BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, PILANIK.K.

Birla Goa Campus INSTRUCTION DIVISION SECOND SEMESTER 2013 2014 Course Handout part II In addition to part I (General Handout for all courses appended to the time table) this portion gives further specific details regarding the course. Course no: Course Title: Instructor in charge: Instructors: ME C332/ME F341 PRIME MOVERS AND FLUID MACHINES Varinder Singh Shibu Clement, Dilip Kumar Mohanty, Sreedhar Babu

1. Scope and Objective of the Course: The Course is intended to familiarize the students with theoretical analysis of energy conversion devices. The focus will be on discussion of working principles, selection criterion and design considerations as well as performance and application aspects of turbo-machines. Some of the reciprocating machines such as will also be discussed. 2. Text books: TB1: Jagdish lal; Hydraulic Machines; Metropolitan Book Company Private limited, New Delhi; 1975; 6th Edition. TB2: MS Soni, Prime Movers and Fluid Machines, EDD Notes. TB3: Mechanical Engineering Group; Laboratory manual Prime Movers and Fluid Machines; Educational Development Division, BITS Pilani K.K. Birla Goa Campus;. Reference Books: RB1: Agarwal S K; Fluid Mechanics and Machinery; Tata Mc-Graw Hill publishing company limited, New Delhi; 1997. RB2: Kadambi V & Manohar Prasad; An Introduction to Energy Conversion Volume III; New Age International (P) limited; 1977. RB3: Gorla and Khan, Turbo-Machines, CRC Press, New Delhi. (Taylor and Francis) 3. Course plan: Lect. Topics to be covered Chapter/section No. /Book 1 Principles of turbo machines; Classification; Energy Class notes; exchange in turbo machines. Chapter 1 TB1, Chapter 1 RB2 2-4 Initial development of water turbine; Analysis of impact Chapter 1of TB of jets on stationary and moving blade and a series of 1,; blades; Fundamental equation of hydraulic machines; Chapter 4 RB 1 Self study Elements of hydroelectric power plant; Concepts of Head Chapter 4 of TB and efficiency. 1 5-6 Hydraulic impulse turbines-Pelton Turbine: Construction, Chapter 5 TB1;

Lect. No. 7-9 10-11

Topics to be covered working and analysis. Hydraulic reaction turbines- Francis Turbine: Construction, working and analysis. Draft tube theory; Methods of governing the hydraulic turbines

12-14

Hydraulic reaction turbines- Kaplan Turbine: Construction, working and analysis Application of aerofoil theory 15-18 Characteristic curves for Hydraulic turbines and pumps; Selection of turbines; Model testing of turbines; Dimensionless numbers: Discharge number, Head number and Power number; 19-21 Reciprocating pumps; Methods of analysis; Acceleration and friction effects; Effect of using air vessels. 22-24 Centrifugal pumps; Classification; Basic equations of analysis; Curvature of blades; Velocity triangles; Characteristic curves and effect of series and parallel arrangement of multiple pumps; Model testing of turbines. Self study Other water lifting devices: jet pumps, Pulso meter pump, Hydraulic Ram, Gear Pump, Pressure intensifier Reciprocating compressors; Classification; Multi stage compression with inter cooling 25-27 Centrifugal compressor; Slip in centrifugal compressors; Stagnation values in centrifugal compressors; 28-30 Axial flow compressors: Cascade flow; Velocity triangles; Work done and Degree of reaction, Numerical examples. Steam nozzles; Critical pressure ratio & maximum discharge; effect of nozzle efficiency; meta stable flow of steam in nozzles; effect of super saturation; numerical examples Steam Impulse turbines; Concept of compounding of steam turbines; velocity diagrams of moving blades. Steam reaction turbines; degree of reaction; stage efficiency; turbine efficiency & reheat factor; losses in steam turbines; governing, Numerical examples. Gas turbines; elementary design; gas turbine blading; Numerical examples. (Blade material and other aspects to be covered in Power Plant Engineering)

Chapter/section /Book Chapter 13 RB1. Chapter 6 TB1; Chapter 13 RB1 Chapter 8, 15 TB1; Chapter 13 RB1 Chapter 7 TB1; Chapter 13 RB1 Chapter 3, 9, 15 of TB1; Class notes. Chapter 11 TB1; Chapter 14 RB1. Chapter 12 TB1; Chapter 14 RB1

31-33

Chapter 13 and 16 of TB 1 Section 15.1 to 15.3 of RB1 Section 15.4 of RB1; Chapter 5 of RB2. Section 15.5 of RB1; Chapter 5 of RB2. Chapter 2 TB2; Chapter 3 RB2.

34-37 38-40

Chapter 3 TB2: Chapter 4 RB2. Chapter 3 TB2; Chapter 4 RB2. Chapter 4 TB2

41-43

4. Self study assignments: Self study assignments will be given to the students. Some of the assignments as a sample are listed below. Student is expected to make use of resources in library, internet as well as scientific journals. (i) Find out different practical applications of gear pumps and also the reasons for this particular selection. (ii) How the Pelton turbine blades are manufactured. (iii) What are the new materials being developed for hydraulic turbine blades. (iv) Obtain the list of general problems faced in centrifugal pump installations and suggest remedial measures to correct them. (v) Find the installations where bulb turbines have been used. (vi) Obtain the data on major installation of Gas turbines and Steam turbines in India. (vii) Obtain the cost economics of Gas turbines, steam turbines and hydraulic turbines. (viii) Find the data on different types of compressors used for industrial purposes.

5. Evaluation Scheme: Component Test I Test II Lab performance and Reports Lab Exam (Viva) Comprehensive examination Continuous evaluation To be announced Time Marks 45 45 60 30 120 Continuous evaluation To be announced Date Remarks Closed Book Closed Book Open Book Closed Book Closed Book

6. Chamber Consultation hours: 5:00- 6:00 on Friday. 7. Notices: All the notices related to this course will be put up in the departmental notice board only. 8. Make up Policy: Make up will be given to only genuine cases. The request application should reach the Instructor in charge before commencement of scheduled test. 9. Laboratory Exercises: Laboratory is an integral part of this course and students must make sure to attend all the laboratory exercises without fail. Performance in the laboratory experiments will be continuously evaluated. Experiments from the following list will be used for carrying out laboratory exercises. (i) To obtain the main and operating characteristics of a Pelton turbine. (ii) To obtain the main characteristics of a Francis Turbine.

(iii) To conduct a test on a single stage Centrifugal Pump at various speeds to obtain the pump characteristics and (iv) To verify the Fan laws for centrifugal pump. (v) To obtain the characteristics of a Reciprocating Pump at various head and discharge. (vi) To study the performance of a Hydraulic Ram by determining DAubisson and rankine efficiencies. (vii) To obtain the characteristics of a Gear Pump at constant speed. (viii) To conduct a performance test on a two-stage Air Compressor and determine its volumetric efficiency and isothermal efficiency. (ix) To find the specific fuel consumption and the brake thermal efficiency of a Greaves SCFS petrol engine running at full throttle under varying load conditions (x) To conduct the performance test on a single cylinder four stroke Diesel Engine and to prepare a heat balance sheet when running at constant speed. (xi) PC based performance analysis of Maruti Alto 3 cylinder, 4 stroke MPFI petrol engine running at part throttle and varying speed. (xii) To plot pressure distribution on the profile of a Cylinder and the profile of NACA 0018 airfoil, each placed in the laminar flow of air. (xiii) To draw the valve timing diagram for the given cut-section model of a diesel engine (xiv) Study the constructional features of the multi-cylinder petrol engine with the help of cut section model of an automobile. 10. Safety All safety precautions listed in the laboratory manual including wearing of safety apron must be adhered to strictly failing which the admission to laboratory may be denied. Instructor In-Charge ME C332/ ME F341