modal parameters identified using classical impact testing

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Road noise analysis Booming Noise at 80 Hz

Experimental Acoustical Cavity Mode: 80 Hz Acoustic wave is maximum for rear passenger

80 Hz rear seats

Transfer Path Analysis points to rear

suspension

front seats

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Road noise analysis Operational modal analysis of the rear suspension

Rollerbench test with bumps on rollers
Impulsive excitation High data consistency 2 runs / 45 dofs each 6 ref dofs

10.00

1.00

-11.00 0.00 s 21.00

0.00

-30.00 F F AutoPow er FARG:21:+Z Susp_Run1 AutoPow er FARG:21:+Z Susp_Run2

1.00

-60.00 0.00 Hz 512.00

0.00

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Amplitude

g2 dB

Amplitude

( ) Real

m/s2

Road noise analysis Stabilization diagram

LMS PolyMAX
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Road noise analysis Crosspower synthesis

10.0e-3 10.0e-3

g2 Log

Synthesized Crosspow er FARG:21:-X 1.00e-6 0.00 180.00 0.00

Hz Linear Linear Hz

180.00 180.00

Hz Synthesized Crosspow er AMAR:813:+Y/FARG:21:+Y Linear 100e-6 0.00 180.00 0.00 Linear Hz Synthesized Crosspow er AMAR:813:+Y/FARG:21:+Y 0.00 10.0e-3 Hz

g2 Log

180.00 180.00

Phase

-180.00

Synthesized Crosspow er FARG:21:-X 0.00 Hz 180.00

-180.00

Phase

180.00

1.00e-3

g2 Log

Hz Synthesized Crosspow er LONG:302:+Z/FARG:21:+Y Linear 1.00e-6 0.00 180.00 0.00 Linear Hz

Hz Synthesized Crosspow er TRAR:608:+Z/FARG:21:+Y 180.00 10.0e-6 0.00 Linear 180.00 180.00 0.00 Linear Hz

g2 Log

180.00 180.00

Phase

-180.00

Synthesized Crosspow er LONG:302:+Z/FARG:21:+Y 0.00 Hz 180.00

Phase
-180.00 0.00

Synthesized Crosspow er TRAR:608:+Z/FARG:21:+Y Hz 180.00

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Car Road Noise Results

Source problem: Bending of twist beam Solution: Tuned Vibration absorber or stiffen twist beam

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Car on the road Road Tests

3 : asphalt

4 : ramps
2 : ramps

5 : Belgian blocks 1 : runups

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Car on the road Run Up Test

Measurements
20

km/h -> 60 km/h on ordinary road in 2nd gear 24 dofs ( 45 sec.) Different acquisition runs, Down sampling to 100 Hz

Analysis
Balanced

Realization technique 0Hz - 35 Hz: Excitation especially in this frequency band Mainly rigid body and first flexible modes

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Car on the road 6 Important Modes

Rigid body modes First flexible modes

Torsion mode: 30.47 Hz Damping: 3.84 %

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Car on the road Belgian Blocks

Constant velocity : 20 km/h Extra rigid body mode High level excitation of the first two rigid
body modes

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Use of OMA for Updating Moan Noise Roller bench testing

320Hz

Brake suspension

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Use of OMA for Updating Moan Noise

Test (320Hz)

FE (312Hz)

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Damage detection: Sports Car

Fatigue problem attachment power train to body

During

test-track endurance test

Detailed test-track data analysis Laboratory EMA and test-track OMA Dynamic fatigue calculations Controlled laboratory endurance tests

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Operational Modal Analysis Conclusion

Part 1 Mature technology

Robust algorithms Many relevant industrial applications Complements Experimental Modal Analysis Better exploitation of operational data

Use PolyMAX to make OMA easy

Crystal-clear stabilization diagrams User-independent results

Part 2 Applications include

Troubleshooting Design verification / FE correlation Trend analysis Damage detection / Health monitoring

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Invitation

More information on
www.lmsintl.com

See LMS website for other web seminars

www.lmsintl.com

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46 LMS Web Seminar 2009 Operational modal analysis Part 2