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Indochina 120218072113 Phpapp01
Indochina 120218072113 Phpapp01
Indo - China is a small peninsula in SouthEast Asia. It consists of Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam.
The French troops reached Vietnam in 1858. They defeated china in a war and got control over Tonkin and Annam. In 1887, the French Indo-China was formed.
Colonies were necessary due to the following reasons: (i) They were rich in natural resources. So, they provided raw materials to European industries. (ii) Europeans could use colonies as markets to sell their finished goods. (iii) Europeans wanted to spread western culture in the colonies.
DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS UNDERTAKEN BY FRANCE IN VIETNAM The French built irrigation canals. They drained Mekong delta and encouraged rice cultivation. They built roads and railway lines. For example:Trans Indo-China railway route. Rubber plantation was introduced in Vietnam. Land reform measures were undertaken. Modern education was introduced.
Huge population size. Low agricultural productivity. Indebtedness among the peasants.
MEDIUM OF EDUCATION
Some people argued that the French should be used as the medium of education. It would help in spreading western culture and civilisation. Some others argued that Vietnamese should be the medium in the lower classes and French in the higher classes. Those who learn French and adopt French culture could be given French citizenship. Finally, the rich were allowed to study in French schools and poor in the Vietnamese schools.
The government followed the policy of deliberately failing the students. Education was limited to the rich people. The textbooks glorified the French rule and culture and degraded Vietnamese culture.
They formed political parties like Party of Young Annan and published a journal called Annanese Student.
GO EAST MOVEMENT
Nearly 300 students of Vietnam went to Japan to get modern education. Their real aim was to overthrow the French rule with the help of Japan.
They set up Restoration Society in Tokyo.
PLAGUE IN HANOI
The French part of the city of Hanoi was beautiful with all modern facilities. The native part was unclean without sanitation facilities. The dirty water from the old city joined the river. The sewers of modern city became a breeding ground of rats. The rats entered the French houses through sewage pipes and spread plague.
RAT HUNT
The modern city of Hanoi was affected by plague. It was spread by the rats which lived in sewers. So, rats had to be killed. Vietnamese were employed to kill the rats. The workers started collective bargaining. Some of them cut the tail to show as proof and released the rats. Some of them reared rats to earn money.
SCHOLARS REVOLT
It was an armed revolt led by the officers of the Kings Court. It was against the spread of Christianity and the French rule.
HO CHI MINH
HO CHI MINH
Ho Chi Minh was the greatest leader of the Vietnamese freedom struggle. He: united the nationalist groups and formed the IndoChinese communist party. became the president of North Vietnam and introduced many socialist policies. formed a peoples army called Vietminh to fight against foreign powers. led the communists and the struggle for freedom for 40 years. organised his people for their heroic struggle against American troops.
BATTLE OF DIEN BIEN PHU: It was a battle fought between the French and the Vietminh in 1954. The French were defeated in this battle.
TRUNG SISTERS
They were two Vietnamese women who fought against the Chinese domination. Phan Boi Chau wrote a play based on their lives. When they lost the war, they killed themselves. The Vietnamese people considered the Trung sisters as great patriots.
TRUNG SISTERS
TRIEU AU
She organized an army to fight against the Chinese. She lived in the forest and led the war. She killed herself when she lost the war.
TRIEU AU
THE END
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