AMERICAN OCCUPATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII. XIII. XIV. Objectives of Americans for the Philippines Military Government The Schurman Commission The Taft Commission The Spooner Amendment Civil Government on the Philippines The Philippine Bill of 1902 The Political Parties The Philippine Assembly Filipinization of the Government Jones Law of 1916 Hare-Hawes Cutting Act and Tydings McDuffie Law The 1935 Constitution The Commonwealth Government

Objectives of Americans to the Philippines

Economic Group Military Group Religious Group Benevolent Assimilation The Philippines is ours not to exploit but to develop, to civilize, to educate and to train in the science of government.

Military Government
August 14, 1898 July 4, 1901 Military Governors of the Philippines 1. Wesley Merritt 2. Elwell Otis 3. Arthur MacArthur

The Schurman Commission

Led by Dr. Jacob Schurman on March 4, 1899 Arrived at the time of Filipino-American War Recommended to President McKinley to keep the Philippines because the Filipinos were not yet ready for independence.

The Taft Commission

March 16, 1900 arrived on June 3, 1900 Facilitate the establishment of Civil Government in the Philippines Establish municipal governments 400 laws, among were the following: 1. Appropriation of P2,000,000 for the construction and maintenance of roads and bridges 2. Establishment of the Philippine Constabulary 3. Establishment of Civil Service Commission 4. Establishment of Bureau of Agrigulture 5. Creation of the province of Benguet 6. Organization of municipal and local governments

Spooner Amendment
The passage of the Spooner Amendment on March 2, 1901 confirmed the presidential power to establish a military government in the Philippines. It also reiterated the power of the President to establish a civil government if the conditions in the country warranted it.

The Civil Government

Established on July 4, 1901 The Philippines is for the Filipinos Peace and order (Visayas and Mindanao) P6,000,000 budget Buy the Friar Lands (410,000 acres)

Governor-Generals
William Howard Taft Luke Wright Henry Ide James Francis Smith William Cameron Forbes Newton Gilbert Francis Burton Harrison Charles Yeater

Governor-Generals
Leonard Wood Eugene Allen Gilmore Henry Stimson Eugene Allen Gilmore Dwight Davis George C. Butte Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. Frank Murphy

The Philippine Bill 0f 1902

Bill of Rights (similar to the Americans) Resident Commissioners Establishment of the Philippine Assembly conditions: 1. Full restoration of peace and order 2. Conduct of a nationwide census 3. A two-year moratorium after the publication of census

The Formation of Political Parties

Nacionalista Party - Wanted immediate independence

Sergio Osmea, Sr.

Federal Party - Wanted the Philippines to be a state of the United States

Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera

The Philippine Assembly

July 30, 1907 Inaugurated on October 16, 1907 at Manila Grand Opera House Nacionalista won 59 seats (majority) Sergio Osmea elected as Speaker of the House and Manuel Quezon as Majority Floor Leader The assemblymen were proud of their new responsibilities so they did their best in enacting laws that would uplift the condition of the Filipinos

The Philippine Assembly

Some of the laws passed by the Assembly were the following: 1. Gabaldon Act of 1907, which provided for appropriation of 1,000,000 for the construction of schools 2. Establishment of the University of the Philippines 3. Establishment of an agricultural bank which later became the Philippine National Bank.

Filipinization of the Government

The Positions held by the Americans were filled up by qualified Flipinos as soon as they were vacated Became even more rapid during the administration of Gov. Gen. Harrison. He increased the number of Filipinos in the Philippine Commission During Gov. Harrisons tenure, the Civil Retirement Act was passed and this speeded up Filipinization. By the end of his term in 1921, there were 13,240 Filipinos and only 641 Americans in the civil service.
Francis Burton Harrison (1913-1921)

Jones Law of 1916

August 29, 1916 The first organic law which provided for granting o Philippine independence From the efforts of Manuel Quezon as resident commissioner It provided for a bicameral assembly It also provided that the executive department would remain under American control

Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act and TydingsMcDuffie Law

Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act -product of OsRox Mission -caused the division of the legislature -rejected on October 17, 1933 by the legislature Tydings-McDuffie Law -product of Quezon Mission -almost word-for-word restatement of HareHawes-Cutting Act -approved unanimously by the legislature on May 1, 1934

Independence by fulfillment of conditions

The Tydings-McDuffie Law provided for the granting of independence upon fulfillment of the following conditions: 1. Acceptance of the law 2. Holding of a Constitutional Convention 3. Ratification of the Constitution by means of a plebiscite 4. General elections for commonwealth officials 5. Establishment of a ten-year commonwealth government

The Constitutional Convention

Inaugurated on July 30, 1934 Known in history as the 1934 Constitutional Commission Claro M. Recto elected as president as well as the other Filipinos in the Congress and Senate (Ruperto Montinola, First VP; Teodoro Sandiko, Second VP; Narciso Pimentel, Sec.; Narciso Diokno, Sgt. at Arms) February 8, 1935, approval of the constitution March 23, 1935, signed and approved by President Franklin Roosevelt May 14, 1935, ratified in a plebiscite

Signing of 1935 Constitution

Election of Commonwealth Officials

September 17, 1935 Coalition Party: Quezon-Osmea tandem Landslide victory of the coalition Osmea got the highest votes Quezon surpassed his opponents Gregorio Aglipay and Emilio Aguinaldo Sworn before Chief Justice Ramon Avancea

Inauguration of Commonwealth Government