Chapter 6 Waves (Student's Copy) 2014

Prepared By : Mohd Syahmi Samsudin
Physics Module Form 5 Chapter 6:Wave
CHAPTER 6: WAVE
6.1 Understanding Waves 1. Motion of Waves A wave front is a line or plane on which the vibration of every points on it are in phase and are at the.(same/different) position from the source of the water. 2. When we use a fin ertip to touch the surface of water repeatedly! ....(circular/plane) wavefronts are produced. ". #ypes of waves #here are 2 types of waves $% (a) . (b) . &. #ransverse wave (i). #ransverse wave is a wave in which the vibration of particles in the medium is at .. (parallel/perpendicular) to the direction of propa ation of the wave.
A A
A ' .(crest / compression) ( ' ..(rarefaction /trou h) (ii). )*ample of transverse wave$ i. .. ii... iii.. +. ,on itudinal waves (i) A lon itudinal is a wave in which the vibration of particles in the medium is .(parallel / proportional) to the direction of propa ation of wave.
-
(ii) )*ample of lon itudinal wave$.. - ' ..(crest / compression) . ' ..(rarefaction / trou h)
1
Amplitude, Period and re!uen"# o$ a Wave
A (
A ( 6
/i ure 0.21
1. )2uilibrium position 2.
is .
3ne complete oscillation of the pendulum occurs when the pendulum bob moves from ............
". #he period! # of a vibratin system is ... &. /re2uency! f is #he 4.5. unit is .. $ %
+.
1 T
or
$ %
n t
4troboscope is use to .. 4troboscope fre2uency ' number of slits * rotation fre2uency of stroboscope $ % np or
0. Wave speed 5f the wavelen th of the wave is ! the waves move forward a distance of f * per second. #herefore! the speed of waves! v v%$
&uestion ( 5n an e*periment ! ,im observes that a simple &uestion pendulum ' completes "1 ascillations in &;.1 A child on a swin swin s in seconds. What is ma9es 21 complete 2 "1 seconds. What is the fre2uency of the the period of oscillation: oscillation: #he fre2uency of oscillation:
/re2uency! f #he number of complete oscillations per second. #he 4.5. unit is 7ert8 (78) #he number of $ complete % 1 oscillations or $ % per n second. T t #he 4.5. unit is 7ert8 (78)
E)er"ise 6.1
/i ure 0.11 1. (a) #he wavelen th of the wave in the dia ram above is iven by letter . (b) #he amplitude of the wave in the dia ram above is iven by letter 2. 5ndicate the interval which represents one full wavelen th.
/i ure 0.11 Answer$
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E)er"ise 6.11 1. 5n an e*periment ! ,im observes that a simple pendulum completes "1 oscillations in 1+.1 seconds. What is (a) the fre2uency of oscillation: (b) the period of oscillation: Ans er: (a) f ' "1/1+ ' 2 78 (b) # ' 1/f ' 1/2 ' 1.+ s 2. <isplacement/cm + 1 %+ 6alculate the fre2uency of the iven wave above. Ans er : T ! "s f!
1 #$ T
&
#ime/s
! %&'5 #$ <isplacement/cm + 1 %+ ". 2 & 0 <istance/cm
(ased in the displacement%distance raph of a wave! find (a) the amplitude (b) the wavelen th of the wave Ans er: (a) amplitude ! 5 cm (*) Wavelen+th ! %&" cm
&
&.
A transverse wave is found to have a distance of & cm from a trou h to a crest! a fre2uency of 12 78! and a distance of + cm from a crest to the nearest trou h. <etermine the amplitude! period! wavelen th and speed of such a wave. Answer$
+.
A irl moves a lon slin9y sprin at a fre2uency of " 78 to produce a transverse wave with a wavelen th of 1.+ m. What is the wave speed of the waves alon the slin9y sprin : Answer$
6.* "m +
0.
#he fi ure shows a wavefront pattern in a ripple tan9 produced by a vibratin dipper at fre2uency of + 78. What is the wave speed: Answer$ f ' + 78 ' 0.1/& ' 1.+ cm ='f ' >.+ cm s%1
,.- "m +
>. #he fi ure shows a wavefront pattern in a ripple tan9 produced by a vibratin dipper at fre2uency of + 78. What is the wave speed: Ans er: f ! 5 #$ ! "&5,- ! .&5 cm /!f ! 0&5 cm s1.
21 cm (+) ;. A mechanical stroboscope has 12 slits and rotates at a fre2uency + 78. #he stroboscope is used to observe water waves. #he observer notes there are 0 successive bri ht bands at a distance 21 cm. 6alculate the speed of the water waves. Ans er: f'np ' 12 * + ' 01 78 ' 21/+ ' & cm ='f ' 01 * & ' 2&1 cm s%1
?.
#he fi ure shows a loudspea9er produces a sound with a fre2uency "11 78. 6alculate (a) the wavelen th. (b) the speed of sound Ans er: (a) %&6 m (*) / ! f ! -%% 2 %&5 ! .5% m s1.
11. A iven wave travels at a speed of 2 * 11+ ms%1. 5f the fre2uency of the wave is 1111 78! 6alculate the wavelen th Ans er: ! v,f !
2 211 + 1111
! '%% m
11. (a) (ase on the fi ure determine! (i) the amplitude (ii) the wave len th (b) What is the fre2uency of the sound if the speed of sound is ""1 ms%1. Ans er: (a) (i) ' cm (ii) 5% cm (*) f ! v , ! --% , %&5 ! 66% #$ .amping
/i ure 0.12
>
1. 2.
<ampin is a .. When a system is damped ! the amplitude of the of oscillation . (decreases/increases) slowly until the system stops oscillatin . <ampin is usually caused by $% (i) e2ternal frictional forces such as air resistance (ii) internal forces 3 here ener+y is lost from the system in form of heat. Resonans the phenomenon hen the oscilatin+ system is driven at its natural fre4uency *y A resonance is a periodic force& .. E)periment to s6o7 a p6enomenon o$ resonan"e
".
) A ( 6 /i ure 0.12$ (arton@s pendulum -endulum ( and < are the same len th. When pendulum ( oscilates! all the pendulum start to oscilate. (ut pendulum ( and < have the same len th! so there have same natural fre2uency. 4o pendulum < will oscilates with (ma*imum/minimum) amplitude. <
6.' 1. 2.
A/A0123/4 RE R0ECT35/ 5 WAVE2 Aeflection of a wave occurs when a wave stri9es an obstacle such as barrier! plane reflector! mirror and wall. #he reflection of waves obeys the law of reflection $ .. When the reflection of a wave happened ! the wavelen th !B! the fre2uency! f and the speed! v .but the direction of propa ation of the wave chan es.
".
)*ercise 0.2 6omplete the dia ram below.
Re$le"tion o$ 7ater 7aves 1. 4how the pattern of the reflection of the water waves (a) (b)
(b)
2. 4how the dar9 and bri ht pattern on the screen below.
Water waves Aipple tan9
4creen ( ' (ri ht < ' <ar9
11
Re$le"tion o$ 0ig6t Wave 1. When rays of li ht stri9e any surface the rays are reflected ! unless the surface is blac9! when they are absorbed. 2. A plane mirror is a flat smooth surface which reflects re ularly most of the li ht fallin on it.
/i ure 0.21 1. #he characteristics of reflection of li ht waves$ 2. #he bri ht and dar9 bands of the wave pattern formed on the screen because the surface of water acts as lenses. #he crest of water waves similar with . (concave lens ,conve2 lens) and the trou h of water waves similar with (concave lens ,conve2 lens)& E)er"ise 6.'1 #he dia ram shows a sin le ray of li ht bein directed at a plane mirror. What are the an les of incidence and reflection:
(a) (b)
"+o Ans er: i !r ! 5% 6 -5 ! 55 i ! r ! 0% o

o
2.
11
Re$le"tion o$ sound 7aves 1. #he sound waves is reflected by walls and ceilin s of buildin s! unborn baby or sea bed.
/i ure 0.21 2. #he sound wave from the stopwatch e*perience a reflection after stri9in the smooth wall. e4ual to #he an le of incidence! i is .(e2ual to /more than/less than) the an le of reflection! r. E)er"ise 6.''
1.
#he dia ram shows a student shoutin in front of a school buildin . 6alculate the time ta9en by the student to hear the echo of his voice. C#he speed of sound in air is "&1 m s%1 D Answer$
12
2.
5f an echo is heard one second after the holler and reflects off canyon walls which are a distance of 1>1 meters away! then what is the speed of the wave: Answer$ 's ! v 2 t ! ' (.0%) . ! -"% m s1. A/A0123/4 RE RACT35/ 5 WAVE2
6.(
chan+e of direction of the propa+ation of aves 1. #he refraction of water waves occur when there is a travelin+ from a medium to another medium due to a chan+e of speed&
/i ure 0."1 1. After refraction! the wave has the same . but a different .
1"
Re$ra"tion o$ Water Waves
<eep
shallow /i ure 0."1
to ards 1. When the water wave travel from a deep area! the direction of the waves is refracted (to ards,a ay from) the normal. +reater 2. #he an le of incidence! i of the water is . (+reater , smaller) than the an le of refraction! r 3. When the refraction of a wave happened ! the fre2uency! f does not chan e but the avelen+th 3:3 the speed and the direction of propa+ation ................................................................................of the wave chan e. E)er"ise 6.( 1. 6omplete the table below to show the properties of refracted water waves when wave travels from one area to another area of a different depth. Ese the words iven. Enchan ed 5ncreases <ecreases (ends towards the normal (ends away from the normal -roperties of refracted water waves Wavelen th =elocity /re2uency <irection of travel <eep water to shallow water 7ecreases 7ecreases 9nchan+ed Bends to ards the normal 4hallow water to deep water 8ncreases 8ncreases 9nchan+ed Bends a ay from the normal
1&
3n each of the followin dia ram! draw the refracted wave by the perspe*. (a) (b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
2.
A plane wave has a wavelen th of 2 cm and a velocity of ; cms%1 as it moves over the surface of shallow water. When the plane wave moves into an area of reater! depth! its velocity becomes 12 cms%1. What is the a. wavelen th b. fre2uency of the wave in the area of reater depth: Ans er:
1+
Re$ra"tion o$ 7ater 7ave o$ t6e sea 7ater
/i ure 0."2 1. Why are the speed and wavelen th of waves in the middle of the sea almost uniform: 2. What do you thin9 would happen to the wave speed if the depth of water is increased: .. . ". Why do the distances between the wavefronts decrease as the waves approach the beach: &. Why is the water in the bay stationary compared to the water at the cape: The depth of ater varies across the area of the *ay The ener+y of the ater ave spreads to a ider area as compared to the re+ion near the cape The amplitude of the ater ave near the *ay is lo and hence the ater at the *ay is comparatively still
10
Re$ra"tion o$ 0ig6t Waves normal
air lass bloc9
/i ure 0."" 1. When a ray propa ates from one medium to an optically denser medium! the ray refracts to ards ;;;;;;;(to ards , a ay from) the normal. decreases 2. #he speed of li ht ;;;;;&(decreases,increases) as it propa ates in the lass bloc9! causin it to alter the direction of propa ation. Re$ra"tion o$ 2ound Waves
/i ure 0."& (a)
/i ure 0."& (b)
1. 4ound waves travel faster in warm air than incold .. (cold/hot) air. 2. 3n a hot day! the hot surface of the )arth causes the layer of air near the surface to be ( armer,cooler) ". #his causes sound waves to be refracted . (reflected,refracted) away from the )arth. slo er &. 3n a cool ni ht! the sound waves travel .(slo er,faster)in the cooler layer of air near the surface of the )arth than in the upper! warmer air. #he waves are refracted towards the )arth. 7ence! sound can be heard over a lon er distance on a coldni+ht ;;;&(ni+ht,day) compared with a hot day.
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RACT35/ 5 WAVE2 the spreadin+ out of aves hen 1. <iffraction of waves is they .......................................................................... move throu+h a +ap or around an o*stacle& 2. #he effect of diffraction is obvious only if small (a) the si8e of the aperture or obstacle is ..small / lar e enou h. lar+e (b) the wavelen th is small /lar e enou h. speed ". /re2uency! wavelen th and of waves do not chan e of propa+ation and the pattern of the waves are chan e &. #hedirection . .i$$ra"tion o$ 7ater 7aves
6., A/A0123/4 .3
E)er"ise 6., 1. #he table shows the properties of diffracted water waves as they pass throu h a ap. 6hoose the correct answers iven into the blan9s. Enchan ed 5ncreased <ecreased After passin throu h a ap
-roperties of diffracted water waves Wavelen th 4peed /re2uency
1;
2. 6omplete the dia rams below by drawin the wavefronts to show the diffraction of water waves. (a) Garrow ap H B (b) Wider ap F B
(c)Wider obstacle
/rom the dia ram above! (d) Garrow obstacle narro er 1. #he .(narrower/wider) the ap! the more the waves spread out. 2. When the ap is much wider than the wavelen th of the waves! there is . (little/more) diffraction.
1?
Diffraction of light waves
/i ure 0.&1 <ifraction of li ht throu h a sin le slit (ri ht at the centre
/i ure 0.&1 (a) Garrow slit
/i ure 0.1(b) Wide slit
1. #he diffraction of li ht waves occur when the li ht waves pass throu h a small slit or small pin hole. 2. #he wider middle bri ht frin e shows that the li ht waves diffracted after pass throu h a narrow slit. less ". 5f the slit becomes wider! diffraction pattern becomes .. (less/more) distint. .i$$ra"tion o$ sound 7aves
21
/i ure 0.&2
21
1. A listener is re2uested to stand on the other side of the corner of the wall so that the radio is beyond his vision. 2. #he listener is able to hear the sound of the radio althou h it is behind the wall. ". 5t is because the sound of the radio spreads around the corner of the wall due to diffraction of sound. 6.- A/A0123/4 3/TER ERE/CE WAVE 1. 5nterference is the superposition of two waves from two coherent sources meet amplitude fre4uency 2. #wo waves are in coherent if they are of the same .and ! ". #here are two types of interference $ (a) Constructive interference (*) 7esctructive interference Prin"iple o$ superposition When t o aves overlap3 the resultant displacement is 1. #he principle of superposition states that e4ual to the sum of the displacements of the individual ave the crests or trou+hs of *oth aves coincide to produce 2. 6onstructive interference occurs when a ave ith ma2imum amplitude& ". the crests of one ave coincide ith the trou+h of <estructive interference occurs when the other aves to produce a ave ith $ero amplitude 6onstructive 5nterference I '
&. (a)
(efore superposition /i ure 0.+1 (a) I (efore superposition /i ure 0.+1 (b) '
<urin superposition
<urin superposition
22
When the vertical displacemet of two waves are in the same direction as in /i ure 0.+1 constructive (a) and (b)! (constructive/destructive) interference occurs. (b) <estructive 5nterference I (efore superposition /i ure 0.+1 5f a wave with a positive displacement meets another with a ne ative displacement of the same ma nitude! they cancel each other and the combined amplitude becomes $ero& . 3nte$eren"e o$ Water Waves ' <urin superposition
/i ure 0.+2$ 5nteference of water waves 1. 2. At the points of constructive interference! the water moves up and down with a lar+e (lar e/ small) amplitude antinodes #he points of constructive interferences! is 9nown as ..( nodes/antinodes) nodes #he points of destructive interferences is 9nown as (nodes/antinodes).
2"
E)er"ise 6.8 C A
/i ure 0.+" 1. /i ure 0.+" shows the interference pattern of water by two coherent sources of water waves. constructive (i) At point A! two crest meet resultin in .. interference. constructive (ii) At point (! two throu h meet resultin in ..interference. destructive (iii) At point 6! a crest meet a trou h resultin in interference. 2.. 6omplete the table below. (efore superposition <urin superposition After superposition
2&
".
6ate ori8e each labeled position as bein a position where either constructive or destructive interference occurs.
(a) 6onstructive interference$. (b) <estructive interference$..
&.
. #he dia ram shows a full%scale interference pattern of a ripple tan9 e*periment 2 seconds after vibration started. #he crests of the water ripples are repsented by the dar9 lines. (a) What is represented at - at this instant: . (b) What is the fre2uency of the vibrator:
+.
#wo dot vibrators which has a separation of +.1 cm are placed on a water surface in a ripple tan9. #he distance between two adJacent antinodes on a screen is ".1 cm. 5f the perpendicular distance between the dot vibrators and the screen is 11.1 cm! what is the wavelen th of the water waves: Answer$
2+
6omplete the crossword pu88le.
1. 2. ". &. +. 0.
#wo sources are said to be if they have the same fre2uency of vibration and a 8ero or constant phase difference. We can use a ripple tan9 to observe ..patterns of water waves. Antinodes are points where ..intaference occurs. Godes are points where interference occurs. Antinodal lines are lines Joinin Godal lines are lines Joinin
20
3nte$eren"e o$ 0ig6t Waves
A ray of li ht passes throu h the sin le slit and reaches the double%slit will ive rise to two coherent li ht rays.
1. 5nterference occur when at least two coherent li ht waves overlap or superpose 2. #he superposition of 2 rays produces$ (i) (ii) ". When constructive occurs there will be a (bri ht/dar9) frin e When destructive occurs there will be a (bri ht/dar9) frin e
2>
&. #he wavelen th of monochromatic li ht can be found by the formula$
is the distance *et een the slits a ' .. is the distance *et een the dou*le1slit and the screen * ' . is the distance *et een consecutive *ri+ht or dar< frin+es < ' . E)er"ise 6.-1 1. 5n a Koun @s double slit e*periment! a li ht of wavelen th 0"" nm passes throu h two slit which are 1.+ mm apart. =ertical frin es are observed on a screen placed & m from the slits. (i) 6alculate the distance between two adJacent bri ht frin es. (ii) What will happen to the distance between two adJacent bri ht frin es if a li ht of shorter wavelen th is used: Answer$ (a) ! 6-- nm ! 6-- 2 .%15 a ! %&5 mm ! %&5 2 .%1- m 7 !"m
(b)
5f is smaller! * will also be smaller. #herefore ! the distance between two adJacent bri ht frin es of li ht will smaller.
2;
1& mm
2. #he wavelen th of li ht can be determined with a double%slit plate. #he dia ram above shows the pattern of interference frin es obtained in a Koun @s double%slit e*periment. #he separation distance of the two slit is 1.21 mm and the distance between the screen and the double%slit plate is &.1 m. 6alculate the wavelen th of the li ht used in the e*periment. Answer$ 02 ! ." mm 2 ! ' mm ! ' 2 .%1- m 7 ! -&% m 3nte$eren"e o$ 2ound Waves a ! %&' mm ! ' 2 .%1" m
!
! . 2 .%10 m
#he wavelen th of sound wave can be found by the formula$ distance *et een t o loudspea<ers a ' .. distance *et een t o consecutive loud places * ' . perpendicular distance *et een the spea<ers and < ' . the loud
2?
E)er"ise 6.-' 1. #wo loud spea9ers placed 2 m apart are connected to an audio si nal enerator that is adJusted to produce sound waves of fre2uency ++1 78. #he detection of loud and soft sounds as a person moves alon a line is at &.1 m from the loudspea9ers. 6alculate the (a) wavelen th (b) speed of the sound waves. Answer$ (a)
(*) f ! 55% #$ /!f ! 55% 2 %&6 ! --% m s1. 6.6 Anal#sing 2ound Waves
1. 4ound waves are lon itudinal waves which re2uire a medium for its propa ation. 2. #he loudness of the sound is depend to the
"1
". #he pitch of the sound is depend to the ..................... amplitude
&.
)cho is
Appli"ation o$ 2ound Waves 1. Eltrasonic waves with fre2uencies above 21 978 cannot be heard by human ear. 2. #he ultrasonic ruler is used to measure the distance between itself and a tar et. ". #he depth of sea water can be calculated usin the formula $ 2d ' v * t E)er"ise 6.6*
"1
2. When a wave reaches the (1) ..........from one medium to another medium! a portion of the wave under oes reflection while the other portion of the wave under oes transmission across the boundary. ". #he (2). 4ound will be heard when the an le of incidence! 5 e2uals the an le of reflection! r &. #herefore! we can say that sound waves obey the laws of (").. +. (&)..that are causes by multiple reflections from numerous reflectin surfaces of a lar e hall can create an impression that sound lasts for a lon time. 0. 5f the reflector is near to the sound source! the reflected sound will overlap the ori in sound. 5t will not be heard as a separate sound! but as a prolon ed ori in sound 9nown as (+) 2. 5n an e*pedition to determine the depth of a freshwater la9e usin an ultrasonic ruler! a pulse of ultrasonic sound is enerated and travels to the bottom of the la9e and reflected by it. #he time ta9en by the pulse to travel to the bottom of the la9e and return to the ruler is 1."+ s. 5f the speed of sound in freshwater is 1&;2 m s%1! calculate the depth of the la9e. Answer$
"2
". /ill in the blan9. /ield Medicine 5ndustry Application Sound aves of hi+h ener+y are directed to the <idney stones to destroy them in the cavity of the <idney& Sound aves of hi+h ener+y are directed to the <idney stones to destroy them in the cavity of the <idney&
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0.>
Anal#sing Ele"tromagneti" Waves
1. #he electric and ma netic field vibrate ..(perpendicular/parallel) to each other and to the direction of propa ation. 2. -roperties of electroma netic waves (i) Transverse aves in a vacuum (ii)7o not re4uire a medium to propa+ate and can travel A 1. The aves travel at the speed of li+ht3 c ! 2 .% ms (iii) 9nder+o the same aves phenomenon : reflection3 refraction3 diffraction and (iv) interference& ". 4ources and applications of electroma netic waves in daily life #ype of em wave Aadio waves ' 11%1 % 11+ m Microwave ' 11%" L 11%1 m 5nfrared ' 11%0 L 11%" m =isible li ht ' 11%> m Eltraviolet radiation ' 11%? L 11%> m M%ray ' 11%11 L 11%? m Namma rays ' 11%1& L 11%11 m 4ource =lectrical oscillatin+ circuit >scillatin+ electrical char+e in a micro ave transmitter #ot *odies3 the sun and fires The sun3 hot o*?ects3 li+ht *ul*s3 fluorescent tu*es Application telecommunications *roadcastin+ : tv and radio transmission satellite transmissions radar coo<in+ ni+ht vision thermal ima+in+ and physiotherapy remote controls si+ht photosynthesis in plants photo+raphy
(a) (*) (a) (*) (c) (a) (*) (c) (a) (*) (c)
(a) identification of counterfeit notes /ery hot o*?ects3 the sun3 (*) production of vit17 mercury vapor lamps (c) Sentrilisation to destroy +erms (a) @adiotherapy 21ray tu*es (*) 7etection of crac<s in *uildin+ structures (a) Cancer treatment @adioactive su*tances (*) Sterilisation of e4uipment (c) Pest control in a+riculture
"&
E)er"ise 6.9* 1. #he dia ram below shows the pattern of spectrum electroma netic. 5n the bo*es provided! write the names of the parts iven . Aadiowave microwave amma ray *%ray visible ray infra%red ray ultraviolet ray
7avelengt6
Camma ray
D1ray
9ltra /iolet
/isi*le li+ht
infrared
micro ave
radio ave
$re!uen"#
2. #able 0.>1 shows electroma netic waves -! .! A and 4 and their uses )lectroma netic waves . A 4 #able 0.>1 5dentify -! .! A and 4 Answer$ P ! 8nfra1red rays B ! Micro aves @ ! /isi*le li+ht S ! Camma rays Eses Aemote control Aadar system -hoto raph Oill cancerous cells
"+
Rein$or"ement C6apter 6 Part A : 5:;e"tive &uestions 1. 6alculate the fre2uency of the iven wave above
A. (. 6. <. ).
; 78. 1/; 78 & 78. P 78 12 78
2. Which of the followin is G3# a electroma netic wave: A. (. 6. <. *%ray. Namma ray water wave microwave.
". Which of the followin cannot travel throu h vacuum: A. *%ray (. amma ray 6. sound wave <. li ht wave.
&.
(ased on the iven dia ram above calculate the wavelen th. A. (. 6. <. ). & cm ; cm 11 cm 1+ cm 21 cm
"0
+. Wave len th of iven wave does G3# depend on. A. (. 6. <. velocity. /re2uency Amplitude -eriod.
0.
What is the phenomenon shown above: A. reflection. (. Aefraction. 6. 5nterference. >. A iven wave travels at a speed of & * 11+ ms%1. 5f the fre2uency of the wave is 1111 78! calculate the wavelen th A. (. 6. <. ). 111 m 211 m "11 m &11 m +11 m
;. Which of the followin is a common characteristic of visible li ht! ultraviolet rays! infrared rays! amma rays and M%rays: A. (. 6. <. 5nfluenced by ma netic field. -ossess the same fre2uency. -ossess the same wavelen th. -ossess the same velocity in vacuum.
?. Which of the followin electroma netic waves are arran ed in the order of increasin wavelen th. A. (. 6. =isible li ht! M%rays. Aadio waves. 5nfrared waves. M%rays. =isible li ht. 5nfrared waves .Aadio waves. Aadio waves! M%rays. =isible li ht. 5nfrared waves.
11. Which of the followin waves cannot travel throu h vacuum: A. 4ound waves (. M%rays 6. Aadio waves
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Part 8: 2tru"tured &uestions
/i ure 1 1. /i ure 1 shows the use of sonar e2uipment to measure the depth of the sea. (a) @eflection 4tate the phenomenon of sound wave applied in sonar e2uipment. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; C1 mar9D + (b) 4ound waves with fre2uency of 0.1 * 11 78 are used to determine the depth of the sea. Cspeed of sound in sea water ' 1+11 m s%1D (i) What is the wavelen th of the sound wave in sea water:
(ii)
C2 mar9sD 5f the time interval between the instant the sound wave is sent to the instant the echo is received is 1.+ s! what is the depth of the sea C2 mar9sD
2.
/i ure 2 A pin pon ball is held with a strin and placed near a loudspea9er as shown in /i ure 2 #he loudspea9er emits a low fre2uency sound and the pin %pon ball seems to vibrate to it.
";
(a) )*plain how the sound from the loudspea9er produces vibration on the pin pon ball. The vi*ration of the loudspea<er moves the air molecules around it& The sound ave produced *y the loudspea<er transfers ener+y to the pin+ pon+ *all and causes it to move (b) What will happen to the vibration of the pin pon ball if the loudness emits (i) a louder sound: The pin+ pon+ *all vi*rates ith +reater amplitude (ii) a sound with a hi her pitch: The pin+ pon+ *all vi*rates ith hi+her fre4uency& (c) 5f the fre2uency of the sound is +1 78! calculate the wavelen th of the sound produced. CAssume the speed of the sound in air in "+1 ms%1D
".
(a)
/i ure " shows two sets of ripple tan9s used to study diffraction of waves.
(i)
/i ure ".1 /i ure ".2 What is meant by the diffraction of waves. 7iffraction is the spreadin+ out of aves hen they move throu+h a +ap or around an o*stacle Which of the two sets will show a bi er effect of diffraction. )*plain your answer. The set sho n in Fi+ure "&. ill sho a *i++er effect of diffraction& This is *ecause the narro er the +ap3 the more the aves spread out& Aedraw and complete /i ure ".1 and /i ure ".2 to show the between the two diffraction patterns. 4tate the characteristic to the diffracted waves in terms of waves in terms of wavelen th! fre2uency! speed and amplitude compared to the incident waves. (a) Wavelen+th remains unchan+ed (*) Fre4uency remains unchan+ed (c) Speed remains unchan+ed (d) Amplitude *ecomes smaller compared to the incident aves
(ii)
(iii) (iv)
"?
&. Kou are assi ned to investi ate the properties of waves that could be used in broadcastin and communication. #able below shows the properties of si* types of waves -! .! A! 4 # and E. Wave #ype of wave . A 4 # E #ransverse #ransverse #ransverse #ransverse ,on itudinal ,on itudinal Material medium for propa ation Got re2uired Got re2uired Got re2uired Got re2uired Ae2uired Ae2uired 4peed of wave " * 11; ms %1 " * 11; ms %1 " * 11; ms %1 " * 11; ms %1 ""1 ms %1 11 ms %1 -enetratin power -enetrates matter Absorbed by lass Aefracted by lass Medium Wea9 Wea9
(ased on the table! select the most suitable wave that could be used in broadcastin and communication and ive your reasons. C11 mar9sD Ans er:
5& /i ure +.1 shows the arran ement of the apparatus tor an e*periment to study a wave phenomenon.
/i ure +.1 /i ure +.1 shows the bri ht and dar9 bands of the wave pattern formed on the
&1
white piece of paper produced by the vibration of two spherical dippers on the water surface.
/i ure 1.2 /i ure 1." /i ure /i ure +." (ii) 3bserve /i ures +.2 and +.". 6ompare the wave patterns produced by the spherical dippers. 4tate the relationship between the distance of the two coherent of two consecutive node or antinode lines. C+ mar9sD Ans er: +.2
&1
Part C: Essa# 1. /i ure 0.1 shows the arran ement of the apparatus for an e*periment to study a wave phenomenon.
/i ure0.1 /i ure 0.1 shows the bri ht and dar9 bands of the waves pattern formed on the white paper when plane waves passes throu h the narrow and wide aps.
Garrow ap /i ure 0.1(a) (a) Game the wave phenomenon shown in fi ure 0.2. 7iffraction (b) (i)
Wide ap /i ure 0.1(b)
C1 mar9D
)*plain how the dar9 and li ht bands are formed on the white paper. C& mar9sD Q /i ure / 6rests act as a conve* lens Q Fi+ure , =very crests ill conver+e the li+ht3 *ri+ht frin+es are formed
Fi+ure , =very trou+hs ill diver+e the li+ht3 dar< frin+es are formed
&2
(ii) 3bserve /i ure 0.2(a) and (b). 6ompare the waves patterns and the wavelen th of the waves before and after they pass throu h the aps. Aelate the si8e of the aps! the waves patterns and the wavelen ths to deduce a relevant physics concept. C+ mar9sD a& 8n fi+ure -&.(a)3 si$e of the avelen+th is the same as si$e of the +ap ,, 8n fi+ure -&.(*)3 si$e of the +ap is ider than *& The narro er the +ap the +reater the spreadin+ of the ave (c) /i ure 0." shows the seashore of a fishin villa e. <urin the rainy season! waves are bi . 3ne year the waves eroded the seashore! caused the Jetty to collapse and dama ed the fishermen@s boats.
/i ure 0." #o prevent similar dama e in the future! the fishermen su est buildin retainin walls and relocatin the Jetty. Ma9e further su estion of ways to help the fishermen solve their problems. Kou should use your 9nowled e of reflection! refraction and diffraction of waves to e*plain these su estions! to include the followin aspects. (i) the desi n and structure of the retainin wall! (ii) the location of the new Jetty (iii) the si8e or ener y of the waves C11 mar9sD Answer$ 1. (uild slantin barrier to reduce speed of wave 2. (uild the rou h barrier to reduce reflection of the waves ". (uild the new Jetty at the bay because the water is calm at the bay &. (uild the small openin surround the bay because diffraction happens at the openin +. (uild the barrier at the bay because the wave is spread accordin to the shape of the bay
&"

Chapter 6 Waves (Student&#39;s Copy) 2014

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Prepared By : Mohd Syahmi Samsudin

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