NIUSAT Mission Objective

NIUSAT is a Nano satellite designed and developed by Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education under Noorul Islam University with a Miniature Wide Field Sensor (MWiFS) for agriculture and disaster management support applications. The imagery from the NIUSAT is used for identifying potential agricultural diseases of the crops around Kanya Kumari District and providing timely assistance to the Disaster Management Support (DMS) programme to address disasters due to flood, cyclone, drought, forest fire, landslide and Earthquake. Nano satellite project is a Noorul Islam University program, involving students and staff of the university, making use of the state-of-the art proven technologies and modules.

NIUSAT

NOORUL ISLAM CENTRE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION

NIUSAT Nano satellite Features

Structure/Thermal/Mechanism
Overall size:270 x 270 x 270 cm3 Mass: 12kg Structure mass: 2.8 kg Solar Panel Deployment Mechanism Antenna Deployment Mechanism Passive and Active Thermal Control System

Communication System
Housekeeping TM data transmitter in VHF (145 MHz) band Tele-metry data transmission in UHF (435 MHz) band Payload data transmission in S- band (2240MHz). 4 element monopole Antenna for VHF/HF data transmission & reception High gain patch antenna for S-band transmitter

Power
Total Power Generation : ~40 W Battery Storage Capacity (2 nos.) : 5AH Multi Junction Solar Cells based Solar Array Stowed during launch and deployed in Orbit MPPT based Battery Charge Regulator

Payload
WIDEFIELD SENSOR (WiFS) Resolution : 50 to 80 m Swath : 100 to 160 km Quantisation : 8 bit Input Data Rate: 14 Mbps Data Compression : JPEG 2000 Output Data Rate : 1 Mbps

On Board Computer
High performance dual core 32 bit Power Architecture 2 MB Code flash memory with ECC 32 GB storage flash for payload data storage Supports I2C, CAN and UART ports Supports software tunes and WDT

Ground Station Mission

Polar Sun Synchronous Orbit Orbit altitude : 560 880 km Orbital inclination : 97o-99o Orbital Period : 96-100 min Repetivity/ Revisit : Everyday Visibility : 4 orbits per day

AOCS
3 axis stabilization using Sun sensor, Magnetometer, MEMS Gyroscopes as sensors and Reaction Wheels, Magnetic Torquers as actuators Provision kept for star tracker for improved pointing accuracy Provision is kept for PPT for Orbit Correction

Satellite checkout system, Mission control centre, The UHF/VHF antenna for TM/TC Ground station is capable of operating with other amateur radio satellites S-band data reception using 3.7 m parabolic antenna

NIUSAT

NOORUL ISLAM CENTRE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION

NIUSAT MISSION

NIUSAT Ground Trace

Payload Coverage Details

No. of Special Bands : B2, B3, B4 Miniature WiFS Resolution : 50m-80m Swath : 100-180 km : 225000 sq. km Area Covered Orbit Type Orbit Altitude Orbital Inclination Orbital Period : Polar Sun Synchronous : 560 km to 880 km : 97o-99o : 96-100 min

Orbital Details
Repeatavity/Revisit : Everyday No. of orbits per day : 14/15 Visibility : 4 orbits/day (2 day pass and 2 night pass) : from NIU Ground Station (5-10 min/pass)

NIUSAT

NOORUL ISLAM CENTRE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION

NIUSAT Configuration
=

Front View

Internal View

Back View
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Bottom Deck OBC and TMT Stacks Reaction Wheel Support Reaction Wheel Gyroscope Sun sensor +ve axis yaw side panel (EP01) 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Stowed View
S band transmitter, UHF receiver, VHF transmitter Solar panel -ve roll axis side panel (EP02) PPT, BMDE, Battery II -ive yaw axis sidepanel (EP03) Satellite positioning system +ve roll axis side panel (EP04) 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Exploded View
PMDE, Battery I Angle Plate Star sensor Star sensor support Top panel Magnetometer Payload

NIUSAT

NOORUL ISLAM CENTRE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION

Electrical Power System (EPS)

The EPS consists of Solar panel, Battery and Power Management and Distribution Electronics (PMDE). The solar panels are designed to generate power for the satellite. The PMDE regulate and control the distribution of power to the other systems of the satellite. Advanced multi junction solar cells are connected in series, to boost voltage, and connected in parallel, to provide the required current. Li-ion battery is used to power the satellite during eclipse.
Solar Panel 4 Numbers of 240x240 mm solar panels made of glass fibre substrate / printed circuit board. Power generated per panel is 10 watts Total power generation is 40 W for 100% illumination. 5 cells in series in a sub-string and 10 cells per string Solar cell efficiently : 27-28 % Solar panel voltage : 11.5-13V Maximum current per panel : 0.8A Mass of the solar panels (4 numbers ) : 0.8 Kg Battery No. of Batteries Battery capacity (each) Depth of discharge No of charge discharge cycle Battery Voltage Mass of the Battery (each) : : : : : : 2 Nos. of Li-ion Battery 5AH 10-20% 5110 Per year 6-8.2 V 0.25 Kg

EPS Block Diagram

Power Management and Distribution MPPT based Battery Charge Discharge Regulator 24 nos. of MOSFET switches for switching Row bus (11-13V) and regulated voltages (5V and 3.3 V) Current monitoring and over current protection

NIUSAT

NOORUL ISLAM CENTRE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION

Payload Features
Miniature WiFS (MWiFS)
Spectral bands
B2 (Green) 520- 600 nm B3 (Red) B4 (NIR) 620 -680 nm 770 -860 nm

Resolution
50m 50m 50m

Swath
100km 100km 100km

Payload Parameters
MwiFS: Miniature Wide Field Sensor

Video processing and data handling system

Aperture Focal length Field of View Data rate before compression Date rate after compression & storage Data Storage Size Mass Power Consumption Data interface with OBC Power Supply

75mm 600mm 1175 deg 14 Mbps 1 Mbps 32 GB 100 x 100 x 250 mm 1.5 Kg 8 Watts I2C/CAN Bus 5 V/3.3 V

NIUSAT

NOORUL ISLAM CENTRE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION

RF Communication System
RF Communication system of NIUSAT comprises of the following modules
Housekeeping data transmitter in VHF (145 MHz) band Tele-command data reception in UHF (435 MHz) band Payload data transmission in S- band (2240MHz). 4 element monopole Antenna for VHF/UHF data transmission & reception

High gain patch antenna for S-band transmitter

S-band Transmitter Carrier Frequency Transmitter O/P power Modulation Data rate Half power beam width (deg) Power consumption Antenna 2240 MHz 25 dbm (0.5W) BPSK/PM 1 Mbps 60 <5W patch 435/145 MHz 25 dbm (0.5W) BPSK/AX-25 1 Kbps 60 <5W monopole

UHF/VHF Transceiver Carrier Frequency TM transmitter O/P power Modulation for HK TM Data rate for HK Transmitter Half power beam width (deg) Power consumption Antenna

NIUSAT

NOORUL ISLAM CENTRE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION

Telemetry & Tele-command System

Telemetry System Tele-command System
Telemetry system of NIUSAT acquires health parameters of various Tele-command system receives the tele-command data and clock from the TC sub-systems of the spacecraft and puts them in a proper format and receiver. TC decodes the data and provides various command pulses or data for transmits to the ground after PCM-FM/PM modulation. execution of the commands to operate various sub-systems as per the mission operation requirements

To Subsystem

Tele-command Functional Block Diagram

Telemetry Functional Block Diagram

Specification
TC Data rate 100 bps 32 8 8 8

Specification
Telemetry data rate Sub-carrier frequency Frame Length Frame Rate 1 Kbps 32 Khz 128 channels 64 seconds

Number of ON/OFF commands Number of Data commands Number of high level pulse commands Number of time-tag commands

NIUSAT

NOORUL ISLAM CENTRE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION

Attitude and Orbit Control System

The AOCS stabilizes the NIUSAT and orients it in desired directions during the mission despite the external disturbance torques acting on it De-tumbling mode : de-tumble satellite after launcher separation Sun pointing mode : point solar array towards the Sun 3 axis stabilisation mode : point payload (camera, antenna, and scientific instrument etc.) to desired direction Perform spacecraft attitude maneuver for payloads operation Attitude determination using sun sensors, magnetometers and MEMS Gyroscopes Miniature Reaction wheels & magnetic torquers used as actuators The Control algorithms resides in OBC and is executed in every minor cycle
Sun Sensor Control Algorithm Reaction Wheel

Magnetometer

OBC
On-Board Computer

Magnetotorquer

Star Sensor Gyros

(Optional)

PPT
(Optional)

AOCS Block Diagram

Overall AOCS Configuration

NIUSAT

NOORUL ISLAM CENTRE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION

Attitude & Orbit Control Components

Magnetometer
Magnetometer is a measuring instrument used for measuring the Earth's magnetic fields
Magnetometer Dynamic Range Scale factor Initial Bias Error Output Noise Dimensions Mass Value 3.5 0.5 4 1.25 23 x 23 x 23 16 Unit gauss mgauss %FS Mgauss rms mm g

Gyroscope
A gyroscope is a device for measuring the body rates, based on the principles of conservation of angular momentum
Gyroscope Value Dynamic Range 300, 150, 75 Scale factor 0.05, 0.0025, 0.0125 Initial Bias 3 Error Bias Stability 0.007 Dimensions 23x23x23 Mass 16 Power 0.35 Unit O /s O /s
o/

hr

/s mm g W

Reaction Wheel
Reaction wheels are devices which aim a spacecraft in different directions.
Reaction Wheel Momentum Storage Max Torque Dimensions Mass Value 10 Unit mNms mNm cm g W

Sun Sensor
The sun sensor determines the spacecraft body angles with respect to the sun.
Sun Sensor Resolution Accuracy Dimensions Mass Power Value <0.5 <1.5 3x3x1 <6 <0.175 Unit
O O

3 5x5x3 200 Power (normal) 0.7

cm g W

NIUSAT

NOORUL ISLAM CENTRE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION

Ground Station
UHF/VHF S-Band Relay

Flat Panel Displays

TMC

Thermal

AOCS

Power

Payload

Mission

MISSION CONTROL CENTRE

NIUSAT Ground Station located in NIU campus is an integrated ground station topology which combines the requirement of o Satellite checkout system, o Mission control centre, o Ground Station System. The UHF/VHF antenna and the ground station are capable of operating with other amateur radio satellites.

NIUSAT

NOORUL ISLAM CENTRE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION

Assembly Integration & Testing

The assembly of the NIUSAT from structural component units to full flight assembly is done through multiple phases. The first assembly activity involves a simple fit-check where all components are assembled to their appropriate location according to the established assembly order. The second full test assembly is done on the flight structure to establish wire lengths for the panel harnesses. Final assembled satellite will undergo Full functional testing, Thermo Vacuum testing and Vibration testing.

Final Assembly

First and second test assemblies

Flat Bed Testing

NIUSAT

NOORUL ISLAM CENTRE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION

Disaster Management Support

Ground Station NIUSAT
(WiFS payload, 60M resolution 100-160km swath, 3 spectral bands (Green, Red, NIR)) (Payload Data Reception)

NIUSAT MISSION CENTRE

Data Processing
(Feature Extraction, Change Selection, Data Analysis)

Disaster Management Centre

Disaster

Metication & Rescue

NIUSAT

NOORUL ISLAM CENTRE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION

Agriculture Application

NIUSAT
(WiFS payload, 60M resolution 100-160km swath, 3 spectral bands (Green, Red, NIR))

Ground Station
(Payload Data Reception)

Data Processing
(Feature Extraction, Change Selection, Data Analysis)

NIUSAT MISSION CENTRE

Processed information Farm

(Water stress/Drought

Better Yield

(Agricultural disease, plant growth, yield prediction, crop assessment)

NIUSAT

NOORUL ISLAM CENTRE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION