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History of Drinking Water Filtration: Water Treatment Plant Filters
History of Drinking Water Filtration: Water Treatment Plant Filters
History of Drinking Water Filtration: Water Treatment Plant Filters
Filters cleanse water to different extents for purposes like irrigation, drinking water, aquariums, ponds and swimming pools.
Methods of filtration[edit]
Main article: Filtration Filters use sieving, adsorption, ion exchanges, biological metabolite transfer, and other processes. Unlike a sieve or screen, a filter can remove particles much smaller than the holes through which the water passes
Types of filters[edit]
Water treatment plant filters[edit]
Main article: Water purification Types of water filters media filters, screen filters, disk filters, slow sand filter beds, rapid sand filters, cloth [5] [6] filters, and biological filters such as algae scrubbers.
Point-of-use filters[edit]
Point-of-use filters for home use include granular-activated carbon filters (GAC) used for carbon filtering, metallic alloy filters, microporous ceramic filters, carbon block resin (CBR), microfiltration andultrafiltration membranes. Some filters use more than one filtration method. An example of this is a multi-barrier system. Jug filters can be used for small quantities of drinking water. Some kettles have built-in filters, primarily to reduce limescale buildup.
Point-of-use microfiltration devices can be directly installed at water outlets (faucets, showers) in order to protect users against Legionella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Nontuberculous mycobacteria, Escherichia coli and other potentially harmful water pathogens by providing a barrier to them and/or minimizing patient exposure.
These water filters should not be confused with devices or tablets that disinfect water which remove or kill viruses such as hepatitis A and rotavirus.
Water polishing[edit]
The term water polishing can refer to any process that removes small (usually microscopic) particulate material, or removes very low concentrations of dissolved material from water. The process and its meaning vary from setting to setting: a manufacturer of aquarium filters may claim that its filters perform water polishing by capturing "micro particles" within nylon or polyester pads just as a chemical engineer can use the term to refer to the removal of magnetic resins from a solution by passing the solution over a [8] bed of magnetic particulate. In this sense, water polishing is simply another term for whole house water [9] filtration systems. Polishing is also done on a large scale in water reclamation plants. Water filters have been used throughout history to improve the aesthetics and safety of drinking water. They have also been more recently used for industrial and commercial applications. The history of water [1 filtration is closely linked with the broader history of improvements in public health.
Regulation[edit]
The Metropolis Water Act introduced the regulation of the water supply companies in London, including minimum standards of water quality for the first time. The Act "made provision for securing the supply to the Metropolis of pure and wholesome water", and required that all water be "effectually filtered" from 31 [9] December 1855. This was followed up with legislation for the mandatory inspection of water quality, including comprehensive chemical analyses, in 1858. This legislation set a worldwide precedent for similar state public health interventions across Europe. The Metropolitan Commission of Sewers was formed at the same time, water filtration was adopted throughout the country, and new water intakes on the Thames were established above Teddington Lock. Automatic pressure filters, where the water is [5] forced under pressure through the filtration system, were innovated in 1899 in England. Limited drinking water standards were first implemented in the US in 1914, but it would not be until the 1940s that federal drinking water standards were widely applied. In 1972, the Clean Water Act passed through Congress and became law, requiring industrial plants to proactively improve their waste procedures in order to limit the effect of contaminants on freshwater sources. In 1974, the Safe Drinking Water Act was adopted by all 50 U.S. states for the regulation of public water systems within their jurisdictions