Name: Ashley Ostendorf

Date: 9/23/13

Stage 1 Identify Desired Results

Established Goals: Virginia Standard SOL 3.4 The student will investigate and understand that behavioral and physical adaptations allow animals to respond to life needs. Key concepts include... A) Behavioral adaptations B) And Physical adaptations This unit will focus on both parts of the Standard stated above What essential questions ill be !onsidered" 1. How does adaptation assist survival? (Explanation) 2. How could we use adaptations to overcome obstacles threatening our survival? (Application)

What understandin#s are desired" $tudents ill understand that% 1. Some behaviors need to be taught in order for animals survive and some animals are born with instinctive natural behaviors. This relationship between organisms, their environment, and one another explores the significance of survival and life sustainability. They understand that organisms constantly respond to their environment. 2. Students should understand that physical adaptations and behavioral adaptations help animals survive in their environment. These allow animals to respond to life needs. This concept is also true for humans for we also adapt to our environment in order to survive (for example, we wear different clothes depending on the weather and eat different types of food depending on where we are located on Earth).

What &ey &no led#e and s&ills ill students a!quire as a result of this unit" $tudents ill &no % In order to survive, animals act in different ways to gather and store food, find shelter, and defend themselves. Animals obtain food in a number of ways
Ada'ted from Wi##ins( G) * +!,i#he( -) .2//01) Understanding by design (2nd.ed.)) Ale2andria( 3A: Asso!iation for $u'er4ision and 5urri!ulum De4elo'ment)

Name: Ashley Ostendorf

Date: 9/23/13

o Scavenge for scraps that other animals have left behind o Killing and eating other animals o Collect and gather vegetation Some animals hibernate for part or all of winter as shelter o Definition- a very deep sleep o he animals body temperature drops and its heartbeat and breathing slow down o In the fall, these animals get ready for winter by eating e!tra food and storing it as body fat o Some also store food li"e nuts or acorns to eat later in the winter, such as s#uirrels. o $ears, chipmun"s, and some bats hibernate Cold-blooded animals burrow and find shelters in holes to "eep warm during the winter o %ater ma"es a good shelter for many animals Animals will move to the bottom of la"es and ponds for warmth Sna"es, turtles, fish, and frogs o Some bury themselves in the mud urtles hey will bury themselves but come up from air and feet on plant tissue and algae o &rogs and turtles can breath in the o!ygen from the water by absorbing it through their s"in Some animals gather e!tra food in the fall and store it to eat later o S#urriels, mice, and beavers Some spend all winter searching for moss, twigs, bar", and leaves to eat o 'abbits and deer Some animals migrate o hey travel to other places where the weather is warmer of they can find food o &loc"s of birds is an e!ample of one type of animal that migrates. (thers include bats, caribou, el", and whales.

)hysical adaptations help animals survive in their environment Camouflage o Animals possess adaptations which help them blend into their environments to protect themselves from enemies. o Animals, with camouflage, have the ability to hide itself from predator and prey. o Animals can escape the notice of predators, usually because of a resemblance to their surroundings using coloration or outer coverage patterns. o Some animals can change their camouflage in accordance with a change in their surroundings
Ada'ted from Wi##ins( G) * +!,i#he( -) .2//01) Understanding by design (2nd.ed.)) Ale2andria( 3A: Asso!iation for $u'er4ision and 5urri!ulum De4elo'ment)

Name: Ashley Ostendorf

Date: 9/23/13

o (ther animals can throw predators off by disguising themselves as something dangerous or uninteresting o Chameleons change color when they are in danger. heir everyday s"in color is a light "ha"i. *early half of the world+s chameleon species live in ,adagascar o Snapping turtles will use their shells to camouflage itself to loo" li"e a roc". hey can hide from predators li"e alligators but also surprise attac" a fish. o An animal+s environment is often the most important factor in what its camouflage loo"s li"e he simplest camouflage techni#ue if for an animal to match the bac"ground of its surroundings. Deers and s#uirrels have a brownish earth tone to match the brown of the trees and forest area that they live in. ,imicry o %hen a species has features similar to another species o -ither one or both species are protected when a third species cannot tell them apart o .appens in both plants and animals o he viceroy butterfly tastes good to birds, but the monarch butterfly tastes bad. $ecause the viceroy loo"s li"e the monarch butterfly, it is safer from predators. o ,imicry can also occur as mimic"ed behaviors, mimic"ed sounds, or mimic"ed scents. o Defensive mimicry/ organisms are able to avoid encounters that would be harmful to them by deceiving their enemies %arning coloration- when an organism mimics0changes color to seem more harmful or harmless A harmless organism poses itself as harmful A 1false corbra2 is mildly venomous but is harmless. It mimics the 1hood2 characteristic of an Indian cobra which is an e!tremely venomous sna"e. two or more harmful species advertise themselves as harmful- they have very similar warning signals If two species were confused with one another by a common predator, individuals in both would be more li"ely to survive

Bees and wasps: they all have the yellow and black stripes. Females of most of these species are potentially harmful to predators. However, in essentially all species, the males are harmless but still have the same coloration. There are also a lot of groups of bees where the females are not

Ada'ted from Wi##ins( G) * +!,i#he( -) .2//01) Understanding by design (2nd.ed.)) Ale2andria( 3A: Asso!iation for $u'er4ision and 5urri!ulum De4elo'ment)

Name: Ashley Ostendorf

Date: 9/23/13

capable of stinging, and still possess the same coloration.

A deadly animal ma"es itself resemble a less harmful organism. Some animals will mimic less harmful animals in order to surprise their prey. his type of mimicry ma"es them an ultimate predator. $ecause they are camouflaged as a less dangerous organism, animals will not recogni3e them as a threat. o Some deadly sna"es will over time, adapt their coloration. ypically, harmful sna"e colors would be red, blac", and yellow. Some poisonous sna"es do not follow this pattern and are more 1normal, harmless2 sna"e colors, li"e dar" green.

$ehavioral adaptations allow animals to respond to life needs. -!amples include hibernation, migration, dormancy, instinct, and learned behavior. .ibernation o Some animals go into a deep sleep in which their body activities slow down due to seasonal changes and they can live off stored food o 4roundhogs and blac" bears o .ibernation is a condition of biological rest or inactivity where growth, development, and metabolic processes slow down. ,igration o Some animals go on a long-distance 5ourney from one place to another o hey are searching of a new temporary habitat because of climate, availability of food, season of the year, or reproduction. o 4eese, monarch butterflies, and tundra swans o ,any birds migrate in the fall $irds can fly very long distances. &or e!ample, the Arctic tern nests close to the *orth )ole in the summer. In autumn, it flies south all the way to Antarctica. -ach spring it returns north again. ,ost birds migrate shorter distances. $irds seem to navigate li"e sailors once did, using the sun, moon and stars for direction. hey also seem to have a compass in their brain for using the -arth6s magnetic field to navigate. o (ther animals migrate, too. o Some bats, caribou and el", and whales travel in search of food each winter. o $ats will fly to warmer climates 7caves in the *orth8 o Caribou can migrate up to 9:: miles each year. hey typically will travel towards mountains and valleys.

o Elk migrate into areas of higher altitude in the spring, following the retreating snows, and the opposite direction in
Ada'ted from Wi##ins( G) * +!,i#he( -) .2//01) Understanding by design (2nd.ed.)) Ale2andria( 3A: Asso!iation for $u'er4ision and 5urri!ulum De4elo'ment)

Name: Ashley Ostendorf

Date: 9/23/13

the fall. During the winter, they favor wooded areas and sheltered valleys for protection from the wind and availability of tree bark to eat. o Whales migrate from feeding grounds to breeding
grounds. Some whales migrate North to South, some move between onshore and offshore areas, and some do both. Even though most whale migration patterns are different, whales typically migrate toward the colder poles in the summer and toward the more tropical waters of the equator in the winter. o ,any fish migrate. hey may swim south, or move into deeper, warmer water. o Insects also migrate. Some butterflies and moths fly very long distances. o ,onarch butterflies spend the summer in Canada and the *orthern ;.S. hey migrate as far south as ,e!ico for the winter. o ermites and <apanese beetles move downward into the soil. -arthworms also move down, some as far as si! feet below the surface. Dormancy o state of reduced metabolic activity adopted by many organisms under conditions of environmental stress or, when such stressful conditions are li"ely to appear, as in winter. o Allows organisms to adapt better to their environment during periods of hardship. o Dormancy can be caused by a number of different things. he most important are changes in temperature= slightly less important is the availability of factors such as food, water, o!ygen and carbon dio!ide. o $oth plants and animals can go dormant. o heir growth and physical activity is completely stopped to conserve energy. o A lot of people use dormancy and hibernation interchangeable. here is a slight difference. .ibernation is a state of inactivity in some warmblooded mammals. Dormancy is when growth and development are temporarily stopped at some point in an organism6s life cycle. A volcano or a tree in winter can be dormant and a bear or a rodent can hibernate. o Dormancy is closely related to environmental conditions o Dormancy enables a lot of plants to survive in climates when part of the year is unsuitable for growth- li"e winter or dry seasons o ,any plant species that e!hibit dormancy have a biological cloc" that tells them when to slow activity and to prepare soft tissues for a period of free3ing temperatures or water shortage. o 'eptiles depend on e!ternal sources of heat to "eep warm. hey are able to survive low temperatures by finding an environment where the temperature will not fall below free3ing. In this case, they can go dormant underground.

Ada'ted from Wi##ins( G) * +!,i#he( -) .2//01) Understanding by design (2nd.ed.)) Ale2andria( 3A: Asso!iation for $u'er4ision and 5urri!ulum De4elo'ment)

Name: Ashley Ostendorf o

Date: 9/23/13

he water re#uired by a reptile during dormancy is less than normal, and is provided by the metabolism of fat reserves.

Some animals are born with natural behaviors that they need in order to survive in their environments. o hese behaviors are not learned but are instinctive o hese behaviors are developmentally fi!ed. o All individuals that can e!hibit the behavior do e!hibit the behavior, despite differing environments. o he environment still plays a role in the behavior because it triggers certain "inds of behaviors.

o Innate behaviors do not need to be taught or learned. o You are born with the ability to display the behavior. o In simpler terms, innate behavior is just what you do naturally, with no clue of why or where you learned it. o An example is when a baby is not comfortable; they begin to cry to gain the attention of their parents.
o A beaver building a dam or a spider spinning a web are also e!amples >earned behavior Some behaviors need to be taught in order for the animal to survive hey are modified or changed0learned through e!perience

A learned behavior is a behavior that was observed by an organism that they find to be beneficial to them in some way. There's a motivating factor behind it A learned behavior is some type of action or reflex that you learn. For example tying your shoes is a learned behavior, but crying is not. A learned behavior is one that you decide to learn, unlike 'innate' behavior.
A bear cub learning to hunt is an animal e!ample. $ear cubs are not born with the natural ability to hunt they have to 1learn2 it.

Another example of a learned behavior is a dog doing tricks in anticipation of receiving a treat
Human adaption )eople adapt to the environment by ma"ing changes to the way they do things to meet their needs. o If it6s cold outside we will dress warmer o )eople in deserts wear scarves over their faces to "eep from breathing in

Ada'ted from Wi##ins( G) * +!,i#he( -) .2//01) Understanding by design (2nd.ed.)) Ale2andria( 3A: Asso!iation for $u'er4ision and 5urri!ulum De4elo'ment)

Name: Ashley Ostendorf the sand

Date: 9/23/13

o )eople create and live in different houses according to where they live. Some people live in adobe houses to control the temperature. Adobe "eeps the house cooler than the temperature outside.

he first humans had to adapt and changed over time %e a#uired an opposable thumb and walking upright

o These touch on the theory of evolution but are examples of how humans physically adapted to their environment. o The opposable thumb was made to grab and handle things easier o We started walking upright so we could use two limbs to travel versus four. The other two could be used to carry things, hunt, etc.
Students will be able to... Compare and contrast the difference in physical adaptations and behavioral adaptations o describe specific e!amples of how animals gather food, find shelter, defend themselves, and rear young. Describe and e!plain the terms camouflage, mimicry, hibernation, migration, dormancy, instinct, and learned behavior -!plain how animals are adapted to a certain environment Compare and contrast instinct and learned behavior Demonstrate different actions and habitats of adapted animals Construct and invent an adaptation to ensure survival specific to a given environment Defend an animals ability to adapt to its environment in order to survive

Ada'ted from Wi##ins( G) * +!,i#he( -) .2//01) Understanding by design (2nd.ed.)) Ale2andria( 3A: Asso!iation for $u'er4ision and 5urri!ulum De4elo'ment)