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Transformer 2W2
Transformer 2W2
Transformer 2W2
Ideal Transformer
Conditions for the ideal transformer. a) no leakage flux b) all core losses (both hysteresis and eddy) are zero c) the windings have zero resistance d)the permeability of the core is infinite ( the exciting current is negligible)
Ideal Transformer
Relation between current that flows in the primary winding, ip(t) and current that flows in the secondary winding, is(t):
N PiP (t ) = N S iS (t ) iP (t ) 1 = iS (t ) a
(2)
VP =a VS IP 1 = IS a
(4)
(3)
(5)
Transformer Impedance
Primary Impedance: Primary Voltage: Primary Current: Primary impedance in terms of secondary impedance
ZL '= VP IP
(15)
VP = aVS
(16)
IS IP = a
(17)
Example 1
A transformer coil possesses 4000 turns and links an ac flux having a peak value of 2 mWb. If the frequency is 60 Hz, calculate the effective value of the induced voltage E. Ans: 2131V
Example 2
A coil having 90 turns is connected to a 120V, 60 Hz source. If the effective value of the magnetizing current is 4 A, calculate the following: a. The peak value of flux b. The peak value of the mmf c. The inductive reactance of the coil d. The inductance of the coil.
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Approximate equivalent circuit c) Referred to primary side (no exicitation) d) Referred to secondary side (no excitation).
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Example 3
A not-quite-ideal transformer having 90 turns on the primary and 2250 turns on the secondary is connected to a 120 V, 60 hz source. The coupling between the primary and the secondary is perfect but the magnetizing current is 4 A. calculate: a. The effective voltage across the secondary terminals b. The peak voltage across the secondary terminals. c. The instantaneous voltage across the secondary when the instantaneous voltage across the primary is 37 V. Ans: 3000V, 4242 V, 925 V.
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Example 4
An ideal transformer having 90 turns on the primary and 2250 turns on the secondary is connected to a 200 V, 50 Hz source. The load across the secondary draws a current of 2 A at a power factor of 80 per cent lagging. Calculate : a. The effective value of the primary current b. The instantaneous current in the primary when the instantaneous current in the secondary is 100 mA. c. The peak flux linked by the secondary winding. Ans: 50 A, 2.5 A, 10 mWb.
Example 5
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Calculate voltage E and current I in the circuit of Fig. shown below, knowing that the ideal transformer T has a primary to secondary turns ratio of 1;100.
Ans: 800 V, 2 A.
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Z SE
VSC = I SC
Z SE = Req + jX eq Z SE = ( RP + a 2 RS ) + j ( X P + a 2 X S )
Power factor:
PF = cos =
PSC VSC I SC
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3 phase Transformer
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Connection Y-Y
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Transformer Y- Connection
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Transformer -Y Connection
Transformer - Connection
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VLP VP = =a VLS VS
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