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Mass Transfer
Mass Transfer
Outline
Introduction
Ficks law Diffusivity
Introduction
Definition
Diffusion
Ficks law
Considering diffusion of A in B
Diffusivity
Ammonia
Hydrogen
2.8
4.1
Diffusivity
375
400
4.03
4.61
Estimation of diffusivity
correlations link diffusivity to solute and liquid properties such as molar volume, molecular weight and liquid viscosity Three most used correlations: Stokes-Einstein correlation Wilke-Chang Correlation Polson Correlation
Stokes-Einstein correlation
T: temperature (K)
: liquid medium viscosity (kg/m.s) VA: solute specific molar volume (m3/kg-mol)
Wilke-Chang Correlation
: association parameter of liquid medium(2.6 for water) MB: molecular weight of liquid medium (kg-mol)
Polson Correlation
cf
JA cw
Boundary layer
Governing differential equation Boundary conditions y=0 ca=cw
y ca=cf
Dimensionless numbers
Sherwood number === Nusselt number
===
L=1m At 1 atm, 20 C air: = 15.06x10-6 m2/s vapor: Dab=2.4224x10-5 m2/s a: water vapor b: air
Applications
Drying
Extraction
Absorption
Drying
Water transfer from solid to air
Heating increases the diffusivity of water in air decreases the conc. of water vapor in air (relative humidity)
Extraction
Feed contains a component, i, which is to be removed
Addition of a second solvent which is immiscible with feed but component i is soluble in both liquids
Some of component i (solute) is transferred from the feed to the solvent After extraction the feed and solvent are called the raffinate and extract
Absorption
Solutes are removed from a gas by contact with a liquid in which they dissolve