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Chapter 19d
Chapter 19d
Chapter 19d
Diastole
relaxation of the heart chamber
AV valves open
pressure no longer pushing them closed
The Cardiac Cycle: Overview Pressure changes that occur during the cardiac cycle are responsible for what two physiologic processes within the heart?
Unidirectional movement of blood through heart; opening and closing of heart valves
1/9/2013
Atria relaxed and ventricles contracted Ventricular pressure > atrial pressure Ventricular pressure < arterial trunk pressure AV valves and semilunar valves closed Isovolumetric contraction
ESV = EDV - SV
Blood flowing backward slightly caught in semilunar valves, which close Prevents backflow into ventricles Isovolumetric relaxation
Ventricular pressure < arterial trunk pressure Semilunar valves closed When most ventricular filling occurs
1/9/2013
Figure 19.21
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Figure 19.22a-b
2 Early ventricular systole 3 Late ventricular systole
1 Atrial systole
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SV AV valves closed Semilunar valves open
(a) ECG
Initiates contraction of ventricles R Initiates contraction of atria P Q
Atria contract
Atria relax
Ventricles contract Chambers Ventricular pressure Valves Atria contract Ventricles relax < Atrial pressure < Arterial trunk pressure AV valves open Semilunar valves closed Chambers Ventricular pressure Valves Atria relax Ventricles contract
EDV
Ventricles contract Chambers Ventricular pressure Valves Atria relax Ventricles contract > Atrial pressure > Arterial trunk pressure AV valves closed Semilunar valves open
ECG is a graphic recording of electrical changes in the heart that initiate atrial and ventricular contraction T
> Atrial pressure < Arterial trunk pressure AV valves closed Semilunar valves closed
(b) Chambers
1
AV valves open Ventricles relax Chambers Ventricular pressure Valves Atria relax Ventricles relax < Atrial pressure < Arterial trunk pressure AV valves open Semilunar valves closed Chambers Ventricular pressure Valves Atria relax Ventricles relax > Atrial pressure < Arterial trunk pressure AV valves closed Semilunar valves closed
SV: Stroke volume EDV: End diastolic volume ESV: End systolic volume
4 Relax
Atria Ventricles
Relax
Relax
Figure 19.22c
Figure 19.22d-e
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
40
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
70
Cardiac Output
Clinical View: Heart Sounds and Heart Murmurs
Four normal heart sounds
two familiar sounds, lubb-dupp, S1 and S2 S1, closing of AV valves S2, closing of semilunar valves two minor sounds, S3 and S4 provide clinically important information about heart and valves
Cardiac Output
Clinical View: Heart Sounds and Heart Murmurs (continued)
Heart murmur
abnormal heart sound result of turbulence of blood passing through heart some medically important, some not two types:
valvular insufficiency and valvular stenosis