Rectangular Waveguides

Irsandi Agustomo
(0906529924)
Asep Muhamad A S
(1106050986)
Waveguide components
Figures from: www.microwaves101.com/encyclopedia/waveguide.cfm
Rectangular waveguide
Waveguide to coax adapter
E-tee Waveguide bends
More waveguides
http://www.tallguide.com/Waveguidelinearity.html
Uses
To reduce attenuation loss
High frequencies
High power
Can operate only above certain
frequencies
Acts as a High-pass filter
Normally circular or rectangular
We will assume lossless rectangular
Rectangular WG
Need to find the fields
components of the
em wave inside the
waveguide
E
z
H
z
E
x
H
x
E
y
H
y
http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/D.Jefferies/wguide.html
Rectangular Waveguides:
Fields inside
Using phasors & assuming waveguide
filled with
lossless dielectric material and
walls of perfect conductor,
the wave inside should obey
c
k
H k H
E k E
c e
2 2
2 2
2 2
where
0
0
=
= + V
= + V
Then applying on the z-component
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
: obtain we where from
) ( ) ( ) ( ) , , (
: Variables of Separation of method by Solving
0
k
Z
Z
Y
Y
X
X
z Z y Y x X z y x E
E k
z
E
y
E
x
E
'' '' ''
z
z
z z z
= + +
=
= +
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
0
2 2
= + V
z z
E k E
Fields inside the waveguide
0
0
0
: s expression in the results which
2
2
2
2 2 2 2
2
=
= +
= +
= +
= + +
Z Z
Y k Y
X k X
k k k
k
Z
Z
Y
Y
X
X
''
y
''
x
''
y x
'' '' ''

z z
y y
x x
e c e c z Z
y k c y k c Y(y)
x k c x k c X(x)

+ =
+ =
+ =
6 5
4 3
2 1
) (
sin cos
sin cos
2 2 2 2 2
y x
k k k h + = + =
Substituting
z z
y y
x x
e c e c z Z
y k c y k c Y(y)
x k c x k c X(x)

+ =
+ =
+ =
6 5
4 3
2 1
) (
sin cos
sin cos
) ( ) ( ) ( ) , , ( z Z y Y x X z y x E
z
=
( )( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
z
y y x x z
z
y y x x z
z z
y y x x z
e y k B y k B x k B x k B H
e y k A y k A x k A x k A E
z
e c e c y k c y k c x k c x k c E

+ + =
+ + =
+
+ + + =
sin cos sin cos
, field magnetic for the Similarly
sin cos sin cos
: direction - in traveling wave at the looking only If
sin cos sin cos
4 3 2 1
4 3 2 1
6 5 4 3 2 1
Modes of propagation
Boundary Conditions
TEM (E
z
=H
z
=0) cant propagate.
TE (E
z
=0) transverse electric
In TE mode, the electric lines of flux are
perpendicular to the axis of the waveguide
TM (H
z
=0) transverse magnetic, E
z
exists
In TM mode, the magnetic lines of flux are
perpendicular to the axis of the waveguide.
TM Mode
Boundary
conditions:
,a x E
,b y E
z
z
0 at 0
0 at 0
= =
= =
Figure from: www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~microwave/programs/magnetic/rect/info.htm
( )( )
z
y y x x z
e y k A y k A x k A x k A E

+ + = sin cos sin cos
4 3 2 1
( )( )
z j
y x z
e y k x k A A E
|
= sin sin
4 2
From these, we conclude:
X(x) is in the form of sin k
x
x,
where k
x
=mt/a, m=1,2,3,
Y(y) is in the form of sin k
y
y,
where k
y
=nt/b, n=1,2,3,
So the solution for E
z
(x,y,z) is
TM Mode
Substituting
z j
o z
e y
b
n
x
a
m
E E
|
t t

|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
= sin sin
TM modes
The m and n represent the mode of propagation
and indicates the number of variations of the
field in the x and y directions
Note that for the TM mode, if n or m is zero, all
fields are zero.
0
sin sin
=
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

z
z j
o z
H
e y
b
n
x
a
m
E E
|
t t
TM
mn
TE Mode
Boundary
conditions:
,a x E
,b y E
y
x
0 at 0
0 at 0
= =
= =
Figure from: www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~microwave/programs/magnetic/rect/info.htm
( )( )
z j
y x z
e y k x k B B H
|
= cos cos
3 1
From these, we conclude:
X(x) is in the form of cos k
x
x,
where k
x
=mt/a, m=0,1,2,3,
Y(y) is in the form of cos k
y
y,
where k
y
=nt/b, n=0,1,2,3,
So the solution for E
z
(x,y,z) is
( )( )
z
y y x x z
e y k B y k B x k B x k B H

+ + = sin cos sin cos
4 3 2 1
TE Mode
Substituting
Note that n and m cannot be both zero
because the fields will all be zero.
z j
o z
e y
b
n
a
x m
H H
|
t t

|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
= cos cos
TE
mn
0
cos cos
=
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

z
z j
o z
E
e y
b
n
x
a
m
H H
|
t t
Conclusion
TEM (E
z
=H
z
=0) cant propagate.
TE (E
z
=0) transverse electric
In TE mode, the electric lines of flux are perpendicular to the axis of the
waveguide
TM (H
z
=0) transverse magnetic, E
z
exists
In TM mode, the magnetic lines of flux are perpendicular to the axis of
the waveguide.
The m and n represent the mode of propagation and indicates the number
of variations of the field in the x and y directions
for the TM mode, if n or m is zero, all fields are zero.