Pre-Tender Activities 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Site Investigation/Determining the items required. Scope of job & description of work under the job.

Local Rates determination It gives the idea of local rates prevailing for different material & services. Guidelines It gives the outlines of terms & conditions under which the work has to be carried out. Estimations of quantities & costs It gives a rough cost estimate of the work to be done. Thereafter, Tender is prepared & floated.

Post-Tender Activities 1. Pre-bid meeting It is called to clarify & give information to vendors in case of any doubts or question raised. 2. Quotations from vendors: a. Unpriced bid opening 1) Commercial Evaluation- It gives opportunity to vendors to quote any deviations from the terms & conditions. 2) Technical Evaluation It checks the technical qualification of the vendors. b. Priced bid opening It gives the priced quotations from the eligible vendors. 3. Suitable vendor selection based on its quotation & reliability of its work.

Types of Tenders 1. Public Tender: This type of tender is advertised in the newspaper where anyone can participate. The lowest bidder, technically qualified is awarded the contract. It is of high estimated cost. 2. Limited Tender: In this type, only registered vendors are allowed to participate. It is of comparatively lower estimated cost The above tenders contain any of the following types of orders: a. Normal Order: In this type, accurate estimation of the quantities of materials & labour is done (+/- 20%) & the payment of the total cost incurred is done at the successful completion of the project. b. Standing Order: In this type, estimation of the quantities required is not accurately assessed. There is a financial limit for the job & call ups are made for the different work to be done under the job. Different orders are placed based on need of job to be completed in stipulated time: i) Nomination Order: Nomination order is placed when only one particular vendor can do the job. (when the job is vendor specific) Why nomination, why the chosen vendor & what is the justification for rates These queries are to be answered prior to the order placement. Confirmatory Order: In this type, the vendor is selected on an emergency basis & the job is done prior to the placing of order H1 order: This type of order is for small jobs of < ` 50000/- others things being of normal order. In this type, the normal tendering process is not there.

ii)

iii)