IMPORTANT ESSAYS 2014 Prepared by Zulqarnain Haider

Good Governance is a Myth in Pakistan Outline 1! Intr"du#ti"n 2! $%at i& 'eant by (""d (")ernan#e* +! $%at i& 'eant by Myt% ", (""d (")ernan#e* 4! $%at are t%e ele'ent& ", (""d (")ernan#e* Parti#ipat"ry -""d -")ernan#e ."n&en&u& "riented de#i&i"n& /"ll"0in- t%e Rule& and re-ulati"n& E,,e#ti)e Ad'ini&trati"n E,,i#ient utili1ati"n ", E#"n"'i# Re&"ur#e& Re&p"n&i)ene&& ", (")ern'ent Equity and in#lu&i)ene&& A##"untability ", all tier& ", &"#iety Tran&paren#y in dealin4/r"' In#epti"n t" 5ate6 7! I& -""d -")ernan#e a#tually a 'yt% in Pa3i&tan* 8! H"0 (""d (")ernan#e i& Myt% in Pa3i&tan* a! 9a#3 ", ri-%te"u& leader&%ip b! /ear& ,"r t%e de#entrali1ati"n ", p"0er #! ."llap&e ", ad'ini&trati)e &tru#ture d! S#ar#ity ", 'ana-erial and te#%ni#al &3ill&

2! State ", (")ernan#e in Pa3i&tan

e! Nep"ti&' and la#3 ", 'erit &y&te' ,! Red:tapi&' -! ;udi#ial In#apa#ity %! Ne-ati)e r"le ", Media i! <! l! Se#tariani&' and Militan#y =it#%en .abinet& /la0& in p"li#y 'a3in- and it& i'ple'entati"n

3! Ab&en#e ", rule ", la0 re&ultin- in p""r la0 and "rder &ituati"n '! 9a#3 ", tran&paren#y in t%e &y&te' n! Ri&e ", #"rrupti"n "! P""r a##"untability and audit p! P"liti#al #%a"& q! 5i&#"ntinuity in p"liti#al re-i'e& and in)"l)e'ent ", ar'y r! &! t! >! Anar#%y #au&ed by n"n &tate a#t"r& In&tituti"nal Tu&&le Rea#ti)e /"rei-n P"li#y

u! /eudali&' Mi&-")ernan#e Myt% %a& de&tabili1ed t%e ."untry ?! .an t%i& 'yt% be re)erted t" reality* 10! $%y n"t* $ay&! a! Attenti"n t"0ard& e#"n"'i# de)el"p'ent b! Rule ", 9a0 #! 5ele-ati"n ", p"0er t%r"u-% l"#al -")ern'ent &y&te' d! Mi@in- te#%n"#ra#y and bureau#ra#y in Publi# Ad'ini&trati"n e! A##"untability ", all publi# and pri)ate in&titute& "n t%e 0%"le a& 0ell a& at indi)idual le)el ,! (li'p&e ", %"pe 11! ."n#lu&i"n

Introduction: (""d -")ernan#e i& -enerally #"n#ei)ed a& t%e e@er#i&e ", e#"n"'i#A p"liti#al and ad'ini&trati)e aut%"rity in t%e publi# and pri)ate &e#t"r t" 'ana-e #"untry a,,air& at be&t t" i'pr")e t%e quality ", pe"pleB& li,e! Cn,"rtunatelyA Pa3i&tan la#3& pra#ti#e ", -""d -")ernan#e and i& d0indlin- t"0ard& &"#i":e#"n"'i# #ri&i& &in#e it& in#epti"n! H"ne&t and dili-ent ",,i#ial& are ,ru&trated 0it% t%e #"&t ine,,e#ti)e &y&te'D p"pula#e i& ,a#ed 0it% p"liti#al and bureau#rati# &y&te' 0%i#% i& neit%er a##"untable n"r re&p"n&i)e t" needD t%e entrepreneur i& ,a#ed 0it% &et ", p"li#ie& 0%i#% #"ntradi#t ea#% "t%er "r #"unterpr"du#ti)e! T%i& &y&te' %a& ta3en t%e &%ape ", a &y&te' 0%i#% pr"'"te& dire#tly "r indire#tly #"rrupti"nA in&tability in all 0al3& ", nati"nal li,e! Re&ultantlyA -""d -")ernan#e %a& be#"'e& a 'yt%! Pa3i&tan and it& #"n&tituent pr")in#e& 'u&t brin- a radi#al #%an-e in a 0ay t" en&ure pre&en#e ", -""d -")ernan#e in all area& ", li,e "t%er0i&e t%i& dar3 #l"ud ", 'yt% 0ill be#"'e t%i#3er and t%i#3er! Paragraphic Statements: 1! Intr"du#ti"n 2! $%at i& 'eant by (""d (")ernan#e* (""d (")ernan#e i& -enerally #"n#ei)ed a& t%e e@er#i&e ", e#"n"'i#A p"liti#al and ad'ini&trati)e aut%"rity in t%e publi# and pri)ate &p%ere& t" 'ana-e a #"untryB& a,,air& at all le)el& t" i'pr")e t%e quality ", li,e ", t%e pe"ple! +! $%at i& 'eant by Myt% ", (""d (")ernan#e* 4! $%at are t%e ele'ent& ", (""d (")ernan#e* (""d -")ernan#e i& #"'p"&ed ", ,"ll"0in- ele'ent& E Parti#ipat"ry -""d -")ernan#e In a -""d -")ernin- &tateA all t%e in,luential 'e'ber& are "n b"ard 0%ile 'a3ina p"li#y! E ."n&en&u& "riented de#i&i"n& ."n&en&u& bein- an i'p"rtant ,a#t"r i& built up a'"n- leadin- and "pp"&iti"n partie& 0%ile ta3in- de#i&i"n& re-ardin- t%e perpetuality ", t%e &tate! E Rule& and re-ulati"n&

One ", t%e 3ey ele'ent& 0%i#% en&ure &tateB& ability t" 0"r3 e,,i#iently i& t%e i'ple'entati"n ", rule ", la0 in e)ery ,ield ", li,e! E E,,e#ti)ene&& and e,,i#ien#y Rulin- b"die& intr"du#e e,,e#ti)e re,"r'& ,"r de)el"p'ent and are al&" e,,i#ient en"u-% t" e@e#ute t%e' appr"priately and ti'ely! E Re&p"n&i)ene&& (")ern'ent &%"uld be readily re&p"n&i)e t" e)ery"neB& )ie0&A "b<e#ti"n& and di&a&ter& ,a#ed by t%e nati"n! E Equity and in#lu&i)ene&& (""d &tate& en&ure 0ell bein- ", &"#iety by payin- equal attenti"n t" t%e e)ery 'e'ber ", &tate and pr")idin- %i' <u&ti#e 0it%"ut any indi,,eren#e! E A##"untability A##"untability #ell& are ne#e&&ary t" a&#ertain &tate per,"r'an#e up t" t%e 'ar3A t%ere,"reA all t%e -")ernin- 'e'ber& &%"uld be a##"untable t" publi# and i'p"rtant &ta3e%"lder& ", t%e in&tituti"n! E Tran&paren#y Step& ta3en in ,a)"r ", #"''unity de)el"p'ent &%"uld be tran&parent and in,"r'ati"n re-ardin- t%e&e &tep& &%"uld be ea&ily a##e&&ible t" all #"n#erned pe"ple t" a)"id #"rrupti"n! 2! State ", (")ernan#e in Pa3i&tan Pa3i&tan %a& been t%r"u-% 'ultiple -")ernan#e #ri&e& &in#e it& in#epti"n t" date be#au&e ", #"rrupt leader&%ipA la#3 ", "b<e#ti)e ba&ed p"li#yA a##"untability and in#"n&i&ten#y t" i'ple'ent any 'ea&ure&! 4/r"' In#epti"n t" 5ate6 7! I& -""d -")ernan#e a#tually a 'yt% in Pa3i&tan* Pr"&perityA %appine&& and %ar'"ny a'"n- pe"ple are a &i-n ", -""d -")ernan#e 0%i#% i& n"t pre&ent a'"n- Pa3i&tani& t%atB& 0%y -""d -")ernan#e i& #"n&idered a& a 'yt% in Pa3i&tan! 8! H"0 (""d (")ernan#e i& Myt% in Pa3i&tan* T%ere i& plet%"ra ", rea&"n& be%ind t%i& 'yt% ", -""d -")ernan#e in Pa3i&tan! a! 9a#3 ", ri-%te"u& leader&%ip be%a)i"r Pa3i&tan i& unlu#3y t" -et a ,ar&i-%ted and %"ne&t leader a,ter t%e deat% ", Fuaid till n"0 t" lead it t"0ard& &u##e&&!

b! /ear& ,"r t%e de#entrali1ati"n ", p"0er Pre&ent leader&%ip i& a,raid ,r"' de#entrali1ati"n ", p"0er t%atB& 0%y 'any i'p"rtant #i)ilian de#i&i"n& are en"r'"u&ly a,,e#ted by n"n:-")erninb"die&! #! ."llap&e ", ad'ini&trati)e &tru#ture Ad'ini&trati)e &tru#ture in Pa3i&tan i& "utdated and n"t re)i&ed a& did by t%e de)el"ped 0"rld! d! S#ar#ity ", 'ana-erial and te#%ni#al &3ill&

Our 'ana-e'ent &y&te' d"e& n"t #"'pete 0it% -""d -")erned &tate& be#au&e ", la#3 ", 'ana-e'ent and ad)an#e te#%ni#al t""l& and &3ill&! e! Nep"ti&' and la#3 ", 'erit &y&te' Main e)il be%ind p""r -")ernan#e i& re#ruit'ent ", pe"ple by ,a)"riti&' and nep"ti&' a-ain&t 'erit! ,! Red:tapi&' Pra#ti#e ", red:tapi&' i& #"''"n a'"n- -")ern'ent ",,i#e&A #"rp"rati"n& and "t%er lar-e "r-ani1ati"nA 0%i#% ",ten 'ade r"ute ", e,,i#ien#y %ard and indire#tly %a& be#"'e an i'p"rtant #au&e ,"r t%e #"llap&e ", -")ernan#e! -! ;udi#ial In#apa#ity ;udi#iary i& an i'p"rtant &tate #entered in&tituti"n t" pr")ide <u&ti#e "n ti'e but in #urrent &#enari" t%i& i& n"t ,ul,illin- it& duty in pr")i&i"n ", i'partial <u&ti#e e&pe#ially "n t%e la0 and "rder i&&ue&! %! Ne-ati)e r"le ", Media Media i& n"t playin- it& due r"le ,"r p"intin- "ut ,la0& ", &y&te'& but it i& e@a--eratin- "n uni'p"rtant i&&ue and #au&in- %ue and #ry a'"n- pe"ple 0%i#% are leadin- t" p""r -")ernan#e! i! Se#tariani&' and Militan#y Se#tariani&' and e@tre'i&' are 'a<"r t%reat& t" -""d -")ernan#e a& t%ey b"0 t%e &eed& ", anar#%y!

<! =it#%en .abinet& =it#%en #abinet& bein- #"n#eited and %au-%ty in t%eir ai'& %a)e al0ay& bene,itted t%e'&el)e& "n nati"nal #"&t! 3! Ab&en#e ", rule ", la0 re&ultin- in p""r la0 and "rder &ituati"n Ab&en#e ", rule ", la0 in &tate i& an"t%er rea&"n ", re&tle&&ne&& and #%a"& in &tate! l! /la0& in p"li#y 'a3in- and i'ple'entati"n One ", t%e -ra)e i&&ue& be%ind p""r -")ernan#e i& inability t" ,"r' an "b<e#ti)e ba&ed p"li#y and t%en it& i'ple'entati"n! '! 9a#3 ", tran&paren#y in t%e &y&te' Our #urrent &y&te' pr")ide& 'any pat%& ,"r e&#ape t" bla#3 &%eep be#au&e ", ab&en#e ", tran&paren#y in &y&te'! n! Ri&e ", #"rrupti"n 9a#3 ", a##"untability and tran&paren#y i& dire#tly pr"p"rti"nal t" #"rrupti"n t%atB& 0%y -reater t%e ab&en#e ", a##"untabilityA '"re t%e #"rrupti"n in &y&te' and '"re t%e -")ernan#e )i#ti'i1ed! "! P""r a##"untability and audit p! P"liti#al #%a"& q! 5i&#"ntinuity in p"liti#al re-i'e& and in)"l)e'ent ", ar'y T%e di&#"ntinuity ", p"liti#al re-i'e ", Pa3i&tan ,r"' 1?48 t" till n"0 %a)e bet0een #i)ilian in&tituti"n& and 'ilitary %a& #au&ed a 3ey da'a-e t" -""d -")ernan#e! r! Anar#%y #au&ed by n"n &tate a#t"r& Gari"u& n"n:&tate a#t"r& are al&" playin- 'ali#i"u& r"le in de&tr"yin- p"liti#alA e#"n"'i#al and &"#ial ,abri#& ", &tate by &preadin- )i"len#e and ,ear! &! In&tituti"nal Tu&&le $%en in&tituti"n& &urpa&& #"n&tituti"nA tu&&le a'"n- t%e' i& -enerated and &a'e i& t%e #a&e ", Pa3i&tan! t! Re:A#ti)e /"rei-n P"li#y Pr":a#ti)e and &%re0d ,"rei-n p"li#y ", a #"untry a&&ure& it& &u##e&& at internati"nal ,"ra but it %a& al0ay& been rea#ti)e in Pa3i&tan due t" n"n:)i&i"nary leader&%ip! u! /eudali&' >! (")ernin- Myt% %a& de&tabili1ed t%e ."untry ?! .an t%i& 'yt% be re)erted t" reality*

10! $%y n"t* a! Attenti"n t"0ard& e#"n"'i# de)el"p'ent b! I'ple'entati"n ", rule& and re-ulati"n& #! 5ele-ati"n ", p"0er and l"#al -")ern'ent &y&te' d! In)"l)e'ent ", te#%n"#ra#y al"n- 0it% bureau#ra#y in t%e publi# &e#t"r "r-ani1ati"n& i& t%e need ", t%e %"ur e! Pri)ati1ati"n ", #ertain depart'ent& ,! A##"untability ", all publi# and n"n -")ern'ent "r-ani1ati"nal in&titute& "n t%e 0%"le a& 0ell a& at indi)idual le)el -! Stri#tly ,"ll"0in- ", 'e'"randa ", under&tandin- bet0een t%e aide partyA i, anyA and t%e -")ern'ent 11! (li'p&e ", %"pe 12! ."n#lu&i"n T%ere i& n" e@a--erati"n in it i, 0e &ay t%at t%e #urrent &"#ialA e#"n"'i# and p"liti#al &ituati"n ", Pa3i&tan i& t%e re&ult ", p""r -")ernan#e e@er#i&ed by t%e ruler& &in#e %er in#epti"n! T%e pr"-re&& ", a #"untry depend& up"n t%e de#i&i"n 'a3in-A p"li#y ,"r'ulati"n and it& i'ple'entati"n! It i& a uni)er&al rule t%at e)ery p"liti#al party 'a3e& r"ar& ", intr"du#in- re,"r'& ,"r t%e better'ent and pr"&perity ", t%e &"#iety be,"re #"'in- int" p"0er and &" i& t%e #a&e 0it% Pa3i&tan! $e #ann"t deny t%e ,a#t t%at t%e #"n&tru#ti"n ", t%e buildin- ", a #"untry i& ba&ed "n t%e pillar& ", -""d -")ernan#e and n" &u#% pillar& are a)ailable &" ,ar in Pa3i&tan! At t%e &a'e ti'eA it i& )ery i'p"rtant t" di)ert t%i& 'yt% ", -""d -")ernan#e int" reality andA 0it%"ut any i"ta ", d"ubtA it i& )ery 'u#% p"&&ible! Ot%er0i&eA "ne &%"uld be ready t" ,a#e t%e ad)er&e e,,e#t& ", &u#% a bla#3 -")ernan#e &y&te'!

Crisis of Good Governance in Pakistan

Introduction (""d -")ernan#e i& a prerequi&ite ,"r &"#ial %ar'"nyA publi# "rderA p"liti#al &tabilityA e#"n"'i# pr"&perity and #ertainty ab"ut ,uture! It deli)er& t%e ,ruit ", pr"-re&& and

de)el"p'ent e)enly t" all and &undry! (""d -")ernan#e i& required at all le)el& ", &"#iety and &tate! E&&ential& ", -""d -")ernan#e Pr"'"ti"n ", nati"nal #"%e&i"n Nati"nal inte-rati"n In&tituti"nal &upre'a#y Independent <udi#iary ."n&tituti"nal &upre'a#y Rule ", la0 P"liti#al &tability Edu#ati"nal "pp"rtunitie& S"#i":e#"n"'i# de)el"p'ent Equal di&tributi"n ", re&"ur#e& $el,are &tate 0it% pr")i&i"n ", &"#ial &e#uritie& Str"n- 0rit ", t%e -")ern'ent "n all ,r"nt& Situati"n ", -")ernan#e in Pa3i&tan /"r#e& ", di&inte-rati"n :: &tr"n-er t%an ,"r#e& ", #"%e&i"n $ea3 0rit ", t%e -")ern'ent Ab&en#e ", independent <udi#iary N" rule ", la0 P"liti#al in&tability Interpr")in#ial #"n,li#t& Cnequal di&tributi"n ", re&"ur#e& Pa3i&tan pre&entin- a pi#ture ", e@tre'e bad -")ernan#e "n all nati"nal ,r"nt& What are the Causes governance crises in Pakistan P"liti#al #au&e& Parlia'entA a t""t%le&& ti-er P"liti#al in&tability due t" #"n&tant 'ilitary inter,eren#e I&&ue ", pr")in#iali&' "n re)enueA re&"ur#e& and de'and ", pr")in#ial aut"n"'y Ad'ini&trati)e #au&e& Hureau#rati# %"ld "n all in&tituti"n&

P"liti#al inter,eren#e "n bureau#ra#y ."rrupti"nA '"t%er ", all e)il& Ab&en#e ", #ulture ", a##"untability Mi&'ana-e'ent ", re&"ur#e& Pa3i&tanA a &",t &tate be#au&e ", inability ", i'ple'entati"n ", p"li#ie& due t" la#3 ", #"n&en&u& E#"n"'i# #au&e& /ra-ile e#"n"'y : /5I &%rin3in- "n a##"unt ", terr"ri&' and p"liti#al in&tability .ri&i& ", ener-yA ,""dA 0ater ."rrupti"n ,r"' t"p t" b"tt"' #reatin- burden "n t%e -")ern'ent e@#%equer S"#ial #au&e& P")erty I 40 per #ent p"pulati"n li)in- bel"0 t%e p")erty line 4CN rep"rt&6 O)er p"pulati"n :1>!7 #r"re Illitera#y leadin- t" &"#i":e#"n"'i# ba#30ardne&& Re'edie& Pa3i&tan i& in dire need ", truly #apable leader&%ip Str"n- anti:#"rrupti"n #a'pai-n& &tren-t%enin- Nati"nal A##"untability Hureau Stri#t a##"untability ", all -")ern'ent &er)ant& in parti#ular and #"''"n 'a&&e& in -eneral In)e&t'ent in &"#i":e#"n"'i# de)el"p'ent All"#ati"n ", &e)en per #ent (5P ,"r edu#ati"n T%ree per #ent ,"r p"pulati"n #"ntr"l T%ree per #ent ,"r p")erty alle)iati"n (enerati"n ", ne0 e'pl"y'ent "pp"rtunitie& Equal di&tributi"n ", re&"ur#e& En&urin- ,reed"' ", pre&& ."n#lu&i"n

Sectarianism and Extremism have put the Peace of Pakistan at Stake Outline Intr"du#ti"n $%at i& Se#tariani&'* $%at i& 'eant by E@tre'i&'* $%at d" 0e 'ean by Pea#e ", Pa3i&tan* Hi&t"ry ", Se#tariani&' and E@tre'i&' in Pa3i&tan Internal /a#t"r& ."n&tituti"nal a'end'ent 1?84 ZiaB& I&la'i1ati"n P"li#y and #"n,li#t& bet0een &unni and &%ia ba&ed S%aria la0& /"r'ati"n ", reli-i"u& partie& 9a&%3ar:e:;%an-)iA Sipa% &a%abaA Te%ree3:e: Taliban Pa3i&tan et# T%e #"ntent& ", tea#%in- &yllabu& in &#%""l& /anati# be%a)i"r ", "rt%"d"@ Cle'a

E@ternal /a#t"r& I&la'i# re)"luti"n in Iran /undin- by Saudi Arabia and Iran

10

S")iet uni"n A CSA and A,-%ani&tan

H"0 Se#tariani&' and Radi#ali&' %a)e ")erp"0ered Pa3i&tan* P"liti#":reli-i"u& di,,eren#e& ."n,li#t& bet0een N"n:Mu&li'& and Mu&li'& Sunni:S%ia ."n,li#t& ."n,li#t& bet0een Sub Hran#%e& ", Sunni i!e! Hrale)iA 5e"band Et#

R"le ", Taliban and Al:Faeda 4Main A#t"r&6 R"le ", Madra&&a%& Illitera#y P")erty Cne'pl"y'ent E@tre'i&' i& be#"'in- &"#ial be%a)i"r Are t%e&e t%e real t%reat& t" Pea#e ", Pa3i&tan* H"0 Pea#e i& de&tr"yed by E@tre'i&' and radi#ali&'* E@tre'i&' i& t%e R""t ", all E)il& in S"#iety 9a#3 ", T"leran#e A'"n- .iti1en& S"#ial Cnre&t =illin- ", Inn"#ent Pe"ple S"#i":E#"n"'i# .ri&i& /ear& ", .i)il $ar /ear ", ."untry 5i)i&i"n "n Se#tarian Ha&i& Nati"nal 5i&inte-rati"n Cn#ertainty A'"n- Pe"ple 9"&& ", Tru&t45eteri"rati"n ", M"ral )alue&6 P""re&t 9a0 and Order Situati"n4Anar#%y6

11

/ra-ile E#"n"'y P"liti#al .%a"&

H"0 pea#e #an be br"u-%t ba#3 int" &"#iety* (""d (")ernan#e E@#ellent Se#urity p"li#y and it& &tri#t i'ple'entati"n 4Anti terr"ri&' 9a0&6 Edu#ati"n ,"r all Pr"du#ti)e R"le ", Media /reeA I'partial and I''ediate ;u&ti#e Re,"r'& in Madra&&a%a& .urri#ulu' and $"r3in/la0ed la0& and le-al l""p%"le& &%"uld be re'")ed /"rei-n Aid t" E@tre'i&t -r"up &%"uld be eradi#ated

Se#tariani&' ,ree Pa3i&tan and Pr"&perity ."n#lu&i"n

The

ream of Economic Se!f"#e!iance of Pakistan

Outline Intr"du#ti"n $%at i& 'eant by E#"n"'i# &el, relian#e* State ", e#"n"'y ", Pa3i&tan 4an ")er)ie06

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$%at are t%e %urdle& in "ur 0ay ", be#"'in- e#"n"'i# &el, reliant* In#"'petent 9eader&%ip 9"0 Ta@ t" (5P /la0ed E#"n"'i# P"li#e& Me-a ."rrupti"n& P"liti#al In&tability A-ri#ultural Ha#30ardne&& Indu&trial Slu--i&%ne&& 9i'ited /5I Illitera#y 5eteri"ratin- 9a0 and Order Situati"n (ra)e&t $ater and Ener-y .ri&e& Hrain 5rain Natural 5i&a&ter& 9a)i&% E@penditure& ", (")t /un#ti"narie& $%at are t%e i'pa#t& ", e#"n"'i# dependen#e* P"liti#al I'pa#t& S"#ial I'pa#t& Reli-i"u& i'pa#t& .ultural I'pa#t& E#"n"'i# I'pa#t& Se#urity I'pa#t& H"0 t" re)eal t%e drea' ", E#"n"'i# Sel,:Relian#e* ."'petent and /ar:Si-%ted 9eader&%ip (""d (")ernan#e Alienatin- $ater and Ener-y .ri&e& Hr"adenin- Ta@ Ha&e and Net Pra#ti#al Sl"-an ", Trade n"t Aid A-ri#ultural Re)"luti"n Pr"-re&&i)e Indu&trial Se#t"r En#"ura-in- /5I E@#ellent la0 and Order Situati"n Enri#%in- t%e Ma&&e& in (eneral and Te#%ni#al Edu#ati"n P"liti#al S%re0dne&&A Stability and Maturity

13

5i&bandin- ."rrupti"n Pr"per Hu'an Re&"ur#e Retain'entA Mana-e'ent and Ctili1ati"n ."ntr"llin- .apital /li-%t 5i&a&ter Mana-e'ent Pra#ti#in- /ru-ality by t%e State /un#ti"narie& Pr"&perity all ")er i, 0e a#%ie)e t%e &tate ", E#"n"'i# Sel,:Relian#e ."n#lu&i"n

Intr"du#ti"n In t%e #"nte'p"rary 0"rld e#"n"'y i& -"in- t" be treated a& a reli-i"n! T%e ti'e %a& -"ne 0%en t%e &uperp"0er& 0ere 0eap"nry and 'i-%ty land p"0er&! T%i& i& t%e era ", e#"n"'i# independen#eA &el, relian#e and &uperp"0erne&&! At t%i& <un#ture ", %i&t"ryA t%"&e #"untrie& are &uperp"0er& 0%i#% are e#"n"'i#ally independentA &")erei-n and &el, reliant! T%e &t"ry be%ind t%e &u##e&& ", 0e&tern p"0er&A t%e de)el"ped 0"rld i& t%eir e#"n"'i# independen#e and &el, relian#e! Hut un,"rtunatelyA &ituati"n in Pa3i&tan i& t"tally ad)er&e! Rea&"n i& )ery &i'pleA Pa3i&tan i& ri#% in natural re&"ur#e& but p""r in t%eir 'ana-e'ent! Si@ty &e)en year& %a)e pa&&ed &in#e in#epti"n but n"ne ", "ur &y&te' i& truly "r-ani1ed and de)el"ped! Re&ultantlyA 0e are ,a#in- #"untle&& pr"ble'& in e)ery &p%ere ", indi)idual and nati"nal li,e! T%i& i& %i-% ti'e ,"r "ur p"li#y 'a3er& t" de)i&e &u#% p"li#ie& "n 0ar ba&i& 0%i#% #"uld 'a3e "ur #"untry e#"n"'i# &el, reliant and put it "n t%e pat% ", pea#eA pr"-re&& and pr"&perity!

T%e .%allen-e& ,"r t%e Ne0 5e'"#rati# -")ern'ent ! Outline& 1! Intr"du#ti"n a! 5e'"#ra#y de,ined

14

b! 5e'"#ra#y in t%e li-%t ", Cnited Nati"n& 2! Ha&i# in-redient& ", 5e'"#ra#y a! Parti#ipati"n ", Publi# : /ree a##e&& t" 0"'en t" parti#ipate in ele#t"rate&! :equal ri-%t& ,"r rural and urban p"pula#e in rai&in- t%eir )"i#e ,"r t%eir ri-%t& b! Rule ", 9a0 :In&tituti"n& be p"0er,ul t%an indi)idual&! :deli)eran#e ", ti'ely <u&ti#e #! /air and e-alitarian di&tributi"n ", nati"nal re&"ur#e& : de&i-nin- ,inan#ial p"li#ie& in 3eepin- )ie0 ", all t%e &e-'ent& ", &"#iety! : Eradi#atin- t%e 0ide #%a&' ", #la&& #ulture! d! Pr"te#ti"n t" 'in"ritie& e! Independen#e ", ;udi#iary and ,ree Media ,! S'""t% tran&,er ", P"0er %! (uaranteed pr")i&i"n ", Hu'an Ri-%t& a#r"&& t%e H"ard +! A l""3 int" t%e P"liti#al %i&t"ry ", Pa3i&tan a! 5i,,erent Era ", Military Rule and T0i&tin- 5e'"#rati# -")ern'ent&! b! R"le ", Hureau#ra#y and ;udi#iary in b"t% Military and #i)ilian -")ern'ent& 4! .urrent S#enari" ", t%e ne0 5e'"#rati# -")ern'ent 2! Ma<"r .%allen-e& ,"r t%e ne0 5e'"#rati# -")ern'ent a! O)er#"'e t%e &%"rta-e ", Ener-y Re&"ur#e& b! Re:analy1e t%e i'pa#t& ", Pr")in#ial Aut"n"'y "n t%e /ederal Stru#ture! #! Re:de&i-n t%e &%are ", pr")in#e& in t%e ,"rt%#"'in- N/. A0ard! d! ,"r'ulate t%e Nati"nal Se#urity p"li#y t" #"unter t%reat& ", terr"ri&' ! e! S%ape t%e /"rei-n P"li#y ", Pa3i&tan a##"rdin- t" t%e Require'ent& ", #%an-in- re-i"nal and -l"bal i&&ue&! ,! 5ealin- 0it% t%e t%reat& ", Separati&t in Halu#%i&tan and Sind% -! ."ndu#tin- P"pulati"n and %u'anitarian analy&i&! %! Plu- t%e l""p %"le& in t%e ,inan#ial and e#"n"'i# P"li#ie&! I! Ma3e pra#ti#al &%"rt and l"n- ter' &trate-ie& t" ")er#"'e deadly ,l""d&! <! .ru&% t%e &u&pi#i"u& '")e& ", Military inter,eren#e in t%e P"liti#al 'atter&!

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= !Re<u)enate all t%e et%ni# and lin-ual #"''unitie& t"0ard& t%e plat,"r' ", pr"-re&& and pr"&perity ", t%e #"untry l! I'pr")e t%e i'a-e ", t%e #"untry in t%e $"rld #"'ity! '! T%e #%an-e ", #"''and in #i)ilian and 'ilitary in&tituti"n&! n! Settin- up 9"#al -")ern'ent&! "! .reate e'pl"y'ent "pp"rtunitie& ,"r t%e Y"ut% bul-e 7! Su--e&ti"n& t" 'eet t%e #%allen-e& a! I'ple'entin- t%e Rule ", 9a0 in letter and &pirit and en&urin- #"n&tituti"nal &upre'a#y! b! In#"rp"ratin- Opp"&iti"n int" t%e de#i&i"n 'a3in- ,"r Nati"nal Intere&t&! #! ."ndu#tin- ,ree and ,air ele#ti"n& ,"r l"#al b"dyB& -")ern'ent! d! 5e&i-nin- JN" Aid "nly TradeB p"li#y ,"r re-i"nal and -l"bal partner&! e! Ta3in- be&t endea)"r& t" re'")e t%e 'ena#e ", ."rrupti"nA ,a)"riti&' and nep"ti&' in &ele#tin- %ead& ", Publi# in&tituti"n&! ,! S%unnin- t%e pra#ti#e ", tar-etin- "pp"&iti"n leader& in ,abri#ated .a&e& and trial&! -! Addre&&in- t%e t%reat& ", &eparati&t& 0it% +5D dial"-ueA dipl"'a#y and deterren#e! %! Rede&i-nin- t%e Publi# Ser)i#e& #"''i&&i"n& at pr")in#ial le)el& and in#"rp"ratin- Publi# #"rp"rati"n& under t%e Pr")in#ial Publi# &er)i#e& #"''i&&i"n&! i! #"ntinuin- t%e pr"-ra'& and p"li#ie& ", t%e la&t -")ern'ent till #"'pleti"n ", In,ra&tru#tural and e#"n"'i# pr"<e#t& t%at pr")ide bene,it& t" t%e 'a&&e&! 8! ."n#lu&i"n

#o!e of Media
K/reed"' ", #"n&#ien#eA ", edu#ati"nA ", &pee#%A ", a&&e'blyA i& a'"n- t%e )ery ,unda'ental& ", de'"#ra#y and all ", t%e' 0"uld be nulli,ied i, ,reed"' ", t%e pre&& be &u##e&&,ully #%allen-ed!L 'aintained CS pre&ident R""&e)elt!

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A&pe#t R"le ", 'edia in &"#iety 1! Intr"du#ti"n 1! $%at i& 'edia* 2! Media in "ld day& it& 0ay& and "b<e#ti)e& +! (r"0t% ", 'edia #"rre&p"ndin- 0it% t%e -r"0t% ", &"#iety 4! Fuantu' &%i,t ", 'edia ,r"' "ral t" 0ritten 0it% t%e di&#")ery ", print 'edia 2! A -li'p&e ", di,,erent #i)ili1ati"n& and 'edia 7! $%en t%e tribe& 'er-ed int" #ity &tate&D t%e r"le ", 'edia al&" #%an-ed 8! T%e 'edia up& and d"0n& a! t%e )"i#e ", t%e ri#% and in,luential pe"ple b! t%e )"i#e ", ruler&M 3in-& >! $it% t%e e'er-en#e ", de'"#ra#y 0%at 0a& t%e #%an-ed #rept int" t%e r"le ", 'edia ?! M"dern 0"rld 'edia and de'"#ra#y 10! $%ere t%e de'"#ra#y i& &u&pended t%e r"le ", 'edia i& #%an-ed a##"rdin-ly '"&tly due t" pre&&ure ", -")ern'ent 4di#tat"r&6 11! 5e)el"p'ent ", 'edia renai&&an#eA de)el"p'ent and &#ien#e 12! S"#ietie& de)el"pedA de)el"pin- and underde)el"ped )i&:a:)i& t%e r"le and de)el"p'ent ", 'edia 1+! $%en d"e& a 'ediu' be#"'e t%e t""l ", #%an-e* 14! I& t%e 'edia really in,luential en"u-% t" brin- t%e #%an-e in &"#iety* 12! $%at are t%e ,a#t"r& 0%i#% 'a3e t%e 'edia in,luential* 17 0%i#% &e#ti"n ", &"#iety d"e& t%e 'edia in,luen#e -ra)ely a upper b l"0er # 'iddle 18 t%e 0ay& and 'ean& 0%i#% t%e 'edia e'pl"y "r #an e'pl"y ,"r brin-in- t%e #%an-e in &"#iety a! di,,erent &"rt ", pr"-ra'& b! ne0& #A rep"rt& d! a-ain and a-ain #")era-e e! di&#u&&i"n& ,! dial"-ue&

17

%! &t"rie& i! &atiri#al pr"-ra'& < #art""n& 3! u&in- &pe#i,i# 0"rd& "r lan-ua-e l! t%e r"le ", an#%"rper&"n '! dra'a& n! d"#u'entarie& "! dre&&in1>! T%e area& in 0%i#% 'edia #an brin- #%an-e a! p"liti#al b &"#ial # reli-i"u& d #ultural % e#"n"'i# I &#ienti,i#Medu#ati"nal 1?! Media and p"liti#al #%an-e a! e,,e#tin- di,,erent de#i&i"n& ", t%e -")ern'ent b! ,a)"rin- any "ne in&tituti"n ", t%e -")ern'ent #! -")ern'ent& d"'e&ti# and ,"rei-n p"li#ie& d! -")ern'ent& de)el"p'ental pr"<e#t& % ,a)"rin- di,,erent &e#ti"n& ", &"#iety ")er ea#% "t%er I #an in,luen#e trea&ury and "pp"&iti"n ben#%e& ; 'ay in,luen#e le-i&lati"n = 'ay in,luen#e "ne party "r "t%er "ne 9 'ay in,luen#e #an)a&&in- and )"tinM 'ay pr")ide ,""d ,"r t%"u-%t ,"r -")ern'ent N 'ay ,a)"r any &y&te' ", t%e -")ern'ent O 'ay ,a)"r le,t 0in- "r ri-%t 0in- partie& P 'ay ,a)"r liberalA #"n&er)ati)e "r &e#ular partie& 20! I& t%e 'edia al0ay& neutral and "b<e#ti)e in brin-in- p"liti#al #%an-e* 21! $%at are t%e ,"r#e& 0%i#% deter'ine t%e p"li#y ", t%e 'edia::::::di,,erent #%annel&Mne0&paper& "0ned by di,,erent "0ner& 0it% di,,erent ide"l"-ie&A 0it% di,,erent &"ur#e& ", ,undin-* 22! 5i,,erent a-en#ie& 'ay al&" ,ind t%eir a-ent& in 'edia

18

2+! 0"rld p"0er& :::: 'edia :::: d"'e&ti# p"liti#al #%an-e and ,"rei-n p"liti#al #%an-e 24! T" 0%at e@tent 0"rld p"0er& are be,""led and -uided by 'edia and it& -l"bal p"liti#al i'pa#t& 22! .an 0e 'a3e t%e 'edia really neutral* t%e p"rtrayer ", "nly t%e trut%* I, ye& t%en %"0* 27 'edia and &"#ial #%an-e a be%a)i"r ", t%e pe"ple b relati"n&%ip a'"n- t%e pe"ple #! 'edia and %ealt% d! #"n&#i"u&ne&& ab"ut di,,erent di&ea&e& e! ad)erti&e'ent , edu#ati"n - quality ", edu#ati"n % di,,erent edu#ati"nal '")e'ent& ", t%e 0"rld i &yllabu& < t%e &ituati"n ", edu#ati"nal in&tituti"n& 3 uni)er&ity #"lle-e &#%""l l edu#ati"n in rural area& ' edu#ati"n in <ail n! edu#ati"n ,"r &pe#ial pe"ple "! Edu#ati"n ", 0"'en p i&&ue& ", 0"'en and 'edia q Edu#ati"n r e#"n"'i# e'p"0er'ent & d"'e&ti# )i"len#e t -ender bia&ne&& u! 'edia in t%e 0a3e ", natural di&a&ter& 28 '"ral i&&ue& and 'edia a de#en#y b! %"ne&ty #! inte-rity d! dili-en#e e! di&#ipline ,! trut%

19

-! re&pe#t %! de)el"p'ent ", &"#ial )alue& i! #leanline&& < ,"rbearan#e and t"leran#e 3 %ar'"ny bet0een di,,erent I ,a#ti"n& Ii ra#e& Iii &e#t& I) lin-ui&ti# -r"up& 2>! t" 0%at e@tent 'edia d"e& pr"'"te &"#ial #%an-e and in 0%i#% #"nte@t 2?! i& t%e #%an-e naturalA indu#ed "r i'p"&ed* +0! -l"bali1ati"nM&"#ial #%an-e and r"le ", 'edia +1! 5i,,erent -r"upB& ,"rei-n and indi-en"u& 'edia and &"#ial #%an-e and rea#ti"n ", &"#iety +2! Reli-i"u& #%an-e and 'edia a! di&#u&&i"n a'"n- di,,erent di)ine reli-i"n& b! t%r"u-% di&#u&&i"n a'"n- di,,erent reli-i"n& de)el"p'ent ", under&tandin# t" le&&en t%e ,ri#ti"n a'"n- di,,erent reli-i"n&: I&la' .%ri&tianity ;udai&' and Hindui&' d! t%r"u-% reli-i"n t" brin- t%e 0"rld t"-et%er in t%e 0a3e ", -l"bali1ati"n e intra:reli-i"u& %ar'"ny ,! reli-i"u& dutie& and &pe#ial pr"-ra'& "n 'edia < deat% and birt% anni)er&arie& ", reli-i"u& ,i-ure& 3! reli-i"n '"dernity and 'edia l! blind reli-i"u& belie,& and r"le ", 'edia '! true pi#ture ", reli-i"n and 'edia n! #"n#ept& and pra#ti#e& "! r"le ", &" #alled 'ulla%&MSu,i& p #an 'edia be n"t bia&ed in t%e 'atter ", reli-i"n* ++! .ultural #%an-e and 'edia a! dre&& b! diet # di,,erent ,e&ti)al& d art

20

e 'u&i# , ar#%ite#ture - literature % traditi"nal #ulture )i&:a:)i& '"dern #ulture I #ulture 'edia and &ynt%e&i& +4! Media and e#"n"'i# #%an-e a! ad)erti&e'ent b! bu&ine&& "pp"rtunity #! ,a&%i"n indu&try d #%e'i#al indu&try e %"u&in- indu&try , ,""d indu&try +2! Media and publi# "pini"n +7! T" 0%at e@tent 'edia #an brin- t%e #%an-e in t%e li,e per&"nal and &"#ial ", an indi)idual +8! Media &en&ati"nal ne0& and indi)idual ", a &"#iety a #%ildren b y"ut% # "ld d! 0"'en e pr",e&&i"nal& +>! 'edia: a &eri"u& t%in- "r an entertain'ent "r plea&ure ti'e +?! Here i& t%e 'edia pu&%in- t%e 0"rld: t"0ard& #"n&tru#ti"n "r de&tru#ti"n 40! Are 0e 'ere #%an-eable entitie& be,"re 'edia "r t%in3in- and re&p"ndin- bein-& in li-%t ", "ur "0n #"n&#i"u&ne&&* 41! Media in 21&t #entury 42 t" 0%at e@tent #an 0e rely "n 'edia ,"r &e#ure pea#e,ul and pr"&per"u& 'an3ind

21

W$%T IS ME I%& Outline Intr"du#ti"n $%at I& Media* /un#ti"n& O, Media E E E E E E .reati"n O, A0arene&& Stren-t%en 5e'"#ra#y Pr"'"ti"n O, T"leran#e And Cnder&tandinAttra#t T%e Attenti"n O, P"li#y Ma3er& Stren-t%en Relati"n& $it% Ot%er ."untrie& Entertain'ent

E,,e#t& O, Media E P"&iti)e E,,e#t& i6 P"liti#al Analy&i& ii6 E#"n"'i# 5ebate iii6 S"#ial A0arene&& i)6 Reli-i"u& .lari,i#ati"n E Ne-ati)e E,,e#t& i6 P"liti#al (i''i#3 ii6 S"#ial E)il& iii6 5eteri"ratin- Reli-i"u& I'pre&&i"n& Media In Pa3i&tan .%allen-e& T" Media In Pa3i&tan .au&e& O, ."ntr"lled Media Su--e&ti"n& ."n#lu&i"n

Introduction: It i& ",ten &aid t%at 0"rld %a& be#"'e a -l"bal )illa-e! It i& 'edia t%at %a& &%run3 t%e 0"rld int" a )illa-e! Tele#"''uni#ati"nA TGA radi"A and n"0 #"'puter& %a)e redu#ed

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di&tan#e& and br"u-%t t%e #"untrie& ", t%e 0"rld #l"&er t" ea#% "t%er! /ree 'edia i& t%e inte-ral part ", de'"#ra#y! It a#t& a& t%e #u&t"dian ", de'"#ra#y and ,a#ilitate& t%e de#i&i"n:'a3in- pr"#e&&! It %a& be#"'e t%e )"i#e ", t%e 'a&&e&! IndeedA it i& in&tru'ental in &%apin- t%e publi# "pini"n! A &"#iety 0it% re&tri#ted 'edia i& <u&t li3e &ta-nant 0ater! Su#% &"#iety breed& "nly i-n"rant 'ind&! Pe"ple re'ain i-n"rant ", e)ent&A i-n"rant ", t%eir ri-%t&A t%eir duty t"t e% &tateA t%eir need& and t%e r"le t%at t%ey #an play ,"r t%e better'ent ", t%e &"#iety! Ma#aulay #alled t%e Pre&& a& t%e ,"urt% pillar ", t%e &tate! $it% t%e ad)ent ", ne0 te#%n"l"-y t%e 'edia %a& -ained ne0 di'en&i"n and -reat &tren-t%! It %a& tran&,"r'ed t%e pre&ent a-e int" in,"r'ati"n e@pl"&i"n! Hut un,"rtunatelyA e&pe#ially at t%i& <un#ture ", %i&t"ry 'edia i& n"t playin- t%e r"le it 0a& #reated ,"r! It %a& be#"'e '"re e@pl"iter t%an t%e builder! It &%"uld be y"3ed under t%e '"ral and le-al #"de& ,"r i'partialA unbia&ed and <u&ti,iable r"le ,"r t%e perpetual &u##e&&i"n ", t%e &"#iety b"t% nati"nal and internati"nal!

PARA(RAPHI. STATEMENTS ."''uni#ati"n #%annel& t%r"u-% 0%i#% ne0&A entertain'entA edu#ati"nA dataA pr"'"ti"nal 'e&&a-e& are di&&e'inated are #alled 'edia! Media in#lude& br"ad#a&tinand narr"0#a&tin- #%annel& &u#% a&A TGA radi"A telep%"neA ne0&paper&A 'a-a1ine&A billb"ard&A ,a@ and internet! $it% t%e pa&&a-e ", ti'eA 'edia %a& be#"'e t%e 'e'ber ", "ur &"#iety! It %a& ,ir'ly entren#%ed it& r""t& in "ur li,e and n"0 itB& %ard t" &ur)i)e 0it%"ut in t%i& '"dern a-e! Media play& 'any i'p"rtant ,un#ti"n& in t%e pre&ent a-e ran-in- ,r"' p"liti#al t" edu#ati"nal! 9etB& analy1e it& 'a<"r ,un#ti"n&! Media i& a p"0er,ul 0eap"n! It #reate& a0arene&& and #"n&#i"u&ne&& ", ri-%t&A dutie& and re&p"n&ibilitie& a'"n- t%e pe"ple! T%r"u-% itA pe"ple and -")ern'ent be#"'e #"-ni1ant ", t%e ,uture #%allen-e&! /"r a de'"#ra#y t" ,l"uri&%A a ,ree and &tr"n- 'edia i& prerequi&ite! /ree and ,air 'edia i& #"n&idered a& -uardian ", de'"#ra#y! It en&ure& ,ree and ,air ele#ti"n&A a##"untability

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and tran&,er ", p"0er! Aut"#rati# ruler& and 'ilitary di#tat"r& al0ay& %a)e a deep ab%"rren#e ,"r a 'edia a& it e@p"&e& t%eir ille-iti'a#yA #"rrupti"n and ineptne&&! One ", t%e bi--e&t pr"ble' t%at 0"rld i& ,a#in- t"day i& int"leran#e and 'utual 'i&tru&t! Int"leran#e 'a3e& t%e &"#iety <un-le! $"rld need& a bi- #%an-e! MediaA bein- a& 'u#% p"0er,ul &"ur#e t"dayA play& it& part by pr"'"tin- t"leran#e and 'utual under&tandin-! Media i& t%e "nly &"ur#e n"0 0%i#% i& ea&ily a##e&&ible t" all 0al3& ", pe"ple t%r"u-% TGA radi"A ne0&paper&A internet and n"0 '"bile p%"ne&! Pe"ple e@pre&& t%eir pr"ble'& and -rie)an#e t%r"u-% 'edia 0%i#% attra#t t%e attenti"n ", p"li#y 'a3er&! In t%i& 0ayA 'edia &%ape& t%e publi# "pini"n a& a 'ean& ", e@ertin- pre&&ure "n -")ern'ent and p"li#y 'a3er&! MediaA t%r"u-% it& )ari"u& trend&A #"l"r& and li,e&tyle&A %a& br"u-%t t%e nati"n& #l"&er t" ea#% "t%er! It depi#t& t%e reli-i"n and #ulture ", t%e #"untrie&! It #reate& &"#ial %ar'"ny and under&tandin- and pr"'"te& br"t%er%""d! 9a&t but n"t lea&t ,un#ti"n ", 'edia i& t%at it pr")ide& entertain'ent and re#reati"nal a#ti)itie&! $it%"ut entertain'ent &"#iety 0ill &u,,"#ate! Pe"ple 0ill be#"'e p&y#%"l"-i#al patient&! .ine'a&A ,il'&A TG #%annel&A radi" and internet pr")ide entertain'ent ,"r %ealt%y and &'""t% li,e! Media i& t%e 'irr"r ", a &"#iety! It re,le#t& t%e true pi#ture ", it! Hen#eA it a,,e#t& t%e &"#iety in di,,erent 0ay&! It %a& b"t% p"&iti)e and ne-ati)e i'pa#t&! 9etB& e)aluate it& e,,e#t& "n di,,erent a&pe#t& ", li,e! /ir&t ", allA 0e 0"uld #"n&ider p"&iti)e e,,e#t& ", 'edia "n &"#iety! It pr")ide& e,,e#t& "n &"#iety are a& under Media i& a p"0er,ul and e,,e#ti)e p"liti#al a-ent! It rai&e& t%e )"i#e ", t%e 'a&&e& and a#t& a& t%e interpreter ", &"#iety! It 3eep& an eye "n ea#% and e)ery a#ti"n ", t%e -")ern'ent! It n"t "nly p"int& "ut dra0ba#3& and lap&e& in t%e 0"r3& d"ne by t%e -")ern'ent but al&" &u--e&t& 'et%"d& t" i'pr")e t%e'! It brin-& e@pert "pini"n& t%r"u-% )ari"u& debate& and pr")ide& t%e -")ern'ent a -uideline t" ,"ll"0! It al&" brin-&

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t%e per,"r'an#e ", t%e rulin- -")ern'ent t" t%e 'a&&e& and a#t& a& a-ent ", #%an-e! It i& ,urt%er %elp,ul in &%unnin- unde'"#rati# and un#"n&tituti"nal a#ti"n& by 'ilitary di#tat"r& and #i)ilian ruler&! /urt%er'"reA 'edia al&" play& a )ery )ital r"le in e#"n"'i# &p%ere! It attra#t& t%e ,"rei-n in)e&t"r& by &%"0in- -")ern'entB& pr"<e#t& internati"nally! It i& al&" a -reat &"ur#e ", pur#%a&in- and &ellin-! One #an d" all "neB& bu&ine&& <u&t &ittin- at %"'e t%r"u-% internet! It 3eep& it& )ie0er& in t"u#% 0it% t%e ne0 trend& in bu&ine&& and pr"du#t& t%r"u-% ad)erti&e'ent! .%an-in- pri#e& ", t%e e&&ential& are n"t a %idden 'atter n"0! It al&" pre&ent& t%e per,"r'an#e ", &t"#3 e@#%an-e 0%i#% 3eep& t%e in)e&t"r& updated! A& ,ar a& &"#ial &p%ere i& #"n#ernedA it %a& br"u-%t t%e pe"ple ", t%e 0"rld #l"&er t" "ne an"t%er! It #%an-e& '""d& and be%a)i"r& ", pe"ple ,r"' #"n&er)ati)e liberal! It puri,ie& t%e &"#iety ,r"' &uper&titi"n&A e)il& and ,a3e &t"rie& by pre&entin- b"ld t"pi# t%r"u-% #%annel& and tal3 &%"0&! It %a& up-raded t%e li)in- &tandard& t%r"u-% ne0 %"u&e%"ld &tyle&! It "pen& ne0 a)enue& ", &u##e&& ,"r t%e y"ut%! It i& %i-%ly pr"du#ti)e in '"ldint%e #%ara#ter& and '"ral& ", t%e y"un- -enerati"n! Entertain'ent pr")ided by it %a& ,illed t%e li)e& 0it% t%e #"l"r& ", <"y and %appine&&! Media i& al&" n"t be%ind in reli-i"u& &p%ere! It pre&ent& aut%enti# in,"r'ati"n t%r"u-% #"'petent &#%"lar&! It &ee3& an&0er ", publi#B& que&ti"n& 0%i#% re'ain un%eard and une@plained! It al&" %i-%li-%t& reli-i"u& e)ent& li3e M"%ara'A EidA Mira< and t%e H"ly Ra'adan! M"re")erA &e#tarian di&%ar'"ny i& 'ini'i1ed by puttin- ,"r0ard t%e )ie0& ", #"'petent &#%"lar& and enli-%tened Cle'a&! N"0A letB& &#rutini1e t%e ne-ati)e e,,e#t& ", 'edia! E Hla#3'ailin- by t%e 'edia per&"n& t" -et per&"nal -ain&! E Sen&ati"nali&' ", ne0& t" -et #%eap p"pularity! E T" &%"0 "ne a& e)il and "t%er a& liberat"r #"ntinu"u&ly repeatin- t%e #"''ent& and )i&ual&! E Gul-arity due t" in,l"0 ", ,"rei-n #ulture! T%e En-li&% and Indian #%annel& are a,,e#tint%e '"ral ", t%e y"ut%! E Ti'e 0a&ta-e due t" #"n&tant 0at#%in- t%e dra'a&!

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E Si'pli#ity i& di'ini&%in- due t" '"re 'ateriali&'! E (enerati"n -ap i& in#rea&in-! E $ea3enin- reli-i"u& i'pre&&i"n due t" ,"rei-n #ulture! In Pa3i&tanA t%e re&p"n&ibility ", 'edia i& 'u#% '"re t%an any "t%er 'edia in t%e 0"rld! Pa3i&tan need& a bi- #%an-e and a& n"0 'edia i& t%e "nly p"0er,ul &"ur#e t" brin- t%i& #%an-e! Pa3i&tani 'edia 'u&t under&tand t%at it pre&ent& a #"untry 0%i#% i& ", a %i-% i'p"rtan#e n"t "nly ,"r I&la'i# $"rld but al&" ,"r t%e pea#e in t%e 0%"le 0"rld! It depi#t& t%e #ulture ", Pa3i&tan! It 'u&t pre&ent t%e true pi#ture ", I&la' be,"re t%e 0"rld! In Pa3i&tanA '"&t ", t%e #%annel& ", 'edia are %i-%ly p"liti#i1ed! S"'e ", t%e' are %i-%ly I&la'i# and "t%er& are ", %i-%ly ultra:'"d! T%i& &%"0& t%e e@i&ten#e ", t0" t"tally di,,erent type& ", 'edia in Pa3i&tan 0%i#% i& #reatin- a #ultural -ap T%i& -ap %a& di)ided t%e &"#iety int" t0" ,ra-'ent& "ne 0it% ,unda'ental t%"u-%t and "t%er& ", &e#ular di&pen&in-! /"r a pea#e,ul and %ealt%y en)ir"n'entA 'edia 'u&t &%un &u#% di,,eren#e& and pre&er)e real #ulture ", Pa3i&tan! Media in Pa3i&tanA t%"u-% ,reeA %a& 'any #%allen-e& t" ,a#e! It %a& 'any %urdle& in it& 0ay! S"'e ", t%e #%allen-e& t%at "ur 'edia i& ,a#in- are E In )i"len#e &tri#3en area& li3e /ATA and Halu#%i&tanA t%e <"urnali&t& are terribly )ulnerable ,"r e@a'ple in 200>A 12 <"urnali&t& 0ere 3illed and 7 in 200?! It %a& #urbed t%e ,ree ,l"0 ", in,"r'ati"n! E Pa3i&tan i& ,a#in- a #"n,li#t bet0een #"n&er)ati)e and &e#ular appr"a#%e&! T%ere,"reA 'edia i& #auti"u& in debatin- "n &u#% &en&iti)e i&&ue&! E T%e -")ern'ent indire#tly re&tri#t& 'edia by 0it%%"ldin- ad)erti&e'ent! E PEMRA ,requently t%reaten& t" #an#el t%e li#en&e! Ot%er a-en#ie& ", t%e -")ern'ent al&" pre&&uri1e t%e 'edia! E M"n"p"ly ", 'edia by bi- -r"up& i& t%0artin- t%e e@pan&i"n ", &'aller #%annel&! Pa3i&tan %a& ne)er been an ea&y pla#e ,"r 'edia t" li)e in! E)ery ruler 0%et%er it i& 'ilitary "r #i)ilian %a& al0ay& #urbed t%e 'edia! It i& be#au&e t%ey 0ant t" pr"'"te and pr"te#t t%eir )e&ted intere&t&! And it i& "nly p"&&ible in t%e ab&en#e ", ,ree 'edia! PEMRA Ordinan#e pr"'ul-ated by Mu&%arra, -")ern'ent in 2008 i& "ne ", e@a'ple& ", &u#% re&tri#ti"n& "n 'edia! M"re")erA t%e #au&e& ", #"ntr"lled 'edia are a& under

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E In Pa3i&tanA n"t "nly t%e di#tat"r& but al&" t%e #i)ilian t""3 un#"n&tituti"nal &tep& and #")ered t%eir "0n #"rrupti"n al"n- 0it% t%eir a&&"#iate&! Internal #"rrupti"n ", <udi#iary all 0a& "nly p"&&ible 0it% a #urbed 'edia! E Media %a& been t%e ,ear ", e)ery di#tat"r a,ter ta3in- ")er t%e -")ern'ent! E T%e illiterate 'a&&e& are e@ertin- 1er" &u' pre&&ure "n p"li#y 'a3er&! E I, a party "r in&tituti"n in)e&t& in t%e 'ediaA it 0ant& t" &ee it& "0n )e&ted intere&t& t" be re,le#ted! T%e )ie0& pr"<e#ted by t%e 'edia are n"t ne#e&&arily ", t%e publi# "r ", t%e e'pl"yer&! Rat%erA t%e )ie0& ", t%e in)e&t"r& are re,le#ted! E ."rp"rate bar"n& 0%" %a)e a lar-e #%un3 ", t%e Pa3i&tani 'edia "bey t%e ",,i#ial "rder& t" -et '"netary bene,it&! E ;"urnali&t& %a)e been inti'idated and %u'iliated by t%e "##upant& ", p"0er! E)ery"ne 0ant& t%e <"urnali&t& t" "bey t%eir "rder&! (")ern'ent 'u&t reali1e t%e i'p"rtan#e ", 'edia in t%i& '"dern a-e! S%e &%"uld en&ure t%e ,reed"' ", 'edia! Arti#le 1?t% ", t%e #"n&tituti"n ", Pa3i&tanA 1?8+A -uarantee& t%e ,reed"' ", &pee#%A e@pre&&i"n and t%e pre&&! (")ern'ent 'u&t u&e 'edia a& a &"ur#e t" pr"'"te -""d -")ernan#e! Here are &"'e &u--e&ti"n& t" be ,"ll"0ed E 9et t%e 'edia intr"du#e an internal and e@ternal #%e#3& and balan#e&! E A##"untability ", 'edia be en&ured! E T%e ai' ", 'edia a#ti)i&' &%"uld be t" &tren-t%en t%e 0ea3 and )ulnerable &e-'ent ", &"#iety! E Media 'u&t %elp &tabili1in- t%e nati"nal in&tituti"n and &"#i":e#"n"'i#A p"liti#al and ad'ini&trati)e &tru#ture by p"intin- "ut dra0ba#3& and appre#iatin- t%e -""d 0"r3& d"ne by -")ern'ent! E T%ere i& a #ultural in)a&i"n ,r"' t%e $e&t and Indian TG #%annel& and #able TG net0"r3&! Our )alue& are bein- atta#3ed and are in dan-er! Media 'u&t build "ur #"n,iden#e and ,ait% in "ur )alue&! E $e a& )ie0er& 'u&t 'end "ur&el)e&A &" t%at 0e 'ay n"t be #arried a0ay 0it% t%e 'edia %ype! E Media 'u&t %elp &u&tain #"n,iden#e in "ur nati"nal in&tituti"n& &u#% a& parlia'entA ar'ed ,"r#e and "r &"#ial &tru#ture! E T%e ,eelin-& ", de&p"nden#yA ,ru&trati"n and de)iant be%a)i"r need t" be neutrali1ed! Only an e,,e#ti)e 'edia #an d" t%i&!

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E T%e &udden b""' in t%e 'edia %a& led t" &er)e &%"rta-e ", trained 'anp"0erA &" pe"ple 'u&t be app"inted t" t%e p"&iti"n& 0it% '"re <"urnali&ti# e@perien#e t%an t%ey really %a)e! E T%e print and br"ad#a&t 'edia 'u&t 'a3e e)ery e,,"rt t" en&ure t%at t%eir #")era-e i& ,a#tualA balan#ed and in,"r'ed! 9i)e pi#ture& 'u&t be re&p"n&ibly br"ad#a&t! Conc!usion: Media #an %elp &tabili1e and &tren-t%en t%e #"untry by playin- edu#ati"nal and in,"r'ati)e r"le! It #an i'part 3n"0led-e t" t%e 'a&&e& a& 3n"0led-e i& p"0er and "nly a 0ell:in,"r'ed &"#iety #an de)el"p a p"&iti)e appr"a#% t"0ard& li,e! T%e "b<e#ti)e ", 'edia ,reed"' #an be reali1ed "nly 0%en publi# tru&t and #"n,iden#e rep"&ed in t%e 'edia i& re&pe#ted and pr"te#ted! Media it&el, #an a#t a& a true 0at#%d"- and 3eep an eye "n t%e -")ern'ent "n t%e be%al, ", t%e publi#! Media i& ,"urt% pillarA 0at#% d"-A a-ent ", &"#ial #%an-eA in,luen#erA edu#at"rA in,"r'erA entertainerA -uardian ", de'"#ra#y and 'any '"re! T%e&e title& #learly de,ine t%e r"le ", 'edia in &"#iety! A )ibrant 'edia i& need ", -l"bali&ed &"#iety! Media be#"'e #ru#ial li3e ,""d and #l"t%inli3e0i&e it i& playin- 'any inte-ral r"le& in &"#iety! H"t% print and ele#tr"ni# 'edia pr")ide& i'p"rtant ,un#ti"n& ", in,luen#in- publi# "pini"nA in,"r'in- 0it% re#ent de)el"p'ent& "n all i&&ue&A &ur)eillan#eA deter'inin- t%e p"liti#al a-endaA #riti#i&'A a0arene&&A and &"#ial N '"ral de)el"p'ent ", &"#iety! T%"u-% 'edia per,"r'& #ru#ial ,un#ti"n& in a &"#ietyA but &"'eti'e& it& r"le pr")ed ne-ati)e 0%i#% 'u&t be pra#ti#ally re&tri#ted! It 0"uld n"t be 0r"n- t" &ay t%at 'edia i& playin- )ital r"le t" 3eep t%e &"#iety balan#e!

'nited (ations: Its $opes and $urd!es Outline& 1! Intr"du#ti"n 2!H"pe&

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i!(eneral A&&e'bly A Parlia'ent ", $"rld& S")erei-n State&! ii! Maintenan#e ", pea#e in #"n,li#t ridden area&! iii! Pr"te#ti)e En)ir"n'ental I&&ue& i)! Pre)ent ,r"' Nu#lear Pr"li,erati"n and Nu#lear 5i&ar'a'ent )!E#"n"'i# A&&i&tan#e +! Operati"nal Hurdle& i! Se#urity ."un#il ii!Get" P"0er State& iii!S. A#t& 9i3e Hi#a'eral H"u&e4&enate6 0it% )e&ted P"0er& 4!Su--e&ti)e Mea&ure& i! E'p"0er'ent ", (eneral A&&e'bly ii!Eli'inati"n ", )et" Statu& 2! ."n#lu&i"n

The '() $as *ai!ed to Measure up to the emands of its Charter E)en little 0ar& are dan-er"u& in a nu#lear 0"rld! T%e l"n- lab"r ", pea#e i& an underta3in- ,"r e)ery nati"n : and in t%i& e,,"rt n"ne ", u& #an re'ain unali-ned! T" t%i& -"al n"ne #an be un#"''itted O ;"%n /! =ennedy Outline& Fu"tati"n Intr"du#ti"n .%arter Prea'ble Ai' and purp"&e ", #%arter Ma<"r i&&ue& re'ain unre&"l)ed P""r &tate& i-n"red R""t .au&e Pre)enti"n E,,"rt& ."n#lu&i"n

Introduction: T%e pi#ture ", t%e Cnited Nati"n& in 'eetin- t%e de'and& ", it& #%arter i& blea3 a& t%e CNO %a& 'i&erably ,ailed t" 'eet it& #%arter de'and&! T%e 0"rld b"dy i& deeply

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under t%e in,luen#e ", t%e Cnited State&A t%e #%ie, ,inan#ial d"n"r t" t%e Cnited Nati"n&! T%e CNB& ,inan#ial dependen#e "n 'a<"r p"0er& %a& #"ntributed lar-ely in t%e 0"rld b"dyB& ,ailure t" a#t in a neutral and unbia&ed 'anner! A de#ade "r &" ba#3A it 0a& ;apanA C=A /ran#e and (er'any 0%i#% %elped &ub&tantially al"n- 0it% t%e CS t" b"l&ter t%e ,i&#al 3itty ", t%e CN but &l"0ly all t%e&e &tate& dri,ted a0ay lea)in- t%e CS t" re'ain al'"&t t%e &"le p"0er t" 'eet t%e ,inan#e& ", t%e 0"rld b"dy! Su#% a &ituati"n i& un,"rtunate a& t%e Cnited State& i& d"'inatin- t%e 0"rld b"dy t"day! CN %a& n"t ,ul,illed it& due r"le it 0a& #reated ,"r! Analyti#allyA it i& ,ailed t" en&ure pea#e and &e#urity in t%e 0"rld t%"u-% 'u#% &u##e&&,ul re-ardin- &"l)in- &"#ial pr"ble'& ", t%e 'a&&e&! .riti#allyA CN %a& t"tally ,ailed 0%ere)er and 0%ene)er are "r 0ere t%e ."n#ern& ", Mu&li' 0"rld and 'ar-inally &u##e&&,ul 0%en are "r 0ere t%e 0e&tern and A'eri#an intere&t&! T%i& i& %i-% ti'e ,"r CN t" re&tru#ture it&el, and re,"r' Se#urity ."un#il re&t"rin- t%e #"n,iden#e ", Mu&li' 0"rld and "t%er a--rie)ed &tate& a& 0ell a& be i'partial and <udi#i"u& a)"idin- dubi"u& r"le!

S+STEM )* E 'C%TI)( 1! Intr"du#ti"n Thesis statements:

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1!

9a#3 ", edu#ati"n lie& t%e ba&e ", all "ur &"#ialA p"liti#al and e#"n"'i#

pr"ble'& yet it i& "ne area t%at %a& #"n&tantly been ne-le#ted by t%"&e in p"0er and t%e ri-%t ", edu#ati"n %a& been denied t" t%e 'a&&e& -enerati"n a,ter -enerati"n t%u& #reatin- &"#ial di&paritie& and #rippled e#"n"'y! 2! Edu#ati"nal &y&te' t%r"u-%"ut t%e %i&t"ry ", Pa3i&tan %a& been re'ained at it& l"0e&t ebb and lea&t pri"rity due t" 'ultiple ,a#t"r&! T%i& i& need ", t%e ti'e t" 'a3e Pa3i&tan 0ell )er&ed in te#%ni#alA &#ienti,i# and -eneral edu#ati"n "n 0ar ba&i& ,"r &")erei-n and perpetual ,""tin-&! 2! 9e)el& ", Edu#ati"n AA pri'ary le)el ", edu#ati"n H! Middle le)el ", edu#ati"n .! Se#"ndary le)el ", edu#ati"n 5! pr",e&&i"nal le)el ", edu#ati"n E! %i-%er edu#ati"n +! Se#t"r& ", Edu#ati"n One para-rap% de&#ribin- Pri)ateA Publi#A (")ern'ent and Madre&&a% '"de ", edu#ati"n 4! Strea'& ", Edu#ati"n A ."'pari&"n a'"n- 0e&tern '"de ", edu#ati"n 0it% -")ern'ent run &#%""l& and reli-i"u& &e'inarie&! 2! 9""p %"le& in t%e Edu#ati"n &y&te' A!r"t and "ut: dated Syllabu& b! P""r quality and 'et%"d& ", tea#%in#! Ab&en#e ", 0ell trained tea#%er& d! 9a#3 ", ,"#u& "n Te#%ni#al edu#ati"n e! Ne-li-ible )i&i"n ,"r A-ri#ultural Edu#ati"n ,! P""r in,ra&tru#ture and ,a#ilitie& in t%e Edu#ati"nal in&tituti"n& -! Tea#%er ab&enteei&' and pre)alen#e ", -%"&t &#%""l& %! Ma&& brain drain due t" lar-e &#ale Cne'pl"y'ent i! Ab&en#e ", #ulture ", Re&ear#% and 5e)el"p'ent <! I'pr"per ,und& and S#%"lar&%ip& t" utili1e t%e talent 7! Re'edial 'ea&ure& t" plu- t%e l""p %"le& in t%e Edu#ati"n Sy&te' a! ."'pre%en&i)e litera#y and p")erty redu#ti"n Pr"-ra'

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b! E@pan&i"n ", pri'ary ele'entary edu#ati"n #! Intr"du#ti"n ", te#%ni#al &trea' at t%e Se#"ndary le)el d! I'pr")in- t%e quality ", Edu#ati"n t%r"u-% tea#%er trainine! Hi-%er edu#ati"n &e#t"r re,"r'& ,! Publi#:Pri)ate Partner&%ip -! Inn")ati)e Pr"-ra'& %! Se#"ndary edu#ati"n #"''i&&i"n i! Cni,"r' M"dern Syllabu& 8! ."n#lu&i"n

Education in Pakistan
1! Intr"du#ti"n 1! A0arene&& in publi# 2! N" better utili1ati"n ", Edu#ati"n 4une'pl"y'ent6 +! P")erty and edu#ati"n 4! 5i,,erent #"n#ept& ", edu#ati"n pre)ailin- in pe"ple 2! 5i,,erent &y&te' ", edu#ati"n En-li&% A A le)elA O le)el CrduA publi# &#%""l& Arabi#A Madra&&a%

7! 5i,,eren#e le)el I ,"r di,,erent &e#ti"n ", p"pulati"n I and %en#e di,,erent utility 8! Hi-%e&t "pp"rtunitie& ,"r ad)an#e'ent 4in #"'petiti"n6 ,"r En-li&% &#%""l &tudent&! >! Crdu:'"&tly l"0 &#ale <"b& 4.anBt -et t%eir #%ildren edu#ated ,r"' %i-%e&t in&tituti"n& e&pe#ially En-li&% 'ediu':%en#e a #y#le #"ntinue&! ?! P""r and 'iddle #la&& #%ildren 4l"0er &tature6 10! Fuality ", edu#ati"n in Crdu 'ediu' Nu'ber ", &#%""l& Nu'ber ", tea#%er& Syllabu& E@a'inati"n Fuality ", tea#%er& M"&tly #%ildren %a)e t" 0"r3 a,ter &#%""l&!

32

9"0 #apa#ity t" #"'pete N" '"dern te#%n"l"-y ", tea#%inTea#%er& ir"n r"d S#%""l& a0ay I#%ildren in %eat "r #"ld ,all &i#3! Hi-% rate ", dr"p "ut Had #"'pany I &pend '"&t ", ti'e "ut&ide t%e %"'e! Pe"ple d"nBt &end t%eir #%ildren t" &#%""l&D pre,er t" %a)e t%e' en-a-ed in 0"r3 ,"r &"'e earnin- ,"r t%eir lar-e ,a'ilie&! /eeA b""3&A uni,"r' &%"e& et#! N" &uper)i&i"n at %"'e ,"r &#%""l 0"r3! P""r %ealt% ", t%e &tudent& %en#e &tudy i& a,,e#ted!

11! Madra&&a%B& Ha&i#ally trained in reli-i"u& &tudie& A#%r"ni&ti# &yllabu& N" &#ienti,i# 3n"0led-e N" 3n"0led-e ", En-li&% lan-ua-e P""r "r n" u&e and a0arene&& ", '"dern te#%n"l"-y ;u&t trained ,"r Na'a1A Ni33a% "r ;anna1a 5ependent up"n t%e &"ur#e ", ,undinHi<a#3ed by di,,erent d"nat"r&A &p"n&"rin- 'a#%ine& ", t%eir ide"l"-y My"pi# )ie0& ", li,e and 0"rld N" inte-rati"n ", &tudent& in n"r'al edu#ati"nal &y&te' ", t%e #"untry T%e p""re&t pe"ple in t%e Madare&&a%! ;i%adi #ulture ", Madre&&a%& Se#tariani&' in Madra&&a%

12! En-li&% 'ediu' in&titute& N"t a,,"rdable ,"r #"''"n pe"ple /"r upper #la&&e& M"dern &yllabu& 5i,,erent te#%nique& ,"r tea#%in- t%e &tudent&

33

.reate #"'petiti"n a'"n- t%e &tudent& En-li&% 'ediu' #ulture Mu&%r""' ", En-li&% 'ediu' &#%""l& ,r"' la&t t0" de#ade& I&&ue ", &pa#e .%ar-e %i-% ,ee

1+! I&&ue& ", Syllabi N"t tuned 0it% ti'e A##"rdin- t" t%e le)el ", &tudent& H"0 i& it de&i-n T%e 'et%"dA pr"#edure and ti'e peri"d t" re)i&e t%e &yllabu& Me'ber& ", b"ard 0%" re)i&e &yllabu& 1! Edu#ati"ni&t 2! A#ade'i#ian& 14! PMediu' ", In&tru#ti"n a6 M"t%er t"n-ue b6 Crdu #Q6 En-li&% $%i#% i& be&t* T" 0%i#% le)el t%e tea#%in- in '"t%er t"n-ue i& better and 0%ere 0e &%"uld turn t"0ard& urdu "r En-li&%* ."'pari&"n 0it% "t%er #"untrie& Seri"u& &tudy and debate require

12! I&&ue& ", e@a'inati"n and e)aluati"n $%at &%"uld be t%e 0ay& ", e)aluati"n Annual &y&te' Se'e&ter &y&te' Ob<e#ti)e "r &ub<e#ti)e que&ti"n& QOr 'i@ ", b"t% I, 'i@ture 0%at &%"uld be t%e per#enta-e ", "b<e#ti)e and &ub<e#ti)e que&ti"n& T%e &y&te' ", #%e#3in- t%e paper&

34

."'puteri1ed #%e#3inE@a'iner& a6 Arbitrary b6 Spe#ial -uideline and trainin- ,"r #%e#3in-

17! I&&ue& ", &#ien#e &ub<e#t& Fuantity and quality ", tea#%er& Fuantity and quality ", lab& A)ailability ", ,und A)ailability ", equip'ent& and #%e'i#al& A)ailability ", ele#tri#ity .ulture ", e@peri'entati"n Traditi"nal #"n#ept ", pe"ple ab"ut &#ien#e

18! I&&ue& ", #"lle-e edu#ati"n Nu'ber ", #"lle-e& a& per p"pulati"n Nu'ber ", le#turer& a& per &tudent& .%"i#e ", bri-%t &tudent& a6 Pre:'edi#al b6 Pre:en-ineerin a6 9iterary b6 .ultural #6 Sp"rt& I&&ue& ", %"&tel ,"r ruler &tudent& I&&ue& ", ,ee S"#ial &#ien#e& &e#"nd -rade di&#ipline Stri3e& Or-ani1ati"n& Healt%y a#ti)itie&

1>! I&&ue& ", uni)er&ity edu#ati"n Syllabu& Re&ear#% /undin-

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Sta,, P"liti#& in uni)er&ity P"liti#al and reli-i"u& "r-ani1ati"n& Ma&%r""' ", uni)er&itie& but quality*

1?! I&&ue& ", Re&ear#% T"pi#& ,"r re&ear#% Re&ear#% #ulture Super)i&"r /undinRe&"ur#e& ,"r re&ear#% 9ab"rat"rie& T%e&i& Pira#ie& Re&ear#% and lin3a-e 0it% indu&try M"dern re&ear#% te#%nique& HE. /"rei-n and indi-en"u& &#%"lar&%ip pr"-ra''e I and apprai&al!

20! I&&ue& ", edu#ati"n ", 0"'en Nu'ber ", in&titute& ,"r 0"'en E#"n"'i# barrier& .ultural barrier& In&e#urity He%a)i"r ", parent& e&pe#ially in ruler area& $"'enB& pre,erred pr",e&&i"n& a6 Edu#ati"n b6 Medi#al I&&ue& ", #"edu#ati"n End ", &#"pe ", edu#ati"n a,ter 'arria-e 9"&& ", (")t in)e&t'ent 5i,,erent I&la'i# -r"up& and edu#ati"n ", 0"'en in Pa3i&tan

21! P"li#ie& ", (")ern'ent

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 22! I&&ue& ", tea#%er& 9"0 &alary P""r ,a#ilitie&

/und all"#ati"n Edu#ati"nal p"li#ie& E&tabli&%'ent ", ne0 uni)er&itie& and re&ear#% in&titute& Par%a:9i3%a Pun<ab Pun<ab edu#ati"nal ,"undati"n Tea#%er& "n #"ntra#t /ree b""3& Stipend& ,"r -irl& Re,re&%'ent 'il3 and bi&#uit& Spe#ial attenti"n t"0ard& -irl& edu#ati"n Publi# pri)ate partner&%ip 5i,,erent '"nit"rin- &y&te' Intr"du#ti"n ", tenure tra#3 &y&te'

a6 A##"''"dati"n tran&p"rt N" #arrier &e#urity P"liti#al inter,eren#e in tran&,er p"&tin9"0 pr"'"ti"n& Ab&enteei&' R"u-% be%a)i"r ", tea#%er 0it% &tudent& P""r 3n"0led-e ", &ub<e#t& N" pr"per e)aluati"n ", &tudent& Traditi"nal 'et%"d& ", tea#%inN" re,re&%er& #"ur&e& durin- t%e &er)i#e

2+! $%y d" a& a nati"n 0e n"t -i)e %i-%e&t )alue t" edu#ati"n 24! $%en a reli-i"n &tre&&e& "n need ", edu#ati"nA 0%y d" 0e &%un ,r"' edu#ati"n 22! $%" are re&p"n&ible ,"r &"rr"0 &tate ", edu#ati"n* a6 Edu#ati"ni&t b6 In&tituti"n&

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#6 Ad'ini&trat"r& d6 P"liti#ian& 27! $%y p""r ,undin- ,"r edu#ati"n* 28! Side by &ide 0it% &#ienti,i# and &"#ial &#ien#e&: i& t%ere n" need ,"r te#%ni#al edu#ati"n $%y lea&t attenti"n t"0ard& Te#%ni#al and G"#ati"nal edu#ati"n

2>! $it%"ut Edu#ati"n #an 0e pr"-re&& a6 E#"n"'i#ally b6 S"#ially #6 P"liti#ally d6 Reli-i"u&ly 2?! $%ere d" 0e &tand edu#ati"nally 0it% re&pe#t t" t%e re&t ", t%e 0"rld* +0! T%e 0ay& t" pr"'"te edu#ati"n in Pa3i&tan +1! Ne0 #%allen-e& and edu#ati"n a6 Terr"ri&' b6 P"liti#al #%a"& #6 Se#tariani&' d6 (l"bal 0ar'ine6 /a#ti"nali&' +2! /uture ", edu#ati"n in Pa3i&tan ++! ."n#lu&i"n

38

Women Empo,erment-Ine.ua!ity
Outline 1! Intr"du#ti"n 2! $%at d" 0e 'ean by $"'en E'p"0er'ent* +! $%at d" 0e 'ean by inequality* 4! i'p"rtan#e ", $"'en E'p"0er'ent 2! Hi&t"ri#al ba#3-r"und ab"ut $"'an E'p"0er'ent in t%e 0"rld S"ut% A&ia Arab 0"rld 5e)el"ped 0"rld

Statu& ", $"'en E'p"0er'ent in Pa3i&tan 7! $"'an and CN 8! ("d and S"#ial Strati,i#ati"n >! I& $"'an E'p"0er'ent <u&t a r"ar "r real* ?! Ri-%t& ", 0"'en Spiritual ri-%t& E#"n"'i#al ri-%t&

39

S"#ial ri-%t& P"liti#al ri-%t& Edu#ati"nal ri-%t& .ultural ri-%t&

10! M"de& ", Gi"lati"n ", 0"'en Ri-%t& in t%e 5e)el"pin- $"rld /e'ale -enital 'utilati"n H"n"r 3illin=ar" 3ari /"r#ed pr"&tituti"n /"r#ed 'arria-e& /"r#ed ab"rti"n Hara&&'ent by KM"rality Squad&L In,anti#ide Rape Healt% i&&ue& Gerbal abu&e A#id t%r"0inP"liti#al 3illin-&M i'pri&"n'ent 5"0ry i&&ue& Puni&%'ent "n -i)in- birt% t" dau-%ter 9")e e@pl"itati"n&

40

Tra,,i#3inGi#ti'& ", -ender di&#ri'inati"n in &"#iety 9"0 i'p"rtan#e "n 0"'en edu#ati"n

11! H"0 t" eradi#ate t%i& 'ena#e I! II! III! IG! G! GI! GII! GIII! IR! /"ll"0in- ", CN .%arter Hu'an ri-%t& "r-ani1ati"n& due r"le Edu#ati"n and a0arene&& pr"-ra'& Healt% re,"r'& ,"r 0"'en Ta#3in- t%e &"#i":e#"n"'i# pr"ble'& ", 0"'en M"ral &upp"rt R"le ", 'edia R"le ", #i)il &"#iety S"l)in- t%e i&&ue& ", une'pl"y'entA p")erty 12! ."n#lu&i"n

KT%e ,ir&t 0"'an 0a& #reated ,r"' t%e rib ", a 'an! S%e 0a& n"t 'ade ,"r' %i& %ead t" t"p %i'A n"r ,r"' %i& ,eet t" be tra'pled "n by %i' but "ut ", %i& &ide t" be equal t" %i'!L 4Men and $"'en Fu"te&6 JHein- a 0"'an i& terribly di,,i#ult ta&3 &in#e it #"n&i&t& prin#ipally in dealin- 0it% 'en!L 4;"&ep% ."nrad6 KGi"len#e a-ain&t 0"'en i& t%e 'ani,e&tati"n ", %i&t"ri#ally unequal p"0er relati"n bet0een 'en and 0"'enA 0%i#% %a)e led t" d"'inati"n ")er and di&#ri'inati"n a-ain&t 0"'en by 'en and t" pre)enti"n ", ,ull ad)an#e'ent ", 0"'en!L 4CN de#larati"n 1??+6

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KA 'an 0illin- t" 0"r3A and unable t" ,ind 0"r3A i& per%ap& t%e &adde&t &i-%t t%at ,"rtuneS& inequality e@%ibit& under t%i& &un!L 4T%"'a& .arlyle6 KI d" n"t t%in3 I e)er "pened a b""3 in 'y li,e 0%i#% %ad n"t &"'et%in- t" &ay up"n 0"'anS& in#"n&tan#y! S"n-& and pr")erb&A all tal3 ", 0"'anS& ,i#3lene&&! Hut per%ap& y"u 0ill &ayA t%e&e 0ere all 0ritten by 'en!T TPer%ap& I &%all! Ye&A ye&A i, y"u plea&eA n" re,eren#e t" e@a'ple& in b""3&! Men %a)e %ad e)ery ad)anta-e ", u& in tellin- t%eir "0n &t"ry! Edu#ati"n %a& been t%eir& in &" 'u#% %i-%er a de-reeD t%e pen %a& been in t%eir %and&! I 0ill n"t all"0 b""3& t" pr")e anyt%in-!L 4 ;ane Au&tenA Per&ua&i"n6

Introduction T%e ba&i# 'e&&a-e ", e)ery di)ine 'e&&a-e i& al0ay& t%ere t" 'a3e a 'an 'an! All are equal in t%e di)ine &i-%t! Hut 0e 'enA %a)in- belie,& in t%e #"''and& ", di)inityA d" n"t 'ateriali1e t%e'! T%e&e di,,eren#e& %a)e 'ade "ur -reen 0"rld a bl""dy &"'e! $"'en E'p"0er'ent ar"und t%e 0"rld i& an i'p"rtant indi#at"r t" under&tand t%e -l"bal 0ell:bein-! 5e&pite tre'end"u& #%an-e& ", t%e 20t% #enturyA di&#ri'inati"n and )i"len#e a-ain&t 0"'en re'ain& ,ully r""ted in #ulture& ar"und t%e 0"rld! T%e '"&t 0idely #ited rea&"n ,"r -ender inequality i& t%e de)el"pin- #"untrie& relate& t" t%e &"#ial #u&t"'&A )alue&A traditi"n& and belie,&! S"#ial e@#lu&i"nA %"n"r 3illin-A %ara&&'ent in ",,i#e&A ,eudal e@pl"itati"nA ,e'ale -enital 'ultinati"nA re&tri#ted '"bility and early 'arria-e& are t%e i&&ue& t%at deny t%e ,unda'ental ri-%t& ", 0"'an! Alt%"u-% it i& a -l"bal i&&ue but it i& '"re pre)alent in t%e de)el"pin- #"untrie& 0%ere inequalitie& in#lude b"t% di&#ri'inati"n and un:e'p"0er'ent ", 0"'en!

T%e que&ti"n "n %"0 -ender inequality &%ape& pe"ple& li,e i& "n "ne t%at %a& been e#%"in- 0idely t%r"u-% 'ind& ", '"dern &"#iety in re#ent de#ade&! T%e bi"l"-i#al di,,eren#e bet0een 'en and 0"'en #"n&titute a& "ne ", t%e 'ain rea&"n t%i& inequality! T%e 'ale& 0ere al0ay& branded t%e bread0inner& ", t%e ,a'ilyA 0%il&t a ,e'aleB& pla#e 0a& re'ained at %"'e! T%r"u-%"ut t%e %i&t"ryA $"'en 3eep ", ,i-%tin- ,"r t%eir equal ri-%t&A "pp"rtunitie&A pla#e and treat'ent! Alt%"u-% 0"'enB& in,eri"r &tatu& t" 'en e@i&t

42

in al'"&t all de)el"pin- #"untrie& li3e IndiaA .%inaA Pa3i&tanA Han-lade&%A A,-%ani&tanA IranA IraqA Saudi ArabiaA NepalA Hur'a and al&" in #entral A&ian &tate& but t%e rea&"n&A inten&ityA &%ape and 'ani,e&tati"n di,,er &eein- t%e #ir#u'&tan#e& quite &ub&tantially a& 0e '")e ,r"' "ne &"#i":e#"n"'i# #la&& and re-i"n t" an"t%er! T%e inability ", 0"'en t" 'a3e t%eir "0n li,e #%"i#e& t%at i& t%e r""t ", 'any in<u&ti#e& t%ey &u,,er! T%e a,,li#ted 0"rld in 0%i#% 0e li)e i& #%ara#teri1ed by deeply unequal &%arin- ", t%e burden ", ad)er&itie& bet0een 0"'en and 'en! In an#ient ti'e& and e)en n"0 at &"'e pla#e& 0"'en are 3n"0n a& t%e r""t #au&e ", all e)il&! T"p ", t%e li&t are t%e &"#i": e#"n"'i# #"n&traint& t%at #"'pel& a 0"'an t" e)en &ell %er&el, 3n"0in- it 0ill ne)er re#")er a-ain! What do ,e mean /y Women #ights& KUMVenA t%"u-% t%ey 3n"0 ,ull 0ell %"0 'u#% 0"'en are 0"rt% and %"0 -reat t%e bene,it& 0e brin- t%e'A n"net%ele&& &ee3 t" de&tr"y u& "ut ", en)y ,"r "ur 'erit&! ItS& <u&t li3e t%e #r"0A 0%en it pr"du#e& 0%ite ne&tlin-& it i& &" &tri#3en by en)yA 3n"0in%"0 bla#3 it i& it&el,A t%at it 3ill& it& "0n ",,&prin- "ut ", pique!L 4 M"derata /"nteA T%e $"rt% ", $"'en $%erein I& .learly Re)ealed T%eir N"bility and T%eir Superi"rity t" Men6 A##"rdin- t" O@,"rd di#ti"naryA K$"'enB& Ri-%t& are t%e ri-%t& t%at pr"'"te a p"&iti"n ", &"#ial and le-al equalityA ", 0"'en t" 'enL! KT%ey are t%e ri-%t&A #lai'ed ,"r t%e 0"'enA equal t" t%"&e ", 'enA a& re-ard& t" &u,,ra-e and ri-%t t" )"teA a& re-ard& t" pr"pertyA et#!L T%e &tart ", 'an3ind 0a& ,r"' Ada' and E)e 4May pea#e be up"n t%e'6! E)e i& t%e ,ir&t 0"'an and '"t%er ", t%e %u'an ra#eD ("d #reated E)e ,r"' Ada'S& rib and pla#ed Ada' and E)e in t%e (arden ", Eden! $"'en %a)e been -i)en t%e equal &tatu& ,r"' t%e day &tart! Hut 0"'en in t%e de)el"pin- #"untrie& %a)e been &u,,erin- ,r"' 'any i&&ue& and pr"ble' in t%e pa&tA t%"u-% t%i& &ti#3y &ituati"n in t%e &"#iety %a& n"t been ,ully r""ted "utA but al'"&t 'elt d"0n! $"'en are &till yearnin- t" -et t%eir equal ri-%t& in t%e &"#iety in al'"&t all t%e de)el"ped #"untie&! $"'en %ad t" -" t%r"u-% 'any a#%e& ,r"' t%e day ", t%e birt% till t%ey die! In T%ird 0"rld #"untrie& pe"ple %ad been )ery 'u#% #"n&er)ati)e and narr"0 'inded t"0ard& -i)in- equal &tatu& t" t%eir 0"'en! H"0e)erA in Mu&li' &"#iety 0"'en re'ained i'pre-nable in #"ntra&t t" "t%er &"#ietie& and reli-i"n&! Hi&t"ry %a& &een 'any #%an-e& and "ne ", t%"&e #%an-e& 0a& t%e re&t"rati"n ", t%e ri-%t& ", t%e 0"'en in t%e &"#iety! Only in t%e la&t %undred year&A 0"'en %a)e been &een ri-%t,ully a& equal& t" 'en! Hi&t"ryA %"0e)erA i& n"t re#entA and

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t%ere are nu'er"u& e@a'ple& t" %"0 t%e ,e'ale -ender 0a& -i)en in,eri"r &tatu& t" 'ale&! Surpri&in-lyA t%e e)"luti"n& ", 0"'enS& ri-%t& 0ere n"t parti#ularly in #%r"n"l"-i#al "rder! In di,,erent ti'e& and di,,erent &"#ietie&A t%e &tatu& ", ,e'ale& ad)an#ed "r retr"-re&&ed dependin- "n a )ariety ", rea&"n&! $"'en %a)e &een &"'e -""d day& 0%ere t%ey ruled and run ")er t%e &tate& li3e Ra1ia SultanaA ;%an&i =i RaaniA 0%" 0ere bra)e and #"ura-e"u& a& 0ell! $"'en %a)e &een ri&e and ,all in t%e 0ar ", -ettin- t%eir ri-%t& and -"t &u##e&& 'a<"rly yet it need& '"re t" be i'pr")ed! He#au&e in re#ent ti'e& 0"'an ", de)el"pin- #"untrie& i& ,a#in- &u#%li3e i&&ue& ,r"' t%e birt%day t" t%e day ", deat%! T%"u-% t"dayB& 0"'an i& n"t li3e t%e an#ient "ne! Hut &till &%e need& '"re a0arene&&A edu#ati"n and '"ral a& 0ell a& real le-al &upp"rt t" &tand up &ide by &ide t" #"ntribute in &u#% a ,e&tinatin- ti'e! T%i& ,a#t &%"uld be a#3n"0led-e t%at ,e'ale& %a)e e@#e&&i)e ability t" ,a#e t%e #riti#al &ituati"n& and #%allen-e& a& t%ey %a)e t%e quality t" re&i&t 0it% -reater patien#e t%en t%at ", 'ale&! What do ,e mean /y Ine.ua!ity& KIn a 0"rld ", in#rea&in- inequalityA t%e le-iti'a#y ", in&tituti"n& t%at -i)e pre#eden#e t" t%e pr"perty ri-%t& ", Tt%e Ha)e&T ")er t%e %u'an ri-%t& ", Tt%e Ha)e N"tB&T i& ine)itably #alled int" &eri"u& que&ti"n!L 45a)id ="rten6 K$%en t%e -ap bet0een t%e ri#% and t%e p""r i& &" %u-e t%at y"u #anBt %elp p"intin- it "ut I t%atB& 0%en y"u ri&3 bein- labeled a per)ert!L 4Hen&"n Hrun"6 T%e di&p"&iti"n t" ad'ireA and al'"&t t" 0"r&%ipA t%e ri#% and t%e p"0er,ulA and t" de&pi&eA "rA at lea&tA t" ne-le#t per&"n& ", p""r and 'ean #"nditi"n i& t%e -reat and '"&t uni)er&al #au&e ", t%e #"rrupti"n ", "ur '"ral &enti'ent&!L Ada' S'it% S#"tti&% p"liti#al e#"n"'i&t 4182+:18?06 Inequality i& ba&i#ally a di,,eren#e bet0een t%e reali1ati"n and pr")i&i"n ", ri-%t&! Ineauality 'ean& &%"rta-eA li'iti1ati"nA di,,eren#e in p"0erA &tatu&A )alueA i'p"rtan#eA &ayA a,,air&A dealin-&A #"n&ultan#yA and &%are and 0"r3 et#! Hi&t"ri#al ba#3-r"und ", 0"'en &tatu& in de)el"pin- #"untrie& KA& ", t"dayA 0e d" n"t need e@pert rep"rt& by t%e aut%"ritati)e analyti#al in&tituti"n& t" reali1e t%at t%e rea&"n& ,"r &u#% a &ituati"n in "ur #"''unity lie in -l"bal inequalityA

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p")erty and illitera#y!L 4Nur&ultan Na1arbaye)6 KOur inequality 'ateriali1e& "ur upper #la&&A )ul-ari1e& "ur 'iddle #la&&A brutali1e& "ur l"0er #la&&!L IMatt%e0 Arn"ld En-li&% e&&ayi&t 41>22:1>>>6 In an#ient ti'e&A be,"re I&la' 0"'en 0ere treated in 0"r&t 'anner&A t%eir ri-%t& 0ere &%atteredA t%ey 0ere n"t -i)en any re&pe#t in t%e &"#ietyA and ,e'ale in,ant& 0ere li)ely buried a& t%ey 0ere #"n&idered a& a &y'b"l ", di&-ra#e in "neB& ,a'ily! T%ey 0ere #"n&idered a& &la)e&A pr"perty "r <u&t aut"er"ti# "b<e#t&! Hut in I&la' 0"'en 0ere -i)en equal ri-%t& in t%e &"#iety! And a0arded '"re re&pe#t t%at in any "t%er reli-i"n "r &"#iety! Mu%a''ad 4PHCH6 put t%e e@a'ple by -i)in- re&pe#t t" %i& "0n dau-%ter Ha1rat /ati'a 4A!S6 by &tandin- up and &tret#%in- %i& "0n #l"a3 ,"r %er %"n"r &i-ni,yint%e %i-% &tatu& ", a dau-%ter! In "t%er #i)ili1ati"n& li3e E-yptian #i)ili1ati"nA 0"'en %ad t%e equal ri-%t& in all ne#e&&ary part& ", li,e! Yet t%ere %ad been &"'e di&#ri'inati"n pre)ailed in all t%e ti'e& ", t%e %i&t"ry t" depri)e t%e 0"'en ,r"' t%eir ri-%t&! T%ey %ad t" abide by 'any re&tri#ti"n& 0%i#% 0ere p%y&i#ally and '"rally a0,ul t" t%e'! A& ti'e pa&&ed and &"#iety '"derni1edA 'any #%an-e& t""3 pla#e 0%i#% br"u-%t &e)eral p"&iti)e '")e& in ,a)"r ", 0"'en ri-%t&! Women is South %sia K.an "ne prea#% at %"'e inequality ", ra#e& and nati"n& and ad)"#ate abr"ad -""d:0ill t"0ard& all 'en*L 45"r"t%y T%"'p&"n6 .ulturally and %i&t"ri#allyA S"ut% A&ia i& re'ained blea3 in ter'& ", 0"'en ri-%t&! In Hindu&tan 0"'an 0a& pre&ented a& t%e r""t #au&e ", all 'i&deed& and 0a& burnt ali)e 0it% t%e deat% ", %er %u&band! In Pa3i&tan and Han-lade&% &%e %a& al0ay& been re'ained t%e )i#ti' ", &":#alled 'ulla%& and tribal leader& a& 0ell a& in )illa-e& &%e i& e@pl"ited in t%e %and& ", ,eudal l"rd&! Sa'e i& t%e #a&e 0it% t%e "t%er #"untrie& ", t%e S"ut% A&ian &tate&! Me'ber #"untrie& ", t%e SAAR. %a)e re'ained at t%eir l"0e&t ebb in e'p"0erin- t%e 0"'an but in t%e #urrent era a ray ", %"pe i& %"pin- t%e %"pe& ", %"pe %"pper&! $"'en in IndiaA Pa3i&tanA Han-lade&%A A,-%ani&tan and Nepal

45

Hein- t%e &i'ilar #ultureA rite&A ritual& and traditi"n& in t%e S"ut% A&ian #"untrie& e&pe#ially t%e India and Pa3i&tanA t%e treat'ent ", 0"'en b"t% at %"u&e%"ld and ",,i#e& i& &i'ilar up t" a -reater e@tent! Sa'e type ", la0& and traditi"n& are ,"und %ere and t%ere! Hindu&tan 0%ere "n#e t%e 0"'an 0a& burnt ali)e 0it% t%e de'i&e ", %er %u&band and #"n&idered t%e &"ur#e ", all e)il& i& &till &tru--lin- ,"r %er ri-%t&! Situati"n ", 0"'an in Pa3i&tan i& al&" n"t %idden! Tribal belt& and )illa-e& ", all t%e pr")in#e& &%"0 t%e %"t and %ard lined treat'ent ", t%e 0"'en in t%e %and& ", e)er d"'inatin- 'en! Hut t%e &ituati"n di,,er& in t%e 'etr"p"litan #itie& 0%ere 0rit and rule ", t%e la0 i& &tr"n- and a0arene&& i& e)ery 0%ere li3e a ,"re&t ,ire! $"'en are ne)er #"n&idered 0"'en in t%e %i&t"ry ", A,-%ani&tan! T%ey are al0ay& re'ained t%ere #"n,ined t" t%e %"u&e 0all&! Han-lade&% bein- t%e ,"r'er part ", Hindu&tanA t%en Pa3i&tan and t%en bein- t%e &eparate entity i& n"t di,,er ,r"' t%e parent #"untrie&! $"'en %a)e &a'e ,ate t%ere! Nepal bein- t%e i''ediate nei-%b"r depi#t& t%e unequal treat'ent& ", 0"'en in %er &"#iety! Woman in %ra/ ,or!d Arab 0"rldA a 0"rld ", #ruel and illiterate pe"pleA 0%" u&ed t" burry t%eir dau-%ter& ali)e be,"re t%e ad)ent ", I&la' are &till d"'inant in ter'& ", 0"'en ri-%t&! Arab #"untrie& ,r"' Ye'en t" E-ypt and Pale&tine t" 9ibya d" n"t di,,er in t%e treat'ent ", 0"'en! In real &en&e t%e 'ind&et ", t%e Arab& i& n"t #%an-ed! It i& al'"&t &a'e a& it 0a& #enturie& a-"! Ha&i#ally it i& t%e 'ind&etA a &et ", belie,& 0%i#% &%"0& t%e pra#ti#e& ", t%e pe"ple! Mind&et ", a per&"n truly depi#t& t%e per&"nality ", t%e 3eeper! Re#ent Arab upri&in- i& "ne ", t%e 'a<"r e@a'ple& ", t%i& upr"ar! Women Saudi %ra/ia Saudi ArabiaA 0%ere t%e I&la' 0a& ad )entedA and 0"'en due ri-%t& 0ere ,ir&t pr"pa-atedA i& &till denyin- ri-%t& t" 0"'en! $"'en are &till ,i-%tin- ,"r t%eir ri-%t&! I&&ue ", dri)in- ,"r 0"'an i& a %"t i&&ue ", t%e day! $"'en are n"t all"0ed t" dri)e "r ride "n bi3e and 'en are n"t all"0ed t" dri)e "t%er t%an t%e #l"&ely relati)e&! T%e 3in-d"' i& ,a#in- a dile''a ", %"0 t" -et +78000 -irl& t" &#%""l "n bu&e& t%at #an "nly be dri)en by 'en! I, any '")e'ent i& &tarted in t%i& re-ard in t%e 3in-d"'A it i& ,"r#e,ully &%ut d"0n by t%e aut%"ritie&! Women and '( KT%e ,"r' ", la0 0%i#% I pr"p"&e 0"uld be a& ,"ll"0& In a &tate 0%i#% i& de&ir"u& ", bein- &a)ed ,r"' t%e -reate&t ", all pla-ue&On"t ,a#ti"nA but rat%er di&tra#ti"nOt%ere &%"uld e@i&t a'"n- t%e #iti1en& neit%er e@tre'e p")erty n"rA a-ainA e@#e&&i)e 0ealt%A ,"r

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b"t% are pr"du#ti)e ", -reat e)il ! ! ! N"0 t%e le-i&lat"r &%"uld deter'ine 0%at i& t" be t%e li'it ", p")erty "r ", 0ealt%!L IPlat" (ree3 p%il"&"p%er 4428:+48 H!.!6

Sidelined "n#eA 0"'en ", t%e re<e#ted and denied 0"rld are n"0 -ainin'"'entu' 0it%in t%e CN &y&te'! I, t%ere 0ere n" CNA it 'ay ta3e '"re a #entury ,"r 0"'an t" -et %er ri-%t&! Mile&t"ne& at CN A (lan#e $"'en ", t%e 0"rld %a)e al0ay& ,"u-%t t" de,end t%eir ri-%t& 0it%in t%e -l"bal de#i&i"n:'a3in- b"dy t" be t%ere in t%e Cnited Nati"n& &in#e it #a'e int" bein-!! T%e&e are -i)en &"'e 'ile&t"ne& ", t%e '")e'ent ,"r equality 0it%in t%e 0"'enB& &a)i"rA t%e CN o o o o 1?47 ."''i&&i"n "n t%e Statu& ", $"'en #reatedD independent entity in 1?48! 1?48 5e#larati"n "n t%e Pr"te#ti"n ", $"'en and .%ildren in E'er-en#y and Ar'ed ."n,li#t ad"pted! o o o o o o o 1?82 /ir&t CN ."n,eren#e "n $"'en in Me@i#" .ityD annual 'eetin- a& ", 1?>8! 1?87 CN 5e)el"p'ent ,"r $"'en i& #reatedD be#"'e& CNI/EM in 1?>4! 1?8? ."n)enti"n "n t%e Eli'inati"n ", All /"r'& ", 5i&#ri'inati"n 4.E5A$6 ad"pted! 1??4

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o o o o o o o

CN Spe#ial Rapp"rteur "n Gi"len#e a-ain&t $"'en app"inted! 2000 CN Se#urity ."un#il Re&"luti"n 1+22 'andate& -ender len& "n #"n,li#t&! 2007 Hi-% le)el panel "n #"%eren#e na'ed t" &tudy -ender re,"r' ", CN! 2010 CN appr")e& #reati"n ", CN $"'en a& ne0 a-en#y! God and Socia! stratification K("d t"u#%e& and '")e&A 0arn& and de&ire& all equallyA and He 0ant& "ne quite

a& 'u#% a& an"t%er! T%e inequality lie& in t%e 0ay in 0%i#% Hi& t"u#%A Hi& 0arnin-&A and Hi& -i,t& are re#ei)ed!L 4;"%anne& Tauler6 KI, it i& a& e)il t" d" le#%ery a& t%e Hible and t%e 9"rd Hi'&el, tell u&A t%en 0%" i& t%e '"re bla'e0"rt%y t%e "ne 0%" in&ti-ate& itA "r t%e "ne 0%" d"e&nSt &" 'u#% d" it a& &u,,er 0%at 'en d" t" %er* Y"u 3n"0 )ery 0ell t%at it i& t%e 'ale 0%" d"e& itA and 0%"e)er &ay& "t%er0i&e i& 0r"n- and i& lyin- t%r"u-% %i& teet%A unle&& %e %a& n" teet% :: and 0"uld t" ("d %e %adnSt!L 4An"ny'"u&A t%e S"ut%ern Pa&&i"n6 Gender ine.ua!ity or Socia! stratification (ender &trati,i#ati"n i& ba&i#ally t%e &tru#tured ,"r' ", &"#ial inequality in 0%i#% a ran3ed -r"up ", pe"ple 0%" brin-& ab"ut unequal ,inan#ial re0ard&A &u#% a& a per&"nB& in#"'eA and p"0er "r pr"pertyA t%at i& n"r'ally br"u-%t up"n by '"ney in a &"#iety! T%i& &y&te' #"'e& in 'any di,,erent 0ay& and ,"r'&! T%ey 'ay be &la)eryD #a&te&A &"#ial #la&&A ra#eA and -ender are <u&t ,e0 ", t%e i&&ue& t%at are a,,li#ted by t%i& &y&te'! (ender inequality "r al&" 3n"0n a& -ender &trati,i#ati"nA i& a#tually t%e unequal di&tributi"n ", a &"#ietyB& 0ealt%A p"0erA and pri)ile-e bet0een t%e t"0 ba&i# -ender& ,e'ale& and 'ale&! It i& #ry&tal #leared ,r"' t%e rep"rted rep"rt& t%at t%e 'a<"rity ", t%e

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0"'en are t%e "ppre&&ed a& in turn t%e 'en bein- t%e "ppre&&"r! T%e idea ", t%e "ppre&&ed and t%e "ppre&&"r i& a-ain&t t%e <u&ti#e ", ("d! He #reated all t%e %u'an bein-& "n equal -r"und& 0it% &a'e i'p"rtan#e and &tatu&! T%at i& 0%y n"ne ", t%e di)ine reli-i"n denie& t%e 0"'en ri-%t& and &tatu& but t%e ,"ll"0er& ", t%at reli-i"n d" bein- t%e part ", t%eir belie,& but n"t ", a#ti"n&! T%ere,"reA Kin t%e &i-%t ", ("dA all pe"ple 0%et%er 'ale "r ,e'aleA bla#3 "r 0%ite are equal! N" "ne %a& -reater i'p"rtan#e but t%"&e 0%" pra#ti#e piety!L Al:Furan T%ere are 0e 'en 0%" pra#ti#e t%i& i'pra#ti#al but it i& n"t t%e #"''and'ent ", ("d! ("d i& <u&t and prea#%e& <u&t and equity! Ine.ua!ity of ,omen is 0ust a roar or rea!& Inequality ", 0"'en i& ab"ut t%e depri)ati"n ", ,unda'ental ri-%t& n"t beinpr"perly dedi#ated t" t%e 0"'en! It i& real t" &"'e e@tent but t%ere %a& been a rapid #%an-e &in#e pa&t ,e0 year& in '"&t ", t%e de)el"pin- #"untrie&! T%e pr"ble' i& t%at "n#e 0e #"'pare t%e &" #alled 0"'en ri-%t in 0e&tern #"untrie& 0it% ea&tern #"untrie& 0e #"'e t" 3n"0 t%at t%e 0e&tern tal3 ", 0"'enB& liberati"n i& a#tually a di&-ui&e ,r"' t%e e@pl"itati"n ", %er b"dyA depri)ati"n ", %er %"n"r and de-radati"n ", %er &"ul! T%e $e&tern &"#iety %a& a#tually redu#ed 0"'en &tatu& t" #"n#ubine&A t" 'i&tre&&e&A t" &"#iety butter,lie&A 0%i#% are 'ere t""l& in t%e %and& ", &e@ 'ar3eter& and plea&ure &ee3er&A 0%i#% are di&-ui&ed be%ind t%e #"l"r,ul &#reen ", art and #ulture! $e&t i& t%e trend &etter ", t%i& abu&e! On#e 0e tal3 ab"ut t%e de)el"pin- #"untrie&! E)ery #"untry ad"pt& and #at#%e& t%e idea& and pra#ti#e& bein- d"ne by any de)el"ped nati"n! T%i& e)il %a& al&" been tran&,"r'ed ,r"' t%e de)el"ped #"untrie& t%"&e are n"0 penetrated in t%e &"#iety ", de)el"pin- #"untrie&! $"'en in underde)el"ped #"untrie& are a0arded 0it% '"re &a,ety and &"#ial re&pe#t a& #"'pare t" t%e de)el"ped #"untrie&A 0%i#% a 0"'en de&er)e& t" %a)e but &till t%ey are de&perate t" -et t%eir ri-%t& 0%i#% &%"uld be equal t" 'en! Hut t%e brutal #a&e& are n"0 a day& -"in- t" be rep"rted ab"ut t%e 0"'enB& in equality! T%at i& 0%y %u'an ri-%t& a#ti)i&t& are '"re a#ti)e n"0 day& re-ardin- t%e 0"'en ri-%t&! Mu3%tar Mai A .a&e Study K$"'en %a)e &er)ed all t%e&e #enturie& a& l""3in- -la&&e& p"&&e&&in- t%e 'a-i# and deli#i"u& p"0er ", re,le#tin- t%e ,i-ure ", 'an at t0i#e it& natural &i1e!L 4 Gir-inia $""l,A A R""' ", OneS& O0n6

49

Mu3%tar MaiA +0 year& di)"r#ed 0"'enA bel"n-in- t" (u<ar ,a'ily ,r"' a Gilla-e in ;at"iA Mu1a,,ar (ar% bein- t%e di&tri#t in t%e S"ut%ern Pun<abA Pa3i&tanA 0a& "ne day in 'id 2002A #au-%tA trapped and -an- raped by ,"ur 'en na'ed Abdul =%aliqA Alla% 5ittaA /ayya1 Hu&&ain and (%ula' /aridA "n t%e i&&ue ", %er 12 year& br"t%erA Abdul S%a3""r 0%" 0a& alle-ed in a 'atter! T%e de#i&i"n 0a& ta3en t" t%e l"#al Pun%#ayat and it 'ade t%e traditi"nal #"n&er)ati)e de#i&i"n <u&ti,yin- t%e MaiB& rape a& -""d! Hut t%an3& t" t%e 'edia 0%i#% %i-%li-%ted t%e i&&ue and t%e r"ar 0a& r"ared in t%e dea, ear& ", t%e re&pe#ti)e areaB& bureau#rat& a& 0ell a& t%e upper #"urt& and p"liti#ian&! A& a re&ult a &" '"tt" a#ti"n 0a& ta3enA #a&e i, 0a& e@pl"ited by t%e l"#al p"li#e &tati"n but &%e 0a& -ranted <u&ti#e by t%e #"urt and t%e #ulprit& 0ere #au-%t and puni&%ed! Alt%"u-% t%ey are re#ently relea&ed in 5e#e'berA 2011 ,ul,illin- t%ere ti'e in t%e ;ail! A#tually t%i& 0a& t%e i&&ue t%at 0a& %i-%li-%ted by t%e 'edia and a& re&ult a )i#ti' -"t <u&ti#e "t%er0i&e t%ere a #"untle&& in#ident& in t%e <uri&di#ti"n ", S"ut% A&ia t%at are %ardly rep"rted and <u&ti,ied! ."untle&& &u#% in#ident& are e@pl"ited by t%e l"#al Pun#%ayat&A ,eudal l"rd& and p"liti#ian&A de#idin- a-ain&t t%e 0i&%e& ", 0"'en #reatininequality n"t "nly in Pa3i&tan but t%e 0%"le S"ut% A&ia! ! Na&ee' Hibi A .a&e Study Eye& -li''erin- 0it% 0"rryA Ta&lee' Hibi peered t%r"u-% t%e &lit& ", %er pit#%: bla#3 )eil! Se)enteen year& earlierA %er ,at%er ad &tru#3 a de)ili&% deal t" &tay "ut ", t%e ;ail! A ri)al ,a'ily 0a& de'andin- t%at Ta&lee' 'arry t" t%eir &"n! Her %and in 'arria-e %ad been pr"'i&ed 0%en &%e 0a& <u&t ,i)e year& "ld! Her ,at%er 0a& a##u&ed ", 3illinan"t%er 'an in a bitter land di&pute! T" 3eep t%e #a&e "ut ", #"urtA %er ,a'ily a-reed t" %i-% pri#e and ,i)e 0"'en! S%e i& t%e )i#ti' ", GaniA an u-ly traditi"n 0%ere y"un- 0"'en are traded bet0een t%e ri)al ,a'ilie& in re&"luti"n ", t%eir di&pute&! Alt%"u-%A it 0a& "utla0ed a ,e0 year& ba#3A )ani i& &till pre)alent in t%e #"n&er)ati)e p"#3et& a#r"&& Pa3i&tan! T%e 0"'an i& traded li3e an ani'al! On#e 'arriedA &%e i& little better t%an a &la)e! A )ani 0i,e i& treated li3e dirtD t%e 'en 0ear %er li3e a pair ", &%"e&! M"&t ", t%e de,ender& ", t%i& blea3 #u&t"'A bein- t%e pe&&i'i&ti# tribal elder&A &ayA t%i& 0ay pre)ent bl""d&%ed bet0een t%e 0arrin- #lan&!

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Gender Ine.ua!ity and Its Types KE)ery"ne %a& an equal ri-%t t" inequality!L 4;"%n Ral&t"n Saul6

$"'en inequality %a& 'any ,a#e& and 'ani,e&tati"n& ,r"' re-i"n t" re-i"nA #u&t"'& t" #u&t"' and #"untry t" #"untry! N"r'ally t%ere are #"unted &e)en type& ", inequality! 16 M"rtality inequality M"rtality in equality 0%i#% i& ba&ed "n t%e 'atter& ", li,e and deat% and &%"0& t%e pred"'inan#e ", t%e 'ale &e@ i& -"in- t" be #"''"n e&pe#ially in de)el"pin- 0"rld! It i& '"&tly ,"und in t%e re-i"n& ", A,ri#aA #%ina and &"ut% A&ia! 426 Natality inequality Cnder t%i& type ", inequality b"y& bein- ne":Nate i& -i)en '"re i'p"rtan#e t%an t%e -irl&! Pe"ple 0i&% t" %a)e t%eir #%ildren '"re a& b"y& and &pe#ial ,"#u& i& -i)en "n t%e ,ir&t #%ild b"rn t" any #"uple! It i& &een t%at 0"'en are deli)ered di)"r#ed it t%ey ,ail t" -i)e birt% t" a 'ail #%ild! /"r t%i& purp"&e &ele#ti)e and #"er#i)e ab"rti"n i& ,"r#ed #"'pellin- a 0"'an t" plea&e t%e 0i&%e& ", 'ale&! 4+6 Ha&i# ,a#ility inequality In t%i& ,"r' ", inequality 0"'en e&pe#ially -irl& are denied t%e ba&i# ne#e&&itie& ", li,e! Edu#ati"n bein- t%e pri'e need and de'and ", t%e ti'e i& ,ully #"n,erred "n 'ale #%ild but T"t" denied t" a ,e'ale #%ild! A,-%ani&tan i& "n t"p in t%i& 'atter! 446 Spe#ial "pp"rtunity inequality In t%i& type ", inequality 0"'en are denied t%e "pp"rtunitie& e!-! ", %i-%er edu#ati"n and %i-% <"b trainin-&! 426 Pr",e&&i"nal inequality Pr",e&&i"nal inequality i& ba&ed "n denyin- t%e due <"b and 0"r3 pr"'"ti"n& and <"b bene,it&! 476 O0ner&%ip inequality It #"'pri&e& t%e inequality in t%e in%eritan#e and pr"pertie&! I&la' -ranted t%i& ri-%t t" 0"'an but t%e ,"ll"0er& ", I&la' are n"t ,ully in#lined t" -i)e due &%are t" 0"'an e@#ept t%e S%ia Mu&li' Se#t! Hindui&' and &"'e "t%er reli-i"n& al&" d" n"t -rant t%i& ri-%t t" 0"'an!

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486 H"u&e%"ld inequality In %"u&e& bia&ne&& i& ,"und a'"n- t%e 'e'ber& ", t%e ,a'ily and a 'ale #%ild in any per&pe#ti)e i& -i)en '"re pre,eren#e t%an a ,e'ale #%ild! Types of Women #ights KIt i& a 0i&e 'an 0%" &aid t%at t%ere i& n" -reater inequality t%an t%e equal treat'ent ", unequalB&!L K/eli@ /ran3,urterL $"'en 'u&t %a)e t%eir ba&i# &piritual ri-%t& &" t%at t%ey #an ea&ily pra#ti#e t%eir reli-i"n 0it% t%eir "0n 0ill and ,reed"'! $"'en 'u&t %a)e t%eir e#"n"'i#al ri-%t& t%ey #an &%are t%e burden ", t%eir ,a'ily and #"ntribute t" t%e #"untryB& e#"n"'y! $"'en &%"uld %a)e t%eir &"#ial ri-%t& be#au&e t%e equal 'e'ber& ", t%e &"#iety and t%ey &%"uld t%e equal ,reed"' and a)ailability ", t%e "pp"rtunitie& 0%i#% are a)ailable t" 'en! $"'en &%"uld %a)e t%e equal edu#ati"nal ri-%t& &" t%at t%ey #an -et t%e &i'ilar edu#ati"nal ,a#ilitie& a)ailable t" t%eir "pp"&ite -ender! 9i3ely 0"'en 'u&t %a)e t%e le-al ri-%t& 0%i#% #an pr"te#t t%e' ,r"' all &"#ial e)il&! $"'en &%"uld %a)e t%e ri-%t t" )"te 0it% t%eir "0n 0ill and &%"uld %a)e rea&"nable repre&entati"n in t%e p"liti#&! M"de& ", Gi"lati"n ", 0"'en Ri-%t& in t%e 5e)el"pin- $"rld KT%e 0"r&t ,"r' ", inequality i& t" try t" 'a3e unequal t%in-& equal!L 4Ari&t"tle6 $"'en in de)el"pin- #"untrie& %a)e been ,a#in- 0it% &e)ere #%allen-e&! T%ere are a l"t ", &"#ial abu&e& and #u&t"'ary re&tri#ti"n& i'p"&ed "n t%e' e)en in t"dayB& &"#iety a& 0e are in 21&t #entury! Pr"ble'& a&A ,e'ale -enital 'utilati"n 0%i#% i& a #u&t"' in S"'ali6A 3illin- ,"r t%e &a3e ", %"n"r i& #"''"n in de)el"pin- #"untrie& li3e Pa3i&tanA Han-lade&%A and India 4#a&e i& qu"ted 0%ere S%a,ilea A%'ed 0a& t%e )i#ti' ", a &u&pe#ted %"n"r 3illin-! T%e 18:year:"ldS& b"dy 0a& ,"und '"nt%& a,ter &%e %ad returned ,r"' a trip t" Pa3i&tan in 200+! On t%e trip &%e dran3 blea#%! T%e #"r"ner &aid %e &a0 it a& a Sde&perate 'ea&ureS t" a)"id a ,"r#ed 'arria-e6! /"r#e pr"&tituti"n i& di,,erent #"untrie& i& )ery #"''"nA 0%ere parent& "r %u&band ,"r#e& t%e 0"'en t" &ell t%e b"dy un0illin-ly! Sellin- ", 0"'en 4#a&e i& qu"ted 0%ere In 1?>+A Zana Mu%&en and %er &i&ter NadiaA ,r"' Hir'in-%a'A 0ere pu&%ed by t%eir ,at%er t" )i&it Ye'en and ,"r#ed t" 'arry! ZanaA n"0 +2A e&#aped ei-%t year& later! Her ,at%er %ad &"ld %er ,"r a ,e0 t%"u&and d"llar&! T%e e@perien#e i& re#"unted in %er b""3D SS"ldS Sla)ery i& al&"

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#"''"n in Arab #"untrie& 0%ere 0"'en are treated a& t%e &la)e& ", %er %u&band! Sa'e i& t%e #a&e in &"'e ", Pa3i&tan rural area& 0%ere 0"'en are treated a& pr"pertyA ,"r#ed 'arria-e 4#a&e i& qu"ted 0%ere Narina An0arA 2?A and %er t0" &i&ter& #lai' t%ey 0ere tri#3ed by t%eir parent& int" -"in- "n a ,a'ily %"liday t" a re'"te )illa-e in Pa3i&tanA 0%ere t%ey 0ere %eld #apti)e ,"r ,i)e '"nt%& in an atte'pt t" ,"r#e t%e' t" 'arry t%ree illiterate )illa-er&! T%e&e -irl& 0ere later re&#ued a& t%ey #"nta#t t%e p"li#e and 'edia6! =ar" =ari i& al&" a #u&t"'ary traditi"n in t%e tribal area& ", Pa3i&tanD =ar" =ari i& t%e ,"r' ", %"n"r 3illin-&! E)ery year &e)eral 0"'en are 'urdered in t%e na'e ", %"n"r by t%e 'ale ,a'ily 'e'ber& 4and t%e&e are "nly t%e re-i&tered #a&e&! On 11t% ;une 2000A ,"ur 0"'en and "ne 'an 0ere 3illed in t%e 5era ;a'ali )illa-e in Sind%! 9a&t year "n t%e &a'e date& a 1+ year "ld -irlA SaraA 0a& &ub<e#ted t" t%i& %"n"r 3illinin ("t% =%"&a! T0" y"un- b"y& I'tia1 and Ar&%ad 0ere al&" 3illed in t%e &a'e #a&e! T%e b"y& %ad ne)er 'et t%e y"un- -irl in t%eir li)e&! Hut t%e br"t%er ", Sara de#lared it an %"n"r 3illin- t" -et le&& puni&%'ent in la0! T%i& la0 al&" -i)e& &"'e lenien#y t" t%e 3iller& in &u#% #a&e&! He a#tually 0anted t" -rab t%e land ", t%e&e b"y& and u&ed t%i& a##u&ati"n t" 3ill t%e b"y& al"n- 0it% %i& &i&ter! Se#"ndly In t%e )illa-e ", M"rat%a t%ere 0a& a #a&e ", =ar" =ari 4%"n"r 3illin-6! T%e '"ti)e ", t%e 3illin- 0a& t%at t%e 'urderer 0anted t" 'arry a 'arried 0"'an! He 3illed t%e %u&band ", t%at 0"'an and %i& "0n inn"#ent &i&ter and %e 0a& relea&ed ,r"' <ail a,ter a ,e0 '"nt%&6! In t%e underde)el"ped #"untrie&A ,"r#ed ab"rti"nA re&tri#ted ,reed"' ", '")e'ent "ut&ide t%e %"u&eA %ara&&'ent by '"rality &quad&A in,anti#ideA rape 4Mu3%taran Mai &#andal6A %ealt% pr"ble'&A A#id dr"ppin- "n t%e ,a#e&A )erbal abu&eA le&& e'p%a&i& "n 0"'en edu#ati"n and t%e di&#ri'inati"n ", bein- 0"'en in '"&t ", t%e &"#ial 'atter& i& #"''"n in )ery #"''"n! P"liti#al 3illin-&Mi'pri&"n'ent i& al&" )ery #"''"n 45r! A,ia SiddiqiA 0%" 0a& &enten#ed t" <ail ,"r >7 year& A "n an a##u&ati"n ", atte'pt t" 'urder6 and t%e 0"'en in ;a''u and =a&%'ir %a)e been t%e 0"r&t )i#ti'& ", Indian &tate terr"ri&' durin- t%e pa&t 22 year& 0%ere appr"@i'ately 12000 0"'en %a)e been 'artyred due t" t%e &tate terr"ri&'! 4Rep"rt "n $"'enS& 5ay "n Mar#% 0>6! T%e #"''"n rea&"n bein- ,"und i& t%at t%e '"&t ", de)el"pin- #"untrie& %a)e t%e 'ale d"'inated &"#iety and t%e 0"'en bein- l"0er in p"0er %a)e al0ay& been )i#ti'i1ed in all t%e a&pe#t&! Is there any /righter side of ,omen rights in the deve!oping ,or!d& 5e&pite& ", t%e depri)ati"n and pain& ", -ettin- t%e equal &tatu&A t"dayB& 0"'en are #%eri&%in- and en<"yin- t%eir li,e '"re t%an t%eir &tatu& 0%i#% ,e0 are ,i-%tin- ,"r!

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$"'en %a)e -"t t%e equal ri-%t& in all &e#t"r& and part& ", t%e li,e in '"&t ", t%e de)el"ped #"untrie& 0%i#% 0ere n"t )e&ted t" t%e' in pa&t! T%ey %a)e be#"'e t%e &y'b"l& ", t%e &"#ietyD t%ey %a)e -"t t%e equal ri-%t& in e)ery 0al3 ", li,e! T%ey are bein- -i)en &pe#ial qu"ta in <"b& 0%i#% #"n,ir'& t%eir &ele#ti"n bey"nd t%e 'erit! T%ey %a)e been ,a#ilitated 0it% &eparate and .":edu#ati"nal in&tituti"n& in '"&t ", t%e de)el"pin- #"untrie&A 0%ere t%ey #an &tudy a##"rdin- t" t%eir "0n #%"i#e 0it%"ut any re&tri#ti"n& bein- i'p"&ed "n t%e'! $"'en %a)e -"t t%e ri-%t t" )"te and n"t "nly t%i& t%ey %a)e -"t t%e ,a#ility t" <"in t%e p"liti#& and repre&ent t%eir -ender t""! $e %a)e t%e e@a'ple ", Hena1ir H%utt"A 0%" 0a& t%e ,ir&t y"un-e&t lady P!M ", Pa3i&tanD Han-lade&% %ad %i& lady pri'e 'ini&ter t""! Suu 3ui and S"nia (and%i are al&" t%e "t%er pri'e e@a'ple& 0%ile di&#u&&in- t%e bri-%t &ide! $"'en %a)e parti#ipated in S%"0bi1 and be#"'e t%e '"dern and liberal due t" t%eir ,reed"' t%ey %a)e -"t! In re#ent day& 0e %a)e a &#andal ", Geena Mali3A 0%" %a& pr"bably d"ne an a#t ", -i)in- a nude p%"t" &%""t 0%i#% i& a-ain&t %er reli-i"n but &%e %a& d"ne t%at due t" t%e ,reed"' &%e %a& -"t and &"#iety %a& a##epted in &ilently eit%er &%e #"''itted t%at a#t "r n"t! /urt%er'"reA $"'en %a)e been edu#ated t%an t%e pa&tA t%i& i& n"t t%e #a&e in all t%e de)el"pin- #"untrie& but in '"&t! In Pa3i&tan litera#y rate i& already )ery l"0A but &till 0"'en are 'u#% e,,i#ient in #"ntributin- t%e litera#y rate by -ettin- '"re edu#ati"n! T%e trend t" -et 0"'en edu#ated i& #%an-in- p"&iti)ely t%en t%e pa&t! $o, to Eradicate This Ine.ua!ity: KCnder:repre&entati"n ", 0"'en and "t%er inequality a'"n- re&ear#%er& i& a pr"ble' t%at 0ill n"t &"l)e it&el, a& 0"'en a#quire #"'peten#e!L 4Tar<a Hal"nen6 KIt i& t%e belie, t%at e@tre'e& and e@#e&&e& ", inequality 'u&t be redu#ed &" t%at ea#% per&"n i& ,ree t" ,ully de)el"p %i& "r %er ,ull p"tential! T%i& i& 0%y 0e ta3e pre#i"u& ti'e "ut ", "ur li)e& and -i)e it t" p"liti#&!L 4Paul $ell&t"ne6 Inequality ", 0"'en ri-%t& %a& been #"n&i&tently under #"n&iderati"n in all t%e &"#iety in t%e pa&t #entury and %a& -"t 'a@i'u' re&ult&A $"'en ri-%t& %a)e been pr"te#ted in t%e .%arter ", Cnited Nati"n& 1?4>! $%ere it i& &tatedA Kt%e #%arter ", Cnited Nati"n& ,"rbid& di&#ri'inati"n "n t%e ba&i& ", Kra#eA &e@A lan-ua-e "r reli-i"n!L /urt%er'"re t%ere are &e)eral %u'an ri-%t& "r-ani1ati"n& 0%i#% are a#ti)ely 0"r3in- and ,i-%tin- t" pr"te#t

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t%e 0"'en ri-%t& e&pe#ially in t%e underde)el"ped #"untrie&! M"re")er edu#ati"nal pr"-ra'& ,"r 0"'en %a)e been "n-"in- ,"r la&t 'any year& 0%i#% %a)e -"t &u##e&& in #reatin- a0arene&& in 0"'en t"0ard& -ettin- t%eir ,unda'ental ri-%t&! Se)eral %ealt% re,"r'& %a)e been in a#ti"n t" ,i-%t& 0it% t%e dan-er"u& di&ea&e& e&pe#ially brea&t #an#er! (ender inequality in edu#ati"n 'ay %a'per -r"0t% t%r"u-% it& i'pa#t "n #%ild %ealt%! Hetter edu#ated ,e'ale& %a)e %ealt%ier #%ildrenA 0%i#% %a)e been ,"und t" in#rea&e -r"0t% in t%e l"n- run a& &aid by Nap"le"n H"naparte! Media %a& played a )ital r"le by pr")idin- a brid-e t" pa&& "n t%e a#tual in,"r'ati"n and ,a#t& ", t%e &"#iety 0%ere 0"'en 0ere depri)ed ", t%eir ri-%t&! Media %a& #"ntributed a l"t by play& T!G dra'a&A ,il'&A tal3 &%"0&A 0%i#% %a& #reated a0arene&& in t%e &"#iety ab"ut t%e ri-%t& ", t%e 0"'en! Pr")i&i"n ", Edu#ati"n t" Ma&&e& Eradi#ati"n ", &"#i" e#"n"'i# #"n&traint& A0arene&& ab"ut t%e %a1ard ", &e@ abu&e& in literature ."''unity ba&ed pr"-ra''ed O)er#"'in- t%e i&&ue ", p")erty by -i)in- due &%are t" 0"'en in t%e pr"du#ti"n Sa,e-uardin- 0"'en at 0"r3 pla#e Ena#tin- &tri#t la0& and t%eir ,ull en,"r#e'ent Pr")idin- <"b& t" 0"'en t" ")er#"'e t%e i&&ue ", inequality by 'a3int%e 0"'en e#"n"'i#ally &tr"nMa3in- t%e #u&t"'&A rite& and ritual& 0"'en ,riendly (i)in- 0"'en a due p"liti#al repre&entati"n in l"#alA pr")in#ial and nati"nal H"die&MA&&e'blie& (i)in- 0"'en a due &%are in nati"nal de#i&i"n 'a3in- pr"#e&& Equal repre&entati"n ", 0"'en at ea#% and e)ery ,"ru' t" ne-ate t%e #"n#ept ", inequality Pr"te#ti"n ", 0"'en ri-%t& t%r"u-% P"li#e and Gi-ilant tea'& Ma3in- t%e be&t %ealt% #are #enter& ,"r '"t%er and ne":Nate Re#ruit'ent ", 0"'en a& <ud-e&A bureau#rat&A land re-i&trati"n ",,i#er&A and p"li#e ",,i#er&! (i)in- due &%are t" 0"'en in in%eritan#e and pr"pertie&

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C&in- 'edia a& an in&tru'ent and pr"pa-at"r ", 0"'en ri-%t& 5ue r"le ", #i)il &"#iety 5ue r"le ", t%e Reli-i"u& leader& ", any reli-i"n (")ern'ent &pe#ial l"an& t" e'p"0er t%e 0"'en

."n#lu&i"n KT%ere i& al0ay& inequality in li,e! S"'e 'en are 3illed in a 0ar and &"'e 'en are 0"unded and &"'e 'en ne)er lea)e t%e #"untry! 9i,e i& un,air!L 4;"%n /! =ennedy6 Conc!usion $"'en ri-%t& %a)e been in,rin-ed and )i#ti'i1ed in di,,erent "rder& and in di,,erent peri"d&! T"day $"'an i& 'u#% &e#urer t%en it 0a& in t%e pa&t! Still t%e need i& t" i'pr")e t%e area& 0%ere t%e de)el"pin- #"untrie& &%"uld #"n#entrateA li3e t%e edu#ati"n ", t%e 0"'enA &tep& t" eradi#ate p")erty ,r"' t%e &"#iety &" t%at t%e ba&i# need& &%"uld be ,ul,illed! $"'en &%"uld be en#"ura-ed t" #"'e a%ead in all t%e ,ield ", li,eA be#au&e t%e "nly 3ey t" &u##e&& i& t%at t%ere &%"uld be n" di&#ri'inati"n bet0een 'ale and ,e'aleA &" t%at t%e &"#iety 'ay pr"&per and de)el"p in &'""t% 0ay&! Ot%er0i&e n" #"untry 0"uld be able t" &tand in t%e r"0 ", de)el"ped nati"n&!

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