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Symmetry, Groups and Symmetry, Groups and Crystal Structures Crystal Structures Yy
Symmetry, Groups and Symmetry, Groups and Crystal Structures Crystal Structures Yy
Symmetry, Groups and Symmetry, Groups and Crystal Structures Crystal Structures Yy
Crystal Morphology
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Muscovite Cleavage
(0 0 1) c-axis perpendicular Miller Indices
• The cube face is
(100)
• The cube form {100}
comprises faces
(100),(010),(001),
(-100),(0-10),(00-1)
• A (2 3 4)
• B (6 4 3)
• C (1 4 3)
• D (.5 .33 .25)
• E ( 1 1 1)
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A. Triclinic A. Triclinic
B. Monoclinic B. Monoclinic
C. Orthorhombic C. Orthorhombic
D. Trigonal / Hexagonal D. Trigonal / Hexagonal
E. Cubic E. Cubic
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•9/22/2008
Symmetry Operations
• A symmetry operation is a
transposition (rotation, inversion, or
translation) of an object that leaves
the object invariant (unchanged).
– Rotations
• 360º, 180º, 120º, 90º, 60º
– Inversions (Roto-Inversions)
• 360º, 180º, 120º, 90º, 60º
– Translations:
• Unit cell axes and fraction thereof.
– Combinations of the above.
1-fold Rotation
2-fold Rotation
• 1-fold 360º I • 2-fold 180º 2
Identity
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4-fold Rotation
3-fold Rotation
• 4-fold 90º 4
• 3-fold 120º 3
Roto-Inversions
6-fold Rotation (Improper Rotations)
• 6-fold 60º 6 three dimensions
• 1-fold 360º
• 2-fold 180º
• 3-fold 120º
• 4-fold 90º
• 6-fold 60º
Roto-Inversions Roto-Inversions
1-fold 2-fold = mirror
• 1-fold 360º • 2-fold 180º
• Order = 2 • Order = 2
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•9/22/2008
Roto-Inversions:
Roto-Inversions: 4-fold 6-fold = 3/m
• 6-fold 60º followed by inversion
• 4-fold 90º followed by inversion
• Order = 6
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