Here is a brief summary of the isolation of magnesium.

Magnesium can be made commercially by several processes and would not normally be
made in the laboratory because of its ready availability. There are massive amounts of
magnesium in seawater. This can be recovered as magnesium chloride, MgCl2 through
reaction with calcium oxide, CaO.
CaO + H2O ~{!z~} Ca2+ + 2OH-
Mg2+ + 2OH- ~{!z~} Mg(OH)2
Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl ~{!z~} MgCl2 + 2H2O
Electrolysis of hot molten MgCl2 affords magnesium as a liquid whih is poured off and
chlorine gas.
cathode: Mg2+(l) + 2e- ~{!z~} Mg anode: Cl-(l) ~{!z~} 1/2Cl2 (g) + e-
The other methos used to produce magnesium is non electrolytic and involves dolomite,
[MgCa(CO3)2], an important magnesium mineral. This is "calcined" by heating to form
calcined dolomite, MgO.CaO, and this reacted with ferrosilicon alloy.
2[MgO.CaO] + FeSi ~{!z~} 2Mg + Ca2SiO4 + Fe
The magnesium may be distilled out from this mixture of products

General:
Name: Magnesium Symbol: Mg
Group: Alkali Earth Atomic weight: 24.305
Density @ 293 K: 1.738 g/cm3 Atomic volume: 13.97 cm3/mol
Group: Alkali Earth discovered: 1808

States:
state (s, l, g): s
melting point: 922 K boiling point: 1378 K
Heat of fusion: 8.954 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization: 127.40 kJ/mol

Energies:
1st ionization energy: 737.7 kJ/mole
electronegativity: 1.31
electron affinity: kJ/mole
Specific heat: 1.02 J/gK
2nd ionization energy: 1450.6 kJ/mole
3rd ionization energy: 7732.6 kJ/mole
heat atomization: 148 kJ/mole atoms

Oxidation & Electrons:

Shells: 2,8,2 electron configuration: [Ne] 3s2
minimum oxidation number: 0 maximum oxidation number: 2
min. common oxidation no.: 0 max. common oxidation no.: 2
Appearance & Characteristics:
structure: hcp: hexagonal close pkd color: silvery
uses: alloys, flash bulbs toxicity:
hardness: 2 mohs characteristics: burns brightly

Reactions:
reaction with air: vigorous,w/ht
=>MgO,Mg3N2

reaction with 6M HCl: mild, =>H2, MgCl2 reaction with 6M HCl: mild, =>H2, MgCl2
reaction with 15M HNO3: vigorous, reaction with 6M NaOH: none
=>NOx, Mg(NO3)2

Other Forms:
number of isotopes: 3 hydride(s): MgH2
oxide(s): MgO chloride(s): MgCl2

Radius:
ionic radius (2- ion): pm ionic radius (1- ion): pm
atomic radius: 160 pm ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
ionic radius (2+ ion): 86 pm ionic radius (3+ ion): pm

Conductivity:
thermal conductivity: 156 J/m-sec-deg
electrical conductivity: 224.719 polarizability: 10.6 A^3
1/mohm-cm

Abundance:
source: Seawater, magnesite
rel. abund. solar system: 6.031 log abundance earth's crust: 4.4 log
cost, pure: 3.7 $/100g

Date: Mon, 28 Jan 2008 13:38:06 -0800

From: felesetab@yahoo.com
Subject: ADYRUAL
To: FILOROCKU@HOTMAIL.COM

Here is a brief summary of the isolation of magnesium.

Magnesium can be made commercially by several processes and would not normally be
made in the laboratory because of its ready availability. There are massive amounts of
magnesium in seawater. This can be recovered as magnesium chloride, MgCl2 through
reaction with calcium oxide, CaO.
CaO + H2O ~{!z~} Ca2+ + 2OH-
Mg2+ + 2OH- ~{!z~} Mg(OH)2
Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl ~{!z~} MgCl2 + 2H2O
Electrolysis of hot molten MgCl2 affords magnesium as a liquid whih is poured off and
chlorine gas.
cathode: Mg2+(l) + 2e- ~{!z~} Mg anode: Cl-(l) ~{!z~} 1/2Cl2 (g) + e-
The other methos used to produce magnesium is non electrolytic and involves dolomite,
[MgCa(CO3)2], an important magnesium mineral. This is "calcined" by heating to form
calcined dolomite, MgO.CaO, and this reacted with ferrosilicon alloy.
2[MgO.CaO] + FeSi ~{!z~} 2Mg + Ca2SiO4 + Fe
The magnesium may be distilled out from this mixture of products

General:
Name: Magnesium Symbol: Mg
Group: Alkali Earth Atomic weight: 24.305
Density @ 293 K: 1.738 g/cm3 Atomic volume: 13.97 cm3/mol
Group: Alkali Earth discovered: 1808

States:
state (s, l, g): s
melting point: 922 K boiling point: 1378 K
Heat of fusion: 8.954 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization: 127.40 kJ/mol

Energies:
1st ionization energy: 737.7 kJ/mole
electronegativity: 1.31
electron affinity: kJ/mole
Specific heat: 1.02 J/gK
2nd ionization energy: 1450.6 kJ/mole
3rd ionization energy: 7732.6 kJ/mole
heat atomization: 148 kJ/mole atoms

Oxidation & Electrons:

Shells: 2,8,2 electron configuration: [Ne] 3s2
minimum oxidation number: 0 maximum oxidation number: 2
min. common oxidation no.: 0 max. common oxidation no.: 2

Appearance & Characteristics:

structure: hcp: hexagonal close pkd color: silvery
uses: alloys, flash bulbs toxicity:
hardness: 2 mohs characteristics: burns brightly

Reactions:
reaction with air: vigorous,w/ht
=>MgO,Mg3N2

reaction with 6M HCl: mild, =>H2, MgCl2 reaction with 6M HCl: mild, =>H2, MgCl2
reaction with 15M HNO3: vigorous, reaction with 6M NaOH: none
=>NOx, Mg(NO3)2

Other Forms:
number of isotopes: 3 hydride(s): MgH2
oxide(s): MgO chloride(s): MgCl2

Radius:
ionic radius (2- ion): pm ionic radius (1- ion): pm
atomic radius: 160 pm ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
ionic radius (2+ ion): 86 pm ionic radius (3+ ion): pm

Conductivity:
thermal conductivity: 156 J/m-sec-deg
electrical conductivity: 224.719 polarizability: 10.6 A^3
1/mohm-cm

Abundance:
source: Seawater, magnesite
rel. abund. solar system: 6.031 log abundance earth's crust: 4.4 log
cost, pure: 3.7 $/100g cost, bulk: 0.32 $/100g
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Create a PowerPoint presentation from a Word outline

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your Word document. For example, each paragraph formatted with the Heading 1 style
becomes the title of a new slide, each Heading 2 becomes the first level of text, and so
on.

1. Open the document you want to use to create a PowerPoint presentation.

2. On the File menu, point to Send To, and then click Microsoft PowerPoint.