Umts Signalling Diagrams v1-5

Core Network Development Technology Group
UMTS SIGNALLING FLOW DIAGRAMS
Issue: Date: Do". Re#.
Version 1.5 09 0! 01
Aut$or: Ori%inator: A&&ro'e(: A&&ro'e(:
Dave Fox Chris Pudney
)Na*e+
)Si%nature+
,$an%e -istor.
Version 1 Version 1$1 Version 1$ Version 1$' Version 1$% Version 1$* Date !"1 "!! 1%"! "!1 "! "!1 ("! "!1 !)"!'"!1 !+"!'"!1 ,o**ents First Dra#t &econd Dra#t Third Dra#t Fourth Dra#t Fi#th Dra#t Finished Dra#t
,-T& &ignalling Flow Diagrams
Ta/0e o# ,ontents
1 S"o&e 1 1 2i/0io%ra&$.33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333331 !A//re'iations3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333! 4Intro(u"tion333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333335
%$1Transport Protocols.....................................................................*
%$1$1/synchronous Trans#er -ode 0/T-1..............................................................* %$1$ &ignalling Connection Control Part 0&CCP1.........................................................(
%$ Functionality o# ,T2/N................................................................)
%$ $1Functionality o# the Node 3.....................................................................) %$ $ Functionality o# the 2NC.......................................................................)
%$'4nter#aces.............................................................................5
%$'$1The 2adio 4nter#ace 0,u1........................................................................5 %$'$ The 4u6 4nter#ace..............................................................................5 %$'$'The 4ur 4nter#ace.............................................................................1! %$'$%The 4u 4nter#ace..............................................................................1!
%$%Protocols............................................................................1!
%$%$1The 2adio 2esource Control 022C1 Protocol.......................................................11 %$%$1$1Transport Channels..........................................................................1 %$%$1$ The 7ogical Channels........................................................................1 %$%$ The Node 3 /pplication Part 0N3/P1............................................................1' %$%$'The 2adio Network &u6system /pplication Part 02N&/P1............................................1' %$%$%The 2adio /ccess Network /pplication Part 02/N/P1...............................................1% %$%$*-o6ility -anagement 0--1 and Call Control 0CC1.................................................1%
%$*Diagram Notation.....................................................................1*
5,a00 5sta/0is$*ent3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333316
*$1 -o6ile 8riginating Call Procedural 8verview..............................................1(
*$1$1 -o6ile 8riginating Call 9sta6lishment Diagrams...................................................15
*$ -o6ile Terminating Call Procedural 8verview.............................................. 5

*$ $1 -o6ile Terminating Call 9sta6lishment Diagrams..................................................'!
6 Lo"ation Mana%e*ent3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333!9
($17ocation /rea ,pdate..................................................................'+ ($ 2outeing /rea ,pdate.................................................................*!
($ ($ ($ ($ $14ntra &G&N 2outeing /rea ,pdate...............................................................*! $1$14ntra &G&N 2outeing /rea ,pdate Procedure.....................................................*! $ 4nter &G&N 2outeing /rea ,pdate..............................................................*( $ $1 4nter &G&N 2outeing /rea ,pdate Procedure....................................................*(
($' ,T2/N 2egistration /rea ,pdate Procedure...............................................((

($'$1,T2/N 2egistration /rea 0,2/1 ,pdate procedure on &2NC........................................(( ($'$1$1,T2/N 2egistration /rea ,pdate on &2NC Procedure.............................................(( ($'$ ,T2/N 2egistration /rea 0,2/1 ,pdate on D2NC................................................(5 ($'$ $1,T2/N 2egistration /rea ,pdate on D2NC Procedure............................................(5
7-an(o'er33333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333369
)$1:ard :andover.......................................................................)!
)$1$14ntra &2NC :ard :andover....................................................................) )$1$1$14ntra &2NC :ard :andover Procedure..........................................................) )$1$ 4nter -&C :ard :andover.....................................................................)( )$1$ $14nter -&C :ard :andover Procedure...........................................................)(
)$ &o#t :andover Procedures...............................................................51

,-T& &ignalling Flow Diagrams i
)$ )$ )$ )$ )$ )$ )$ )$ )$ )$ )$ )$
$1 4ntra 2NC 2adio 7ink /ddition.................................................................5% $1$14ntra 2NC 2adio 7ink /ddition Procedure.......................................................5% $ 4nter 2NC 2adio 7ink /ddition.................................................................5( $ $14nter 2NC 2adio 7ink /ddition Procedure.......................................................5( $'4ntra 2NC 2adio 7ink Deletion..................................................................+! $'$14ntra 2NC 2adio 7ink Deletion Procedure.......................................................+! $%4nter 2NC 2adio 7ink Deletion..................................................................+ $%$14nter 2NC 2adio 7ink Deletion Procedure.......................................................+ $*4ntra -&C &2N& 2elocation....................................................................+% $*$14ntra -&C &2N& 2elocation Procedure..........................................................+% $(4nter &G&N &2N& 2elocation...................................................................+5 $($14nter &G&N &2N& 2elocation Procedure.........................................................+5
8 9a":et Ser'i"es333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333105
5$1&ervice 2e;uest......................................................................1!5
5$1$1&ervice 2e;uest Procedure....................................................................1!5
5$ PDP Context........................................................................11(
5$ 5$ 5$ 5$ $1PDP Context /ctivation......................................................................11( $1$1PDP Context /ctivation Procedure............................................................11( $ PDP Context Deactivation....................................................................1 $ $1 PDP Context Deactivation Procedure..........................................................1
ii
Ta/0e o# Fi%ures
Fi%ure 1 A""ess Net;or: Mo(u0es an( Inter#a"es.33333333333333333333333333333333333335 Fi%ure 1 T$e Iu/ Inter#a"e Virtua0 ,onne"tions3333333333333333333333333333333333333336 Fi%ure ! Iu/ Messa%e Trans#er #or S;it"$e( Virtua0 ,onne"tion 5sta/0is$*ent3333333333337 Fi%ure 4 5<a*&0e 9roto"o0 Sta": o# A""ess Stratu*3333333333333333333333333333333333339 Fi%ure 5 A Re&resentation o# t$e Ma&&in% /et;een Trans&ort ,$anne0 an( Lo%i"a0 ,$anne0 SA9333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333311 Fi%ure 6 5<&0anation o# Si%na00in% Dia%ra* Notation.33333333333333333333333333333333315 Fi%ure 7 Mo/i0e Ori%inatin% ,a00 5sta/0is$*ent 9ro"e(ure= 9a%e 1 o# 5.33333333333333333317 Fi%ure 8 Mo/i0e Ori%inatin% ,a00 5sta/0is$*ent 9ro"e(ure= 9a%e 1 o# 5.33333333333333333319 Fi%ure 9 Mo/i0e Ori%inatin% ,a00 5sta/0is$*ent 9ro"e(ure= 9a%e ! o# 5.33333333333333333311 Fi%ure 10 Mo/i0e Ori%inatin% ,a00 5sta/0is$*ent 9ro"e(ure= 9a%e 4 o# 5.333333333333333331! Fi%ure 11 Mo/i0e Ori%inatin% ,a00 5sta/0is$*ent 9ro"e(ure= 9a%e 5 o# 5.3333333333333333315 Fi%ure 11 Mo/i0e Ter*inatin% ,a00 5sta/0is$*ent 9ro"e(ure= 9a%e 1 o# 5.333333333333333319 Fi%ure 1! Mo/i0e Ter*inatin% ,a00 5sta/0is$*ent 9ro"e(ure= 9a%e 1 o# 5.3333333333333333!1 Fi%ure 14 Mo/i0e Ter*inatin% ,a00 5sta/0is$*ent 9ro"e(ure= 9a%e ! o# 5.3333333333333333!! Fi%ure 15 Mo/i0e Ter*inatin% ,a00 5sta/0is$*ent 9ro"e(ure= 9a%e 4 o# 5.3333333333333333!5 Fi%ure 16 Mo/i0e Ter*inatin% ,a00 5sta/0is$*ent 9ro"e(ure= 9a%e 5 o# 5.3333333333333333!7 Fi%ure 17 An I00ustration o# Se"urit. 9ro"e(ure si%na00in%.3333333333333333333333333333340 Fi%ure 18 Inter MS, Lo"ation Area U&(ate 9ro"e(ure= 9a%e 1 o# 4.33333333333333333333341 Fi%ure 19 Inter MS, Lo"ation Area U&(ate 9ro"e(ure= 9a%e 1 o# 4.3333333333333333333334! Fi%ure 10 Inter MS, Lo"ation Area U&(ate 9ro"e(ure= 9a%e ! o# 4.33333333333333333333345 Fi%ure 11 Inter MS, Lo"ation Area U&(ate 9ro"e(ure= 9a%e 4 o# 4.33333333333333333333347 Fi%ure 11 Intra SGSN Routein% Area U&(ate Dia%ra*= 9a%e 1 o# !.33333333333333333333349 Fi%ure 1! Intra SGSN Routein% Area U&(ate Dia%ra*= 9a%e 1 o# !.33333333333333333333351 Fi%ure 14 Intra SGSN Routein% Area U&(ate Dia%ra*= 9a%e ! o# !.3333333333333333333335! Fi%ure 15 Inter SGSN RAU Si%na00in% Dia%ra*s= 9a%e 1 o# 5.33333333333333333333333333355 Fi%ure 16 Inter SGSN RAU Si%na00in% Dia%ra*s= 9a%e 1 o# 5.33333333333333333333333333357 Fi%ure 17 Inter SGSN RAU Si%na00in% Dia%ra*s= 9a%e ! o# 5.33333333333333333333333333359 Fi%ure 18 Inter SGSN RAU Si%na00in% Dia%ra*s= 9a%e 4 o# 5.33333333333333333333333333361 Fi%ure 19 Inter SGSN RAU Si%na00in% Dia%ra*s= 9a%e 5 o# 5.3333333333333333333333333336! Fi%ure !0 URA U&(ate on a SRN,333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333365 Fi%ure !1 URA U&(ate on a DRN,333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333367 Fi%ure !1 Intra SRN, -ar( -an(o'er= 9a%e 1 o# 13333333333333333333333333333333333371 Fi%ure !! Intra SRN, -ar( -an(o'er= 9a%e 1 o# 1.333333333333333333333333333333333337! Fi%ure !4 Inter MS, -ar( -an(o'er Dia%ra*= 9a%e 1 o# !.333333333333333333333333333375
,-T& &ignalling Flow Diagrams iii
Fi%ure !5 Inter MS, -ar( -an(o'er Dia%ra*= 9a%e 1 o# !.333333333333333333333333333377 Fi%ure !6 Inter MS, -ar( -an(o'er= 9a%e ! o# !.33333333333333333333333333333333333379 Fi%ure !7 Intra RN, Ra(io Lin: A((ition Dia%ra*.33333333333333333333333333333333338! Fi%ure !8 Inter RN, Ra(io Lin: A((ition Dia%ra*= 9a%e 1 o# 1.33333333333333333333333385 Fi%ure !9 Inter RN, Ra(io Lin: A((ition Dia%ra*= 9a%e 1 o# 1.33333333333333333333333387 Fi%ure 40 Intra RN, Ra(io Lin: De0etion Dia%ra*.333333333333333333333333333333333389 Fi%ure 41 Inter RN, Ra(io Lin: De0etion Dia%ra*.3333333333333333333333333333333333391 Fi%ure 41 Intra MS, SRNS Re0o"ation= 9a%e 1 o# 1333333333333333333333333333333333339! Fi%ure 4! Intra MS, SRNS Re0o"ation= 9a%e 1 o# 13333333333333333333333333333333333395 Fi%ure 44 Inter SGSN SRNS Re0o"ation= 9a%e 1 o# 4.333333333333333333333333333333333397 Fi%ure 45 Inter SGSN SRNS Re0o"ation= 9a%e 1 o# 4.333333333333333333333333333333333399 Fi%ure 46 Inter SGSN SRNS Re0o"ation= 9a%e ! o# 4.333333333333333333333333333333333101 Fi%ure 47 Inter SGSN SRNS Re0o"ation= 9a%e 4 o# 4.33333333333333333333333333333333310! Fi%ure 48 Ser'i"e Re>uest 9ro"e(ure Dia%ra*s= 9a%e 1 o# 4.333333333333333333333333333107 Fi%ure 49 Ser'i"e Re>uest 9ro"e(ure Dia%ra*s= 9a%e 1 o# 4.333333333333333333333333333109 Fi%ure 50 Ser'i"e Re>uest 9ro"e(ure Dia%ra*s= 9a%e ! o# 4.333333333333333333333333333111 Fi%ure 51 Ser'i"e Re>uest 9ro"e(ure Dia%ra*s= 9a%e 4 o# 4.33333333333333333333333333311! Fi%ure 51 9D9 ,onte<t A"ti'ation Dia%ra*s= 9a%e 1 o# !.33333333333333333333333333333115 Fi%ure 5! 9D9 ,onte<t A"ti'ation Dia%ra*s= 9a%e 1 o# !.33333333333333333333333333333117 Fi%ure 54 9D9 ,onte<t A"ti'ation Dia%ra*s= 9a%e ! o# !.33333333333333333333333333333119 Fi%ure 55 9D9 ,onte<t Dea"ti'ation Dia%ra*s= 9a%e 1 o# !.333333333333333333333333333111 Fi%ure 56 9D9 ,onte<t Dea"ti'ation Dia%ra*s= 9a%e 1 o# !.33333333333333333333333333311! Fi%ure 57 9D9 ,onte<t Dea"ti'ation Dia%ra*s= 9a%e ! o# !.333333333333333333333333333115
iv
S"o&e
This document descri6es the process o# ,-T& ,ser 9;uipment 0,91 call procedures< including call esta6lishment< 7ocation -anagement< :andovers< and Packet &ervices$ The intended audience o# this document are those who have a 6asic understanding o# the third generation mo6ile communication system$ The &ignalling Flow diagrams contained within this document are 6ased upon the Decem6er !!! versions o# the 'GPP 2elease =++ ,-T& &peci#ications$
1
>1? > ? >'? >%? >*? >(? >)? >5? >+? >1!? >11? >1 ? >1'? >1%? >1*? >1(? >1)? >15? >1+? > !? > 1? > ? > '? > %? > *?
2i/0io%ra&$.
'GPP T2 1$+!*@ AVoca6ulary #or 'GPP &peci#icationsA$ 'GPP T& *$%!1@ A,T2/N overall descriptionA$ 'GPP T2 *$+'1@ A,T2/N Functions< 9xamples on &ignalling ProceduresA$ 'GPP T& *$%! @ A&ynchronisation in ,T2/N< stage A$ 'GPP T& *$'!1@ A2adio 4nter#ace Protocol /rchitectureA$ 'GPP T& 'GPP T& 'GPP T& 'GPP T& 'GPP T& 'GPP T& 'GPP T& 'GPP T& *$'!'@ A4nterlayer Procedures in Connected -odeA *$' 1@ A-/C protocol speci#icationA$ *$' @ A27C Protocol &peci#icationA$ *$''1@ A22C Protocol &peci#icationA$ *$%1 @ A,T2/N 4u 4nter#ace &ignalling TransportA$ *$%1'@ A,T2/N 4u 4nter#ace 2/N/P &ignallingA$ *$%1%@ A4u 4nter#ace Data Transport and Transport &ignallingA$ *$%1*@ A,T2/N 4u 4nter#ace ,ser Plane ProtocolsA$
'GPP T& *$% *@ A,T2/N 4ur 4nter#ace ,ser Plane Protocols #or Common Transport Channel Data &treamsA 'GPP T& *$% (@ A,T2/N 4ur and 4u6 4nter#ace Data Transport B Transport 7ayer &ignalling #or DC: Data &treamsA$ 'GPP T& *$% )@ A,T2/N 4ur and 4u6 4nter#ace ,ser Plane Protocols #or DC: Data &treamsA$ 'GPP T& *$%'*@ A,T2/N 4u6 inter#ace ,ser Plane Protocols #or Common Transport Channel Data &treamsA$ 'GPP T& *$%''@ A,T2/N 4u6 4nter#ace N3/P &ignallingA$ 'GPP T& *$% '@ A,T2/N 4ur 4nter#ace 2N&/P &ignallingA$ 'GPP T& %$!!5@ ACore Network ProtocolsA$ 'GPP T& '$!(!@ AGeneral Packet 2adio &ervice 0GP2&1< &ervice description< &tage A$ 4T,CT 2ecommendation D$ ('!$1@ A//7 TEP9 &4GN/774NG P28T8C87A$ 4T,CT 2ecommendation D$ 1!@ A-essage Trans#er Part level ' #unctions and messagesA$ 4T,CT 2ecommendation D$ 11!@ A3C4&DN &ignalling C &&C8PA$ 'GPP T& '$!!+@ A:andover proceduresA$
! A//re'iations
AAL2 AAL5 ACM ALCAP AM ANS AuC ATM CC! C! SC CAM"L CC CCC! CTC! C$MA CPC! C&NC CS $CC! $C! $C!'(P $L$T $&NC $SA) $SC! $T $TC! "C( "&* (AC! ("C ($$ (P --SN -SM -SN -smSS( -TP )AM )" )M") )MS) )N )P )S1P LA LA) LA1 M4uA MAC ATM Adaptation Layer 2 ATM Adaptation Layer 5 Address Complete Message Access Link Control Application Part Acknowledged Mode ANSwer Authentication Centre Asynchronous Transfer Mode roadcast Control C!annel roadcast C!annel ase Station Controller Customised Applications for Mo#ile networks "nhanced Logic Call Control Common Control C!annel Common Traffic C!annel Code $i%ision Multiple Access Common Packet C!annel Controlling &adio Network Controller Circuit Switched $edicated Control C!annel $edicated Channel $edicated Channel (rame Protocol $own Link $irect Transfer $rift &adio Network Controller $estination Signalling Association )dentifier $ownlink Shared C!annel $irect Transfer $edicated Traffic C!annel "sta#lishment Confirm "sta#lishment &e+uest (orward Access Channel (orward "rror Correction (re+uency $i%ision $uple, (rame Protocol -ateway -P&S Support Node -lo#al System for Mo#ile communications -P&S Support Node -SM Ser%ice Switching (unction .A/A SSP0 -P&S Tunnelling Protocol )nitial Address Message )nformation "lement )nternational Mo#ile station "+uipment )dentity )nternational Mo#ile Su#scri#er )dentity )ntelligent Node )nternet Protocol )S$N 1ser Part .of signalling system No230 Location Area Location Area )dentity Location Area 1pdate MTP4 1ser Adaptation Layer Medium Access Control
'
M-5 MM MSC MTP4'# NAS N N AP 6SA) PC! PCC! PS PSTN P7C P7L& *oS &A &A &AC! &ANAP &A) &A1 &"L &L &LC &LC &NC &NS &NSAP &&C &8 SAP SCCP SCTP S-SN S&NC S&NS SSC( NN) SSC6P S7C TC! TLA TM TMS) T&NC 1" 1L$T 1M 1MTS 1&A 1T&AN 7L&
Media -ateway Mo#ile Management Mo#ile Switching Centre Message Transfer Part le%el 4 ' #road#and Non'Access Stratum Node Node Application Part 6riginating Signalling Association )dentifier Paging C!annel Paging Control C!annel Packet Switched Pu#lic Switched Telephone Network Permanent 7irtual Circuit Pre%ious 7isitor Location &egister *uality of Ser%ice &outeing Area &adio Access earer &andom Access Channel &adio Access Network Application Part &outeing Area )dentity &outeing Area 1pdate &"Lease &adio Link &adio Link Control &eLease Confirm &adio Network Controller &adio Network Su#system &adio Network Su#system Application Part &adio &esource Control &ecei%e Ser%ice Access Point Signalling Connection Control Part Stream Control Transmission Protocol Ser%ing -P&S Support Node Ser%ing &adio Network Controller Ser%ing &adio Network Su#system Ser%ice'Specific Control (unction 9 Network Node )nterface Ser%ice'Specific Connection'6rientated Protocol Switched 7irtual Circuit Traffic C!annel Transport Layer Address Transparent Mode Temporary Mo#ile Su#scri#er )dentity Target &adio Network Controller 1ser "+uipment 1plink $irect Transfer 1nacknowledged Mode 1ni%ersal Mo#ile Terrestrial System 1T&AN &egistration Area 1MTS Terrestrial &adio Access Network 7isitor Location &egister
Intro(u"tion
This diagram illustrates the structure and interconnections 6etween devices that make up the 'G access network$
Node B
)u#
Node B
RNC
)u'CS
MSC/VLR
Node B
)ur
Node B
-s
HLR
Node B
RNC
1u
Node B
)u'PS
SGSN
-r
-n
GGSN UE
Fi%ure 1 A""ess Net;or: Mo(u0es an( Inter#a"es.
4.1 4.1.1
Transport Protocols As.n"$ronous Trans#er Mo(e )ATM+

The /T- layer deals with routeing< multiplexing and demultiplexing< #low control and 8perations and -aintenance$ 4n the 'G access network there are two adaptation layers that are used over the /T- layer< these are //7 and //7*$ The //7 is used #or switched virtual circuits 0&VC1< where the //7* is used #or permanent virtual circuits 0PVC1$ //7 mimics a circuit switched transport medium< supplying guaranteed Do& #or time sensitive operations$ //7 e##iciently uses the 6andwidth #or short and varia6le length packets$ //7* also allows varia6le #rame lengths 6ut the average #rame length is normally larger then the /T- packet siFe$
The Permanent Virtual Circuit 0PVC1 is a #ixed connection< where all addressing and Do& parameters are assigned when it is #irst esta6lished$ Thus< when the network comes to use the connections there are no additional delays< caused 6y per#orming esta6lishment procedures$
Node
(Ps ALCAP N AP N AP
&NC
ALCAP (Ps
AAL2
AAL5
AAL5
AAL5
AAL5
AAL2
ATM
ATM
ATM
ATM
ATM
ATM
P7C P7C S7C

Fi%ure 1 T$e Iu/ Inter#a"e Virtua0 ,onne"tions
The &witched Virtual Circuit 0&VC1 is a dynamic connection on demand #rom the network< or 6y a user$ The &ignalling protocol used to esta6lish the &VC is /7C/P< which re;uires its own PVC #or its signalling$ The 6oxes entitled GFPsH 0Frame Protocols1 carry user plane data and control #rames over the //7 connection that is esta6lished 6y /7C/P$ The N3/P entities also are passed over a PVC as it is in constant use$ Figure ' shows the trans#er o# signalling messages and primitives 6etween the di##erent network entities< re;uired to esta6lish the //7 6earer over the 4u6 inter#ace$
4.1.1
Si%na00in% ,onne"tion ,ontro0 9art )S,,9+

&CCP is used to trans#er signalling messages on the 4u and 4ur inter#aces$ &CCP running over //7* esta6lishes one connection per ,9 #or each inter#ace$ &CCP has two modes< connectionless and connection orientated$ 3e#ore a connection is esta6lished< messages can 6e sent over an inter#ace in connectionless mode$ The ,N4TD/T/ message container is used to transport the connectionless messages over the inter#ace and does not re;uire any esta6lishment signalling$ 4n connection orientated mode a connection has to 6e esta6lished 6e#ore any data can 6e transmitted$ The initial 9&T/374&:-9NT 29D,9&T message carries the #irst o# the connectionCorientated messages over the inter#ace$ This re;uest message< which is also a container< ;uickly acknowledges the connection$ -essages can then 6e sent over the connection until the connection is no longer re;uired< then signalling has to 6e transmitted which tears down the connection$
,-T& &ignalling Flow Diagrams (
Node
:2 &adio Link Setup &e+uest
&NC
NBAP
22 &adio Link Setup &esponse . inding )d ; Transport Layer Address0
NBAP
=2 inding )d <2 "sta#lishment &e+uest . inding )d ; Transport Layer Address0
42 inding )d ; Transport Layer Address
ALCAP
52 "sta#lishment &e+uest
ALCAP
Fi%ure ! Iu/ Messa%e Trans#er #or S;it"$e( Virtua0 ,onne"tion 5sta/0is$*ent
4.2 4.1.1
Functionality of UTRAN
The #ollowing sections give a 6rie# list o# the main roles o# the ,T2/N e;uipment$
Fun"tiona0it. o# t$e No(e 2

Transmission and reception over the ,u and the 4u6 inter#ace$ 9sta6lishment o# a CD-/ physical channel and the coding$ -ultipath com6ining using a rake receiver$ /ddition and 2emoval o# the F9C applied #or transmission over the 2adio inter#ace$ Closed 7oop Power control to individual ,9 0Thresholds set 6y the 2NC entity1 Cell 3roadcast #unctionality$
4.1.1
Fun"tiona0it. o# t$e RN,

2adio channel ciphering and deciphering$ ,nlike G&-< Ciphering is not in the physical layer and is terminated at the ,9 and 2NC$ &ome -o6ility -anagement used #or handover control$ 3roadcast and -ulticast$ ,T2/N 4nitiated Paging$ &etting Power Control Thresholds$ &elective com6ining #rom multiple Node 3$ &plitting messages #rom the CN so that they can 6e transmitted #rom multiple Node 3s to a single ,9$
4.3
Interfaces
4n ,-T& the ,T2/N is #ormed #rom 2NCs< Node 3s and their de#ined inter#aces$ /n 2NC is the ,-T& e;uivalent o# a G&- 3&C< 6ut has greater #unctionality$ 8ne o# the main di##erences 6etween ,-T& 02elease ++1 and G&- 02elease ++1 is that there is an 4ur inter#ace interconnecting multiple 2NCs$ This additional inter#ace permits the 2NCs to communicate with each other allowing so#t handover 0not present in G&-1$ /nother di##erence 6etween G&- and ,-T& is some o# the -o6ility -anagement 0--1 has 6een moved to the 2NC #rom the Core Network allowing ,T2/N initiated paging$ The 2NC has greater control over a group o# cells and the #unctionality allows so#t handover$ The 4uCC& inter#ace 6etween the -&C and the 2NC is governed 6y the 2/N/P protocol over an &CCP connection$ This inter#ace uses //7 #or the ,ser Plane and it uses //7* #or the control plane$ The //7* only has to 6e esta6lished initially when the 2NC is started"restarted$ The 7ogical 4nter#ace 6etween the 2NC and ,9 is governed 6y the 22C protocol and is split into the ,u inter#ace and the 4u6 inter#ace$ The 4u6 inter#ace is governed 6y the N3/P protocol< 6ut also has other #rame protocols running over the inter#ace< which transport the 22C signalling$
4.!.1
T$e Ra(io Inter#a"e )Uu+

The aim o# the radio inter#ace is to pass data 6etween the ,9 and the ,T2/N< as relia6le as possi6le without causing too much inter#erence$ The radio inter#ace should 6e transparent and seamless to the user< passing user data and signalling #lawlessly$ The use o# a multirate codec allows #or degradation o# the radio link 6etween the ,9 and Node 3< without increasing the transmission power$ / larger Forward 9rror Correction 0F9C1 code is applied limiting the e##ect o# errors< 6ut when the 6it rate allocated #or voice codecs is reduced< the sound o# the voice can 6e dehumanised$ 9ach time the rate o# the voice codec is changed< the payload 6eing transmitted 6ack up the network is also e##ected$ /s the payload changes the 6andwidth o# 2adio /ccess 3earer that stretches up to the -&C also has to 6e altered$
4.!.1
T$e Iu/ Inter#a"e

This inter#ace carries protocols 6etween the Node 3 and the 2NC$ Frame Protocols 0FP1 are used to trans#er Transport Channel user plane in#ormation over the 4u6$ 9ach FP has itIs own &VC and i# the FP is #or common resources then they are esta6lished during the Node 3 setCup phase$ The Frame Protocols that map to Dedicated Channels are esta6lished on demand 6y the &2NC$ 4n addition signalling across this inter#ace also takes place to govern the operations and maintenance o# the Node 3$
+
CC / MM RRC ALCAP ALCAP RLC Q215 !2 Q215 !2 MAC NBAP NBAP M3uA MTP3-b MTP3-b M3uA SCCP SCCP RANAP RANAP
CC / MM
RRC
RLC
MAC
"
SSCF NNI SSCF NNI SCTP
FP FP
IP SSCOP SSCOP
SSCF NNI
SSCF NNI
SCTP
SSCOP
SSCOP
IP
L1 AAL2 AAL5 AAL5
L1 AAL2 AAL5 AAL5
Fi%ure 4 5<a*&0e 9roto"o0 Sta": o# A""ess Stratu*

ATM ATM ATM
ATM
UE )u# )nterface
1u )nterface
Node B
RNC
)u )nterface
MSC
n2#2 The use of height in this diagram is not a representation of layer ; protocol termination may %ary slightly depending on TC!2 for use on the roadcast Channel . C!02
> Some MAC?&LC?&&C functionality e,ists in the Node
4.!.!
T$e Iur Inter#a"e

The 4ur supports the same FP as the 4u6< such that any 2NC can 6e logically connected to any Node 3< through the extension o# the FP along the 4ur inter#ace$ /lthough< the common channel FP are esta6lished when re;uired along the 4ur< and not at power up as on the 4u6 inter#ace$ The signalling is governed 6y &CCP connection orientated services and does not use another dedicated //7 signalling 6earer as on the 4u6 4nter#ace$ The 4ur inter#ace is used in so#t handover scenarios and when the &2NC o# a connection is not the C2NC and there#ore in#ormation needs to 6e ac;uired 4nterC 2NC$
4.!.4
T$e Iu Inter#a"e
The 4u inter#ace may connect to two distinct domains< the Packet &witched 0P&1 domain via the 4uCP& and the Circuit &witched 0C&1 domain via the 4uCC&$ 8n the 4uCC&< the control plane is again transported over &CCP on //7*$ This also includes the N/& messaging that passes transparently through the Control Plane on the 4u 4nter#ace$ Jhile the ,ser Plane is again mapped onto //7 $ 8n the 4uCP&< the control plane is mapped to &CCP 6ut this can 6e carried on 4P$ 4n the user plane the signalling is mapped to 4P which runs over //7*$ /s //7 is not used in the implementation o# the P& domain there is no need #or the /7C/P protocol$
4.4
Protocols
The signalling protocol stack illustrates how the di##erent nodes communicate at di##erent layers$ For the ,9 Call Control 0CC1 to communicate with the CC o# the Network all the lower layers have to already 6e esta6lished$ / message passing 6etween the -&C and the ,9 has to pass transparently through the 2NC and Node 3$ The Direct Trans#er 0DT1 message carrier< part o# the 2/N/P protocol< moves the message over the 4u inter#ace$ The message is passed to the 22C protocol and this uses Downlink Direct Trans#er 0D7DT1 to move the message 6etween the 2NC and ,9$ /ll the 22C messages are split into two sections< the part that travels over the 4u6 4nter#ace 6etween the 2NC"Node 3 and the part that travels over the ,u inter#ace< 6etween the Node 3 and ,9$ The 4u6 inter#ace 6etween the 2NC and Node 3 uses the Dedicated Channel Frame Protocol 0DC:CFP1 #or transporting the dedicated channel messages and 2andom /ccess Frame Protocol and Forward /ccess Frame Protocol 02/C:CFP B F/C:CFP1 #or transporting the common channels 0these are indicated 6y the FP 6ox in the diagram1$
1!
The 2/C:CFP and the F/C:CFP are used to transport the 2/C: and F/C: messages 6etween the Node 3 and 2NC< when on the 4u6 inter#ace$ The /Ttransport mediums #or the 2/C:CFP"F/C:CFP are esta6lished and con#igured manually when the Node 3 is #irst initiated and is speci#ic to the Node 3$ The Virtual Circuit 0VC1 needed to carry the DC:CFP is esta6lished dynamically 6y the 2NC when a dedicated channel is re;uired #or a ,9$ 9ach DC: is assigned its own VC< which is esta6lished and released upon re;uirement$ The 4ur inter#ace< 6etween the 2NCs< is governed 6y the 2N&/P protocol and may 6e used when signalling is re;uired 6etween two 2NCs$
4.4.1
T$e Ra(io Resour"e ,ontro0 )RR,+ 9roto"o0

The 2adio 2esource Control Protocol operates 6etween the ,9 and 2NC and is transported over the 2adio inter#ace$ Typical #unctions o# the 22C include@ Trans#er o# N/& messaging and Data$ 9sta6lishment and 2elease o# the 22C connection$ Control o# ciphering$ Paging$ 4nitial Cell &election$
The -/C layer controls the mapping o# logical channels to transport channels$
&LC Su#layer Logical Channel SAPs
CC!
PCC!
$CC!
CCC!
CTC!
$TC!
MAC Su# Layer
C!
PC!
CPC!
&AC!
(AC!
$SC!
$C!
Transport Channel SAPs
Physical Channel
Fi%ure 5 A Re&resentation o# t$e Ma&&in% /et;een Trans&ort ,$anne0 an( Lo%i"a0 ,$anne0 SA9
11
4.4.1.1
Transport Channels
Transport Channels can 6e generally classi#ied into one o# two groups@ Common transport channels< which use in6and ,9 identi#ication and each transmission is addressed to a particular ,9$ Dedicated transport channels< where the ,9s are identi#ied 6y the physical channel$ e$g$ code and #re;uency #or FDD$
4.4.1.1.1
,o**on ,$anne0s The 2andom /ccess C:annel 02/C:1 is a contention 6ased uplink channel used #or transmission o# relatively small amounts o# data< e$g$ #or initial access or nonCrealCtime dedicated control or tra##ic data$ The Forward /ccess C:annel 0F/C:1 is a Common downlink channel without closedCloop power control and is used #or transmission o# relatively small amount o# data e$g$ call esta6lishment signalling$ The Paging Channel 0PC:1 is a downlink channel used #or 6roadcast o# control in#ormation into an entire cell allowing e##icient ,9 sleep mode procedures$ The 3roadcast Channel 03C:1 is used to transmit low #ixed 6it rate downlink multicast messages to the ,9$
4.4.1.1.1
De(i"ate( ,$anne0s The Dedicated Channel 0DC:1 is a channel committed to one ,9 used in uplink or downlink communications$ The DC: has an associated control channel called the DCC:$ The Dedicated channels have #ast power control and this reduces the inter#erence to other ,9$ The Dedicated Channels have varia6le 6andwidth and this can 6e altered ;uickly within a transmission$
4.4.1.2 The Lo ical Channels

/ll logical Channels are o# either type Control or Transport$ The Control Channels only carry in#ormation #or the control plane< whereas the Transport Channels only pass in#ormation #or the ,ser Plane$ The -/C layer is responsi6le #or mapping o# logical channels onto the appropriate transport channels$ Network resources and network implementation a##ect the way the -/C layer maps the channels$
The 2adio 7ink Control 027C1 entity deals with the mode o# transmission< 0as indicated in the triangular 6rackets GK LH on the 22C signals in the signalling diagrams1 the modes are Transparent -ode< ,nacknowledged -ode and /cknowledged -ode$ 9ach o# the 22C messages can 6e mapped to one o# these modes depending on the type o# operation$ The mode o# the 2adio 7ink Control 027C1 in#luences the 22C protocol$ Transparent -ode 0T-1 indicates that the 27C layer Must passes the #rame through without any e##ect< includes segmentation and a transmission 6u##er$ ,nacknowledged -ode 0,-1< as its name indicates< does not acknowledge #rames 6ut the #rame does contain an 27C header and supports concatenation< as well as per#orming segmentation and transmission 6u##ering$ /cknowledged -ode 0/-1 indicates that the 27C acknowledges each #rame< so a large 6u##er may 6e needed at high data rates$ The /module also completes concatenation< segmentation< #low control and error correction$
4.4.1
T$e No(e 2 A&&0i"ation 9art )N2A9+

The N3/P protocol is transmitted over the 4u6 inter#ace on its own PVC //7* on /T-$ The N3/P procedures can 6e split into two types< common and dedicated$ The common procedures are not related to a particular ,9< where the dedicated procedures are related to a speci#ic ,9 context$ Common Functions o# N3/P include@ Common transport channel esta6lishment< recon#iguration and removal$ 7ogical 8peration and -aintenance resource control$ -easurement handling o# Common Channels$ Dedicated #unctions o# N3/P include@ Dedicated transport channel esta6lishment< recon#iguration and removal$ Downlink power control$ -easurement handling o# dedicated radio channels$ &ome control o# compressed mode operations
4.4.!
T$e Ra(io Net;or: Su/s.ste* A&&0i"ation 9art )RNSA9+

The 2N&/P protocol is mainly used #or@ 3asic mo6ility procedures used in so#t handover and relocation$ Carrying 22C messages< 6ridging the gap 6etween &2NC and C2NC$ 9sta6lishment and release o# dedicated channels 6etween 2NCs< as well as recon#iguration o# existing channels$ 9sta6lishment and release o# common transport channels 6etween 2NCs when re;uired$ Glo6al procedures used in error handling$
1'
4.4.4
T$e Ra(io A""ess Net;or: A&&0i"ation 9art )RANA9+

The 2/N/P protocol is split over the Circuit &witched 0C&1 and Packet &witched 0P&1 4u inter#ace$ Functions o# 2/N/P include@ -anagement o# the 2adio /ccess 3earer 02/31< #rom the Core Network 0CN1 to the Node 3$ Provides a transparent channel #or Non /ccess &tratum &ignalling$ ,sed in 2elocation and :andover$ Transportation o# 7ocation 6ased services to the ,T2/N$ /uditing o# data volumes$ :andling o# &2N& context #orwarding$
/long the packet side o# the 4u inter#ace< 4P is used$ Data is routed at the &G&N at the 4P layer to the 2NC over the 4uCP&$ The Data is then 6u##ered at the &2NC instead o# at the &G&N 0as in a GC&G&N1$ 4# relocation is per#ormed to the network path< the 6u##ered data has to 6e trans#erred #rom the current &2NC to the new &2NC along the 4u inter#ace$
4.4.5
Mo/i0it. Mana%e*ent )MM+ an( ,a00 ,ontro0 ),,+

The -o6ility -anagement 0--1 and Call Control 0CC1 are part o# the Non /ccess &tratum 0N/&1 &ignalling that passes through the ,T2/N$ The main #unction o# the -o6ility -anagement su6layer is to support the mo6ility o# user terminals< such as in#orming the network o# its present location and providing user identity con#identiality$ /ll the -- procedures can only 6e per#ormed i# a 22C connection has 6een esta6lished 6etween the ,9 and the network$ 4# no connection exists the -- su6layer has to initiate the esta6lishment o# a 22C connection$ -ultiple -- connections can share a single 22C connection$ 4n the Call Control 0CC1 protocol< more than one CC entity is de#ined$ 9ach CC entity is independent #rom each other and shall communicate with its corresponding peer entity using its own -- connection< i# one doesnIt exist then a primitive is sent re;uesting the esta6lishment o# a -- connection$ Transaction identi#iers are used to distinguish 6etween data meant #or di##erent CC entities$
1%
4.!
"ia ra# Notation
Physical Channel
.6PT)6NAL0
Logical Channel
Message
&LC Mode
22C
2/C:@ CCC:@ 22C C8NN9CT48N 29D,9&T KT-L
Protocol
22C
&CCP
&CCP C8NN9CT48N 2D > 4N4T4/7 ,9 -9&&/G9 > C- &92V4C9 29D,9&T ? ?
&CCP
Fi%ure 6 5<&0anation o# Si%na00in% Dia%ra* Notation.
The &;uare 6racket indicates a message within a message e$g$ in#ormation #or upper layers$ &o in this case the highest layer message is the C- &92V4C9 2D and this is transported in an 4nitial ,9 message< part o# the 2/N/P protocol$ These messages are transported in the &CCP C8NN9CT48N 2D< which is a lower layer message and is part o# the &CCP protocol$ 4n the signalling diagrams< red dashed arrows indicate messages are needed when then inter#ace 6etween the -&C and the -GJ is standardised$
1*
,a00 5sta/0is$*ent
There are two types o# call esta6lishment procedure< -o6ile 8riginating 0-81 and -o6ile Terminating 0-T1$ 3oth procedures involve the ,9 esta6lishing the connection over the 2adio 4nter#ace$ The mo6ile call esta6lishment procedures assume that the ,9 has recently per#ormed a 7ocation /rea ,pdate 07/,1 procedure< otherwise the 7/, procedure has to 6e completed 6e#ore a call can proceed$ The 7/, procedure would have 6een completed #or a -T case< otherwise the network wouldnIt know what physical area to page in the ,T2/N$
!.1
$o%ile &ri inatin Call Proce'ural &(er(ie)

The -8 call esta6lishment signalling diagrams start with the ,9 having completed a 7/,$ The Visitor 7ocation 2egister 0V721 where the ,9 is registered has already authenticated the ,9Is ,C&4- and also knows the current encryption key$ The &4- can then 6e instantly veri#ied 6y completing the &ecurity -ode procedure using the parameters gathered during the last 7/, procedure$ 8ptionally the network may ask the ,9 #or 4denti#ication< the 4-94< so the network can check this 4-94 against the e;uipment 6lacklist$ The process o# checking the ,ser 4-94 has to 6e completed a#ter ciphering has commenced so not to 6roadcast tracea6le in#ormation in the clear 0plain text1$ 8nce the &ecurity procedures have 6een completed a service can 6e re;uested< which in this case is -8 call esta6lishment$ The control plane is esta6lished and in#ormation a6out this call can 6e passed to the network$ The Network will check that the ,9 is allowed to proceed 6y accepting the re;uest #rom the ,9$ The user plane is then esta6lished and resources are allocated to the su6scri6er$ The -&C waits #or responses #rom the called party 6e#ore connecting the call$ 9ither end can release the call$ /#ter the release has 6een re;uested the physical connection 6etween the ends has to 6e torn down$ /s this document deals with the -o6ile 4nitiated 2elease the ,9 commands the remote end to disconnect and the user plane is removed$ 8nce the user plane has 6een success#ully released the -&C can initiated the release o# the control plane$ The control plane is released in layers< moving progressively down the protocol stack$
1(
1"
Node
&NC
MSC ? 7L&
M-5
&&C
:2 &AC!@ CCC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N &"*1"ST ATMB
&&C
N AP
22 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"*1"ST
N AP
Start &8 42 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"SP6NS"
N AP
N AP
ALCAP
<2 "STA L)S! &"*1"ST .AAL20
ALCAP
ALCAP
52 "STA L)S! C6N()&M .AAL20
ALCAP
$C!'(P
=2 $65NL)N/ SCNC!&6N)SAT)6N
$C!'(P
$C!'(P
32 1PL)N/ SCNC!&6N)SAT)6N
$C!'(P
Start T8
&&C
D2 (AC!@ CCC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N S"T1P A1MB
&&C
L:
F2 )NSCNC! )N$
L:
N AP
:E2 &A$)6 L)N/ &"ST6&" )N$)CAT)6N
N AP
&&C
::2 $CC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N S"T1P C6MPL"T" AAMB
&&C
Fi%ure 7 Mo/i0e Ori%inatin% ,a00 5sta/0is$*ent 9ro"e(ure= 9a%e 1 o# 5.
1)
5.1.1
1$ $ '$ %$
Mo/i0e Ori%inatin% ,a00 5sta/0is$*ent Dia%ra*s
The 22C C8NN9CT48N 29D,9&T message is carried on the CCC: logical channel< which is mapped to the 2/C: transport channel$ The message contains an initial ,9 identity and an 9sta6lishment Cause 49$ The 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29D,9&T message commands the Node 3 to reserve necessary resources and in#orms the Node 3 a6out which 2adio 7ink con#iguration parameters are to 6e used$ The 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9 message carries the 3inding 4D and the Transport 7ayer /ddress used in setting up the /7C/P //7 connection 6etween the Node 3 and 2NC #or the DC: Frame Protocol$ The /7C/P //7 transport medium is initiated 6y the 2NC transmitting an 9&T/374&: 29D,9&T 092D1 message$ This message contains the 3inding 4D and Transport 7ayer /ddress copied #rom the 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9 message$ The 3inding 4D #its into the Path 4denti#ier Field and the Transport 7ayer /ddress is included in the service end point address #ield$ The 8riginating &ignalling association 4denti#ier 08&/41 49 is also included$ The /7C/P //7 connection is completed 6y the Node 3 transmitting an 9&T/374&: C8NF42- 09CF1 message$ The Destination &ignalling /ssociation 4denti#ier 0D&/41 49 is the 8&/4 #rom the 92D message$ The ,plink and Downlink &ynchronisation messages are used to provide in#ormation on the delay 6etween the 2NC and the Node 3< allowing the 2NC to evaluate the timing advance needed when transmitting a #rame on the DC: FP such to arrive in time #or transmitting on the ,u$
*$
($ " )$ 5$ +$
The 22C C8NN9CT48N &9T,P message is transmitted on the CCC: logical channel< which is mapped on to the F/C: transport channel$ This message is sent 6y the network to accept the esta6lishment o# an 22C Connection #or the ,9< assigns the signalling link and provides transport channel in#ormation$ The 7ayer 1 &ENC: 4ND message is passed when synchronisation is achieved and the dedicated channel can 6e used 6etween the ,9 and Node 3$
1!$ The 2/D48 74NN 29&T829 4ND4C/T48N message is to in#orm the 2NC that the dedicated channel has 6een correctly esta6lished$ 11$ The ,9 responds with a 22C C8NN9CT48N &9T,P C8-P79T9 message on the DCC: logical channel mapped to the new dedicated channel$ This message con#irms the esta6lishment o# the 22C connection$
15
1"
&&C
Node
:22 $CC!@ )N)T)AL $T G CM S"&7)C" &"*1"ST H AAMB
&NC
&&C
MSC ? 7L&
M-5
:42 SCCP C6NN"CT)6N &* G )N)T)AL 1" M"SSA-" G CM S"&7)C" &"*1"ST H H SCCP :<2 SCCP C6NN"CT)6N C6N()&M :52 C6MM6N )$
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
&ANAP
&ANAP
&ANAP &&C :32 $CC!@ S"C1&)TC M6$" C6MMAN$ AAMB &&C
:=2 S"C1&)TC M6$" C6MMAN$
&ANAP
:D2 $CC!@ S"C1&)TC M6$" C6MPL"T" AAMB &&C &&C &ANAP :F2 S"C1&)TC M6$" C6MPL"T" &ANAP
&ANAP &&C 2:2 $CC!@ $L$T G )$"NT)TC &"*1"ST H AAMB .)M")0 &&C
2E2 $T G )$"NT)TC &"*1"ST H .)M")0
&ANAP
&&C
222 $CC!@ 1L$T G )$"NT)TC &"SP6NS" H AAMB .)M")0
&&C &ANAP 242 $T G )$"NT)TC &"SP6NS" H .)M")0 &ANAP
&&C
2<2 $CC!@ 1L$T G S"T1P H AAMB
&&C 252 $T G S"T1P H &ANAP &ANAP 2=2 )N)T)AL $P 232 $T G CALL P&6C""$)N- H &ANAP &ANAP
2D2 $CC!@ $L$T G CALL P&6C""$)N- H AAMB &&C &&C
1+
1 $ " 1'
The #irst message 6etween the ,9 and -&C has to esta6lish the connections to tunnel messages transparently 6etween the ,9 and -&C$ ,plink and Downlink Direct Trans#er 0,7DT B D7DT1 are used as message carriers 6etween the ,9 and 2NC and are esta6lished with the 4N4T4/7 D429CT T2/N&F92 message$ The &CCP C8NN9CT48N 2D message is used to esta6lish the transport medium 6etween the 2NC and -&C$ The Direct Trans#er message carrier 6etween the 2NC and -&C is esta6lished with the transmission o# the 4N4T4/7 ,9 message$ The #irst message 6etween the ,9 and the -&C is the C- &92V4C9 29D,9&T message and is passed through whilst the &CCP connection is 6eing setCup$ The C&92V4C9 29D,9&T message contains a re;uest 6y the ,9 #or a particular service type #rom its peer entity in the network and also contains ,9 capa6ilities re;uired 6y the core network to allocate encryption and integrity algorithms$
1%$ The &CCP C8NN9CT48N C8NF42- message is the /cknowledgement o# the &CCP C8NN9CT48N 2D message and contains source and destination local identi#iers$ The &CCP C8NN9CT48N C8NF42- message can contain the C8--8N 4D< 0or another connection orientated 2/N/P message in the user data #ield1 6ut they are transmitted separately to stop delays while waiting #or T-&4 to 4-&4 conversion$
1*$ The C8--8N 4D message is used to in#orm the 2NC o# the 4-&4$ The 2NC will use this in#ormation #or paging coCordination o# connections #rom -&C and &G&Ns$ C The su6se;uent messages going 6etween the ,9 and the -&C are carried 6y ,P74NN and D8JN74NN D429CT T2/N&F92 messages 0,7DT B D7DT1 over the 22C and carried 6y Direct Trans#er 0DT1 messages over the 4u 4nter#ace$
1($ The &9C,24TE -8D9 C8--/ND message speci#ies which ciphering and integrity protection algorithms can 6e used 6y the ,T2/N$ 1)$ The &9C,24TE -8D9 C8--/ND message transmitted on the DCC: 6y the ,T2/N to start ciphering and"or integrity protection parameters$ 15$ The &9C,24TE -8D9 C8-P79T9 message is sent 6y the ,9 to con#irm the recon#iguration o# ciphering and"or integrity protection$ 1+$ The &9C,24TE -8D9 C8-P79T9 message passed over the 4u inter#ace includes the chosen integrity protection and encryption algorithms$ !$ " 1$ $ " '$ %$ " *$ The optional 4D9NT4TE 29D,9&T message that is passed 6etween the -&C and the ,9 re;uests the 4nternational -o6ile 9;uipment 4dentity 04-941 #rom the ,9$ The 4D9NT4TE 29&P8N&9 message contains the 4-94 o# the ,9$ This message has to 6e sent a#ter the ciphering and"or encryption has 6een initiated to maintain user privacy$ There are two types o# &9T,P message< the &9T,P message and the 9-92G9NCE &9T,P message$ The 9-92G9NCE &9T,P message has higher priority within the network$ The &9T,P messages will contain all the in#ormation re;uired 6y the network to process the call$ 4n particular< the &9T,P message shall contain the called party address in#ormation and 6earer capa6ilities o# the ,9$
($ The -&C"gsm&&F at this point may communicate to the C/-97 &erver or to an 4ntelligent Node 04N1 with an 4N4T4/7 DP message$ )$ " 5$ The network sends the C/77 P28C99D4NG message to the calling mo6ile station to indicate that the re;uested call esta6lishment in#ormation has 6een received< and no more call esta6lishment in#ormation will 6e accepted$ The -&C checks i# the ,9 3earer capa6ilities are compati6le with the Networks$ The ,9 is in#ormed which 6earer to use when compati6le and is reMected when incompati6le$
1"
Node
&NC
MSC ? 7L&
M-5
2F2 )N$)N- )$I SP""C! C6$"C TCP"I PA&TC &61T" &ANAP ALCAP ALCAP 442 &A$)6 L)N/ &"C6N()- P&"PA&" N AP N AP ALCAP ALCAP N AP &&C 4<2 &A$)6 L)N/ &"C6N()- &"A$C 452 "STA L)S! &"*1"ST .AAL20 4=2 "STA L)S! C6N()&M .AAL20 432 &A$)6 L)N/ &"C6N()- C6MM)T N AP N AP ALCAP ALCAP N AP &&C &ANAP &&C <E2 $CC!@ &A$)6 "A&"& S"T1P C6MPL"T" AAMB &&C 4F2 &A ASS)-NM"NT &"SP6NS" &ANAP )S1P <:2 )AM 4E2 &A ASS)-NM"NT &"*1"ST &ANAP ALCAP ALCAP
4:2 "STA L)S! &"*1"ST . AAL2 0 422 "STA L)S! C6N()&M . AAL2 0
4D2 $CC!@ &A$)6 "A&"& S"T1P AAMB
<22 ACM )S1P &ANAP <<2 $CC!@ $L$T G AL"&T)N- H AAMB &&C &&C &ANAP &&C &&C <32 $CC!@ $L$T G C6NN"CT H AAMB <F2 $CC!@ 1L$T G C6NN"CT AC/ H AAMB &&C &&C &ANAP 5E2 $T G C6NN"CT AC/ H &ANAP <=2 $T G C6NN"CT H )S1P &ANAP <D2 6P"N C6NN"CT)6N <42 $T G AL"&T)N- H &ANAP <52 ANS
Fi%ure 9 Mo/i0e Ori%inatin% ,a00 5sta/0is$*ent 9ro"e(ure= 9a%e ! o# 5.
+$ '!$
3inding 4D< &peech Code Type and 3 Party 2oute needs to 6e passed 6etween the -&C and the -edia Gateway 0-GJ1< so the transport channel #or the voice call can 6e esta6lished$ The 2/3 /&&4GN-9NT 29D,9&T message can 6e sent 6y the -&C to re;uest the esta6lishment< modi#ication or release o# one or more 2/3s #or the same ,9$ 4n this case it is sent to esta6lish a 2adio /ccess 3earer 02/31 6etween the -GJ and the ,9$ The 29D,9&T message contains the 3inding 4D and the Transport 7ayer /ddress needed to esta6lish the //7 connection 6etween the 2NC and the -GJ$ The /7C/P //7 transport medium is initiated 6y the 2NC transmitting an 9&T/374&: 29D,9&T 092D1 message$ This message contains the 3inding 4D and Transport 7ayer /ddress 49 included in the 2/3 /&&4GN-9NT 29D,9&T message$ The 3inding 4D #its into the Path 4denti#ier Field and the Transport 7ayer /ddress is included in the service end point address #ield$ The 8riginating &ignalling /ssociation 4denti#ier 08&/41 is also included$ The /7C/P //7 connection is completed 6y the -GJ transmitting an 9&T/374&: C8NF42- 09CF1 message$ The Destination &ignalling /ssociation 4denti#ier 0D&/41 49 is the 8&/4 49 #rom the 92D message$ The 2/D48 74NN 29C8NF4G,2/T48N P29P/29 message is used to prepare a new con#iguration o# all radio links related to one ,9C,T2/N connection within a Node 3$ ,pon reception< the Node 3 will reserve necessary resources #or the new con#iguration o# the radio link0s1 according to the parameters given in the message$ The Node 3 transmits the 2/D48 74NN 29C8NF4G,2/T48N 29/DE message to the 2NC< when the re;uired resources #or the new con#iguration o# the 27 have 6een reserved$ The 2/D48 74NN 29C8NF4G,2/T48N 29/DE message contains the 3inding 4D and the Transport 7ayer$ The /7C/P //7 transport medium is initiated 6y the 2NC transmitting an 9&T/374&: 29D,9&T 092D1 message$ This message contains the 3inding 4D and Transport 7ayer /ddress 49 included in the 2/D48 74NN 29C8NF4G,2/T48N 29/DE message$ The 3inding 4D is #its into the Path 4denti#ier Field and the Transport 7ayer /ddress is included in the service end point address #ield$ This //7 Virtual Circuit 0VC1 is in addition to the already esta6lished signalling VC$ The /7C/P //7 connection is completed 6y the Node 3 transmitting an 9&T/374&: C8NF42- 09CF1 message$ The D&/4 is the 8&/4 #rom the 92D message$ The 2/D48 74NN 29C8NF4G,2/T48N C8--4T message is used to order the Node 3 to switch to the new con#iguration #or the 27$ The new con#iguration is already supplied 6y the 2/D48 74NN 29C8NF4G,2/T48N P29P/29 message$ The 2/D48 39/292 &9T,P message is sent 6y the 2NC to the ,9 to esta6lish new radio 6earers$ The 2/3 /&&4GN-9NT 29&P8N&9 message is sent 6y the 2NC to report the outcome o# the re;uest #rom the 2/3 /&&4GN-9NT 29D,9&T message$ Jhen the ,T2/N has received the 2/D48 39/292 &9T,P C8-P79T9 message< the ,T2/N may delete any old con#iguration$ The 4N4T4/7 /DD29&& -9&&/G9 04/-1 message is sent 6y the -&C to an 4nterworking -&C " P&TN$ The message contains the 3 Party Num6er and in#ormation used to set up the call$ The /DD29&& C8-P79T9 -9&&/G9 0/C-1 is sent 6y the 4nterworking -&C as an acknowledgement to the -&C that the remote address has 6een contacted"ringing$ /n /792T4NG message is passed #rom the -&C to the ,9< to in#orm the ,9 to indicate that alerting at the called userIs end has 6een initiated$
'1$
' $ ''$ '%$ '*$
'($ ')$ '5$ '+$ %!$ %1$ % $

%'$ " %%$
%*$ The /N&J92 0/N&1 message indicates that the called user has answered the call$ %($ " %)$ The C8NN9CT message is sent to the ,9 to indicate call acceptance 6y the called user$
%5$ The Tra##ic Channel #rom the 2NC and the Tra##ic Channel #rom the G-&C has to 6e through connected in the -GJ as soon as the 4&,P /N& message is returned$ %+$ " *!$ The C8NN9CT /CNN8J79DG9 message acknowledges the C8NN9CT message$
1"
Node
5:2 $CC!@ 1L$T G $)SC6NN"CT H AAMB
&NC
MSC ? 7L&
M-5
&&C
&&C 522 $T G $)SC6NN"CT H &ANAP &ANAP 542 &"L
)S1P &ANAP &&C &&C 552 $CC!@ $L$T G &"L"AS" H AAMB 5=2 $CC!@ 1L$T G &"L"AS" C6MPL"T" H AAMB &&C &ANAP 532 $T G &"L"AS" C6MPL"T" H &ANAP &&C 5<2 $T G &"L"AS" H &ANAP
5D2 CL6S" C6NN"CT)6N 5F2 )u &"L"AS" C6MMAN$
&ANAP =E2 $CC!@ &A$)6 "A&"& &"L"AS" A1MB
&ANAP
&&C
&&C =:2 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST . AAL2 0
ALCAP
ALCAP
ALCAP
=22 &"L"AS" C6N()&M . AAL2 0
ALCAP
&&C
=<2 $CC!@ &A$)6 "A&"& &"L"AS" C6MPL"T" A1MB
&&C
=42 CL6S" C6NN"CT)6N AC/
&&C
=52 $CC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N &"L"AS" A1MB
&&C
*uick &epeat
==2 )u &"L"AS" C6MPL"T"
&ANAP
&ANAP
'
*1$ " * $
The D4&C8NN9CT message is sent #rom the ,9 when the user ends the call$ The message includes a Cause 4n#ormation 9lement 0491 that gives the network a reason #or the end o# call$
*'$ The 2979/&9 02971 message sent #rom the -&C to remote user is triggered 6y the D4&C8NN9CT message$ *%$ " **$ *($ " *)$ The 2979/&9 message is sent to the ,9 #rom the -&C indicating that the 7ayer ' connection is to 6e torn down$ The 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message is returned 6y the ,9 Must 6e#ore it releases the corresponding connection$
*5$ The GC78&9 C8NN9CT48NH message 6etween the -&C and the -GJ indicates to the -GJ to release the connection 6etween itsel# and the 4nterworking -&C$ *+$ The 4u 2979/&9 C8--/ND message is sent 6y the CN to order 2NC to release all resources related to the 4u connection$ The 2/3 /&&4GN-9NT 2D could 6e used to release the 2/3 and not release the whole 4u inter#ace$ 3oth these messages contain the in#ormation needed to release the //7 connection$ (!$ The 2/D48 39/292 2979/&9 message instructs the ,9 on the radio access 6earer release$ (1$ The /7C/P //7 connection is terminated when 2979/&9 29D,9&T 02971 message is transmitted 6etween the 2NC and -GJ$ The message contains a Cause 49< to in#orm the remote end o# the reason #or the release$ ( $ The -GJ returns a 2979/&9 C8NF42- 027C1 message to acknowledge the connection termination$ ('$ The -GJ has to acknowledge to the -&C the GC78&9 C8NN9CT48NH message has 6een completed 6y sending a GC78&9 C8NN9CT48N C8-P79T9H message$ (%$ The 2/D48 39/292 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message acknowledges the release re;uest$ (*$ Jhen the 4u connection is released 6y the -&C< the 2NC initiates the termination o# the connection 6etween the 2NC and the ,9$ This termination is started 6y the 2NC repeatedly transmitting an 22C C8NN9CT48N 2979/&9 message$ The connection release can 6e transmitted on the DCC:< as the DC: Frame Protocol has not 6een removed$ (($ The 4u 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message indicates to the -&C that the 4u has 6een released success#ully$ This message includes a report on the 2/3$
1"
Node
&NC
=32 SCCP &"L"AS"$
MSC ? 7L&
M-5
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
=D2 SCCP &"L"AS" C6MPL"T"
SCCP
&&C
=F2 $CC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N &"L"AS" C6MPL"T" A1MB
&&C
*uick &epeat
)S1P
3E2 &"L
N AP
3:2 &A$)6 L)N/ $"L"T)6N &"*1"ST
N AP
N AP
322 &A$)6 L)N/ $"L"T)6N &"SP6NS"
N AP
ALCAP ALCAP
342 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST. AAL2 0 3<2 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST . AAL2 0
ALCAP ALCAP
352 &"L"AS" C6N()&M . AAL2 0 ALCAP ALCAP 3=2 &"L"AS" C6N()&M . AAL2 0 ALCAP ALCAP
()$ The &CCP connection is released 6y the &CCP 2979/&9D message #rom the -&C to the 2NC< when the -&C realises that the connection is no longer re;uired$ (5$ The &CCP 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message is the acknowledgement to the 2979/&9D message$ (+$ The ,9 replies to the 22C C8NN9CT48N 2979/&9 message with an 22C C8NN9CT48N 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message< which is repeated a #ew times in ;uick succession$ )!$ The 4&,P 2979/&9 02971 message is returned at some time< 6y the network when the connection is success#ully released$ )1$ The 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29D,9&T message sent 6y the 2NC to release the resources in a Node 3 #or one or more esta6lished 27s towards a ,9$ ,pon receipt o# this message< the Node 3 shall delete the 27s identi#ied in the message and release all associated resources$ ) $ /#ter the Node 3 has released the resources as re;uested< the Node 3 responds to the 2NC with a 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message$ )'$ " )%$ The /7C/P //7 connections can 6e deleted once the 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message has 6een returned to the 2NC$ The 27 D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message indicates the 27 has 6een success#ully removed and the DC: FP and Tra##ic Channel are no longer re;uired$ The //7 connections are deleted 6y transmitting one 2979/&9 29D,9&T 02971 message #or each //7 connection$ The 2979/&9 C8NF42- 027C1 messages can 6e returned in any order #rom the Node 3< Must to acknowledge each //7 connection release$
)*$ " )($
!.2
$o%ile Ter#inatin Call Proce'ural &(er(ie)

The -o6ile Terminating 0-T1 Call 9sta6lishment signalling diagrams starts with the ,ser 9;uipment 0,91 6eing paged #rom the core network$ The Visitor 7ocation 2egister 0V721 where the ,9 is registered has already authenticated the ,9Is &4- and also knows the current encryption key and more importantly current paging location$ The &4- can then 6e instantly veri#ied a#ter a connection re;uest< 6y completing the &ecurity -ode procedure using the parameters gathered during the last 7/, procedure$ 8ptionally the network may re;uest the ,9 #or 4denti#ication 04-941< so the network can check this 4-94 against the e;uipment 6lacklist$ The process o# checking the ,ser 9;uipment identity has to 6e completed a#ter ciphering has commenced so not to 6roadcast possi6ly tracea6le in#ormation$ 8nce the &ecurity procedures have 6een completed a service can 6e re;uested< in this case -T Call 9sta6lishment$ The Control Plane is esta6lished and in#ormation a6out this call can 6e passed to the including the paging response$ The Network then initiates the esta6lishment o# a new ,ser Plane$ 8nce the resources are ac;uired the -&C waits #or responses #rom the called user and the call can 6e connected upon response$ The call can 6e released #or either end and at this point the physical connection 6etween the ends has to 6e torn down$ /s this document deals with the Network 4nitiated release the -&C commands the remote end to disconnect and the user plane is removed$ 8nce the user plane has 6een success#ully released the -&C can initiated the release o# the control plane$ The control plane is released in layers< moving progressively down the protocol stack$
1"
Node
&NC
MSC ? 7L&
M-5
:2 )AM
)S1P &ANAP &&C 42 PC!@ PCC!@ PA-)N- TCP" : ATMB &&C 22 PA-)N&ANAP
&&C
<2 &AC!@ CCC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N &"*1"ST ATMB
&&C
N AP Start &8 N AP
52 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"*1"ST
N AP
=2 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"SP6NS"
N AP
ALCAP
32 "STA L)S!M"NT &"*1"ST .AAL20
ALCAP
ALCAP
D2 "STA L)S!M"NT C6N()&M .AAL20
ALCAP
$C!'(P
F2 $65NL)N/ SCNC!&6N)SAT)6N
$C!'(P
$C!'(P
:E2 1PL)N/ SCNC!&6N)SAT)6N
$C!'(P
Start T8 ::2 (AC!@ CCC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N S"T1P A1MB
&&C L:
&&C
:22 SCNC! )N$
L: :42 &A$)6 L)N/ &"ST6&" )N$)CAT)6N
N AP
N AP
&&C
:<2 $CC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N S"T1P C6MPL"T" AAMB
&&C
Fi%ure 11 Mo/i0e Ter*inatin% ,a00 5sta/0is$*ent 9ro"e(ure= 9a%e 1 o# 5.
5.1.1
1$ $ '$
Mo/i0e Ter*inatin% ,a00 5sta/0is$*ent Dia%ra*s

The 4N4T4/7 /DD29&& -9&&/G9 04/-1 message is received 6y the -&C #rom an 4nterworking -&C$ The P/G4NG message is passed 6etween the -&C and the 2NC over the &CCP Connectionless protocol$ The P/G4NG TEP9 1 message is used to send in#ormation on the paging channel$ 8ne or several ,9s< in idle or connected mode< can 6e paged in one message$ Jhen each ,9 receives a paging message it checks the 4n#ormation 9lements 0491 contained in the message to #ind itIs own 4-&4 or T-&4$ 9ach 4-&4"T-&4 included in the message includes an associated P/G4NG C/,&9$
%$ *$ ($ )$
The 22C C8NN9CT48N 29D,9&T message is carried on the CCC: logical channel< which is mapped to the 2/C: transport channel$ The message contains an 4nitial ,9 identity and an 9sta6lishment cause 0replying to paging1$ The 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29D,9&T message commands the Node 3 to reserve necessary resources and in#orms the Node 3 a6out which 27 con#iguration parameters are to 6e used$ The 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9 message carries the 3inding 4D and the Transport 7ayer /ddress used in setting up the /7C/P //7 connection 6etween the Node 3 and 2NC #or the DC: Frame Protocol$ The /7C/P //7 transport medium is initiated 6y the 2NC transmitting an 9&T/374&: 29D,9&T 092D1 message$ This message contains the 3inding 4D and Transport 7ayer /ddress copied #rom the 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9 message$ The 3inding 4D #its into the Path 4denti#ier Field and the Transport 7ayer /ddress 49 is included in the service end point address #ield$ The 8riginating &ignalling association 4denti#ier 08&/41 49 is also included$ The /7C/P //7 connection is completed 6y the Node 3 transmitting an 9&T/374&: C8NF42- 09CF1 message$ The Destination &ignalling /ssociation 4denti#ier 0D&/41 49 is the 8&/4 49 #rom the 92D message$ The ,P74NN and D8JN74NN &ENC:28N4&/T48N messages are used to provide in#ormation on the delay 6etween the 2NC and the Node 3< allowing the 2NC to evaluate the timing advance needed when transmitting a #rame on the DC: FP such to arrive in time #or transmitting on the ,u$
5$
+$ " 1!$
11$ The 22C C8NN9CT48N &9T,P message is transmitted on the CCC: logical channel< which is mapped on to the F/C: transport channel$ This message is sent 6y the network to accept the esta6lishment o# an 22C Connection #or the ,9< assigns the signalling link and provides transport channel in#ormation$ 1 $ The 7ayer 1 &ENC: 4ND message is passed when synchronisation is achieved and the dedicated channel can 6e used 6etween the ,9 and Node 3$
1'$ The 2/D48 74NN 29&T829 4ND4C/T82 message is to in#orm the 2NC that the dedicated channel has 6een correctly esta6lished$
1%$ The ,9 responds with a 22C C8NN9CT48N &9T,P C8-P79T9 message on the DCC: logical channel$ This message con#irms the esta6lishment o# the 22C connection$
'!
1"
Node
&NC
MSC ? 7L&
M-5
&&C
:52 $CC!@ )N)T)AL $T G PA-)N- &"SP6NS" H AAMB
&&C SCCP SCCP
:=2 SCCP C6NN"CT)6N &* G )N)T)AL 1" M"SSA-" G PA-)N- &"SP6NS" H H :32 SCCP C6NN"CT)6N C6N()&M
SCCP SCCP
&ANAP
:D2 C6MM6N )$
&ANAP
:F2 S"C1&)TC M6$" C6MMAN$ &ANAP 2E2 S"C1&)TC M6$" C6MMAN$ 2:2 S"C1&)TC M6$" C6MPL"T" &ANAP
&&C &&C
&&C &&C 222 S"C1&)TC M6$" C6MPL"T"
&ANAP
&ANAP
242 $T G S"T1P H &ANAP 2<2 $CC!@ $L$T G S"T1P H AAMB &ANAP
&&C
&&C
&&C
252 $CC!@ 1L$T G CALL C6N()&M"$ H AAMB
&&C 2=2 $T G CALL C6N()&M"$ H
&ANAP
&ANAP 232 )N$)N- )$I SP""C! C6$" TCP"I PA&TC &61T"
&ANAP
2D2 &A ASS)-NM"NT &"*1"ST
&ANAP
Fi%ure 1! Mo/i0e Ter*inatin% ,a00 5sta/0is$*ent 9ro"e(ure= 9a%e 1 o# 5.
'1
1*$ " 1($
The #irst message 6etween the ,9 and -&C has to esta6lish the connections to tunnel messages transparently 6etween the ,9 and -&C$ ,plink and Downlink Direct Trans#er 0,7DT B D7DT1 are used as message carriers 6etween the ,9 and 2NC and are esta6lished with the 4N4T4/7 D429CT T2/N&F92 message$ The &CCP C8NN9CT48N 29D,9&T message esta6lishes the transport medium 6etween the -&C and 2NC$ The Direct Trans#er message carrier 6etween the 2NC and -&C is esta6lished with the transmission o# the 4N4T4/7 ,9 message that is contained in the &CCP message$ The #irst message 6etween the ,9 and the -&C is the P/G4NG 29&P8N&9 message and is passed through whilst the &CCP connection is 6eing setCup$ The P/G4NG 29&P8N&9 message is an acknowledgement #or the P/G4NG message< to its peer entity in the network and also contains ,9 capa6ilities re;uired 6y the core network to allocate encryption and integrity algorithms$ The su6se;uent messages going 6etween the ,9 and the -&C are carried 6y ,7DT and D7DT messages over the 22C and carried 6y Direct Trans#er 0DT1 messages over the 4u 4nter#ace$
1)$ The &CCP C8NN9CT48N C8NF42- message is the /cknowledgement o# the &CCP Connection 2D and contains source and destination local identi#iers$ The &CCP C8NN9CT48N C8NF42- message can contain the C8--8N 4D< 0or another connection orientated 2/N/P message in the user data #ield1 6ut they are transmitted separately to stop delays while waiting #or T-&4 to 4-&4 conversion$
15$ The Common 4D is used to in#orm the 2NC o# the 4-&4$ The 2NC will use this in#ormation #or the coCordination o# Paging and Connections #rom -&C and &G&N$ 1+$ The &9C,24TE -8D9 C8--/ND message speci#ies which ciphering< i# any and integrity protection algorithms can 6e used 6y the ,T2/N$ !$ The &9C,24TE -8D9 C8--/ND message transmitted on the DCC: 6y the ,T2/N to start ciphering and"or integrity protection parameters$ 1$ The &9C,24TE -8D9 C8-P79T9 message is sent 6y the ,9 to con#irm the recon#iguration o# ciphering and"or integrity protection$ $ The &9C,24TE -8D9 C8-P79T9 message passed over the 4u inter#ace includes the chosen integrity protection and encryption algorithms$ '$ " %$ The &9T,P message shall contain all the in#ormation re;uired 6y the ,9 to process the call$ ,pon receipt o# a &9T,P message< the ,9 will per#orm compati6ility checking on the contained in#ormation$ The &9T,P message includes the signal in#ormation element< which allows the network to convey in#ormation to a ,9 regarding tones and alerting signals$ The C/77 C8NF42-9D message is an acknowledgement to the &9T,P message$ The message can contain in#ormation a6out the ,9 6earer capa6ilities$
*$ " ($
)$ The 3inding 4D< &peech Code Type and 3 Party 2oute needs to 6e passed 6etween the -&C and the -edia Gateway 0-GJ1< so the transport channel #or the voice call can 6e esta6lished$ 5$ The 2/3 /&&4GN-9NT 29D,9&T message can 6e sent 6y the -&C to re;uest the esta6lishment< modi#ication or release o# one or more 2/3s #or the same ,9$ 4n this case it is sent to esta6lish a 2adio /ccess 3earer 02/31 6etween the -GJ and the ,9$ The 29D,9&T message contains the 3inding 4D and the Transport 7ayer /ddress needed to esta6lish the //7 connection 6etween the 2NC and the -GJ$
'
1"
Node
&NC
ALCAP
MSC ? 7L&
2F2 "STA L)S!M"NT &"*1"ST . AAL2 0
M-5
ALCAP
ALCAP N AP N AP ALCAP 4:2 &A$)6 L)N/ &"C6N()- P&"PA&" 422 &A$)6 L)N/ &"C6N()- &"A$C 442 "STA L)S!M"NT &"*1"ST .AAL20 4<2 "STA L)S!M"NT C6N()&M .AAL20 ALCAP 452 &A$)6 L)N/ &"C6N()- C6MM)T ALCAP N AP N AP ALCAP
4E2 "STA L)S!M"NT C6N()&M . AAL2 0
ALCAP
N AP
N AP
&&C
4=2 $CC!@ &A$)6 "A&"& S"T1P AAMB
&&C &ANAP 432 &A ASS)-NM"NT &"SP6NS" &ANAP
&&C
4D2 $CC!@ &A$)6 "A&"& S"T1P C6MPL"T" AAMB
&&C
&&C
4F2 $CC!@ 1L$T G AL"&T)N- H AAMB
&&C <E2 $T G AL"&T)N- H &ANAP &ANAP <:2 ACM )S1P &&C &ANAP <42 $T G C6NN"CT H &ANAP <<2 6P"N C6NN"CT)6N <=2 $T G C6NN"CT AC/ H &ANAP &ANAP )S1P <32 ANS .C6NN"CT0
&&C
<22 $CC!@ 1L$T G C6NN"CT H AAMB
&&C
<=2 $CC!@ $L$T G C6NN"CT AC/ H AAMB
&&C
Fi%ure 14 Mo/i0e Ter*inatin% ,a00 5sta/0is$*ent 9ro"e(ure= 9a%e ! o# 5.
''
+$ The /7C/P //7 transport medium is initiated 6y the 2NC transmitting an 9&T/374&: 29D,9&T 092D1 message$ This message contains the 3inding 4D and Transport 7ayer /ddress included in the 2/3 /&&4GN-9NT 29D,9&T$ The 3inding 4D #its into the Path 4denti#ier Field and the Transport 7ayer /ddress is included in the service end point address #ield$ The 8riginating &ignalling /ssociation 4denti#ier 08&/41 is also included$ '!$ The /7C/P //7 connection is completed 6y the -GJ transmitting an 9&T/374&: C8NF42- 09CF1 message$ The Destination &ignalling /ssociation 4denti#ier 0D&/41 49 is the 8&/4 #rom the 92D message$ This //7 connection is in addition to the already esta6lished signalling connection$ '1$ The 2/D48 74NN 29C8NF4G,2/T48N P29P/29 message is used to prepare a new con#iguration o# all 27s related to one ,9C,T2/N connection within a Node 3$ ,pon reception< the Node 3 will reserve necessary resources #or the new con#iguration o# the 270s1 according to the parameters given in the message$ ' $ The Node 3 transmits the 2/D48 74NN 29C8NF4G,2/T48N 29/DE message to the 2NC< when the re;uired resources #or the new con#iguration o# the 27 have 6een reserved$ The 2/D48 74NN 29C8NF4G,2/T48N 29/DE message contains the 3inding 4D and the Transport 7ayer$ ''$ The /7C/P //7 transport medium is initiated 6y the 2NC transmitting an 9&T/374&: 29D,9&T 092D1 message$ This message contains the 3inding 4D and Transport 7ayer /ddress included in the 2/D48 74NN 29C8NF4G,2/T48N 29/DE$ The 3inding 4D is #its into the Path 4denti#ier Field and the Transport 7ayer /ddress is included in the service end point address #ield$ '%$ The /7C/P //7 connection is completed 6y the Node 3 transmitting an 9&T/374&: C8NF42- 09CF1$ The D&/4 is the 8&/4 #rom the 92D message$ '*$ The 2/D48 74NN 29C8NF4G,2/T48N C8--4T message is used to order the Node 3 to switch to the new con#iguration #or the 27$ The new con#iguration is already supplied 6y the 2/D48 74NN 29C8NF4G,2/T48N P29P/29 message$ '($ 2/D48 39/292 &9T,P message is sent 6y the 2NC to the ,9 to esta6lish new radio 6earers$ ')$ The 2/3 /&&4GN-9NT 29&P8N&9 message is sent 6y the 2NC to report the outcome o# the re;uest #rom the 2/3 /&&4GN-9NT 29D,9&T message$ '5$ Jhen the ,T2/N has received the 2/D48 39/292 &9T,P C8-P79T9 message < the ,T2/N may delete any old con#iguration$ $ '+$ " %!$ /n /792T4NG message is passed #rom the ,9 to the -&C< to in#orm the -&C that alerting at the called user has 6een initiated$
%1$ The /DD29&& C8-P79T9 -9&&/G9 0/C-1 message is sent to the opposing 4nterworking -&C " P&TN to acknowledge 6y the -&C that remote address has 6een contacted"ringing$ % $ " %'$ The C8NN9CT message is sent 6y the ,9 to indicate call acceptance 6y the user$
%%$ The Tra##ic Channel #rom the 2NC and the Tra##ic Channel #rom the 4nterworking -&C has to 6e through connected in the -GJ as soon as the C8NN9CT message is returned$ %*$ " %($ The C8NN9CT /CNN8J79DG9 message acknowledges the C8NN9CT message to the ,9$
%)$ The /N&J92 0/N&1 message indicates that the called user has answered the call$
'%
1"
Node
&NC
MSC ? 7L&
M-5
<D2 &"L
)S1P <F2 $T G $)SC6NN"CT H &ANAP 5E2 $CC!@ 1L$T G $)SC6NN"CT H AAMB &ANAP
&&C
&&C )S1P 5:2 &"L
&&C
522 $CC!@ $L$T G &"L"AS" H AAMB
&&C 542 $T G &"L"AS" H
&ANAP
&ANAP
&ANAP 552 $CC!@ 1L$T G &"L"AS" C6MPL"T" H AAMB &&C &&C
5<2 $T G &"L"AS" C6MPL"T" H
&ANAP
5=2 CL6S" C6NN"CT)6N 532 )u &"L"AS" C6MMAN$
&ANAP 5D2 $CC!@ &A$)6 "A&"& &"L"AS" AAMB &&C &&C ALCAP
&ANAP
5F2 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST . AAL2 0
ALCAP
ALCAP
=E2 &"L"AS" C6N()&M . AAL2 0
ALCAP
&&C
=:2 $CC!@ &A$)6 "A&"& &"L"AS" C6MPL"T" AAMB
&&C
&&C
=22 $CC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N &"L"AS" A1MB
&&C
*uick &epeat
=<2 )u &"L"AS" C6MPL"T"
=42 CL6S" C6NN"CT)6N AC/
&ANAP
&ANAP
'*
%5$ %+$ " *!$
The 4&,P 2979/&9 02971 message is received #rom the 4nterworking -&C when the connection is to 6e released$ The D4&C8NN9CT message is sent #rom the ,9 when the user ends the call$ The message includes a Cause 49 that gives the network a reason #or the end o# call$
*1$ The 4&,P 2979/&9 02971 message sent #rom the -&C to a 4nterworking -&C to acknowledge the 4nterworking -&C 297 message$ * $ " *'$ *%$ " **$ The 2979/&9 message is sent to the ,9 #rom the -&C indicating that the 7ayer ' connection is to 6e torn down$ The 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message is returned 6y the ,9 Must 6e#ore it releases the corresponding connection$
*($ The GC78&9 C8NN9CT48NH message 6etween the -&C and the -GJ indicates to the -GJ to release the connection 6etween itsel# and the 4nterworking -&C " P&TN$ *)$ The 4u 2979/&9 C8--/ND message is sent 6y the CN to order 2NC to release all resources related to the 4u connection$ The 2/3 /&&4GN-9NT 2D message could 6e used to release the 2/3 and not release the whole 4u inter#ace$ 3oth these messages contain the in#ormation needed to release the //7 connection$ *5$ The 2/D48 39/292 2979/&9 message instructs the ,9 on the radio access 6earer release$ *+$ The /7C/P //7 connection is terminated when 2979/&9 29D,9&T 02971 message is transmitted 6etween the 2NC and -GJ$ The message contains a Cause 49< to in#orm the remote end o# the reason #or the release$ (!$ The -&C returns a 2979/&9 C8NF42- 027C1 message to acknowledge the connection termination$ (1$ The 2/D48 39/292 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message acknowledges the release re;uest$ ( $ Jhen the 4u connection is released 6y the -&C< the 2NC initiates the termination o# the connection 6etween the 2NC and the ,9$ This termination is started 6y the 2NC repeatedly transmitting an 22C C8NN9CT48N 2979/&9 message$ The connection release can 6e transmitted on the DCC:< as the DC: Frame Protocol has not 6een removed$ ('$ The -GJ has to acknowledge to the -&C the GC78&9 C8NN9CT48NH message has 6een completed 6y sending a GC78&9 C8NN9CT48N C8-P79T9H message$ (%$ The 4u 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message indicates to the -&C that the 4u has 6een released success#ully$ This message includes a report on the 2/3$
'(
1"
Node
&NC
=52 SCCP &"L"AS"$
MSC ? 7L&
M-5
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
==2 SCCP &"L"AS" C6MPL"T"
SCCP
&&C
=32 $CC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N &"L"AS" C6MPL"T" A1MB
&&C
*uick &epeat
N AP
=D2 &A$)6 L)N/ $"L"T)6N
N AP
N AP
=F2 &A$)6 L)N/ $"L"T)6N &"SP6NS"
N AP
ALCAP ALCAP
3E2 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST. AAL2 0 3:2 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST . AAL2 0
ALCAP ALCAP
322 &"L"AS" C6N()&M . AAL2 0 ALCAP 342 &"L"AS" C6N()&M . AAL2 0 ALCAP ALCAP ALCAP
')
(*$ The &CCP connection is released 6y the &CCP 2979/&9D message #rom the -&C to the 2NC< when the -&C realises that the connection is no longer re;uired$ (($ The &CCP 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message is the acknowledgement to the 2979/&9D re;uest message$ ()$ The ,9 replies to the 22C C8NN9CT48N 2979/&9 message with an 22C C8NN9CT48N 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message< which is repeated a #ew times in ;uick succession$ (5$ The 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29D,9&T message sent 6y the 2NC to release the resources in a Node 3 #or one or more esta6lished 27s towards a ,9$ ,pon receipt o# this message< the Node 3 shall delete the 27s identi#ied in the message and release all associated resources$ (+$ /#ter the Node 3 has released the resources as re;uested< the Node 3 responds to the 2NC with a 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message$ )!$ " )1$ The /7C/P //7 connections can 6e deleted once the 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message has 6een returned to the 2NC$ The 27 D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message indicates the 27 has 6een success#ully removed and the DC: FP and Tra##ic Channel are no longer re;uired$ The //7 connections are deleted 6y transmitting one 2979/&9 29D,9&T 02971 message #or each //7 connection$ The 2979/&9 C8NF42- 027C1 messages can 6e returned in any order #rom the Node 3< Must to acknowledge each //7 connection release$
) $ " )'$
'5
Lo"ation Mana%e*ent
9ach time the ,9 moves to a new cell it has to transmit itIs #ull uC2NT4 0,T2/N O 2adio Network Temporary 4dentity1 as the cell may 6e controlled 6y a di##erent 2NC$ The controlling 2NC o# the cell will issue the ,9 with a new cC2NT4 and may6e also a uC2NT4$ The cC2NT4 can then 6e used until the ,9 again changes cell$ The cC2NT4 is used 6ecause it is #ar smaller then the uC2NT4< and re;uires less resource to repeatedly transmit$
*.1
Location Area Up'ate

The 7ocation /rea ,pdate Procedure 07/,1 can 6e triggered periodically< or 6y the ,9 moving to a new 7ocation /rea$ Jhen the 7ocation ,pdate re;uest message is sent it indicates which type o# location update the ,9 wishes to per#orm$ 4n the case o# 4nter -&C 7ocation /rea ,pdate ciphering has to 6e completed 6ecause the T-&4 and the ciphering will have to 6e changed$ The last -o6ility -anagement 0--1 message< o# this procedure< sent 6y the network< can allocate a new T-&4 or delete the current T-&4< so the ,9 is only known 6y itIs 4-&4$ Jithin a 7ocation ,pdate procedure the network and the ,9 can re;uest a #urther -- or Call Control 0CC1 procedure< although this #ollowCon re;uest has to 6e accepted 6y the network$
9erio(i" U&(ate 9ro"e(ure

/ timer within the ,9 governs the Periodic ,pdate< the timer is reset each time a -o6ility -anagement connection is success#ul$ The network through system 6roadcasts can set the period o# the periodic update including disa6ling this procedure$ Jhen no network is availa6le the procedure is delayed until service is #ound$ The periodic 7/, procedure can 6e completed on a non ciphered channel as no T-&4 reallocation has to 6e completed$
'+
6utput signal )nput signal $ecision

Ces &ecognise LA)J No .TMS)0
L6CAT)6N 1P$AT" &"*1"ST
The #low diagram is #or illustration purposes< the 8utput signals have acknowledgement or response signals associated 6ut are not shown$ 4n the #ollowing diagrams there are a lot o# greyed signals< which indicate that they are optional$ The #low diagram to the le#t illustrates the options #or these signals$ The options arrive depending whether the V72 o# the &erving -&C knows the 4-&4 o# the ,9$ 4# the 7ocation ,pdate 2e;uest contains the 7ocation /rea 4dentity 07/41 o# another -&C< then the -&C has to retrieve the 4-&4 and /uthentication Vectors #rom the Previous Visitor 7ocation 2egister 0PV721$ The 2etrieval o# this in#ormation is completed using the &9ND 4D9NT4F4C/T48N command< which contains the Temporary -o6ile &u6scri6er 4dentity 0T-&41< the command is acknowledged and this acknowledgement contains the 4-&4 and /uthentication Vectors$ 4# the 7/4 isnIt recognised at the V72 or the T-&4 isnIt recognised at the PV72 the 4-&4 has to 6e re;uested #rom the ,9 over the nonCciphered 2adio inter#ace using the 4D9NT4F4C/T48N 29D,9&T message$ 8nce the 4-&4 is known it is passed to the &2NC in the C8--8N 4D message$ The /,T:9NT4C/T48N 29D,9&T can then 6e sent< which contains the /uthentication Vectors$
$oes 7L& know )MS)J
Ces
S"N$ )$"NT)()CAT)6N
No
Ces
TMS) /nown at P7L&J
No
)$"NT)()CAT)6N &"*1"ST Authentication 7ectors )ncludedJ No
Ces
S"N$ A1T!"NT)CAT)6N )N(6
C6MM6N )$
A1T!"NT)CAT)6N &"*1"ST
Fi%ure 17 An I00ustration o# Se"urit. 9ro"e(ure si%na00in%.
%!
1"
Node
&NC
MSC ? 7L&
P7L&
!L&
&&C
&&C
N AP
22 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"*1"ST
N AP
Start &8 42 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"SP6NS" <2 "STA L)S!M"NT &"*1"ST .AAL20 52 "STA L)S!M"NT C6N()&M .AAL20 =2 $65NL)N/ SCNC!&6N)SAT)6N 32 1PL)N/ SCNC!&6N)SAT)6N
N AP
N AP
ALCAP
ALCAP
ALCAP
ALCAP
$C!'(P
$C!'(P
$C!'(P
$C!'(P
Start T8
D2 (AC!@ CCC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N S"T1P A1MB &&C &&C
F2 )NSCNC! )N$ L: L: :E2 &A$)6 L)N/ &"ST6&" )N$)CAT)6N
N AP
N AP
::2 $CC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N S"T1P C6MPL"T" AAMB &&C &&C
Fi%ure 18 Inter MS, Lo"ation Area U&(ate 9ro"e(ure= 9a%e 1 o# 4.
%1
1$ $ '$ %$
The 22C C8NN9CT48N 29D,9&T message is carried on the CCC: logical channel< which is mapped to the 2/C: transport channel$ The message contains an 4nitial ,9 identity and an esta6lishment cause$ The 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29D,9&T message commands the Node 3 to reserve necessary resources and in#orms the Node 3 a6out which 27 con#iguration parameters are to 6e used$ The 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9 message carries the 3inding 4D and the Transport 7ayer /ddress used in setting up the /7C/P //7 connection 6etween the Node 3 and 2NC #or the DC: Frame Protocol$ The /7C/P //7 transport medium is initiated 6y the 2NC transmitting an 9&T/374&: 29D,9&T 092D1 message$ This message contains the 3inding 4D and Transport 7ayer /ddress 49s copied #rom the 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9 message$ The 3inding 4D #its into the Path 4denti#ier Field and the Transport 7ayer /ddress is included in the &ervice 9nd Point /ddress 49$ The 8riginating &ignalling association 4denti#ier 08&/41 49 is also included$ The /7C/P //7 connection is completed 6y the Node 3 transmitting an 9&T/374&: C8NF42- 09CF1 message$ The D&/4 49 is the 8&/4 #rom the 92D message$ The ,P74NN and D8JN74NN &ENC:28N4&/T48N messages are used to provide in#ormation on the delay 6etween the 2NC and the Node 3< allowing the 2NC to evaluate the timing advance needed when transmitting a #rame on the DC: FP such to arrive in time #or transmitting on the ,u$ The 22C C8NN9CT48N &9T,P message is transmitted on the CCC: logical channel< which is mapped on to the F/C: transport channel$ This message is sent 6y the network to accept the esta6lishment o# an 22C Connection #or the ,9< assigns the signalling link and provides transport channel in#ormation$ The 7ayer 1 &ENC: 4ND message is passed when synchronisation is achieved and the dedicated channel can 6e used 6etween the ,9 and Node 3$
*$
($ " )$ 5$ +$
1!$ The 2/D48 74NN 29&T829 4ND4C/T48N message is to in#orm the 2NC that the dedicated channel has 6een correctly esta6lished$ 11$ The ,9 responds with a 22C C8NN9CT48N &9T,P C8-P79T9 message on the DCC: logical channel$ This message con#irms the esta6lishment o# the 22C connection$
1"
Node
:22 $CC!@ )N)T)AL $)&"CT T&ANS("& G L6CAT)6N 1P$AT" &"*1"ST H AAMB
&NC
MSC ? 7L&
P7L&
!L&
&&C
&&C :42 SCCP C6NN"CT)6N &"*1"ST G )N)T)AL 1" M"SSA-" G L6CAT)6N 1P$AT" &"*1"ST H H :<2 SCCP C6NN"CT)6N C6N()&M :52 C6MM6N )$
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP &ANAP
SCCP &ANAP MAP :=2 S"N$ )$"NT)()CAT)6N :32 S"N$ )$"NT)()CAT)6N AC/ MAP MAP MAP -
:D2 $T G )$"NT)TC &"*1"ST H :F2 $CC!@ $L$T G )$"NT)TC &"*1"ST H AAMB 2E2 $CC!@ 1L$T G )$"NT)TC &"SP6NS" H AAMB &&C &&C &ANAP 2:2 $T G )$"NT)TC &"SP6NS" H &ANAP 222 S"N$ A1T!"NT)CAT)6N )N(6 MAP $ 242 S"N$ A1T!"NT)CAT)6N )N(6 AC/ MAP $ 2<2 C6MM6N )$ 252 $T G A1T!"NT)CAT)6N &"*1"ST H MAP $ MAP $ &ANAP &&C &ANAP
&&C
&ANAP
&ANAP
&ANAP 2=2 $CC!@ $L$T G A1T!"NT)CAT)6N &"*1"ST H AAMB 232 $CC!@ 1L$T G A1T!"NT)CAT)6N &"SP6NS" H AAMB
&ANAP
&&C
&&C
&&C
&&C 2D2 $T G A1T!"NT)CAT)6N &"SP6NS" H
&ANAP
&ANAP
%'
1 $ " 1'$
The #irst message 6etween the ,9 and -&C has to esta6lish the connections to tunnel messages transparently 6etween the ,9 and -&C$ ,plink and Downlink Direct Trans#er 0,7DT B D7DT1 are used as message carriers 6etween the ,9 and 2NC and are esta6lished with the 4N4T4/7 D429CT T2/N&F92 message$ The &CCP C8NN9CT48N 2D message is used to esta6lish the transport medium 6etween the 2NC and -&C$ The Direct Trans#er message carrier 6etween the 2NC and -&C is esta6lished with the transmission o# the 4N4T4/7 ,9 message$ The #irst message 6etween the ,9 and the -&C is the 78C/T48N ,PD/T9 29D,9&T and is passed through whilst the &CCP connection is 6eing setCup$ The 78C/T48N ,PD/T9 29D,9&T message contains a re;uest 6y the ,9 #or 78C/T48N ,PD/T9 #rom its peer entity in the network and also contains ,9 capa6ilities re;uired 6y the core network to allocate encryption and integrity algorithms$ The &CCP C8NN9CT48N C8NF42- is the /cknowledgement o# the &CCP Connection 2D and contains source and destination local identi#iers$ The &CCP C8NN9CT48N C8NF42- message can contain the C8--8N 4D< 0or another connection orientated 2/N/P message in the user data #ield1 6ut they are transmitted separately to stop delays while waiting #or T-&4 to 4-&4 conversion$
1%$
1*$ The C8--8N 4D is used to in#orm the 2NC o# the 4-&4$ The 2NC will use this in#ormation #or paging coCordination o# connections #rom -&C and &G&Ns$ C The su6se;uent messages going 6etween the ,9 and the -&C are carried 6y D7DT and ,7DT over the 22C and carried 6y DT messages over the 4u 4nter#ace$
1($ The optional &9ND 4D9NT4F4C/T48N message over the G 4nter#ace re;uests the Previous Visitor 7ocation 2egister 0PV721 #or the 4-&4 corresponding to the T-&4 provided 6y the ,9$ 1)$ The &9ND 4D9NT4F4C/T48N /CNN8J79DG9 message consists o# the 4-&4< and any authentication vectors that have not already 6een used$ 15$ " 1+$ !$ " 1$ This 4D9NT4TE 29D,9&T message will re;uest the 4-&4 to 6e transmitted to the -&C< as the 4-&4 is unavaila6le at the PV72$ The ,9 has to 6e ready to receive this re;uest at any time whilst a 22 connection exists$ The 4D9NT4TE 29&P8N&9 message contains the identi#ication parameter 04-&41 as re;uested 6y the network$
$ The &9ND /,T:9NT4C/T48N 4NF8 message is sent to the :72 re;uesting the /uthentication Vectors$
'$ The &9ND /,T:9NT4C/T48N 4NF8 /CN message sent 6y the :72 and contains the /uthentication Vectors retrieved #rom the /uthentication Centre 0/uC1$ %$ The C8--8N 4D message is used to in#orm the 2NC o# the 4-&4$ The 2NC will use this in#ormation #or paging coCordination o# connections #rom -&C and &G&Ns$
*$ " ($ The /,T:9NT4C/T48N 29D,9&T message sent 6y the -&C to the ,9 has the #ollowing purposes@ a1 To permit the network to check whether the identity provided 6y the mo6ile station is accepta6le$ 61 To provide parameters ena6ling the mo6ile station to calculate a new ,-T& ciphering key$ c1 To provide parameters ena6ling the mo6ile station to calculate a new ,-T& integrity key$ d1 To permit the mo6ile station to authenticate the network$ The /uthentication procedure is always controlled 6y the -&C$ The /,T:9NT4C/T48N 29D,9&T message contains a Ciphering Ney &e;uence No$< an /uthentication Parameter 02/ND1 and an /uthentication Parameter 0/,TN1 which allows the ,9 to authenticate the message$ The /,T:9NT4C/T48N 29&P8N&9 contains the answer to the calculation posed 6y the network in the /,T:9NT4C/T48N 29D,9&T message$
)$ " 5$
%%
1"
Node
&NC
2F2 S"C1&)TC M6$" C6MMAN$
MSC ? 7L&
P7L&
!L&
&ANAP 4E2 $CC!@ S"C1&)TC M6$" C6MMAN$ AAMB
&ANAP
&&C
&&C
&&C
4:2 $CC!@ S"C1&)TC M6$" C6MPL"T" AAMB
&&C 422 S"C1&)TC M6$" C6MPL"T"
&ANAP
&ANAP
MAP
442 1P$AT" L6CAT)6N
MAP
MAP
4<2 CANC"L L6CAT)6N
MAP
MAP
452 CANC"L L6CAT)6N AC/
MAP
MAP
36. ACTIVATE TRACE MODE
MAP
37. ACTIVATE TRACE MODE ACK MAP MAP
MAP
4D2 )NS"&T S1 SC&) "& $ATA
MAP
MAP
4F2 )NS"&T S1 SC&) "& $ATA AC/
MAP
MAP
<E2 )NS"&T S1 SC&) "& $ATA <:2 )NS"&T S1 SC&) "& $ATA <22 )NS"&T S1 SC&) "& $ATA
MAP MAP MAP
M1LT)PL"
MAP MAP
Fi%ure 10 Inter MS, Lo"ation Area U&(ate 9ro"e(ure= 9a%e ! o# 4.
%*
+$ The &9C,24TE -8D9 C8--/ND message speci#ies which ciphering and integrity protection algorithms can 6e used 6y the ,T2/N$ '!$ The &9C,24TE -8D9 C8--/ND message transmitted on the DCC: 6y the ,T2/N to start ciphering and"or integrity protection parameters '1$ The &9C,24TE -8D9 C8-P79T9 message is sent 6y the ,9 to con#irm the recon#iguration o# ciphering and"or integrity protection$ ' $ The &9C,24TE -8D9 C8-P79T9 message passed over the 4u inter#ace includes the chosen integrity protection and encryption algorithms$ ''$ The ,PD/T9 78C/T48N message is used to update the location in#ormation stored in the :72$ '%$ The C/NC97 78C/T48N message is sent 6etween the :72 and the PV72 to delete a su6scri6er record #rom the register$ '*$ The C/NC97 78C/T48N /CNN8J79DG9 message may contain additional -/P messages 6ut in this context is an /cknowledgement to the C/NC97 78C/T48N message$ '($ The /CT4V/T9 T2/C9 -8D9 message is optional and is used #or the tracing o# 6oth home and #oreign roaming su6scri6ers$ The Trace #unction can log the 4-&4 or the 4-94 #or location or #or activity and the in#ormation is then stored$ ')$ The /CT4V/T9 T2/C9 -8D9 /CNN8J79DG9 message may contain additional -/P messages 6ut in this context is an /cknowledgement to the /CT4V/T9 T2/C9 -8D9 message$ '5$ The 4N&92T &,3&C24392 D/T/ message is used 6y an :72 to update a V72 with certain su6scri6er data$ '+$ 4N&92T &,3&C24392 D/T/ /CNN8J79DG9 messages are created #or each 4N&92T &,3&C24392 D/T/ message$ %!$ O % $ -ultiple 4N&92T &,3&C24392 D/T/ messages are transmitted to transmit a pro#ile$
%(
1"
Node
&NC
MSC ? 7L&
P7L&
<42 )NS"&T S1 SC&) "& $ATA AC/ <<2 )NS"&T S1 SC&) "& $ATA AC/ <52 )NS"&T S1 SC&) "& $ATA AC/
!L&
MAP
MAP MAP MAP
M1LT)PL"
MAP MAP
<32 $)&"CT T&ANS("& G L6CAT)6N 1P$AT" ACC"PT H <D2 $CC!@ $65NL)N/ $)&"CT T&ANS("& G L6CAT)6N 1P$AT" ACC"PT H AAMB <F2 $CC!@ 1PL)N/ $)&"CT T&ANS("& G TMS) &"ALL6CAT)6N C6MPL"T" H AAMB &ANAP &&C &&C &ANAP &ANAP 522 $CC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N &"L"AS" A1MB 5E2 $)&"CT T&ANS("& G TMS) &"ALL6CAT)6N C6MPL"T" H 5:2 )u &"L"AS" C6MMAN$
MAP &ANAP
<=2 1P$AT" L6CAT)6N AC/
MAP
&&C &&C
&ANAP &ANAP
&&C
&&C
*uick &epeat
542 )u &"L"AS" C6MPL"T" 5<2 SCCP &"L"AS"$ 552 SCCP &"L"AS" C6MPL"T" &ANAP SCCP SCCP
&ANAP SCCP SCCP 5=2 $CC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N &"L"AS" C6MPL"T" A1MB
&&C
&&C
*uick &epeat
N AP
532 &A$)6 L)N/ $"L"T)6N &"*1"ST 5D2 &A$)6 L)N/ $"L"T)6N &"SP6NS" 5F2 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST. AAL2 0 =E2 &"L"AS" C6N()&M . AAL2 0
N AP
N AP ALCAP ALCAP
N AP ALCAP ALCAP
%)
%'$ O %*$ %($ %)$ " %5$ %+$ " *!$
4N&92T &,3&C24392 D/T/ /CNN8J79DG9 messages are created #or each 4N&92T &,3&C24392 D/T/ message$ The ,PD/T9 78C/T48N /CNN8J79DG9 message indicates to the V72 that the ,pdate 7ocation procedure was completed success#ully$ The 78C/T48N ,PD/T9 /CC9PT message is passed #rom the -&C to the ,9 to in#orm the ,9 the 7ocation ,pdate procedure was success#ully completed$ This message can contain a new T-&4 or instructions to delete the last$ The T-&4 29/778C/T48N C8-P79T9 message acknowledges the success#ul change to the T-&4< that was re;uested in the 78C/T48N ,PD/T9 /CC9PT message$
*1$ The 4u 2979/&9 C8--/ND message is sent 6y the CN to order 2NC to release all resources related to the 4u connection$ * $ Jhen the 4u connection is released 6y the -&C< the 2NC initiates the termination o# the connection 6etween the 2NC and the ,9$ This termination is started 6y the 2NC transmitting an 22C C8NN9CT48N 2979/&9 message$ The connection release can 6e transmitted on the DCC:< as the DC: Frame Protocol has not 6een removed$ *'$ The 4u 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message indicates to the -&C that the 4u has 6een released success#ully$ *%$ The &CCP connection is released 6y the &CCP 2979/&9D message #rom the -&C to the 2NC< when the -&C realises that the connection is no longer re;uired
**$ The &CCP 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message is the acknowledgement to the 2979/&9D message$
*($ The ,9 replies to the 22C C8NN9CT48N 2979/&9 message with an 22C C8NN9CT48N 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message< which is repeated a #ew times in ;uick succession$ *)$ The 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29D,9&T message sent 6y the 2NC to release the resources in a Node 3 #or one or more esta6lished 27s towards a ,9$ ,pon receipt o# this message< the Node 3 shall delete the 27s identi#ied in the message and release all associated resources$ *5$ /#ter the Node 3 has released the resources as re;uested< the Node 3 responds to the 2NC with a 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message$ *+$ The /7C/P //7 connection can 6e deleted once the 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message has 6een returned to the 2NC$ The 27 D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message indicates the 27 has 6een success#ully removed and the DC: FP Channel is no longer re;uired$ (!$ The 2979/&9 C8NF42- 027C1 message are returned to the Node 3 to acknowledge the //7 connection release$
%5
1"
Node
&NC
S-SN
&&C
&&C
22 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"*1"ST N AP N AP
Start &8 42 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"SP6NS" N AP <2 "STA L)S!M"NT &"*1"ST .AAL20 N AP
ALCAP
ALCAP
52 "STA L)S!M"NT C6N()&M .AAL20 ALCAP =2 $65NL)N/ SCNC!&6N)SAT)6N $C!'(P 32 1PL)N/ SCNC!&6N)SAT)6N $C!'(P ALCAP
$C!'(P
$C!'(P
Start T8
&&C
D2 (AC!@ CCC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N S"T1P A1MB
&&C
L:
F2 )NSCNC! )N$
L: :E2 &A$)6 L)N/ &"ST6&" )N$)CAT)6N N AP N AP
&&C
::2 $CC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N S"T1P C6MPL"T" AAMB
&&C
Fi%ure 11 Intra SGSN Routein% Area U&(ate Dia%ra*= 9a%e 1 o# !.
%+
*.2
Routein Area Up'ate

The 2outeing /rea ,pdate 02/,1 is the e;uivalent o# the 7ocation /rea ,pdate in the packet domain$ The 2/, procedures are initiated 6y the GP2& attached ,9 either at the expiry o# the governing timer in the case o# Periodic 2/, or 6y the ,9 detection that it has entered a new 2/$ There are two types o# the 2/, procedures< the 4ntra &G&N and the 4nter &G&N$ The 4ntra &G&N 2/, procedure is initiated on the same &G&N then where the ,9 was previously registered and in the 4nter &G&N procedure the ,9 is registered on a di##erent &G&N$
6.1.1
Intra SGSN Routein% Area U&(ate

The 4ntra &G&N 2/, procedure is initiated on the same &G&N then where the ,9 was previously registered$ The &G&N notices that it also governs the previous 2outeing /rea 6y analysing the 2outeing /rea 4dentity 02/41 and there#ore it does not have to in#orm the Gateway GP2& &upport Node 0GG&N1 o# the update$
*.2.1.1
1$ $ '$
%$
Intra +,+N Routein Area Up'ate Proce'ure

The 22C C8NN9CT48N 29D,9&T message is carried on the CCC: logical channel< which is mapped to the 2/C: transport channel$ The message contains an 4nitial ,9 identity and an 9sta6lishment Cause 49$ The 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29D,9&T message commands the Node 3 to reserve necessary resources and in#orms the Node 3 a6out which 27 con#iguration parameters are to 6e used$ The 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9 message carries the 3inding 4D and the Transport 7ayer /ddress used in setting up the /7C/P //7 connection 6etween the Node 3 and 2NC #or the DC: Frame Protocol$ The /7C/P //7 transport medium is initiated 6y the 2NC transmitting an 9&T/374&: 29D,9&T 092D1 message$ This message contains the 3inding 4D and Transport 7ayer /ddress copied #rom the 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9$ The 3inding 4D #its into the Path 4denti#ier Field and the Transport 7ayer /ddress 49s is included in the service end point address #ield$ The 8riginating &ignalling association 4denti#ier 08&/41 49 is also included$ The /7C/P //7 connection is completed 6y the Node 3 transmitting an 9&T/374&: C8NF42- 09CF1 message$ The D&/4 49 is the 8&/4 49 #rom the 92D message$ The ,P74NN and D8JN74NN &ENC:28N4&/T48N messages are used to provide in#ormation on the delay 6etween the 2NC and the Node 3< allowing the 2NC to evaluate the timing advance needed when transmitting a #rame on the DC: FP such to arrive in time #or transmitting on the ,u$ The 22C C8NN9CT48N &9T,P message is transmitted on the CCC: logical channel< which is mapped on to the F/C: transport channel$ This message is sent 6y the network to accept the esta6lishment o# an 22C Connection #or the ,9< assigns the signalling link and provides transport channel in#ormation$ The 7ayer 1 &ENC: 4ND message is passed when synchronisation is achieved and the dedicated channel can 6e used 6etween the ,9 and Node 3$ The 2/D48 74NN 29&T829 4ND4C/T48N message is to in#orm the 2NC that the dedicated channel has 6een correctly esta6lished$ The ,9 responds with a 22C C8NN9CT48N &9T,P C8-P79T9 message on the DCC: logical channel$ This message con#irms the esta6lishment o# the 22C connection$
*$ ($ " )$ 5$ +$ 1!$ 11$
*!
1"
Node
&NC
S-SN
:22 $CC!@ )N)T)AL $)&"CT T&ANS("& G &A 1P$AT" &* H AAMB &&C
&&C
SCCP
:42 SCCP C6NN"CT)6N &"*1"ST G )N)T)AL 1" M"SSA-" G &A 1P$AT" &* H H
SCCP
SCCP &NAP &ANAP :32 $CC!@ $L$T G )$"NT)TC &"*1"ST H AAMB &&C :D2 $CC!@ 1L$T G )$"NT)TC &"SP6NS" H AAMB &&C &&C &&C
:<2 SCCP C6NN"CT)6N C6N()&M :52 C6MM6N )$ :=2 $T G )$"NT)TC &"*1"ST H
SCCP &NAP &ANAP
&ANAP
:F2 $T G )$"NT)TC &"SP6NS" H
&ANAP
2E2 $T G A1T!"NT)CAT)6N K C)P!"&)N- &"*1"ST H &ANAP 2:2 $CC!@ $L$T G A1T!"NT)CAT)6N K C)P!"&)N- &"*1"ST H AAMB &&C 222 $CC!@ 1L$T G A1T!"NT)CAT)6N K C)P!"&)N- &"SP6NS" H AAMB &&C &ANAP
&&C
&&C 242 $T G A1T!"NT)CAT)6N K C)P!"&)N- &"SP6NS" H &ANAP &ANAP 2<2 S"C1&)TC M6$" C6MMAN$ &ANAP &ANAP
&&C
252 $CC!@ S"C1&)TC M6$" C6MMAN$ AAMB
&&C
&&C
2=2 $CC!@ S"C1&)TC M6$" C6MPL"T" AAMB
&&C 232 S"C1&)TC M6$" C6MPL"T"
&ANAP
&ANAP
Fi%ure 1! Intra SGSN Routein% Area U&(ate Dia%ra*= 9a%e 1 o# !.
*1
1 $ " 1'$
The #irst message 6etween the ,9 and &G&N has to esta6lish the connections to tunnel messages transparently 6etween the ,9 and &G&N$ ,P74NN /ND D8JN74NN D429CT T2/N&F92 messages 0,7DT B D7DT1 are used as message carriers 6etween the ,9 and 2NC and are esta6lished with the 4N4T4/7 D429CT T2/N&F92 message$ The &CCP C8NN9CT48N 2D message is used to esta6lish the transport medium 6etween the 2NC and &G&N$ The D429CT T2/N&F92 message carrier 6etween the 2NC and &G&N is esta6lished with the transmission o# the 4N4T4/7 ,9 message$ The #irst message 6etween the ,9 and the -&C is the 2/ ,PD/T9 29D,9&T and is passed through whilst the &CCP connection is 6eing setCup$ The 2/ ,PD/T9 29D,9&T message contains a re;uest 6y the ,9 to update its location #ile and the ,9 capa6ilities re;uired 6y the core network to allocate encryption and integrity algorithms$
1%$ The &CCP C8NN9CT48N C8NF42- message is the /cknowledgement o# the &CCP C8NN9CT48N 2D message and contains source and destination local identi#iers$ The &CCP C8NN9CT48N C8NF42- message can contain the C8--8N 4D message< 0or another connection orientated 2/N/P message in the user data #ield1 6ut they are transmitted separately to stop delays while waiting #or T-&4 to 4-&4 conversion$ 1*$ The C8--8N 4D message is used to in#orm the 2NC o# the 4-&4$ The 2NC will use this in#ormation #or paging coCordination o# connections #rom -&C and &G&N$ C 1($ " 1)$ 15$ " 1+$ !$ " 1$ The su6se;uent messages going 6etween the ,9 and the &G&N are carried 6y 22C ,7DT and D7DT 6etween the ,9 and 2NC and carried 6y DT messages over the 4u 4nter#ace$ This 4D9NT4TE 29D,9&T message will re;uest the 4-&4 to 6e transmitted to the &G&N$ The ,9 has to 6e ready to receive this re;uest at any time whilst a 22C connection exists$ The 4D9NT4TE 29&P8N&9 message contains the identi#ication parameter 04-&41 as re;uested 6y the network$ The /,T:9NT4C/T48N P C4P:924NG 29D,9&T message sent 6y the &G&N to the ,9 has the #ollowing purposes@ a1 To permit the network to check whether the identity provided 6y the mo6ile station is accepta6le$ 61 To provide parameters ena6ling the mo6ile station to calculate a new ,-T& ciphering key$ c1 To provide parameters ena6ling the mo6ile station to calculate a new ,-T& integrity key$ d1 To permit the mo6ile station to authenticate the network The /uthentication procedure is always controlled 6y the &G&N$ The /,T:9NT4C/T48N 29D,9&T message contains a Ciphering Ney &e;uence No$< and /uthentication Parameters 2/ND and /,TN< which allows the ,9 to authenticate the message$ The /,T:9NT4C/T48N P C4P:924NG 29&P8N&9 message contains the answer to the calculation posed 6y the network in the /,T:9NT4C/T48N P C4P:924NG 29D,9&T message The &9C,24TE -8D9 C8--/ND message speci#ies which ciphering and integrity protection algorithms can 6e used 6y the ,9 and ,T2/N$
$ " '$ %$
*$ The &9C,24TE -8D9 C8--/ND message transmitted on the DCC: 6y the ,T2/N to start ciphering and"or integrity protection parameters$ ($ The &9C,24TE -8D9 C8-P79T9 message is sent 6y the ,9 to con#irm the recon#iguration o# ciphering and"or integrity protection$ )$ The &9C,24TE -8D9 C8-P79T9 message passed over the 4u inter#ace includes the chosen integrity protection and encryption algorithms$
1"
Node
&NC
S-SN
2D2 $)&"CT T&ANS("& G &A 1P$AT" ACC"PT H &ANAP &&C 2F2 $CC!@ $65NL)N/ $)&"CT T&ANS("& G &A 1P$AT" ACC"PT H AAMB &&C &ANAP
&&C
4E2 $CC!@ 1PL)N/ $)&"CT T&ANS("& G &A 1P$AT" C6MPL"T" H AAMB
&&C 4:2 $)&"CT T&ANS("& G &A 1P$AT" C6MPL"T" H &ANAP 422 )u &"L"AS" C6MMAN$ &ANAP
&ANAP 442 $CC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N &"L"AS" A1MB
&ANAP
&&C
&&C
*uick &epeat
4<2 )u &"L"AS" C6MPL"T" &ANAP
&ANAP
SCCP SCCP
452 SCCP &"L"AS"$ 4=2 SCCP &"L"AS" C6MPL"T"
SCCP SCCP
&&C
432 $CC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N &"L"AS" C6MPL"T" A1MB
&&C
*uick &epeat
N AP
4D2 &A$)6 L)N/ $"L"T)6N &"*1"ST
N AP
N AP
4F2 &A$)6 L)N/ $"L"T)6N &"SP6NS"
N AP
ALCAP
<E2 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST . AAL2 0
ALCAP
ALCAP
<:2 &"L"AS" C6N()&M . AAL2 0
ALCAP
Fi%ure 14 Intra SGSN Routein% Area U&(ate Dia%ra*= 9a%e ! o# !.
*'
5$ " +$ '!$ " '1$
The 2/ ,PD/T9 /CC9PT message is sent 6y the &G&N to the ,9 to provide the ,9 with GP2& mo6ility management related data in response to a 28,T4NG /29/ ,PD/T9 29D,9&T message$ The 2/ ,PD/T9 C8-P79T9 message is sent 6y the ,9 to the &G&N in response to a 28,T4NG /29/ ,PD/T9 /CC9PT message i# a PCT-&4 and"or a T-&4 has 6een assigned$
' $ The 4u 2979/&9 C8--/ND message is sent 6y the &G&N to order 2NC to release all resources related to the 4u connection$ ''$ Jhen the 4u connection is released 6y the &G&N< the 2NC initiates the termination o# the connection 6etween the 2NC and the ,9$ This termination is started 6y the 2NC transmitting an 22C C8NN9CT48N 2979/&9 message$ The connection release can 6e transmitted on the DCC:< as the DC: Frame Protocol has not 6een removed$ '%$ The 4u 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message indicates to the &G&N that the 4u connection has 6een released success#ully$ '*$ The &CCP connection is released 6y the &CCP 2979/&9D message #rom the &G&N to the 2NC< when the &G&N realises that the inter#ace is no longer re;uired$ '($ The &CCP 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message is the acknowledgement to the 2979/&9D message$ ')$ The ,9 replies to the 22C C8NN9CT48N 2979/&9 message with an 22C C8NN9CT48N 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message< which is repeated a #ew times in ;uick succession$ '5$ The 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29D,9&T message sent 6y the 2NC to release the resources in a Node 3 #or one or more esta6lished 27s towards a ,9$ ,pon receipt o# this message< the Node 3 shall delete the 27s identi#ied in the message and release all associated resources$ '+$ /#ter the Node 3 has released the resources as re;uested< the Node 3 responds to the 2NC with a 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message$ %!$ The /7C/P //7 connection can 6e deleted once the 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message has 6een returned to the 2NC$ The 27 D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message indicates the 27 has 6een success#ully removed and the DC: FP &VC is no longer re;uired$ The &2NC initiates the //7 &VC release 6y transmitting a 2979/&9 29D,9&T 02971 message to the Node 3 #or each &VC to 6e removed$ %1$ The 2979/&9 C8NF42- 027C1 message are returned to the Node 3 to acknowledge the //7 connection release$
*%
1"
Node
&NC
New S-SN
6ld S-SN
--SN
!L&
:2 &AC!@ CCC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N &"*1"ST ATMB &&C 22 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"*1"ST &&C
N AP
N AP
Start &8
ALCAP
<2 "STA L)S!M"NT &"*1"ST .AAL20 52 "STA L)S!M"NT C6N()&M .AAL20 =2 $65NL)N/ SCNC!&6N)SAT)6N 32 1PL)N/ SCNC!&6N)SAT)6N
ALCAP
ALCAP
ALCAP
$C!'(P
$C!'(P
$C!'(P
$C!'(P
Start T8
&&C
D2 (AC!@ CCC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N S"T1P A1MB F2 )NSCNC! )N$
&&C
L:
L: :E2 &A$)6 L)N/ &"ST6&" )N$ACT)6N
N AP
N AP
::2 $CC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N S"T1P C6MPL"T" AAMB &&C &&C
Fi%ure 15 Inter SGSN RAU Si%na00in% Dia%ra*s= 9a%e 1 o# 5.
**
6.1.1
Inter SGSN Routein% Area U&(ate

The 4nter &G&N 2/, procedure is where the update is initiated on a di##erent &G&N then where the ,9 was previously registered$ The &G&N notices that it does not govern the previous 2/4 and there#ore has to in#orm the Gateway GP2& &upport Node 0GG&N1 o# the update$ Figure 1) /n 4llustration o# &ecurity Procedure signalling$ is also valid #or the 4nter &G&N 2/, procedure with the #ollowing changes@ The procedure is commenced 6y the transmission o# the 2/, 2D instead o# the 7ocation ,pdate 2D message< occurrences o# 7/4< V72< T-&4 are replaced 6y 2/4< &G&N< PCT-&4 respectively and the re;uest to the Previous V72 in removed$
*.2.2.1 Inter +,+N Routein Area Up'ate Proce'ure

1$ $ '$ %$ The 22C C8NN9CT48N 29D,9&T message is carried on the CCC: logical channel< which is mapped to the 2/C: transport channel$ The message contains an 4nitial ,9 identity and an 9sta6lishment cause$ The 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29D,9&T message commands the Node 3 to reserve necessary resources and in#orms the Node 3 a6out which 27 con#iguration parameters are to 6e used$ The 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9 message carries the 3inding 4D and the Transport 7ayer /ddress used in setting up the /7C/P //7 connection 6etween the Node 3 and 2NC #or the DC: Frame Protocol$ The /7C/P //7 transport medium is initiated 6y the 2NC transmitting an 9&T/374&: 29D,9&T 092D1 message$ This message contains the 3inding 4D and Transport 7ayer /ddress copied #rom the 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9$ The 3inding 4D #its into the Path 4denti#ier Field and the Transport 7ayer /ddress is included in the service end point address #ield$ The 8riginating &ignalling association 4denti#ier 08&/41 is also included$ The /7C/P //7 connection is completed 6y the Node 3 transmitting an 9CF message$ The Destination &ignalling /ssociation 4denti#ier 0D&/41 is the 8&/4 #rom the 92D message$ The ,P74NN and D8JN74NN &ENC:28N4&/T48N messages are used to provide in#ormation on the delay 6etween the 2NC and the Node 3< allowing the 2NC to evaluate the timing advance needed when transmitting a #rame on the DC: FP such to arrive in time #or transmitting on the ,u$
*$ ($ " )$
5$
+$
1!$ The 2/D48 74NN 29&T829 4ND4C/T48N message is to in#orm the 2NC that the dedicated channel has 6een correctly esta6lished$ 11$ The ,9 responds with an 22C C8NN9CT48N &9T,P C8-P79T9 message on the DCC: logical channel$ This message con#irms the esta6lishment o# the 22C connection$
*(
1"
Node
:22 $CC!@ )N)T)AL $)&"CT T&ANS("& G &A 1P$AT" &* H AAMB
&NC
New S-SN
6ld S-SN
--SN
!L&
&&C
&&C :42 SCCP C6NN"CT)6N &"*1"ST G )N)T)AL 1" M"SSA-" G &A 1P$AT" &* H H SCCP SCCP :<2 SCCP C6NN"CT)6N C6N()&M :52 C6MM6N )$ &ANAP &ANAP :=2 S-SN C6NT"8T &* :32 S-SN C6NT"8T &"SP
SCCP
SCCP
-TP
-TP
:D2 $T G )$"NT)TC &"*1"ST H :F2 $CC!@ $L$T G )$"NT)TC &"*1"ST H AAMB &&C 2E2 $CC!@ 1L$T G )$"NT)TC &"SP6NS" H AAMB &&C &&C &ANAP 2:2 $T G )$"NT)TC &"SP6NS" H &ANAP &&C
-TP &ANAP
-TP
&ANAP MAP
222 S"N$ A1T!"NT)CAT)6N )N(6 MAP 242 S"N$ A1T!"NT)CAT)6N )N(6 AC/ MAP
MAP 2<2 $T G A1T!"NT)CAT)6N K C)P!"&)N- &"*1"ST H 252 $CC!@ $L$T G A1T!"NT)CAT)6N K C)P!"&)N- &"*1"ST H AAMB 2=2 $CC!@ 1L$T G A1T!"NT)CAT)6N K C)P!"&)N- &"SP6NS" H AAMB &ANAP &&C &ANAP
&&C
&&C
&&C 232 $T G A1T!"NT)CAT)6N K C)P!"&)N- &"SP6NS" H &ANAP &ANAP
*)
1 $ " 1'$
The #irst message 6etween the ,9 and &G&N has to esta6lish the connections to tunnel messages transparently 6etween the ,9 and &G&N$ ,P74NN and D8JN74NN D429CT T2/N&F92 0,7DT B D7DT1 messages are used as message carriers 6etween the ,9 and 2NC and are esta6lished with the 4N4T4/7 D429CT T2/N&F92 message$ The &CCP C8NN9CT48N 2D message is used to esta6lish the transport medium 6etween the 2NC and &G&N$ The D429CT T2/N&F92 message carrier 6etween the 2NC and &G&N is esta6lished with the transmission o# the 4N4T4/7 ,9 message$ The #irst message 6etween the ,9 and the &G&N is the 2/ ,PD/T9 29D,9&T and is passed through whilst the &CCP connection is 6eing setCup$ The 2/ ,PD/T9 29D,9&T message contains a re;uest 6y the ,9 to re;uest an update o# its location #ile and the message also contains ,9 capa6ilities re;uired 6y the core network to allocate encryption and integrity algorithms$
1%$ The &CCP C8NN9CT48N C8NF42- message is the /cknowledgement o# the &CCP Connection 2D and contains source and destination local identi#iers$ The &CCP C8NN9CT48N C8NF42- message can contain the C8--8N 4D message< 0or another connection orientated 2/N/P message in the user data #ield1 6ut they are transmitted separately to stop delays while waiting #or T-&4 to 4-&4 conversion$ 1*$ The C8--8N 4D is used to in#orm the 2NC o# the 4-&4$ The 2NC will use this in#ormation #or paging coCordination o# connections #rom -&C and &G&Ns$ 1($ The &G&N C8NT9QT 29D,9&T message is sent to the old &G&N 6y the new &G&N< to get the -- and PDP Contexts #or the ,9$ The ,9 is identi#ied 6y its old PCT-&4 values$ The PCT-&4 in#ormation #ield must 6e present unless the 4-&4 is present$ The old &G&N is identi#ied 6y the old 2/4 included 6y the ,9 in the 28,T9G4NG /29/ ,PD/T9 29D,9&T message$ 1)$ The old &G&N shall send an &G&N C8NT9QT 29&P8N&9 message to the new &G&N as a response to a &G&N C8NT9QT 29D,9&T message$ The response includes a cause element< which in#orms the new &G&N o# any reason #or reMection or i# success#ul$ The old &G&N stores the address o# the new &G&N so context in#ormation can 6e passed upon receipt o# a &G&N C8NT9QT /CNN8J79DG9 message$ 15$ " 1+$ !$ " 1$ $ This 4D9NT4TE 29D,9&T message will re;uest the 4-&4 to 6e transmitted to the &G&N$ The ,9 has to 6e ready to receive this re;uest at any time whilst a 22 connection exists The 4D9NT4TE 29&P8N&9 message contains the identi#ication parameter 04-&41 as re;uested 6y the network$ The optional &9ND /,T:9NT4C/T48N 4NF8 message is sent to the :72 re;uesting the /uthentication Vectors 0optional message 6ecause the old &G&N may supply enough1$
'$ The &9ND /,T:9NT4C/T48N 4NF8 /CN message sent 6y the :72 and contains the /uthentication Vectors retrieved #rom the /uthentication Centre 0/uC1$ %$ " *$ The /,T:9NT4C/T48N P C:4P:924NG 29D,9&T message sent 6y the &G&N to the ,9 has the #ollowing purposes@ a1 To permit the network to check whether the identity provided 6y the mo6ile station is accepta6le$ 61 To provide parameters ena6ling the mo6ile station to calculate a new ,-T& ciphering key$ c1 To provide parameters ena6ling the mo6ile station to calculate a new ,-T& integrity key$ d1 To permit the mo6ile station to authenticate the network The /uthentication procedure is always controlled 6y the &G&N$ The /,T:9NT4C/T48N 29D,9&T P C4P:924NG 2D message contains a Ciphering Ney &e;uence No$< an /uthentication Parameter 02/ND1 and an /uthentication Parameter 0/,TN1 which allows the ,9 to authenticate the message$
($ " )$ The /,T:9NT4C/T48N P C4P:924NG 29&P8N&9 message contains the answer to the calculation posed 6y the network in the /,T:9NT4C/T48N 29D,9&T message$ ,-T& &ignalling Flow Diagrams *5
1"
Node
&NC
New S-SN
6ld S-SN
--SN
!L&
&ANAP
2D2 S"C1&)TC M6$" C6MMAN$
&ANAP
&&C
2F2 $CC!@ S"C1&)TC M6$" C6MMAN$ AAMB
&&C
&&C
4E2 $CC!@ S"C1&)TC M6$" C6MPL"T" AAMB
&&C 4:2 S"C1&)TC M6$" C6MPL"T"
&ANAP
&ANAP 422 S-SN Conte,t Ack -TP -TP
-TP
442 1P$AT" P$P C6NT"8T &"*1"ST
-TP
-TP
4<2 1P$AT" P$P C6NT"8T &"SP6NS"
-TP
MAP
452 1P$AT" L6CAT)6N
MAP
MAP
4=2 CANC"L L6CAT)6N
MAP
MAP
432 CANC"L L6CAT)6N AC/
MAP
MAP
4D2 )NS"&T S1 SC&) "& $ATA
MAP
MAP
4F2 )NS"&T S1 SC&) "& $ATA AC/
MAP
Fi%ure 17 Inter SGSN RAU Si%na00in% Dia%ra*s= 9a%e ! o# 5.
*+
5$ The &9C,24TE -8D9 C8--/ND message speci#ies which ciphering and integrity protection algorithms can 6e used 6y the ,T2/N$ +$ The &9C,24TE -8D9 C8--/ND message transmitted on the DCC: 6y the ,T2/N to start ciphering and"or integrity protection parameters$ '!$ The &9C,24TE -8D9 C8-P79T9 message is sent 6y the ,9 to con#irm the recon#iguration o# ciphering and"or integrity protection$ '1$ The &9C,24TE -8D9 C8-P79T9 message passed over the 4u inter#ace includes the chosen integrity protection and encryption algorithms$ ' $ The new &G&N shall send an &G&N C8NT9QT /CNN8J79DG9 message to the old &G&N as a response to the &G&N C8NT9QT 29&P8N&9 message$ 8nly a#ter receiving the &G&N C8NT9QT /CNN8J79DG9 message< shall the old &G&N start to #orward user data packets$ The &G&N C8NT9QT /CNN8J79DG9 message indicates to the old &G&N that the new &G&N has correctly received -- and PDP Context in#ormation and is ready to receive user data packets identi#ied 6y the corresponding Tunnel 9ndpoint 4denti#ier 0T941 values$ The old &G&N duplicates the 6u##ered data segments and starts tunnelling them to the new &G&N$ /dditional data segments received #rom the GG&N are also duplicated and tunnelled to the new &G&N$ Data segments that were already sent to the ,9 in acknowledged mode and that are not yet acknowledged 6y the ,9 are tunnelled together with their associated #rame num6ers$ ''$ The ,PD/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29D,9&T message is sent #rom the new &G&N to a GG&N$ The &G&N shall include an &G&N address #or control plane and an &G&N address #or user tra##ic< which may di##er #rom those provided 6y the underlying network service$ The GG&N shall store these &G&N addresses and use them when sending su6se;uent control plane on this GTP tunnel or GCPD,s to the &G&N #or the ,9$
'%$ The ,PD/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29&P8N&9 message is sent #rom the GG&N node to the new &G&N node as a response o# an ,PD/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29D,9&T message$ The Tunnel
9ndpoint 4denti#ier Data #ield speci#ies an uplink T94 #or GCPD,s that is chosen 6y the GG&N$ The &G&N has to include this T94 in the GTP header o# all su6se;uent uplink GCPD,s that relates to the re;uested PDP Context$ This 49 shall 6e included i# the Cause contains the value =2e;uest /cceptedI$ The Do& values supplied in the ,PD/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29D,9&T message may 6e negotiated downwards 6y the GG&N$ The negotiated values or the original value #rom &G&N are inserted in the Duality o# &ervice Pro#ile in#ormation element$ The GG&N may start to #orward TCPD,s a#ter the ,PD/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29&P8N&9 message has 6een sent$ The &G&N may start to #orward TCPD,s when the ,PD/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29&P8N&9 message has 6een received$ The &G&N will also need to 6e prepared to receive TCPD,s #rom the GG&N a#ter it has sent an ,PD/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29D,9&T message 6ut 6e#ore an ,PD/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29&P8N&9 message has 6een received$ The GG&N shall include a GG&N address #or control plane and an GG&N address #or user tra##ic< which may di##er #rom those provided 6y the underlying network service 0e$g$ 4P1$ The &G&N shall store these GG&N /ddresses and use them when sending su6se;uent control plane on this GTP tunnel or GCPD,s to the GG&N #or the ,9$ '*$ The ,PD/T9 78C/T48N message is used to update the location in#ormation stored in the V72
'($ The C/NC97 78C/T48N message is sent 6etween the :72 and the PV72 to delete a su6scri6er record #rom the register$ ')$ The C/NC97 78C/T48N /CNN8J79DG9 message may contain additional -/P messages 6ut in this context is an /cknowledgement to the C/NC97 78C/T48N message$
'5$ The 4N&92T &,3&C24392 D/T/ message is used 6y an :72 to update a V72 with su6scri6er data$ '+$ The 4N&92T &,3&C24392 D/T/ /CNN8J79DG9 messages are transmitted #or each 4N&92T &,3&C24392 D/T/ message$
(!
1"
Node
&NC
New S-SN
6ld S-SN
--SN
!L&
MAP MAP MAP
<E2 )NS"&T S1 SC&) "& $ATA <:2 )NS"&T S1 SC&) "& $ATA <22 )NS"&T S1 SC&) "& $ATA
MAP MAP MAP
MAP MAP MAP
<42 )NS"&T S1 SC&) "& $ATA AC/ <<2 )NS"&T S1 SC&) "& $ATA AC/ <52 )NS"&T S1 SC&) "& $ATA AC/
MAP MAP MAP
MAP
<=2 1P$AT" L6CAT)6N AC/
MAP
<32 $)&"CT T&ANS("& G &A 1P$AT" ACC"PT H &ANAP <D2 $CC!@ $65NL)N/ $)&"CT T&ANS("& G &A 1P$AT" ACCP"T H AAMB <2 $CC!@ 1PL)N/ $)&"CT T&ANS("& G &A 1P$AT" C6MPL"T" H AAMB &ANAP
&&C
&&C
&&C
&&C 5E2 $)&"CT T&ANS("& G &A 1P$AT" C6MPL"T" H &ANAP &ANAP
(1
%!$ O % %' O %* %($ %)$ " %5$ %+$ " *!$
-ultiple 4N&92T &,3&C24392 D/T/ messages are sometimes needed to transmit a pro#ile$ 0Diagram represents this as 6lock o# three1 4N&92T &,3&C24392 D/T/ /CNN8J79DG9 messages are returned to the :72 #or each 4N&92T &,3&C24392 D/T/ message received$ The ,PD/T9 78C/T48N /CNN8J79DG9 message indicates to the V72 that the ,pdate 7ocation procedure was completed success#ully$ 2/ ,PD/T9 /CC9PT message is sent 6y the &G&N to the ,9 to provide the ,9 with GP2& mo6ility management related data in response to a 28,T4NG /29/ ,PD/T9 29D,9&T message$ 2/ ,PD/T9 C8-P79T9 message is sent 6y the ,9 to the &G&N in response to a 28,T4NG /29/ ,PD/T9 /CC9PT message i# a PCT-&4 and"or a T-&4 has 6een assigned$
1"
Node
&NC
New S-SN
6ld S-SN
--SN
!L&
5:2 )u &"L"AS" C6MMAN$ &ANAP &ANAP
&&C
522 $CC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N &"L"AS" A1MB
&&C
*uick &epeat
542 )u &"L"AS" C6MPL"T"
&ANAP
&ANAP
5<2 SCCP &"L"AS"$ SCCP 552 SCCP &"L"AS" C6MPL"T" SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
&&C
5=2 $CC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N &"L"AS" C6MPL"T" A1MB
&&C
*uick &epeat
532 &A$)6 L)N/ $"L"T)6N &"*1"ST N AP 5D2 &A$)6 L)N/ $"L"T)6N &"SP6NS" N AP
N AP
N AP
ALCAP
5F2 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST. AAL2 0
ALCAP
ALCAP
=E2 &"L"AS" C6N()&M . AAL2 0
ALCAP
('
*1$ * $
The 4u 2979/&9 C8--/ND message is sent 6y the CN to order 2NC to release all resources related to the 4u connection$ The ,9 replies to the 22C C8NN9CT48N 2979/&9 message with an 22C C8NN9CT48N 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message< which is repeated a #ew times in ;uick succession$
*'$ The 4u 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message indicates to the -&C that the 4u has 6een released success#ully$ *%$ The &CCP connection is released 6y the &CCP 2979/&9D message #rom the &G&N to the 2NC< when the &G&N realises that the inter#ace is no longer re;uired$ **$ The &CCP 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message is the acknowledgement to the 2979/&9D message$ *($ Jhen the 4u connection is released 6y the &G&N< the 2NC initiates the termination o# the connection 6etween the 2NC and the ,9$ This termination is started 6y the 2NC transmitting an 22C C8NN9CT48N 2979/&9 message$ The connection release can 6e transmitted on the DCC:< as the DC: Frame Protocol has not 6een removed$ *)$ The 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29D,9&T message sent 6y the 2NC to release the resources in a Node 3 #or one or more esta6lished 27s towards a ,9$ ,pon receipt o# this message< the Node 3 shall delete the 27s identi#ied in the message and release all associated resources$ *5$ /#ter the Node 3 has released the resources as re;uested< the Node 3 responds to the 2NC with a 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message$ *+$ The /7C/P //7 connection can 6e deleted once the 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message has 6een returned to the 2NC$ The 27 D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message indicates the 27 has 6een success#ully removed and the DC: FP Channel is no longer re;uired$ (!$ The 2979/&9 C8NF42- 027C1 message are returned to the Node 3 to acknowledge the //7 connection release$
(%
1"
Node
S&NC
&&C
:2 &AC!@ CCC!@ 1&A 1P$AT" ATMB
&&C
&&C
22 (AC!@ $CC!@ 1&A 1P$AT" C6N()&M A1MB
&&C
&&C
42 &AC!@ $CC!@ 1T&AN M6 )L)TC )N(6&MAT)6N C6N()&M AAMB
&&C
Fi%ure !0 URA U&(ate on a SRN,
(*
*.3
UTRAN Re istration Area Up'ate Proce'ure

4n C977.PC: state the ,9 has to per#orm a Cell ,pdate procedure each time it moves to a new cell$ 4n the ,2/.PC: state the ,9 does not have to per#orm cell updates and it instead per#orms ,2/ updates< reducing the amount o# communications needed over the 2adio inter#ace$ The ,9 has to per#orm the ,2/ ,pdate procedure each time the ,9 moves into a new Cell that does not 6elong to the allocated ,2/$ There are two types o# ,2/ ,pdate procedure< #irstly on the &2NC and secondly on the D2NC$ The update con#irm messages in 6oth sets o# messages< contain a new cC2NT4 value$
6.!.1
*.3.1.1
1$
UTRAN Re%istration Area )URA+ U&(ate &ro"e(ure on SRN,

UTRAN Re istration Area Up'ate on +RNC Proce'ure
The ,2/ ,PD/T9 message is transmitted to the ,T2/N a#ter having made cell reCselection and noticing that the new cell does not 6elong to the current ,2/ assigned to the ,9$ The C2NC decodes the 2NC 4D and the &C2NT4 #rom the ,2/ ,PD/T9 message$ 4# the ,9 is registered within the controlling 2NC 0e$g$ C2NC is the &2NC1< the 2NC allocates a new cC2NT4 #or the ,9$ The ,2/ ,PD/T9 C8NF42- message con#irms the ,2/ update procedure and then optionally trans#ers the new cC2NT4 value to the ,9$ This message contains the 7/4 and 2/4 o# the new cell and may prompt the ,9 to initiate a 7/, or " and a 2/, procedures$ 4# the ,9 identity has 6een changed the ,T2/N -83474TE 4NF82-/T48N C8NF42- message acknowledges this to the ,T2/N$
$ '$
((
1"
Node
$&NC
S&NC
&&C
:2 &AC!@ CCC!@ 1&A 1P$AT" ATMB
&&C 22 1PL)N/ S)-NALL)N- T&ANS("& )N$)CAT)6N G 1&A 1P$AT" H
&NSAP
&NSAP
&NSAP
42 $65NL)N/ S)-NALL)N- T&ANS("& )N$)CAT)6N G 1&A 1P$AT" C6N()&M H
&NSAP
&&C
<2 (AC!@ $CC!@ 1&A 1P$AT" C6N()&M A1MB
&&C
&&C
52 &AC!@ $CC!@ 1T&AN M6 )L)TC )N(6&MAT)6N C6N()&M AAMB
&&C
Fi%ure !1 URA U&(ate on a DRN,
()
6.!.1
UTRAN Re%istration Area )URA+ U&(ate on DRN,

The purpose o# the ,2/ ,pdate on the D2NC without &2N& relocation procedure is to limit num6er o# relocations per#ormed 6y the network 0i$e$ i# the ,9 is likely to come 6ack under the control o# the &2NC1$ The ,9 sees no di##erence 6etween per#orming an update on the &2NC or on the D2NC< any additional complexity is a6sor6ed 6y the &2NC$
*.3.2.1
1$
UTRAN Re istration Area Up'ate on "RNC Proce'ure
The ,2/ ,PD/T9 message is transmitted to the ,T2/N a#ter having made cell reCselection and noticing that the new cell does not 6elong to the current ,2/ assigned to the ,9$ The C2NC decodes the 2NC 4D and the &C2NT4 #rom the ,2/ ,PD/T9 message$ 4# the ,9 is not registered within the controlling 2NC< the 2NC allocates a new cC2NT4 and dC 2NT4 #or the ,9$ The controlling 2NC then #orwards the 22C message towards the &2NC using the ,P74NN &4GN/774NG T2/N&F92 4ND4C/T48N container message$ The message is also stamped with the cellC4D where the message was received and the newly assigned cC2NT4 and dC2NT4 as well as ,2/ in#ormation$ ,pon reception o# the ,P74NN &4GN/774NG T2/N&F92 4ND4C/T48N message< the &2NC decides whether or not to per#orm an &2N& 2elocation procedure$ 4n this example it decides not to< 6ut D8JN74NN &4GN/774NG T2/N&F92 4ND4C/T48N message could 6e replaced with the &2N& 2elocation procedure$ The D8JN74NN &4GN/774NG T2/N&F92 4ND4C/T48N message transports the ,2/ ,PD/T9 C8NF42- message to the controlling 2NC$ The ,2/ ,PD/T9 C8NF42- message con#irms the ,2/ update procedure and then trans#ers the new cC2NT4 value to the ,9$ This message contains the 7/4 and 2/4 o# the new cell and may prompt the ,9 to initiate a 7/, or " and a 2/,$ The ,T2/N -83474TE 4NF82-/T48N C8NF42- message acknowledges the new ,T2/N mo6ility in#ormation #or the ,9$
$ '$
%$ *$
(5
-an(o'er
The :andover 0:81 can 6e o# two main types< :ard and &o#t$ :ard will 6e per#ormed when there is no 4ur 4nter#ace< a change o# #re;uency is re;uired or when a change o# system 0e$g$ to G&-1 is re;uired$ For a &o#t :andover procedure to happen< a 2adio 7ink 0271 &et o# at least one 27 is re;uired$ 27s are added and deleted out o# the 27 &et as the ,9 moves 6etween areas$ 4# -ast / and 3 are ,-T& -acro Cell antennae at the same #re;uency and the ,9 wants to move 6etween their coverage< the 27 to 3 has to 6e added to the ,9Is current 27 &et 6e#ore the 27 to -ast / can 6e deleted$ The ,9 is always in constant 27 to at least one -ast$
!6 M#$% B !6
M#$% &
M#$% C
!6 M#$% A
4# -ast C is a G&- /ntenna< the transition #rom -ast 3 to -ast C would re;uire the :ard :andover procedure$ The ,9 disconnects the link with the old cell< 6e#ore connecting to a new cell using a di##erent modulation scheme< a#ter the network path has 6een switched$ :owever i# there is no connection possi6le on the target cell< the ,9 can reconnect to the old cell$ 4# -ast D is a ,-T& micro cell antenna at a di##erent #re;uency than -ast / and 3$ The transition 6etween either -ast and / or 3 and -ast D would also re;uire the :ard :andover procedure< as the ,9 would have to disconnect #rom the #irst #re;uency< reC tune 6e#ore attaching to -ast D at a di##erent #re;uency$
1"
(+
-.1
.ar' .an'o(er
MSC
MSC
&NC
&NC
&NC
/ :ard :andover procedure is per#ormed when a &o#t :andover procedure is not availa6le< like inter #re;uency handover$ :ard handover switches 6oth the 27 and the transmission path in the network at one point in time$ The old 27 has to 6e le#t up until a#ter the procedure has #inished< ensuring that i# the :ard :andover procedure #ails the ,9 can revert 6ack to the old 27$ The example shows the procedure com6ined with relocation 6etween -&Cs$ The 6lack lines show the transmission path 6e#ore the procedure and the red dashed lines indicate the altered path a#ter the procedure has 6een per#ormed$ The &2NC re;uests the ,9 to go into compressed mode< creating gaps in the data transmission 6etween the Nod 3 and ,9$ 4n these gaps the ,9 can take readings o# cells at di##erent #re;uencies< that appear in the neigh6ouring cell list that each Node 3 transmits$
,-T& &ignalling Flow Diagrams )!
1"
&&C
New Node
:2 $CC!@ M"AS1&"M"NT &"P6&T AAMB
6ld Node
S&NC
&&C
N AP
22 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"*1"ST
N AP
Start &8
N AP
42 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"SP6NS"
N AP
ALCAP
<2 "STA L)S! &"*1"ST .AAL20
ALCAP
ALCAP
52 "STA L)S! &"*1"ST .AAL20
ALCAP
ALCAP
=2 "STA L)S! C6N()&M .AAL20
ALCAP
ALCAP
ALCAP
$C!'(P
D2 $65NL)N/ SCNC!&6N)SAT)6N
$C!'(P
$C!'(P
F2 1PL)N/ SCNC!&6N)SAT)6N
$C!'(P
Start T8
Fi%ure !1 Intra SRN, -ar( -an(o'er= 9a%e 1 o# 1
)1
7.1.1
Intra SRN, -ar( -an(o'er

This example shows the transition 6etween two Node 3s connected to the &2NC< e$g$ due to #re;uency change$ The transport 6earers have to 6e esta6lished along the 4u6 inter#ace to the New Node 3$ The ,9 is then instructed to change #re;uency at the same time as the network path is switched$
-.1.1.1
1$ $ '$ %$ " ($
Intra +RNC .ar' .an'o(er Proce'ure

The -9/&,29-9NT 29P82T message returns readings #rom the adMacent cells to the ,9< supplying the 2NC with the in#ormation re;uired 6y the radio path algorithm$ The 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29D,9&T message commands the Node 3 to reserve necessary resources and in#orms the Node 3 a6out which 27 con#iguration parameters are to 6e used$ The 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9 carries the 3inding 4D and the Transport 7ayer /ddress used in setting up the /7C/P //7 connection 6etween the Node 3 and 2NC #or the DC: Frame Protocol$ The /7C/P //7 transport medium is initiated 6y the 2NC transmitting an 92D message$ This message contains the 3inding 4D and Transport 7ayer /ddress copied #rom the 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9 message$ The 3inding 4D #its into the Path 4denti#ier Field and the Transport 7ayer /ddress is included in the &ervice 9nd Point /ddress Field$ The 8riginating &ignalling /ssociation 4denti#ier 08&/41 is also included$ The 3earers are esta6lished separately #or control and user data$ The Node 3 transmitting an 9CF message completes the /7C/P //7 connection$ The D&/4 49 is the 8&/4 49 #rom the 92D message$ The ,P74NN and D8JN74NN &ENC:28N4&/T48N messages are used to provide in#ormation on the delay 6etween the 2NC and the Node 3< allowing the 2NC to evaluate the timing advance needed when transmitting a #rame on the DC: FP such to arrive in time #or transmitting on the ,u$
*$ " )$ 5$ " +$
1"
New Node
6ld Node
S&NC
&&C
:E2 $CC!@ P!CS)CAL C!ANN"L &"C6N()- AAMB
&&C
L:
::2 )NSCNC! )N$
L:
N AP
:22 &A$)6 L)N/ &"ST6&" )N$)CAT)6N
N AP
&&C
:42 $CC!@ P!CS)CAL C!ANN"L &"C6N()- C6MPL"T" AAMB
&&C
N AP
:<2 &A$)6 L)N/ $"L"T)6N &"*1"ST
N AP
N AP
:52 &A$)6 L)N/ $"L"T)6N &"SP6NS"
N AP
ALCAP
:=2 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST .AAL20
ALCAP
ALCAP
:32 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST .AAL20
ALCAP
ALCAP
:D2 &"L"AS" C6N()&M .AAL20
ALCAP
ALCAP
:F2 &"L"AS" C6N()&M .AAL20
ALCAP
Fi%ure !! Intra SRN, -ar( -an(o'er= 9a%e 1 o# 1.
)'
1!$ 11$ 1 $ 1'$ 1%$ 1*$ 1($ " 1)$
The P:E&4C/7 C:/NN97 29C8NF4G,2/T48N message instructs the ,9 to change #re;uency or recon#igure another channel parameter$ The 7ayer 1 &ENC: 4ND message is passed when synchronisation is achieved and the dedicated channel can 6e used 6etween the ,9 and the new Node 3$ The 2/D48 74NN 29&T829 4ND4C/T48N message is to in#orm the new &2NC that the dedicated channel has 6een correctly esta6lished$ The P:E&4C/7 C:/NN97 29C8NF4G,2/T48N C8-P79T9 message is transmitted on the modi#ied channel< to the new node 3$ The 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29D,9&T message sent 6y the 2NC to release the resources in a Node 3 #or one or more esta6lished 27s towards a ,9$ ,pon receipt o# this message< the Node 3 shall delete the 27s identi#ied in the message and release all associated resources$ /#ter the Node 3 has released the resources as re;uested< the Node 3 responds to the 2NC with a 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message$ The /7C/P //7 connection can 6e deleted once the 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message has 6een returned to the 2NC$ The 27 D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message indicates the 27 has 6een success#ully removed and the DC: FP Channel is no longer re;uired$ The &2NC initiates the //7 virtual circuit release 6y transmitting a 297 message to the Node 3 #or each Virtual Circuit to 6e removed$ The 27C messages are returned to the Node 3 to acknowledge the //7 connection release$
15$ " 1+$
)%
1"
&&C
New Node
6ld Node
New &NC
6ld &NC
&&C
Anchor MSC
&elay MSC
&ANAP
22 &"L6CAT)6N &"*1)&"$
&ANAP 42 P&"PA&" !6 &"*1"ST
MAP
MAP
<2 SCCP C6NN"CT)6N &* G &"L6CAT)6N &"*1"ST H SCCP SCCP
SCCP
52 SCCP C6NN"CT)6N C6N()&M SCCP
=2 "STA L)S!M"NT &"*1"ST .AAL20 ALCAP 32 "STA L)S!M"NT C6N()&M .AAL20 ALCAP
ALCAP D2 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"*1"ST
ALCAP
N AP Start &8 N AP
N AP
F2 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"SP6NS"
N AP
ALCAP
:E2 "STA L)S! &"*1"ST .AAL20
ALCAP
ALCAP
::2 "STA L)S! &"*1"ST .AAL20
ALCAP
ALCAP
:22 "STA L)S! C6N()&M .AAL20
ALCAP
ALCAP
:42 "STA L)S! C6N()&M .AAL20
ALCAP
Fi%ure !4 Inter MS, -ar( -an(o'er Dia%ra*= 9a%e 1 o# !.
)*
7.1.1
Inter MS, -ar( -an(o'er

This procedure incorporates the :ard :andover and 2elocation procedures< where the 27 and the core network path are shi#ted at the same time$
-.1.2.1
1$ $ '$ %$ *$ ($ " )$
Inter $+C .ar' .an'o(er Proce'ure
The -9/&,29-9NT 29P82T message trans#ers measurement results< o# signal powers o# di##erent cells< #rom the ,9 to ,T2/N$ 8nce the &2NC algorithm decides that relocation is re;uired< the 8ld &2NC transmits the 2978C/T48N 29D,429D message to the -&C$ The 2978C/T48N 29D,9&T message generated in the /nchor -&C and passed to the 2elay -&C using the P29P/29 :8 29D,9&T message$ 0-essage includes 4-&41 The 2978C/T48N 29D,9&T message is passed to the New 2NC to re;uest the allocation o# the resources re;uired #or relocation$ The &CCP signalling connection has to 6e esta6lished 6e#ore the 2/N/P message can 6e passed over the 4u inter#ace$ 0-essage includes 4-&41 The &CCP C8NN9CT48N C8NF42- message is the /cknowledgement o# the &CCP C8NN9CT48N 2D message and indicates that the setCup o# the signalling connection has 6een per#ormed$ The //7 virtual circuits are esta6lished over the /7C/P //7 transport medium and are initiated 6y the New &2NC transmitting 92D message to esta6lish the Dedicated tra##ic channels to the -&C$ This message contains the 3inding 4Ds and Transport 7ayer /ddresses copied #rom the 2978C/T48N 29D,9&T message$ The 3inding 4D #its into the Path 4denti#ier Field and the Transport 7ayer /ddress 49s are included in the service end point address #ield$ The 8riginating &ignalling association 4denti#ier 08&/41 is also included$ The /7C/P //7 connection is completed 6y the -&C transmitting an 9CF$ The D&/4 49 is the 8&/4 #rom the 92D message$ The 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29D,9&T message commands the Node 3 to reserve necessary resources and in#orms the Node 3 a6out which 27 con#iguration parameters are to 6e used$ The message is #irst passed over the 4ur inter#ace 6e#ore 6eing trans#erred onto the 4u6$ The N3/P 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9 message carries the 3inding 4Ds and the Transport 7ayer /ddresses used in setting up the /7C/P //7 over the 4u6 connection 6etween the Node 3 and D2NC #or the dedicated transport and signalling channel$ The two virtual circuits are esta6lished over the /7C/P //7 transport medium and are initiated 6y the D2NC transmitting two 92D message to esta6lish the Dedicated signalling and tra##ic channels to the Node 3$ This message contains the 3inding 4Ds and Transport 7ayer /ddresses copied #rom the N3/P 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9 message$ The 3inding 4D #its into the Path 4denti#ier Field and the Transport 7ayer /ddress 49 is included in the service end point address #ield$ The 8&/4 49 is also included$ The /7C/P //7 connections used #or the dedicated tra##ic and signalling channels are completed 6y the Node 3 transmitting two 9&T/374&: C8NF42- 09CF1 messages$ The D&/4 49 is the 8&/4 49 #rom the 92D message$
5$ +$ 1!$ " 11$
1 $ " 1'$
)(
1"
New Node
6ld Node
New &NC
6ld &NC
Anchor MSC
&elay MSC
$C!'(P
:<2 $65NL)N/ SCNC!&6N)SAT)6N
$C!'(P
$C!'(P Start T8
:52 1PL)N/ SCNC!&6N)SAT)6N
$C!'(P
&ANAP
:=2 &"L6CAT)6N &"*1"ST AC/ :32 P&"PA&" !6 &"SP6NS" MAP :D2 )AM
&ANAP MAP
)S1P
)S1P
)S1P &ANAP 2:2 $CC!@ P!CS)CAL C!ANN"L &"C6N()- AAMB
:F2 ACM
)S1P &ANAP
2E2 &"L6CAT)6N C6MMAN$
&&C
&&C
222 L: Synch L: L: 242&A$)6 L)N/ &"ST6&" )N$)CAT)6N
N AP
N AP &ANAP 2<2 &"L6CAT)6N $"T"CT &ANAP 252 ANS
)S1P 2=2 $CC!@ P!CS)CAL C!ANN"L &"C6N()- C6MPL"T" AAMB
)S1P
&&C
&&C 232 &"L6CAT)6N C6MPL"T"
&ANAP
&ANAP 2D2 S"N$'"N$ S)-NAL &*
MAP
MAP
Fi%ure !5 Inter MS, -ar( -an(o'er Dia%ra*= 9a%e 1 o# !.
))
1%$ " 1*$
The ,P74NN and D8JN74NN &ENC:28N4&/T48N messages are used to provide in#ormation on the delay 6etween the 2NC and the Node 3< allowing the 2NC to evaluate the timing advance needed when transmitting a #rame on the DC: FP such to arrive in time #or transmitting on the ,u$ The messages are transmitted along the //7 &VC esta6lished 6y the previous messages$ The 2978C/T48N 29D,9&T /CN message is transmitted to the -&C #rom the New &2NC$ The acknowledgement message in#orms the -&C o# the resources allocated #or the re;uested relocation The P29P/29 :/ND8V92 29&P8N&9 message is a container #or the 2978C/T48N 29D,9&T /CN message$ The 4/- message is sent 6y the -&C to an 4nterworking -&C " P&TN$ The message contains the 3 Party Num6er and other in#ormation used to set up the call$ The 4nterworking -&C sends the /C- message as an acknowledgement to the -&C that the remote address has 6een contacted"ringing$ The 2978C/T48N C8--/ND message is sent 6y the -&C to 8ld &2NC to in#orm that resources #or the relocation are allocated in New &2NC$ The P:E&4C/7 C:/NN97 29C8NF4G,2/T48N message instructs the ,9 to change #re;uency or recon#igure another channel parameter$ The message is generated at the New &2NC and is passed to the 8ld &2NC #or transmission over the 2adio inter#ace in the 2978C/T48N 29D,9&T /CN message and then in the P29P/29 :8 29&P8N&9 message and #inally in the 297C8/T48N C8--/ND message$ The 7ayer 1 &ENC: 4ND message is passed when synchronisation is achieved and the dedicated channel can 6e used 6etween the ,9 and the new Node 3$ The 2/D48 74NN 29&T829 4ND4C/T48N message is to in#orm the new &2NC that the dedicated channel has 6een correctly esta6lished$ The 2978C/T48N D9T9CT message is triggered 6y the 2/D48 74NN 29&T829 message and signals to the 2elay -&C to through connect the call$ The /N& message indicates that the through connection #or the call should go ahead$ The P:E&4C/7 C:/NN97 29C8NF4G,2/T48N C8-P79T9 message is transmitted on the modi#ied channel< to the new node 3$ The 2978C/T48N C8-P79T9 message is returned to the -&C< 6y the New &2NC< to acknowledge the completion o# the relocation$ 8nce the -&C has received this message resources can 6e released in the 4u 4nter#ace$ The &9NDC9ND &4GN/7 2D message is a container that transports the 2978C/T48N C8-P79T9 message across the inter#ace 6etween the -&Cs$
1($ 1)$ 15$ 1+$ !$ 1$
$ '$ %$ *$ ($ )$ 5$
)5
1"
New Node
6ld Node
New &NC
6ld &NC
2F2 )u &"L"AS" C6MMAN$ &ANAP
Anchor MSC
&ANAP
&elay MSC
4E2 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST .AAL20 ALCAP ALCAP
4:2 &"L"AS" C6N()&M .AAL20 ALCAP ALCAP
&ANAP
422 )u &"L"AS" C6MPL"T"
&ANAP
SCCP
442 SCCP &"L"AS"$
SCCP
SCCP
4<2 SCCP &"L"AS" C6N()&M
SCCP
N AP
452 &A$)6 L)N/ $"L"T)6N &"*1"ST
N AP
N AP
4=2 &A$)6 L)N/ $"L"T)6N &"SP6NS"
N AP
ALCAP
432 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST .AAL20
ALCAP
ALCAP
4D2 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST .AAL20
ALCAP
4F2 &"L"AS" C6N()&M .AAL20 ALCAP ALCAP
<E2 &"L"AS" C6N()&M .AAL20 ALCAP ALCAP
Fi%ure !6 Inter MS, -ar( -an(o'er= 9a%e ! o# !.
)+
+$ '!$ " '1$
The 4u 2979/&9 C8--/ND message is sent #rom the -&C to the 8ld &2NC and instructs the deletion o# the 4u inter#ace transport 6earer$ The 8ld &2NC initiates the //7 virtual circuit release 6y transmitting a 297 message to the -&C #or each Virtual Circuit to 6e removed$ / 27C message is returned to the 8ld &2NC to acknowledge each //7 connection release$
' $ The 4u 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message is returned 6y the 8ld &2NC to in#orm the -&C o# the success#ul 6earer release$ ''$ The &CCP 2979/&9D message re;uest the removal o# the &CCP 6earer$ '%$ The &CCP 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message is the acknowledgement to the -&C that the &CCP connection orientated transport 6earer #or the signalling has 6een torn down$ '*$ The 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29D,9&T message sent 6y the 2NC to release the resources in a Node 3 #or one or more esta6lished 27s towards a ,9$ ,pon receipt o# this message< the Node 3 shall delete the 27s identi#ied in the message and release all associated resources$ '($ /#ter the Node 3 has released the resources as re;uested< the Node 3 responds to the 2NC with a 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message$ ')$ " '5$ The /7C/P //7 connections can 6e deleted once the 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message has 6een returned to the 2NC$ The 27 D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message indicates the 27 has 6een success#ully removed and the DC:CFP and Tra##ic Channel are no longer re;uired$ The //7 connections are deleted 6y transmitting one 297 message #or each //7 connection$ The 27C messages can 6e returned in any order #rom the Node 3< Must to acknowledge each //7 connection release$
'+$ " %!$
5!
-.2
MSC
+oft .an'o(er Proce'ures

The principle o# the &o#t :andover procedure is that there always is at least one 2adio 7ink 0271 in the 27 &et 6etween the ,T2/N and the ,9$ 4# there is only one 27 in the 27 &et then another 27 has to 6e added 6e#ore the current 27 can 6e deleted$ The &o#t :andover procedure can only 6e per#ormed on dedicated channels< shared channels are Must reCtuned$ The set o# % diagrams shows the movement o# 27s in the 27 &et and how the di##erent inter#aces are utilised$
RNC
RNC
MSC
RNC
RNC
The -9/&,29-9NT 29P82T messages are #orwarded up to the &2NC< which decides i# handover is necessary$ / cell in the measurement report has to 6e within a threshold power level #or a minimum amount o# time 6e#ore it can 6e added to the 27 &et$ Jhen a new cell isnIt governed 6y the &2NC a connection over the 4ur inter#ace has to 6e esta6lished to the controlling 2NC o# the cell$ The two or more paths are com6ined at the 2NC using a &election Com6ining algorithm$
51
MSC
RNC
RNC
8nce all the 27 in the 27 &et are on the same D2NC the network paths are not 6eing used e##iciently< due to the extra 4ur inter#ace on their path to the core network$ The &2N& 2elocation procedure cannot 6e per#ormed 6e#ore all links are on a single 2NC< 6ecause the whole process would 6ecome #ar too complicated$ The mapping o# old 27s to new 27s would take too long to per#orm< giving a larger chance o# errors$
MSC
RNC
RNC
8nce all the 27s are on a single D2NC< the &2NC can decide to per#orm the &2N& 2elocation procedure$ This procedure changes the path in the network to remove the current &2NC and 4ur 4nter#ace and also changes the #unctionality o# the D2NC to that o# a &2NC$ /t this switch some o# the ,9 temporary identities are changed< so the ,9 has to 6e in#ormed o# the change$ The links 4ur inter#ace 6etween the &2NC and the D2NC and the 4u 4nter#ace 6etween the -&C and &2NC have to 6e torn down to #ree resources allocated to the ,9$
1"
&&C
Node
S&NC
&&C
N AP Start &8 N AP ALCAP ALCAP ALCAP ALCAP
22 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"*1"ST
N AP
42 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"SP6NS" <2 "STA L)S!M"NT &"*1"ST .AAL20 52 "STA L)S!M"NT &"*1"ST .AAL20 =2 "STA L)S!M"NT C6N()&M .AAL20 32 "STA L)S!M"NT C6N()&M .AAL20
N AP ALCAP ALCAP ALCAP ALCAP
$C!'(P $C!'(P
D2 $65NL)N/ SCNC!&6N)SAT)6N F2 1PL)N/ SCNC!&6N)SAT)6N
$C!'(P $C!'(P
Start T8
&&C
:E2 $CC!@ ACT)7" S"T 1P$AT" AAMB
&&C
&&C
::2 $CC!@ ACT)7" S"T 1P$AT" C6MPL"T" AAMB
&&C
&&C :42 )NSCNC! )N$)CAT)6N
:22 $CC!@ M"AS1&"M"NT C6NT&6L AAMB
&&C
L:
L: N AP :<2 &A$)6 L)N/ &"ST6&" )N$)CAT)6N N AP
Fi%ure !7 Intra RN, Ra(io Lin: A((ition Dia%ra*.
5'
7.1.1
Intra RN, Ra(io Lin: A((ition

The -9/&,29-9NT 29P82T message is received 6y the &2NC through Node 3s connected to the &2NC$ This report is used along with previous reports in the algorithm that calculates when to modi#y the 27$ 4n this section another 27 is added to modi#iy the 27 &et$ The 4ntra 2NC 27 addition is per#ormed a#ter esta6lishing additional signalling and tra##ic 6earers along the 4u6 inter#ace$ The /CT4V9 &9T ,PD/T9 message that is sent to the ,9 is transmitted over the existing 27s and the response is received 6ack through the existing 27s as well as through the new 27$
-.2.1.1
1$
Intra RNC Ra'io Lin/ A''ition Proce'ure

The -9/&,29-9NT 29P82T message trans#ers measurement results #rom the ,9 to ,T2/N$ The 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29D,9&T message commands the Node 3 to reserve necessary resources and in#orms the Node 3 a6out which 27 con#iguration parameters are to 6e used$ The 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9 message carries the 3inding 4D and the Transport 7ayer /ddress 49s used in setting up the /7C/P //7 connection 6etween the Node 3 and 2NC #or the DC: Frame Protocol$ The /7C/P //7 transport medium is initiated 6y the 2NC that transmits an 92D message to esta6lish the Dedicated &ignalling Channel$ This message contains the 3inding 4D and Transport 7ayer /ddress 49s copied #rom the 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9 message$ The 3inding 4D #its into the Path 4denti#ier Field and the Transport 7ayer /ddress 49s is included in the service end point address #ield$ The 8&/4 49 is also included$ The /7C/P //7 transport medium is initiated 6y the 2NC transmitting an 92D message to esta6lish the DTC:$ This message contains the 3inding 4D and Transport 7ayer /ddress copied #rom the 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9 message$ The 3inding 4D #its into the Path 4denti#ier Field and the Transport 7ayer /ddress 49s is included in the service end point address #ield$ The 8&/449 is also included$ The Node 3 transmitting an 9CF message completes the /7C/P //7 connection used #or the dedicated signalling channel$ The D&/4 49 is the 8&/4 49 #rom the 92D message$ The Node 3 transmitting an 9CF message completes the /7C/P //7 connection used #or the DTC:$ The D&/4 49 is the 8&/4 49 #rom the 92D message$ The ,P74NN and D8JN74NN &ENC:28N4&/T48N messages are used to provide in#ormation on the delay 6etween the 2NC and the Node 3< allowing the 2NC to evaluate the timing advance needed when transmitting a #rame on the DC:CFP such to arrive in time #or transmitting on the ,u$
$ '$ %$
*$
($ )$ 5$ " +$
1!$ Jhen the /CT4V9 &9T ,PD/T9 message is received in the ,9< the new 27 is added to the 27 &et$ 8nce the 27 &et is updated the new 27 can 6e used$ This message can also 6e used #or 27 deletion and replacing 27s$ 11$ The /CT4V9 &9T ,PD/T9 Complete message is the acknowledgement o# the success#ul update o# the 27 &et$ 1 $ The -9/&,29-9NT C8NT287 message instructs the ,9 to send 6ack measurements o# the new con#iguration$ 1'$ " 1%$ The 7ayer 1 &ENC: 4ND message is passed when synchronisation is achieved and the dedicated channel can 6e used 6etween the ,9 and Node 3$ This triggers the 2/D48 74NN 29&T829 4ND4C/T48N message< which is to in#orm the 2NC that the dedicated channel has 6een correctly esta6lished$
5%
1"
&&C
Node
.$0
$&NC
S&NC
&&C
&NSAP
22 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"*1"ST
&NSAP
N AP
42 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"*1"ST
N AP
Start &8
N AP
<2 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"SP6NS"
N AP
ALCAP
ALCAP
ALCAP
=2 "STA L)S!M"NT &"*1"ST .AAL20
ALCAP
&NSAP
32 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"SP6NS"
&NSAP
ALCAP
D2 "STA L)S!M"NT &"*1"ST .AAL20
ALCAP
ALCAP
F2 "STA L)S!M"NT &"*1"ST .AAL20
ALCAP
Fi%ure !8 Inter RN, Ra(io Lin: A((ition Dia%ra*= 9a%e 1 o# 1.
5*
7.1.1
Inter RN, Ra(io Lin: A((ition

The -easurement 2eport is received 6y the &2NC through Node 3s connected to the &2NC$ This report is used along with previous reports in the algorithm that calculates when to modi#y the 27$ 4n this section another 27 is added to modi#iy the 27 &et$ The 4ntra 2NC 27 addition is per#ormed a#ter esta6lishing signalling and tra##ic 6earers along the 4ur and 4u6 inter#aces$ The /CT4V9 &9T ,PD/T9 message that is sent to the ,9 is sent out through the existing 27s and the response is received 6ack through the existing 27s as well as through the new 27$
-.2.2.1
1$ $ " '$ %$
Inter RNC Ra'io Lin/ A''ition Proce'ure

The -9/&,29-9NT 29P82T message trans#ers measurement results< o# signal powers o# di##erent cells< #rom the ,9 to ,T2/N$ The 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29D,9&T message commands the Node 3 to reserve necessary resources and in#orms the Node 3 a6out which 27 con#iguration parameters are to 6e used$ The message is #irst passed over the 4ur inter#ace 6e#ore 6eing trans#erred onto the 4u6$
The N3/P 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9 message carries the 3inding 4Ds and the Transport 7ayer /ddresses 49s used in setting up the /7C/P //7 over the 4u6 connection 6etween the Node 3 and D2NC #or the dedicated transport and signalling channel$ The two &VC are esta6lished over the /7C/P //7 transport medium and are initiated 6y the D2NC transmitting two 92D message to esta6lish the Dedicated signalling and tra##ic channels to the Node 3$ This message contains the 3inding 4Ds and Transport 7ayer /ddresses copied #rom the N3/P 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9 message$ The 3inding 4D #its into the Path 4denti#ier Field and the Transport 7ayer /ddress is included in the service end point address #ield$ The 8riginating &ignalling association 4denti#ier is also included$ The 2N&/P 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9 message carries the 3inding 4Ds and the Transport 7ayer /ddresses used in setting up the /7C/P //7 over the 4ur connection 6etween the D2NC and &2NC #or the dedicated transport and signalling channels$ The two &VC are esta6lished over the /7C/P //7 transport medium and are initiated 6y the &2NC transmitting two 92D message to esta6lish the Dedicated signalling and tra##ic channels to the D2NC$ This message contains the 3inding 4Ds and Transport 7ayer /ddresses copied #rom the 2N&/P 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9 message$ The 3inding 4D #its into the Path 4denti#ier Field and the Transport 7ayer /ddress is included in the service end point address #ield$ The 8riginating &ignalling association 4denti#ier 08&/41 is also included$
*$ " ($
)$ 5$ " +$
5(
1"
Node
.$0
$&NC
S&NC
ALCAP
:E2 "STA L)S!M"NT C6N()&M .AAL20
ALCAP
ALCAP
::2 "STA L)S!M"NT C6N()&M .AAL20
ALCAP
ALCAP ALCAP
:22 "STA L)S!M"NT C6N()&M .AAL20 :42 "STA L)S!M"NT C6N()&M .AAL20
ALCAP ALCAP
$C!'(P
:<2 $65NL)N/ SCNC!&6N)SAT)6N
$C!'(P
$C!'(P
:52 1PL)N/ SCNC!&6N)SAT)6N
$C!'(P
Start T8
&&C
:=2 $CC!@ ACT)7" S"T 1P$AT" AAMB
&&C
&&C
:32 $CC!@ ACT)7" S"T 1P$AT" C6MPL"T" AAMB
&&C
&&C
:D2 $CC!@ M"AS1&"M"NT C6NT&6L AAMB
&&C
L:
:F2 )NSCNC! )N$
L:
N AP
2E2 &A$)6 L)N/ &"ST6&" )N$)CAT)6N
N AP 2:2 &A$)6 L)N/ &"ST6&" )N$)CAT)6N
&NSAP
&NSAP
Fi%ure !9 Inter RN, Ra(io Lin: A((ition Dia%ra*= 9a%e 1 o# 1.
5)
1!$ " 11$ 1 $ " 1'$ 1%$ " 1*$
The /7C/P //7 connections used #or the dedicated tra##ic and signalling channels and are completed 6y the Node 3 transmitting two 9CF messages$ The D&/4 49 is the 8&/4 49 #rom the 92D message$ The /7C/P //7 connection used #or the dedicated tra##ic and signalling channels are completed 6y the D2NC transmitting two 9CF messages$ The D&/4 is the 8&/4 49 #rom the 92D message$ The ,P74NN and D8JN74NN &ENC:28N4&/T48N are used to provide in#ormation on the delay 6etween the 2NC and the Node 3< allowing the 2NC to evaluate the timing advance needed when transmitting a #rame on the DC:CFP such to arrive in time #or transmitting on the ,u$ The messages are transmitted along the //7 &VC esta6lished 6y the previous messages$
1($ Jhen the /CT4V9 &9T ,PD/T9 message is received in the ,9< the new 27 is added to the 27 &et$ 8nce the 27 &et is updated the new 27 can 6e used$ This message can also 6e used #or 27 deletion and replacing 27s$ 1)$ The /CT4V9 &9T ,PD/T9 C8-P79T9 message represents the acknowledgement o# the success#ul update o# the 27 &et$ 15$ The -9/&,29-9NT C8NT287 message instructs the ,9 to send 6ack measurements o# the new con#iguration$ 1+$ The 7ayer 1 &ENC: 4ND message is passed when synchronisation is achieved and the dedicated channel can 6e used 6etween the ,9 and Node 3$ !$ The 2/D48 74NN 29&T829 4ND4C/T48N message is to in#orm the 2NC that the dedicated channel has 6een correctly esta6lished$ 1$ The purpose o# the 2/D48 74NN 29&T829 4ND4C/T48N message is to #orward the corresponding N3/P message on to the &2NC$
55
1"
Node
.S0
S&NC
&&C
&&C
&&C
22 $CC!@ ACT)7" S"T 1P$AT" AAMB
&&C
42 $CC!@ ACT)7" S"T 1P$AT" C6MPL"T" AAMB &&C &&C
N AP
<2 &A$)6 L)N/ $"L"T)6N &"*1"ST
N AP
N AP
52 &A$)6 L)N/ $"L"T)6N &"SP6NS"
N AP
ALCAP
=2 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST .AAL20
ALCAP
ALCAP
32 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST .AAL20
ALCAP
ALCAP
D2 &"L"AS" C6N()&M .AAL20
ALCAP
ALCAP
F2 &"L"AS" C6N()&M .AAL20
ALCAP
Fi%ure 40 Intra RN, Ra(io Lin: De0etion Dia%ra*.
5+
7.1.!
Intra RN, Ra(io Lin: De0etion

The -easurement report is received 6y the &2NC and used along with previous reports in the algorithm that calculates when to modi#y the 27$ 4n this case the algorithm has decided that one o# the 27s in the 27 set needs deleting< #reeing it up #or use 6y another ,9$ The 4ntra 2NC 27 deletion is per#ormed 6y transmitting signalling through a Node 3 that is connected to the &2NC< without the use o# any 4ur signalling$ 8nce the 27 has 6een removed #rom the 27 set< the network connection supporting the link can 6e released$
-.2.3.1
1$ $
Intra RNC Ra'io Lin/ "eletion Proce'ure
The -9/&,29-9NT 29P82T message trans#ers measurement results o# signal powers corresponding to di##erent cells< #rom the ,9 to ,T2/N$ Jhen the &2NC algorithm decides that a 27 should 6e deleted #rom the 27 &et the /CT4V9 &9T ,PD/T9 message is transmitted to the ,9$ Jhen the /CT4V9 &9T ,PD/T9 message is received in the ,9< a particular 27 is deleted #rom the 27 &et$ 8nce the 27 &et is updated the old 27 is not used$ This message can also 6e used #or 27 addition and replacing 27s$ The /CT4V9 &9T ,PD/T9 C8-P79T9 message is the acknowledgement o# the success#ul update o# the 27 &et$ The 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29D,9&T message sent 6y the 2NC to release the resources in a Node 3 #or one or more esta6lished 27s towards a ,9$ ,pon receipt o# this message< the Node 3 shall delete the 27s identi#ied in the message and release all associated resources$ /#ter the Node 3 has released the resources as re;uested< the Node 3 responds to the 2NC with a 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message$ The /7C/P //7 connection can 6e deleted once the 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message has 6een returned to the 2NC$ The 27 D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message indicates the 27 has 6een success#ully removed and the DC: FP Channel is no longer re;uired$ The &2NC initiates the //7 &VC release 6y transmitting a 297 message to the Node 3 #or each Virtual Circuit to 6e removed$ The 27C message are returned to the Node 3 to acknowledge the //7 connection release$
'$ %$ *$ ($ " )$
5$ " +$
+!
1"
&&C
Node
.S0
$?T&NC
S&NC
&&C
&&C
22 $CC!@ ACT)7" S"T 1P$AT" AAMB
&&C
42 $CC!@ ACT)7" S"T 1P$AT" C6MPL"T" AAMB &&C <2 &A$)6 L)N/ $"L"T)6N &"*1"ST &&C
&NSAP 52 &A$)6 L)N/ $"L"T)6N &"*1"ST
&NSAP
N AP
N AP =2 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST .AAL20 32 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST .AAL20
ALCAP ALCAP
ALCAP ALCAP
ALCAP ALCAP :E2 &A$)6 L)N/ $"L"T)6N &"SP6NS"
D2 &"L"AS" C6N()&M .AAL20 F2 &"L"AS" C6N()&M .AAL20
ALCAP ALCAP
N AP
N AP ::2 &A$)6 L)N/ $"L"T)6N &"SP6NS"
&NSAP
&NSAP
ALCAP
:22 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST .AAL20
ALCAP
ALCAP
:42 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST .AAL20
ALCAP
ALCAP
:<2 &"L"AS" C6N()&M .AAL20
ALCAP
ALCAP
:52 &"L"AS" C6N()&M .AAL20
ALCAP
Fi%ure 41 Inter RN, Ra(io Lin: De0etion Dia%ra*.
+1
7.1.4
Inter RN, Ra(io Lin: De0etion

The -easurement report is received 6y the &2NC and used along with previous reports in the algorithm that calculates when to modi#y the 27$ 4n this case the algorithm has decided that one o# the 27s on the Dri#t 2NC needs deleting$ The 4nter 2NC 27 deletion is per#ormed 6y transmitting signalling through Node 3s that are connected to 6oth the &2NC and the D2NC< with the use o# 4ur signalling$ 8nce the 27 has 6een removed #rom the 27 set< the network connection supporting the link can 6e pulled down$
-.2.4.1
1$ $
Inter RNC Ra'io Lin/ "eletion Proce'ure

The -9/&,29-9NT 29P82T message trans#ers measurement results o# signal powers corresponding to di##erent cells< #rom the ,9 to ,T2/N$ Jhen the &2NC algorithm decides that a 27 should 6e deleted #rom the 27 &et the /CT4V9 &9T ,PD/T9 message is transmitted to the ,9$ Jhen the /CT4V9 &9T ,PD/T9 message is received in the ,9< a particular 27 is deleted #rom the 27 &et$ 8nce the 27 &et is updated the old 27 is not used$ This message can also 6e used #or 27 addition and replacing 27s$ The /CT4V9 &9T ,PD/T9 C8-P79T9 message is the acknowledgement o# the success#ul update o# the 27 &et$ The 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29D,9&T message sent 6y the 2NC to release the resources in a Node 3 #or one or more esta6lished 27s towards a ,9$ ,pon receipt o# this message< the Node 3 shall delete the 27s identi#ied in the message and release all associated resources$ The /7C/P //7 connection can 6e deleted once the 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29D,9&T message has 6een &9NT to the D2NC #rom the &2NC$ The 27 D979T48N 29D,9&T message indicates the 27 has to 6e removed and the DC: FP Channel is no longer re;uired$ The D2NC initiates the //7 virtual circuit release 6y transmitting a 297 to the Node 3 #or each Virtual Circuit to 6e removed$ / 27C message is returned to the Node 3 to acknowledge each //7 connection release$ /#ter the Node 3 has released the resources as re;uested< the Node 3 responds to the 2NC with a 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message$ The /7C/P //7 &VC connection can 6e deleted once the 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message has 6een returned to the D2NC$ The 27 D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message indicates the 27 has 6een success#ully removed and the DC: FP Channel is no longer re;uired$ The &2NC initiates the //7 virtual circuit release 6y transmitting a 297 to the Node 3 #or each &VC to 6e removed$ / 27C message is returned to the Node 3 to acknowledge each //7 connection release$
'$ %$ " *$ ($ O +$
1!$ " 11$ 1 $ " 1'$
1%$ " 1*
1"
Node
New &NC
6ld &NC
MSC
&ANAP
:2 &"L6CAT)6N &"*1"ST
&ANAP
SCCP
22 SCCP C6NN"CT)6N &* G &"L6CAT)6N &"*1"ST H
SCCP
42 SCCP C6NN"CT)6N C6N()&M SCCP SCCP
<2 "STA L)S!M"NT &"*1"ST .AAL20 ALCAP ALCAP
ALCAP
52 "STA L)S!M"NT C6N()&M .AAL20
ALCAP
=2 &"L6CAT)6N &"*1"ST AC/ &ANAP &ANAP
&ANAP
32 &"L6CAT)6N C6MMAN$
&ANAP
&NSAP
D2 &"L6CAT)6N C6MM)T
&NSAP
F2 $CC!@ 1T&AN M6 )L)TC )N(6&MAT)6N AAMB &&C :E2 $CC!@ 1T&AN M6 )L)TC )N(6&MAT)6N C6N()&M AAMB &&C &&C &&C
Fi%ure 41 Intra MS, SRNS Re0o"ation= 9a%e 1 o# 1
+'
7.1.5
Intra MS, SRNS Re0o"ation

The 2elocation procedure takes place when the algorithm in the &erving 2NC 0&2NC1 decides it is appropriate$ /n ,2/ ,pdate procedure or a &o#t :andover procedure can trigger this 2elocation procedure$ The 2elocation procedure can only 6e per#ormed when the entire 27 &et is only communicating with Node 3s< which are attached to the D2NC$
-.2.!.1
1$ $
Intra $+C +RN+ Relocation Proce'ure
8nce the &2NC algorithm decides that relocation is re;uired< the 8ld &2NC transmits the 2978C/T48N 29D,429D message to the -&C$ The -&C then #orwards the 8ld &2NC re;uest to the New &2NC in a 2978C/T48N 29D,9&T message$ This &CCP C8NN9CT48N 29D,9&T message is the #irst message that is sent over this inter#ace and needs the esta6lishment o# the &CCP transport medium$ The 2978C/T48N 29D,9&T message is piggy6acked on the &CCP C8NN9CT48N 29D,9&T$
The &CCP C8NN9CT48N C8NF42- message is the /cknowledgement o# the &CCP C8NN9CT48N 2D message and indicates that the setCup o# the signalling connection has 6een per#ormed$
'$ %$ " *$
The //7 virtual circuits are esta6lished over the /7C/P //7 transport medium and are initiated 6y the New &2NC transmitting 92D message to esta6lish the DTC: to the -&C$ This message contains the 3inding 4Ds and Transport 7ayer /ddresses copied #rom the 2978C/T48N 29D,9&T message$ The 3inding 4D #its into the Path 4denti#ier Field and the Transport 7ayer /ddress is included in the service end point address #ield$ The 8riginating &ignalling association 4denti#ier 08&/41 is also included$ The /7C/P //7 connection is completed 6y the -&C transmitting an 9CF message$ The D&/4 49 is the 8&/4 49 #rom the 92D message$ The 2978C/T48N 29D,9&T /CN message is transmitted to the -&C #rom the New &2NC$ The acknowledgement message in#orms the -&C o# the resources allocated #or the re;uested relocation$ The 2978C/T48N C8--/ND message is sent 6y the -&C to 8ld &2NC to in#orm that resources #or the relocation are allocated in New &2NC$ The 2978C/T48N C8--4T message is sent 6y the &2NC to the T2NC to re;uest the T2NC to proceed with the 2elocation procedure$ The T2NC uses the in#ormation contained in the message when #inalising the relocation$ The ,T2/N -83474TE 4NF82-/T48N message sent #rom the New &2NC to the ,9 to in#orm the ,9 o# the New ,C2NT4 identity$ This message can in#orm the ,9 o# a change in 2outeing /rea or 7ocation /rea< a 2/, would 6e per#ormed 6y the ,9 as soon as the con#irm message is returned$ 3ut the 7/, procedure would 6e per#ormed only once the call was ended$ The ,T2/N -83474TE 4NF82-/T48N C8NF42- message is returned 6y the ,9 to the New &2NC to acknowledge the change in ,C2NT4$
($ )$ 5$ +$
1!$
+%
1"
Node
New &NC
6ld &NC
::2 &"L6CAT)6N C6MPL"T" :22 )u &"L"AS" C6MMAN$
MSC
&ANAP
&ANAP &ANAP
&ANAP
ALCAP
:42 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST .AAL20
ALCAP
ALCAP
:<2 &"L"AS" C6N()&M .AAL20
ALCAP
&ANAP
:52 )u &"L"AS" C6MPL"T"
&ANAP
SCCP
:=2 SCCP &"L"AS"$
SCCP
SCCP
:32 SCCP &"L"AS" C6MPL"T"
SCCP
ALCAP
:D2 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST .AAL20
ALCAP
ALCAP
:F2 &"L"AS" C6N()&M .AAL20
ALCAP
SCCP
2E2 SCCP &"L"AS"$
SCCP
SCCP
2:2 SCCP &"L"AS" C6MPL"T"
SCCP
'(e) T(e C#** I$ Te+,-)#%ed. T(e UE Pe+/o+,$ A Lo0#%-o) U1d#%e

Fi%ure 4! Intra MS, SRNS Re0o"ation= 9a%e 1 o# 1
+*
11$ 1 $ 1'$ " 1%$ 1*$ 1($ 1)$ 15$ " 1+$
The 2978C/T48N C8-P79T9 message is returned to the -&C< 6y the New &2NC< to acknowledge the completion o# the relocation$ 8nce the -&C has received this message resources can 6e released in the 4u 4nter#ace$ The 4u 2979/&9 C8--/ND message passes #rom the -&C< the instruction to the 8ld &2NC to delete the 4u inter#ace transport 6earer$ The 8ld &2NC initiates the //7 virtual circuit release 6y transmitting a 297 message to the -&C #or each &VC to 6e removed$ / 27C message is returned to the 8ld &2NC to acknowledge each //7 connection release$ The 4u 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message is returned 6y the 8ld &2NC to in#orm the -&C o# the success#ul 6earer release$ The &CCP 2979/&9D message re;uest the removal o# the &CCP 6earer$ The &CCP 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message is the acknowledgement to the -&C that the &CCP connection orientated transport 6earer #or the signalling has 6een torn down$ The 8ld &2NC initiates the //7 &VC release 6y transmitting a 297 message to the New &2NC #or each &VC to 6e removed$ / 27C message is returned to the 8ld &2NC to acknowledge each //7 connection release$
!$ The &CCP 2979/&9D message re;uest the removal o# the &CCP 6earer on the 4ur inter#ace 6etween the New and 8ld &2NC$ 1$ The &CCP 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message represents the acknowledgement to the 8ld &2NC that the &CCP connection orientated transport 6earer #or the signalling has 6een torn down$
+(
1"
New &NC
6ld &NC
New S-SN
6ld S-SN
!L&
--SN
&ANAP
:2 &"L6CAT)6N &"*1)&"$
&ANAP
-TP 42 SCCP C6NN"CT)6N &* G &"L6CAT)6N &"*1"ST H
22 (6&5A&$ &"L6CAT)6N &*
-TP
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
<2 SCCP C6NN"CT)6N C6N()&M
SCCP
ALCAP
ALCAP
ALCAP
=2 "STA L)S!M"NT C6N()&M .AAL20
ALCAP
&ANAP
32 &"L6CAT)6N &"*1"ST AC/
&ANAP
-TP
D2 (6&5A&$ &"L6CAT)6N &* AC/
-TP
&ANAP :E2 &"L6CAT)6N C6MM)T
F2 &"L6CAT)6N C6MMAN$
&ANAP
&NSAP
&NSAP
Fi%ure 44 Inter SGSN SRNS Re0o"ation= 9a%e 1 o# 4.
+)
7.1.6
Inter SGSN SRNS Re0o"ation

The 2elocation takes place when the algorithm in the &2NC decides it is 6ene#icial to the network$ The 2elocation procedure can not 6e per#ormed until the entire 27 &et is only communicating with Node 3s< which are attached to the D2NC$ The procedure includes relocation o# the &G&N pivoting at the GG&N$ /s soon as the ,9 is in#ormed o# the change in the mo6ility in#ormation< it initiates the 2/, procedure$
-.2.*.1
1$ $ '$
Inter +,+N +RN+ Relocation Proce'ure

8nce the &2NC algorithm decides that relocation is re;uired< the 8ld &2NC transmits the 2978C/T48N 29D,429D message to the &G&N$ The old &G&N shall send a F82J/2D 2978C/T48N 29D,9&T message to the new &G&N to convey in#ormation necessary to per#orm the 4nter &G&N &2N& 2elocation procedure$ The message includes the 4-&4 o# the connected ,9< mo6ility management in#ormation and the current security parameters$ The &G&N then #orwards the 8ld &2NC re;uest to the New &2NC in a 2978C/T48N 29D,9&T message$ This &CCP C8NN9CT48N 29D,9&T message is the #irst message that passes over this inter#ace and needs the esta6lishment o# the &CCP transport medium$ The 2978C/T48N 29D,9&T message is piggy6acked on the &CCP C8NN9CT48N 29D,9&T message$
%$ *$ " ($
The &CCP C8NN9CT48N C8NF42- message is the /cknowledgement o# the &CCP C8NN9CT48N 2D message and indicates that the setCup o# the signalling connection has 6een per#ormed$ The //7 &VC are esta6lished over the /7C/P //7 transport medium and are initiated 6y the New &2NC transmitting 92D message to esta6lish the DTC: to the &G&N$ This message contains the 3inding 4Ds and Transport 7ayer /ddresses copied #rom the 2978C/T48N 29D,9&T message$ The 3inding 4D #its into the Path 4denti#ier Field and the Transport 7ayer /ddress 49s are included in the service end point address #ield$ The 8riginating &ignalling association 4denti#ier 08&/41 is also included$ The /7C/P //7 connection is completed 6y the &G&N transmitting an 9CF message $The D&/4 49 is the 8/&4 49 #rom the 92D message$ The 2978C/T48N 29D,9&T /CN message is transmitted to the &G&N #rom the New &2NC$ The acknowledgement message in#orms the &G&N o# the resources allocated #or the re;uested relocation$ The old &G&N sends a F82J/2D 2978C/T48N C8-P79T9 /CNN8J79DG9 message to the new &G&N as a response to F82J/2D 2978C/T48N C8-P79T9 message$ The 2978C/T48N C8--/ND message is sent 6y the &G&N to 8ld &2NC to in#orm that resources #or the relocation are allocated in New &2NC$ The 2978C/T48N C8--4T message is sent 6y the &2NC to the T2NC to re;uest the T2NC to proceed with the 2elocation$ The T2NC uses the in#ormation contained in the message when #inalising the relocation$
)$ 5$ +$ 1!$
+5
1"
New &NC
6ld &NC
New S-SN
6ld S-SN
!L&
--SN
&ANAP :22 $CC!@ 1T&AN M6 )L)TC )N(6&MAT)6N AAMB &&C :42 $CC!@ 1T&AN M6 )L)TC )N(6&MAT)6N C6N()&M AAMB &&C
::2 &"L6CAT)6N $"T"CT
&ANAP :<2 1P$AT" P$P C6NT"8T &*
-TP
-TP
-TP &&C :=2 &"L6CAT)6N C6MPL"T" &ANAP
:52 1P$AT" P$P C6NT"8T &"SP6NS"
-TP
&&C
&ANAP
:32 (6&5A&$ &"L6CAT)6N C6MPL"T" -TP -TP
:D2 (6&5A&$ &"L6CAT)6N C6MPL"T" AC/ -TP -TP :F2 )u &"L"AS" C6MPL"T"
&ANAP
&ANAP
2E2 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST .AAL20 ALCAP ALCAP
2:2 &"L"AS" C6N()&M AAL20 ALCAP ALCAP
222 )u &"L"AS" C6MPL"T" &ANAP &ANAP
242 SCCP &"L"AS"$ SCCP 2<2 SCCP &"L"AS" C6MPL"T" SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
++
11$ 1 $ 1'$ 1%$ 1*$ 1($ 1)$ 15$ 1+$ !$ " 1$
The 2978C/T48N D9T9CT message is triggered 6y the 2978C/T48N C8--4T message and signals to the New &G&N that the contexts should 6e through connected$ The ,T2/N -83474TE 4NF82-/T48N message sent #rom the New &2NC to the ,9 to in#orm the ,9 o# its new cC2NT4 and ,C2NT4 identities$ This message also includes the new 7/4 and 2/4 codes< needed 6y the ,9 #or 7/, and 2/, procedures$ 4n this case the 2/, triggers the second hal# o# this procedure 0message + onwards1$ The ,T2/N -83474TE 4NF82-/T48N C8NF42- message is returned 6y the ,9 to the New &2NC to acknowledge the change in identities and the mo6ility in#ormation$ The ,PD/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 2D message instructs the GG&N to change the Do& and to switch the path o# the message #low$ /#ter receiving ,PD/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29D,9&T message< the GG&N releases the old resources and resets the new resources #or the ,9$ The ,PD/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29&P message shall 6e sent #rom a GG&N node to a &G&N node as a response o# an ,PD/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29D,9&T message$ The 2978C/T48N C8-P79T9 message is returned to the New &G&N< 6y the New &2NC< to acknowledge the completion o# the 2elocation procedure$ The F82J/2D 2978C/T48N C8-P79T9 message to indicate that the &2N& relocation procedure has 6een success#ully #inished$ 8nce the 8ld &G&N has received this message resources can 6e released in the 4u 4nter#ace$ The F82J/2D 2978C/T48N C8-P79T9 /CN message is sent 6y the 8ld &G&N to the New &G&N as a response to the F82J/2D 2978C/T48N C8-P79T9 message$ The 4u 2979/&9 C8--/ND message passes #rom the -&C< the instruction to the 8ld &2NC to delete the 4u inter#ace transport 6earer$ The 8ld &2NC initiates the //7 virtual circuit release 6y transmitting a 297 message to the -&C #or each Virtual Circuit to 6e removed$ / 27C message is returned to the 8ld &2NC to acknowledge each //7 connection release$
$ The 4u 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message is returned 6y the 8ld &2NC to in#orm the -&C o# the success#ul 6earer release$ '$ The &CCP 2979/&9D message re;uest the removal o# the &CCP 6earer$ %$ The &CCP 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message is the acknowledgement to the -&C that the &CCP connection orientated transport 6earer #or the signalling has 6een torn down$
1!!
1"
New &NC
252 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST .AAL20
6ld &NC
New S-SN
6ld S-SN
!L&
--SN
ALCAP
ALCAP
ALCAP
2=2 &"L"AS" C6N()&M .AAL20
ALCAP
SCCP
232 SCCP &"L"AS"$
SCCP
SCCP
2D2 SCCP &"L"AS" C6MPL"T"
SCCP
2F2 $CC!@ 1L$T G &A 1P$AT" &* H AAMB &&C &&C 4E2 $T G &A 1P$AT" &* H
&ANAP
&ANAP
-TP
4:2 S-SN C6NT"8T &*
-TP
-TP
422 S-SN C6NT"8T &"SP
-TP
MAP
442 S"N$ A1T!"NT)CAT)6N )N(6
MAP
4<2 S"N$ A1T!"NT)CAT)6N )N(6 AC/ MAP MAP
Fi%ure 46 Inter SGSN SRNS Re0o"ation= 9a%e ! o# 4.
1!1
*$ " ($
The 8ld &2NC initiates the //7 &VC release 6y transmitting a 297 message to the New &2NC #or each &VC to 6e removed$ / 27C message is returned to the 8ld &2NC to acknowledge each //7 connection release$
)$ The &CCP 2979/&9D message re;uest the removal o# the &CCP 6earer on the 4ur inter#ace 6etween the New and 8ld &2NC$ 5$ The &CCP 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message is the acknowledgement to the 8ld &2NC that the &CCP connection orientated transport 6earer #or the signalling has 6een torn down$ +$ " '!$ '1$ ' $ ''$ '%$ The 2/ ,PD/T9 2D message is triggered 6y the ,T2/N -83474TE 4NF82-/T48N message contain a new 2/4$ The &G&N C8NT9QT 2D message re;uests the trans#er o# -o6ile -anagement 0includes /uthentication Vectors1 and PDP Contexts #rom the 8ld &G&N #or the ,9$ The 8ld &G&N sends a &G&N C8NT9QT 29&P8N&9 message to the New &G&N as a response to a previous &G&N C8NT9QT 29D,9&T message$ The optional &9ND /,T:9NT4C/T48N 4NF8 message is sent to the :72 i# the &G&N C8NT9QT 29D,9&T message is not returned with enough /uthentication Vectors$ The &9ND /,T:9NT4C/T48N 4NF8 /CN message is returned 6y the :72 to the New &G&N and contains /uthentication Vectors$ /n /uthentication procedure could 6e triggered at this point 0operator speci#ic1$
1!
1"
New &NC
6ld &NC
New S-SN
6ld S-SN
!L&
--SN
-TP
452 S-SN C6NT"8T AC/
-TP
4=2 1P$AT" L6CAT)6N MAP 432 CANC"L L6CAT)6N MAP 4D2 CANC"L L6CAT)6N MAP MAP MAP MAP
4F2 )NS"&T S1 SC&) "& $ATA MAP MAP
MAP
<E2 )NS"&T S1 SC&) "& $ATA AC/
MAP
<:2 1P$AT" L6CAT)6N AC/ MAP <22 $T G &A 1P$AT" ACC"PT H MAP
&ANAP <42 $CC!@ 1L$T G &A 1P$AT" ACC"PT H AAMB &&C <<2 $CC!@ 1L$T G &A 1P$AT" C6MPL"T" H AAMB &&C
&ANAP
&&C
&&C
<52 $T G &A 1P$AT" C6MPL"T" H &ANAP &ANAP
1!'
'*$
'($ ')$ '5$ '+$
The &G&N C8NT9QT /CN message is passed to the 8ld &G&N 6y the New &G&N as a response to the &G&N C8NT9QT 29&P8N&9 message$ The 8ld &G&N starts #orwarding user data packets to the New &G&N only a#ter receiving the &G&N C8NT9QT /CNN8J79DG9 message$
The ,PD/T9 78C/T48N message is used to update the location in#ormation stored in the V72 The C/NC97 78C/T48N message is sent 6etween the :72 and the PV72 to delete a su6scri6er record #rom the register$ The C/NC97 78C/T48N /CNN8J79DG9 message may contain additional -/P messages 6ut in this context is an /cknowledgement to the C/NC97 78C/T48N message$ The 4N&92T &,3&C24392 D/T/ message is used 6y an :72 to update a V72 with certain su6scri6er data$
%!$ The 4N&92T &,3&C24392 D/T/ /CNN8J79DG9 messages are created #or each 4N&92T &,3&C24392 D/T/ message$
%1$ The ,PD/T9 78C/T48N /CNN8J79DG9 message indicates to the V72 that the ,pdate 7ocation Procedure was completed success#ully$ % $ " %'$ %%$ " %*$ 2/ ,PD/T9 /CC9PT message is sent 6y the &G&N to the ,9 to provide the ,9 with GP2& mo6ility management related data in response to a 28,T4NG /29/ ,PD/T9 29D,9&T message$ 2/ ,PD/T9 C8-P79T9 message is sent 6y the ,9 to the &G&N in response to a 28,T4NG /29/ ,PD/T9 /CC9PT message i# a PCT-&4 and"or a T-&4 has 6een assigned$
1!%
9a":et Ser'i"es
4n ,-T&< the ,9 can 6e in one o# three states in the P& side o# the Network$
PMM-&ETACHE&
PS $etach PS Attach PS Signalling Connection &elease PS Signalling Connection "sta#lish
$etachI PS Attach &eLectI &A1 &eLect
PMM-I&LE
PMM-CONNECTE& Ser%ing &NC &elocation
4n the P--CD9T/C:9D state< there is no communication 6etween the ,9 and the 'GC&G&N$ The ,9 and &G&N contexts hold no valid location or routeing in#ormation #or the ,9$ 4n the P--C4D79 state< the ,9 location is known in the 'GC&G&N with an accuracy o# a 2/$ Paging is used in order to reach the ,9$ The ,9 and &G&N have esta6lished -- contexts$ The ,9 per#orms a routeing area update each time the 2/ changes$ 4n the P--CC8NN9CT9D state< the ,9 location is known in the 'GC&G&N with an accuracy o# a serving 2NC< 6ut the location o# the ,9 is tracked 6y the &2NC$ The ,9 per#orms 2/, procedure when 2/4 in the -- system in#ormation changes$ The process the ,9 would normally #ollow to transmit data includes@ 1$ $ '$ 4-&4 /ttach$ PDP Context /ctivation$ &ervice 2e;uest$
1!*
/n ,9 shall per#orm a GP2& /ttach to the &G&N in order to o6tain access to the GP2& services$ 4n the attach procedure< the ,9 will have to provide its identity and an indication o# which type o# attach that is to 6e executed$ /#ter having executed the GP2& attach< the ,9 is in the P--C C8NN9CT9D state and -- contexts are esta6lished in the ,9 and the &G&N$ The ,9 may then activate PDP Contexts The ,9 can then initiate the activation #unction at any time #or a PDP Context in the ,9$ / GG&N may re;uest the activation o# a PDP Context to a GP2&Cattached su6scri6er$ ,pon receiving an /CT4V/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29D,9&T message or an /CT4V/T9 &9C8ND/2E PDP C8NT9QT 29D,9&T message< the &G&N will initiate procedures to set up PDP Contexts$ The #irst procedure includes su6scription checking< /PN selection< and host con#iguration< while the latter procedure excludes these #unctions and reuses PDP Context parameters including the PDP address 6ut renegotiates the Do& parameters$ The ,9 in P--C4D79 state sends the &ervice 2e;uest message to the 'GC&G&N in order to esta6lish the P& signalling connection #or the upper layer signalling or #or the resource reservation #or active PDP Contexts$ /#ter receiving the &ervice 2e;uest message the 'GC&G&N may per#orm authentication and it will per#orm the security mode procedure on the ,9$ /#ter the esta6lishment o# the secure P& signalling connection to a 'GC &G&N the ,9 may send signalling messages< e$g$< /ctivate PDP Context 2e;uest< to the 'GC&G&N< or the 'GC&G&N may start the resource reservation #or the active PDP Contexts depending on the re;uested service in the &ervice 2e;uest message$ /n ,9 also uses this procedure in P--CC8NN9CT9D state to re;uest the resource reservation #or the active PDP Contexts$ Data is 6u##ered at the &2NC instead o# at the &G&N 0as in a GC&G&N1< i# a &2N& relocation is per#ormed to the network path< the 6u##ered packets have to 6e passed to the new &2NC #or transmission$ This procedure is per#ormed 6y the &2N& C8NT9QT T2/N&F92 message$ 4# intersystem handover is 6eing per#ormed then the 6u##ered packets #or each PDP Context are trans#erred via the 'GC&G&N to a GC&G&N where they are again 6u##ered$
1!(
1"
&&C
Node
S&NC
S-SN
--SN
&&C
N AP
22 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"*1"ST
N AP
Start &8
N AP
42 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"SP6NS"
N AP
ALCAP
<2 "STA L)S! &"*1"ST .AAL20 ALCAP
ALCAP
ALCAP
$C!'(P
$C!'(P
$C!'(P
32 1PL)N/ SCNC!&6N)SAT)6N $C!'(P
Start T8
&&C
D2 (AC!@ CCC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N S"T1P A1MB &&C F2 )NSCNC! )N$ L: :E2 &A$)6 L)N/ &"ST6&" )N$)CAT)6N
L:
N AP
N AP
&&C
::2 $CC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N S"T1P C6MPL"T" AAMB &&C
C Fi%ure 48 Ser'i"e Re>uest 9ro"e(ure Dia%ra*s= 9a%e 1 o# 4.
1!)
0.1
+er(ice Re1uest
The &ervice 2e;uest procedure is used 6y a ,9 to re;uest the esta6lishment o# a secure connection to a 'GC&G&N$ The ,9 in P--C4D79 state initiates this procedure in order to send uplink signalling messages< user data< or as paging response$ The &ervice 2e;uest message is sent to the &G&N in order to esta6lish the P& signalling connection #or the upper layer signalling or #or the resource reservation #or active PDP Context$
8.1.1
1$ $ '$ %$
Ser'i"e Re>uest 9ro"e(ure
The 22C C8NN9CT48N 29D,9&T message is carried on the CCC: logical channel< which is mapped to the 2/C: transport channel$ The message contains an 4nitial ,9 identity$ The 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29D,9&T message commands the Node 3 to reserve necessary resources and in#orms the Node 3 a6out which 27 con#iguration parameters are to 6e used$ The 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9 message carries the 3inding 4D and the Transport 7ayer /ddress used in setting up the /7C/P //7 connection 6etween the Node 3 and 2NC #or the DC: Frame Protocol$ The /7C/P //7 transport medium is initiated 6y the 2NC transmitting an 92D message$ This message contains the 3inding 4D and Transport 7ayer /ddress copied #rom the 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9 message$ The 3inding 4D #its into the Path 4denti#ier Field and the Transport 7ayer /ddress is included in the &ervice 9nd Point /ddress 49$ The 8riginating &ignalling association 4denti#ier 08&/41 is also included$ The /7C/P //7 connection is completed 6y the Node 3 transmitting an 9&T/374&: C8NF42- 09CF1$ The Destination &ignalling /ssociation 4denti#ier 0D&/41 is the 8&/4 #rom the 92D message$ The ,P74NN and D8JN74NN &ENC:28N4&/T48N message are used to provide in#ormation on the delay 6etween the 2NC and the Node 3< allowing the 2NC to evaluate the timing advance needed when transmitting a #rame on the DC: FP such to arrive in time #or transmitting on the ,u$
*$
($ " )$ 5$ +$
1!$ The 2/D48 74NN 29&T829 4ND4C/T48N message is to in#orm the 2NC that the dedicated channel has 6een correctly esta6lished$ 11$ The ,9 responds with a 22C C8NN9CT48N &9T,P C8-P79T9 message on the DCC: logical channel$ This message con#irms the esta6lishment o# the 22C connection$
1!5
1"
Node
S&NC
S-SN
--SN
:22 $CC!@ )N)T)AL $T G S"&7)C" &"*1"ST H AAMB &&C &&C :42 SCCP C6NN"CT)6N &* G )N)T)AL 1" M"SSA-" G S"&7)C" &"*1"ST H H SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
:<2 SCCP C6NN"CT)6N C6N()&M
SCCP
:52 C6MM6N )$ &ANAP &ANAP
&ANAP :32 $CC!@ S"C1&)TC M6$" C6MMAN$ AAMB
:=2 S"C1&)TC M6$" C6MMAN$
&ANAP
&&C
&&C
&&C
:D2 $CC!@ S"C1&)TC M6$" C6MPL"T" AAMB
&&C :F2 S"C1&)TC M6$" C6MPL"T" &ANAP
&ANAP
&ANAP 2:2 $CC!@ $L$T G )$"NT)TC &"*1"ST H AAMB
2E2 $T G )$"NT)TC &"*1"ST H
&ANAP
&&C
&&C
222 $CC!@ 1L$T G )$"NT)TC &"*1"ST .)M")0 H AAMB &&C
&&C
242 $T G )$"NT)TC &"*1"ST .)M")0 H &ANAP &ANAP
Fi%ure 49 Ser'i"e Re>uest 9ro"e(ure Dia%ra*s= 9a%e 1 o# 4.
1!+
1 $ " 1'$
The #irst message 6etween the ,9 and &G&N has to esta6lish the connections to tunnel messages transparently 6etween the ,9 and &G&N,7DT and D7DT are used as message carriers 6etween the ,9 and 2NC and are esta6lished with the 4N4T4/7 D429CT T2/N&F92 message$ The &CCP C8NN9CT48N 2D message is used to esta6lish the transport medium 6etween the 2NC and &G&N$ The Direct Trans#er message carrier 6etween the 2NC and &G&N is esta6lished with the transmission o# the 4N4T4/7 ,9 message$ The #irst message 6etween the ,9 and the &G&N is the &92V4C9 29D,9&T message and is passed through whilst the &CCP connection is 6eing setCup$ The &92V4C9 29D,9&T message contains a re;uest 6y the ,9 #or a particular service type #rom its peer entity in the network and also contains ,9 capa6ilities re;uired 6y the core network to allocate encryption and integrity algorithms$ The &CCP C8NN9CT48N C8NF42- message is the /cknowledgement o# the &CCP Connection 2D and contains source and destination local identi#iers$
1%$ -
The &CCP C8NN9CT48N C8NF42- message can contain the C8--8N 4D message< 0or another connection orientated 2/N/P message in the user data #ield1 6ut they are transmitted separately to stop delays while waiting #or T-&4 to 4-&4 conversion$
1*$ The C8--8N 4D message is used to in#orm the 2NC o# the 4-&4$ The 2NC will use this in#ormation #or paging coCordination o# connections #rom -&C and &G&Ns$ C The su6se;uent messages going 6etween the ,9 and the &G&N are carried 6y ,7DT and D7DT over the 22C and carried 6y DT messages over the 4u 4nter#ace$
1($ The &9C,24TE -8D9 C8--/ND message speci#ies which ciphering and integrity protection algorithms can 6e used 6y the ,T2/N$ 1)$ The &9C,24TE -8D9 C8--/ND message transmitted on the DCC: 6y the ,T2/N to start ciphering and"or integrity protection parameters$ 15$ The &9C,24TE -8D9 C8-P79T9 message is sent 6y the ,9 to con#irm the recon#iguration o# ciphering and"or integrity protection$ 1+$ The &9C,24TE -8D9 C8-P79T9 message passed over the 4u inter#ace includes the chosen integrity protection and encryption algorithms$ !$ " 1$ $ " '$ The optional 4D9NT4TE 29D,9&T message that is passed 6etween the &G&N and the ,9 re;uests the 4nternational -o6ile 9;uipment 4dentity 04-941 #rom the ,9$ The 4D9NT4TE 29&P8N&9 message contains the 4-94 o# the ,9$ This message has to 6e sent a#ter the ciphering and"or encryption has 6een initiated to maintain user privacy$
11!
1"
Node
S&NC
S-SN
--SN
2<2 &A ASS)-NM"NT &"*1"ST &ANAP 252 "STA L)S! &"*1"ST . AAL2 0 ALCAP 2=2 "STA L)S! C6N()&M . AAL2 0 ALCAP ALCAP ALCAP &ANAP
232 &A$)6 L)N/ &"C6N()- P&"PA&" N AP 2D2 &A$)6 L)N/ &"C6N()- &"A$C N AP
N AP
N AP
ALCAP
2F2 "STA L)S! &"*1"ST .AAL20
ALCAP
ALCAP
4E2 "STA L)S! C6N()&M .AAL20
ALCAP
N AP
4:2 &A$)6 L)N/ &"C6N()- C6MM)T
N AP
&&C
422 $CC!@ &A$)6 "A&"& S"T1P AAMB
&&C
&&C
442 $CC!@ &A$)6 "A&"& S"T1P C6MPL"T" AAMB
&&C
4<2 &A ASS)-NM"NT &"SP6NS" &ANAP &ANAP
Fi%ure 50 Ser'i"e Re>uest 9ro"e(ure Dia%ra*s= 9a%e ! o# 4.
111
%$
The 2/3 /&&4GN-9NT 29D,9&T message can 6e sent 6y the &G&N to re;uest the esta6lishment< modi#ication or release o# one or more 2/3s #or the same ,9$ 4n this case it is sent to esta6lish a 2/3 6etween the &G&N and the ,9$ The 29D,9&T message contains the 3inding 4D and the Transport 7ayer /ddress needed to esta6lish the //7 connection 6etween the 2NC and the &G&N$
*$ The /7C/P //7 transport medium is initiated 6y the 2NC transmitting an 92D message$ This message contains the 3inding 4D and Transport 7ayer /ddress 49s included in the 2/3 /&&4GN-9NT 29D,9&T message$ The 3inding 4D #its into the Path 4denti#ier Field and the Transport 7ayer /ddress is included in the service end point address #ield$ The 8riginating &ignalling /ssociation 4denti#ier 08&/41 is also included$ ($ The /7C/P //7 connection is completed 6y the -GJ transmitting an 9CF$ The D&/4 49 is the 8&/4 49 #rom the 92D message$ )$ The 2/D48 74NN 29C8NF4G,2/T48N P29P/29 message is used to prepare a new con#iguration o# all 27s related to one ,9C,T2/N connection within a Node 3$ ,pon reception< the Node 3 will reserve necessary resources #or the new con#iguration o# the 270s1 according to the parameters given in the message$ 5$ The Node 3 transmits the 2/D48 74NN 29C8NF4G,2/T48N 29/DE message to the 2NC< when the re;uired resources #or the new con#iguration o# the 27 have 6een reserved$ The 2/D48 74NN 29C8NF4G,2/T48N 29/DE message contains the 3inding 4D and the Transport 7ayer$ +$ The /7C/P //7 transport medium is initiated 6y the 2NC transmitting an 92D message$ This message contains the 3inding 4D and Transport 7ayer /ddress 49s included in the 2/D48 74NN 29C8NF4G,2/T48N 29/DE message$ The 3inding 4D is #its into the Path 4denti#ier Field and the Transport 7ayer /ddress 49s are included in the service end point address #ield$ This //7 &VC is in addition to the already esta6lished signalling &VC$ '!$ The Node 3 transmitting an 9CF completes the /7C/P //7 connection$ The D&/4 is the 8&/4 #rom the 92D message$ '1$ The 2/D48 74NN 29C8NF4G,2/T48N C8--4T message is used to order the Node 3 to switch to the new con#iguration #or the 27$ The new con#iguration is already supplied 6y the 2/D48 74NN 29C8NF4G,2/T48N P29P/29 message$ ' $ The 2/D48 39/292 &9T,P message is sent 6y the 2NC to the ,9 to esta6lish new radio 6earers$ ''$ Jhen the ,T2/N has received the 2/D48 39/292 &9T,P C8-P79T9 message< the ,T2/N may delete any old con#iguration$ '%$ The 2/3 /&&4GN-9NT 29&P8N&9 message is sent 6y the 2NC to report the outcome o# the re;uest #rom the 2/3 /&&4GN-9NT 29D,9&T message$
11
1"
Node
S&NC
S-SN
452 1P$AT" P$P C6NT"8T &"*1"ST 4=2 1P$AT" P$P C6NT"8T &"SP6NS"
--SN
-TP
-TP
-TP
-TP
&ANAP
432 $T G M6$)(C P$P C6NT"8T &"*1"ST H
&ANAP
&&C
4D2 $CC!@ $L$T G M6$)(C P$P C6NT"8T &"*1"ST H AAMB
&&C
4F2 $CC!@ 1L$T G M6$)(C P$P C6NT"8T ACC"PT H AAMB &&C
&&C <E2 $T G M6$)(C P$P C6NT"8T ACC"PT H
&ANAP
&ANAP
Fi%ure 51 Ser'i"e Re>uest 9ro"e(ure Dia%ra*s= 9a%e 4 o# 4.
11'
'*$ The ,PD/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29D,9&T message is sent #rom the new &G&N to a GG&N$ The &G&N shall include an &G&N /ddress #or control plane and an &G&N address #or user tra##ic< which may di##er #rom that provided 6y the underlying network service$ The GG&N shall store these &G&N /ddresses and use them when sending su6se;uent control plane on this GTP tunnel or GCPD,s to the &G&N #or the ,9$ '($ The ,PD/T/9 PDP C8NT9QT 29&P8N&9 message is sent #rom the GG&N node to the new &G&N node as a response o# an ,PD/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29D,9&T message$ The Tunnel 9ndpoint 4denti#ier Data #ield speci#ies an uplink Tunnel 9ndpoint 4denti#ier #or GCPD,s that is chosen 6y the GG&N$ The &G&N has to include this Tunnel 9ndpoint 4denti#ier in the GTP header o# all su6se;uent uplink GCPD,s that relates to the re;uested PDP Context$ This in#ormation element shall 6e included i# the Cause contains the value =2e;uest /cceptedI$ The Do& values supplied in the ,pdate PDP Context 2e;uest may 6e negotiated downwards 6y the GG&N$ The negotiated values or the original value #rom &G&N is inserted in the Duality o# &ervice Pro#ile in#ormation element$ The GG&N may start to #orward TCPD,s a#ter the ,PD/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29&P8N&9 message has 6een sent$ The &G&N may start to #orward TCPD,s when T:9 ,PD/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29&P8N&9 message has 6een received$ The &G&N will also need to 6e prepared to receive TCPD,s #rom the GG&N a#ter it has sent an ,PD/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29D,9&T message 6ut 6e#ore an ,PD/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29&P8N&9 message has 6een received$ The GG&N shall include a GG&N /ddress #or control plane and an GG&N address #or user tra##ic< which may di##er #rom that provided 6y the underlying network service 0e$g$ 4P1$ The &G&N shall store these GG&N /ddresses and use them when sending su6se;uent control plane on this GTP tunnel or GCPD,s to the GG&N #or the ,9$ ')$ " '5$ '+$ " %!$ For each 2/3 reCesta6lished with a modi#ied Do& pro#ile< the &G&N initiates a PDP Context -odi#ication procedure to in#orm the ,9 o# the new negotiated Do& pro#ile #or the corresponding PDP Context 6y sending the -8D4FE PDP C8NT9QT 29D,9&T message$ The ,9 acknowledges 6y returning a -8D4FE PDP C8NT9QT /CC9PT message$ 4# the -& does not accept the new Do& Negotiated it shall instead deCactivate the PDP Context$
11%
1"
Node
S&NC
S-SN
--SN
&&C
&&C
N AP
22 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"*1"ST
N AP
Start &8
N AP
42 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"SP6NS"
N AP
ALCAP
ALCAP
ALCAP
$C!'(P
$C!'(P
$C!'(P
32 1PL)N/ SCNC!&6N)SAT)6N $C!'(P
Start T8
&&C
D2 (AC!@ CCC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N S"T1P A1MB &&C
Fi%ure 51 9D9 ,onte<t A"ti'ation Dia%ra*s= 9a%e 1 o# !.
11*
0.2
P"P Conte2t
/ PDP /ddress is a collection o# PDP Contexts stored in the ,9< &G&N and GG&N$ 9ach PDP Context is normally linked to a set o# packet #ilters called a Tra##ic Flow Template 0TFT1$ The packet #ilters in the GG&N are used to check integrity o# in#ormation 6eing passed towards the ,9 and to link the correct PDP Context with the incoming packets$ The PDP Contexts can 6e in either /ctive or 4nactive state$ Jhen the context is in 4nactive state no data can 6e trans#erred and a changing location o# a su6scri6er causes no update #or the PDP Context$ 4n /ctive state< the PDP Context #or the PDP address in use is activated in ,9< &G&N and GG&N$ The PDP Context contains mapping and routeing in#ormation #or trans#erring PDP PD,s 6etween ,9 and GG&N$ The 4u inter#ace radio access 6earer may or may not 6e esta6lished #or an active PDP Context$ The ,9 moves 6etween the two states 6y the PDP Context activation and deactivation procedures$
8.1.1
9D9 ,onte<t A"ti'ation

/ GP2&Cattached ,9 can initiate the activation #unctions at any time #or a PDP Context in the ,9$ / GG&N may re;uest the activation o# a PDP Context to a GP2&Cattached su6scri6er$ ,pon receiving an /CT4V/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29D,9&T message the &G&N shall initiate procedures to set up PDP Contexts< including su6scription checking and host con#iguration$ 8nce activated< all PDP Contexts that share the same PDP address are managed e;ually$
0.2.1.1 P"P Conte2t Acti(ation Proce'ure

1$ $ '$ %$
The 22C C8NN9CT48N 29D,9&T message is carried on the CCC: logical channel< which is mapped to the 2/C: transport channel$ The message contains an 4nitial ,9 identity$ The 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29D,9&T message commands the Node 3 to reserve necessary resources and in#orms the Node 3 a6out which 27 con#iguration parameters are to 6e used$ The 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9 message carries the 3inding 4D and the Transport 7ayer /ddress used in setting up the /7C/P //7 connection 6etween the Node 3 and 2NC #or the DC: Frame Protocol$ The /7C/P //7 transport medium is initiated 6y the 2NC transmitting an 9&T/374&: 29D,9&T 092D1 message$ This message contains the 3inding 4D and Transport 7ayer /ddress copied #rom the 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9 message$ The 3inding 4D #its into the Path 4denti#ier Field and the Transport 7ayer /ddress is included in the service end point address #ield$ The 8riginating &ignalling association 4denti#ier 08&/41 is also included$ The /7C/P //7 connection is completed 6y the Node 3 transmitting an 9CF message$ The D&/4 49 is the 8&/4 49 #rom the 92D message$ The ,P74NN and D8JN74NN &ENC:28N4&/T48N messages are used to provide in#ormation on the delay 6etween the 2NC and the Node 3< allowing the 2NC to evaluate the timing advance needed when transmitting a #rame on the DC: FP such to arrive in time #or transmitting on the ,u$
*$
($ " )$ 5$
The 22C C8NN9CT48N &9T,P message is transmitted on the CCC: logical channel< which is mapped on to the F/C: transport channel$ This message is sent 6y the network to accept the esta6lishment o# an 22C Connection #or the ,9< assigns the signalling link and provides transport channel in#ormation$
11(
1"
Node
S&NC
S-SN
--SN
F2 )NSCNC! )N$ L: L: :E2 &A$)6 L)N/ &ST6&" )N$)CAT)6N
N AP
N AP
&&C
::2 $CC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N S"T1P C6MPL"T" AAMB &&C :22 $CC!@ )N)T)AL $T G S"&7)C" &* H AAMB &&C :42 SCCP C6NN"CT)6N &* G )N)T)AL 1" M"SSA-" G S"&7)C" &* H H SCCP :<2 SCCP C6NN"CT)6N C6N()&M SCCP :52 C6MM6N )$ &ANAP :=2 $T G S"&7)C" ACC"PT H &ANAP :32 $CC!@ $L$T G S"&7)C" ACC"PT H AAMB &ANAP &ANAP SCCP
&&C
SCCP
&&C &&C :D2 $CC!@ $L$T G ACT)7AT" P$P C6NT"8T &"*1"ST H AAMB
&&C &&C &ANAP :F2 $T G ACT)7AT" P$P C6NT"8T &"*1"ST H 2E2 &A ASS)-NM"NT &"*1"ST &ANAP &ANAP &ANAP
2:2 "STA L)S! &"*1"ST . AAL2 0 ALCAP ALCAP
222 "STA L)S! C6N()&M . AAL2 0 ALCAP ALCAP
Fi%ure 5! 9D9 ,onte<t A"ti'ation Dia%ra*s= 9a%e 1 o# !.
11)
+$
The 7ayer 1 &ENC: 4ND message is passed when synchronisation is achieved and the dedicated channel can 6e used 6etween the ,9 and Node 3$
1!$ The 2/D48 74NN 29&T829 4ND4C/T48N message is to in#orm the 2NC that the dedicated channel has 6een correctly esta6lished$ 11$ The ,9 responds with a 22C C8NN9CT48N &9T,P C8-P79T9 message on the DCC: logical channel$ This message con#irms the esta6lishment o# the 22C connection$ 1 $ " 1'$ The #irst message 6etween the ,9 and &G&N has to esta6lish the connections to tunnel messages transparently 6etween the ,9 and &G&N$ ,7DT and D7DT messages are used as message carriers 6etween the ,9 and 2NC and are esta6lished with the 4N4T4/7 D429CT T2/N&F92 message$ The &CCP C8NN9CT48N 2D message is used to esta6lish the transport medium 6etween the 2NC and &G&N$ The Direct Trans#er message carrier 6etween the 2NC and &G&N is esta6lished with the transmission o# the 4N4T4/7 ,9 message$ The &92V4C9 29D,9&T message is the #irst message across to the core network and indicates that a 6earer needs to 6e esta6lished #or signalling$ The &CCP C8NN9CT48N C8NF42- message is the /cknowledgement o# the &CCP C8NN9CT48N 2D message and contains source and destination local identi#iers$ The &CCP C8NN9CT48N C8NF42- message can contain the C8--8N 4D< 0or another connection orientated 2/N/P message in the user data #ield1 6ut they are transmitted separately to stop delays while waiting #or T-&4 to 4-&4 conversion$ The C8--8N 4D message is used to in#orm the 2NC o# the 4-&4$ The 2NC will use this in#ormation #or paging coCordination o# connections #rom -&C and &G&Ns$ The su6se;uent messages going 6etween the ,9 and the &G&N are carried 6y ,plink and Downlink Direct Trans#er messages 0,7DT B D7DT1 over the 22C and carried 6y DT messages over the 4u 4nter#ace$ The &92V4C9 /CC9PT message indicates to the ,9 that it can access the network$ The /CT4V/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29D,9&T message contains a re;uest 6y the ,9 #or activation o# a peer context #rom its peer entity in the network and also contains ,9 capa6ilities re;uired 6y the core network to allocate encryption and integrity algorithms$
1%$ C 1*$ C 1($ " 1)$ 15$ " 1+$
!$ 2/3 /&&4GN-9NT 29D,9&T message can 6e sent 6y the &G&N to re;uest the esta6lishment< modi#ication or release o# one or more 2/3s #or the same ,9$ 4n this case it is sent to esta6lish a 2/3 6etween the -GJ and the ,9$ The 29D,9&T message contains the 3inding 4D and the Transport 7ayer /ddress needed to esta6lish the //7 connection 6etween the 2NC and the -GJ$ 1$ The /7C/P //7 transport medium is initiated 6y the 2NC transmitting an 92D message$ This message contains the 3inding 4D and Transport 7ayer /ddress 49s included in the 2/3 /&&4GN-9NT 29D,9&T message$ The 3inding 4D #its into the Path 4denti#ier Field and the Transport 7ayer /ddress is included in the service end point address #ield$ The 8riginating &ignalling /ssociation 4denti#ier is also included$ $ The /7C/P //7 connection is completed 6y the -GJ transmitting an 9CF message$ The D&/4 49 is the 8&/4 49 #rom the 92D message$
115
1"
Node
S&NC
S-SN
--SN
242 &A$)6 L)N/ &"C6N()- P&"PA&" N AP N AP
N AP
2<2 &A$)6 L)N/ &"C6N()- &"A$C
N AP
ALCAP
252 "STA L)S! &"*1"ST .AAL20
ALCAP
ALCAP
2=2 "STA L)S! C6N()&M .AAL20
ALCAP
232 &A$)6 L)N/ &"C6N()- C6MM)T N AP 2D2 $CC!@ &A$)6 "A&"& S"T1P AAMB N AP
&&C
&&C
&&C
2F2 $CC!@ &A$)6 "A&"& S"T1P C6MPL"T" AAMB
&&C
4E2 &A ASS)-NM"NT &"SP6NS" &ANAP &ANAP 4:2 C&"AT" P$P C6NT"8T &"*1"ST
-TP
-TP
-TP 442 $T G ACT)7AT" P$P C6NT"8T ACC"PT H
422 C&"AT" P$P C6NT"8T &"SP6NS"
-TP
&ANAP
&ANAP
&&C
4<2 $CC!@ $L$T G ACT)7AT" P$P C6NT"8T ACC"PT H AAMB
&&C
Fi%ure 54 9D9 ,onte<t A"ti'ation Dia%ra*s= 9a%e ! o# !.
11+
'$ The 2/D48 74NN 29C8NF4G,2/T48N P29P/29 message is used to prepare a new con#iguration o# all 27s related to one ,9C,T2/N connection within a Node 3$ ,pon reception< the Node 3 will reserve necessary resources #or the new con#iguration o# the 270s1 according to the parameters given in the message$ %$ The Node 3 transmits the 2/D48 74NN 29C8NF4G,2/T48N 29/DE message to the 2NC< when the re;uired resources #or the new con#iguration o# the 27 have 6een reserved$ The 2/D48 74NN 29C8NF4G,2/T48N 29/DE message contains the 3inding 4D and the Transport 7ayer$ *$ The /7C/P //7 transport medium is initiated 6y the 2NC transmitting an 92D message$ This message contains the 3inding 4D and Transport 7ayer /ddress included in the 2/D48 74NN 29C8NF4G,2/T48N 29/DE message$ The 3inding 4D is #its into the Path 4denti#ier Field and the Transport 7ayer /ddress is included in the service end point address #ield$ This //7 &VC is in addition to the already esta6lished signalling &VC$ ($ The /7C/P //7 connection is completed 6y the Node 3 transmitting an 9CF message The D&/4 49 is the 8&/4 49 #rom the 92D message$ )$ The 2/D48 74NN 29C8NF4G,2/T48N C8--4T message is used to order the Node 3 to switch to the new con#iguration #or the 27$ The new con#iguration is already supplied 6y the 2/D48 74NN 29C8NF4G,2/T48N P29P/29 message$ 5$ The 2/D48 39/292 &9T,P message is sent 6y the 2NC to the ,9 to esta6lish new radio 6earers$ +$ Jhen the ,T2/N has received the 2/D48 39/292 &9T,P C8-P79T9 message< the ,T2/N may delete any old con#iguration$ '!$ The 2/3 /&&4GN-9NT 29&P8N&9 message is sent 6y the 2NC to report the outcome o# the re;uest #rom the 2/3 /&&4GN-9NT 29D,9&T message$ '1$ The C29/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29D,9&T message is passed 6etween the &G&N and the GG&N and passes the in#ormation needed to esta6lish the context$ This in#ormation includes -&4&DN< Negotiated Do&< PDP Con#iguration 8ptions< PDP Type< PDP /ddress and /ccess Point Name$ ' $ The C29/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29&P8N&9 message is returned 6y the GG&N to the &G&N and contains and parameters set 6y the GG&N or any alterations that where needed to the PDP Context$ 4# Do& Negotiated received #rom the &G&N is incompati6le with the PDP Context 6eing activated< then the GG&N reMects the Create PDP Context 2e;uest message$ ''$ " '%$ The /CT4V/T9 PDP C8NT9QT /CC9PT message is sent 6y the &G&N to the ,9 and selects 2adio Priority and Packet Flow 4d 6ased on Do& Negotiated$ The &G&N is now a6le to route PDP PD,s 6etween the GG&N and the -&< and to start charging$
1 !
1"
&&C
Node
S&NC
S-SN
--SN
&&C
N AP
22 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"*1"ST
N AP
Start &8
N AP
42 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"SP6NS"
N AP
ALCAP
ALCAP
ALCAP
$C!'(P
$C!'(P
$C!'(P
32 1PL)N/ SCNC!&6N)SAT)6N
$C!'(P
Start T8
&&C
D2 (AC!@ CCC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N S"T1P A1MB &&C F2 )NSCNC )N$ L: :E2 &A$)6 L)N/ &"ST6&" )N$)CAT)6N
L:
N AP
N AP
&&C
::2 $CC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N S"T1P C6MPL"T" AAMB &&C
Fi%ure 55 9D9 ,onte<t Dea"ti'ation Dia%ra*s= 9a%e 1 o# !.
1 1
8.1.1
9D9 ,onte<t Dea"ti'ation

,pon receiving a D9/CT4V/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29D,9&T message< the &G&N shall initiate procedures to deactivate the PDP Context$ The 2/3 can then 6e released 6y sending the 2/3 /&&4GN-9NT 2D$ The preservation #unctionality allows the active PDP Contexts associated with the released 2/3s to 6e preserved without modi#ication in the CN< and the 2/3s can then 6e reCesta6lished at a later stage$
0.2.2.1 P"P Conte2t "eacti(ation Proce'ure

1$ $ '$ %$ The 22C C8NN9CT48N 29D,9&T message is carried on the CCC: logical channel< which is mapped to the 2/C: transport channel$ The message contains an 4nitial ,9 identity$ The 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29D,9&T message commands the Node 3 to reserve necessary resources and in#orms the Node 3 a6out which 27 con#iguration parameters are to 6e used$ The 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9 message carries the 3inding 4D and the Transport 7ayer /ddress used in setting up the /7C/P //7 connection 6etween the Node 3 and 2NC #or the DC: Frame Protocol$ The /7C/P //7 transport medium is initiated 6y the 2NC transmitting an 92D message$ This message contains the 3inding 4D and Transport 7ayer /ddress 49s copied #rom the 2/D48 74NN &9T,P 29&P8N&9 message$ The 3inding 4D #its into the Path 4denti#ier Field and the Transport 7ayer /ddress is included in the service end point address #ield$ The 8riginating &ignalling association 4denti#ier is also included$ The /7C/P //7 connection is completed 6y the Node 3 transmitting an 9CF message The Destination &ignalling /ssociation 4denti#ier is the 8&/4 #rom the 92D message$ The ,P74NN and D8JN74NN &ENC:28N4&/T48N messages are used to provide in#ormation on the delay 6etween the 2NC and the Node 3< allowing the 2NC to evaluate the timing advance needed when transmitting a #rame on the DC: FP such to arrive in time #or transmitting on the ,u$ The 22C C8NN9CT48N &9T,P message is transmitted on the CCC: logical channel< which is mapped on to the F/C: transport channel$ This message is sent 6y the network to accept the esta6lishment o# an 22C Connection #or the ,9< assigns the signalling link and provides transport channel in#ormation$ The 7ayer 1 &ENC: 4ND message is passed when synchronisation is achieved and the dedicated channel can 6e used 6etween the ,9 and Node 3$ The 2/D48 74NN 29&T829 4ND4C/T48N message is to in#orm the 2NC that the dedicated channel has 6een correctly esta6lished$ The ,9 responds with a 22C C8NN9CT48N &9T,P C8-P79T9 message on the DCC: logical channel$ This message con#irms the esta6lishment o# the 22C connection$
*$
($ " )$ 5$ +$ 1!$ 11$
1"
Node
:22 $CC!@ )N)T)AL $T G S"&7)C" &* H AAMB
S&NC
S-SN
--SN
&&C
&&C :42 SCCP C6NN"CT)6N &* G )N)T)AL 1" M"SSA-" G S"&7)C" &* H H SCCP :<2 SCCP C6NN"CT)6N C6N()&M :52 C6MM6N )$ &ANAP :=2 $T G S"&7)C" ACC"PT H &ANAP &ANAP :32 $CC!@ $L$T G S"&7)C" ACC"PT H AAMB &ANAP SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
&&C
&&C
&&C
:D2 $CC!@ $L$T G $"ACT)7AT" P$P C6NT"8T &* H AAMB
&&C &ANAP :F2 $T G $"ACT)7AT" P$P C6NT"8T &* H &ANAP 2E2 $"L"T" P$P C6NT"8T &"*1"ST 2:2 $"L"T" P$P C6NT"8T &"SP6NS"
-TP
-TP
-TP &ANAP 242 $CC!@ $L$T G $"ACT)7AT" P$P C6NT"8T ACC"PT H AAMB 222 $T G $"ACT)7AT" P$P C6NT"8T ACC"PT H &ANAP
-TP
&&C
&&C 2<2&A ASS)-NM"NT &*
&ANAP
&ANAP
252 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST .AAL20 ALCAP ALCAP
ALCAP
2=2 &"L"AS" C6N()&M .AAL20 ALCAP
Fi%ure 56 9D9 ,onte<t Dea"ti'ation Dia%ra*s= 9a%e 1 o# !.
1 '
1 $ " 1'$
The #irst message 6etween the ,9 and &G&N has to esta6lish the connections to tunnel messages transparently 6etween the ,9 and &G&N$ ,7DT and D7DT are used as message carriers 6etween the ,9 and 2NC and are esta6lished with the 4N4T4/7 D429CT T2/N&F92 message$ The &CCP C8NN9CT48N 2D message is used to esta6lish the transport medium 6etween the 2NC and &G&N$ The Direct Trans#er message carrier 6etween the 2NC and &G&N is esta6lished with the transmission o# the 4N4T4/7 ,9 message$ The #irst message 6etween the ,9 and the &G&N is the &92V4C9 29D,9&T message and is passed through whilst the &CCP connection is 6eing setCup$ The &CCP C8NN9CT48N C8NF42- message is the /cknowledgement o# the &CCP C8NN9CT48N 2D message and contains source and destination local identi#iers$ The &CCP C8NN9CT48N C8NF42- message can contain the C8--8N 4D< 0or another connection orientated 2/N/P message in the user data #ield1 6ut they are transmitted separately to stop delays while waiting #or T-&4 to 4-&4 conversion$
1%$
1*$ The C8--8N 4D is used to in#orm the 2NC o# the 4-&4$ The 2NC will use this in#ormation #or paging coCordination o# connections #rom -&C and &G&Ns$ 1($ " 1)$ 15$ " 1+$ The &92V4C9 /CC9PT message is passed to the ,9 6y the &G&N once the ,9 has 6een accepted onto the network$ The D9/CT4V/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29D,9&T message contains a re;uest 6y the ,9 #or deactivation o# a peer context #rom its peer entity in the network and also contains ,9 capa6ilities re;uired 6y the core network to allocate encryption and integrity algorithms$ $ 4# the &G&N receives a D9/CT4V/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29D,9&T message #or a PDP Context that is currently 6eing activated< then the &G&N shall stop the PDP Context /ctivation procedure without responding to the ,9< and continue with the PDP Context Deactivation procedure initiated 6y ,9$
!$
The su6se;uent messages going 6etween the ,9 and the &G&N are carried 6y ,7DT and D7DT messages over the 22C and carried 6y DT messages over the 4u 4nter#ace$ The D979T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29D,9&T message sent 6y the &G&N to the GG&N re;uests that the active PDP Contexts in the GG&Ns< used 6y this particular ,9< are deactivated$ 4# Teardown 4ndicator 49 was included in the D9/CT4V/T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29D,9&T message sent 6y the ,9< then the &G&N includes the indicator in the D979T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29D,9&T message$ 4# the GG&N receives the 4ndicator< it deactivates all PDP Contexts associated with this PDP address$ The GG&N removes the PDP Contexts and returns a D979T9 PDP C8NT9QT 29&P8N&9 message to the &G&N$ 4# the ,9 is deleting the last PDP Context associated with this dynamic PDP address then the GG&N releases this PDP address and makes it availa6le #or use 6y other ,9s$ The D9/CT4V/T9 PDP C8NT9QT /CC9PT message is generated 6y the &G&N< and passed to the ,9< to in#orm the ,9 that itIs D9/CT4V/T48N PDP C8NT9QT 29D,9&T message was success#ul$
1$ $ " '$
%$ The 2/3 /&&4GN-9NT 29D,9&T message is sent 6y the &G&N to re;uest the esta6lishment< modi#ication or release o# one or more 2/3s #or the same ,9$ 4n this case it is sent to release the 2adio /ccess 3earer 02/31 6etween the &G&N and the ,9$ *$ The /7C/P //7 connection can 6e deleted once the 2/3 /&&4GN-9NT 29D,9&T message has 6een returned to the 2NC$ The message indicates the radio access 6earer is no longer re;uires and is to 6e removed$ The 2NC initiates the //7 virtual circuit release 6y transmitting a 297 to the &G&N #or each Virtual Circuit to 6e removed ($ The /7C/P //7 connection is completed 6y the &G&N transmitting an 9CF message The Destination &ignalling /ssociation 4denti#ier 49 is the 8&/4 49 #rom the 92D message$
1 %
1"
Node
S&NC
S-SN
--SN
&&C
232 $CC!@ &A$)6 "A&"& &"L"AS" AAMB
&&C
&&C
2D2 $CC!@ &A$)6 "A&"& &"L"AS" C6MPL"T" AAMB
&&C
&&C
2F2 $CC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N &"L"AS" A1MB
&&C
*uick &epeat
4E2 &A ASS)-NM"NT &"SP &ANAP 4:2 SCCP &"L"AS"$ 422 SCCP &"L"AS" C6MPL"T"
&ANAP
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP 442 $CC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N &"L"AS" C6MPL"T" A1MB
SCCP
&&C
&&C
*uick &epeat
N AP
4<2 &A$)6 L)N/ $"L"T)6N &"*1"ST 452 &A$)6 L)N/ $"L"T)6N &"SP6NS" 4=2 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST .AAL20 432 &"L"AS" &"*1"ST .AAL20
N AP
N AP
N AP
ALCAP
ALCAP
ALCAP
ALCAP
ALCAP ALCAP
4D2 &"L"AS" C6N()&M .AAL20 4F2 &"L"AS" C6N()&M .AAL20
ALCAP ALCAP
Fi%ure 57 9D9 ,onte<t Dea"ti'ation Dia%ra*s= 9a%e ! o# !.
1 *
)$ The 2/D48 39/292 2979/&9 message instructs the ,9 on the 2/3 release$ 5$ The 2/D48 39/292 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message acknowledges the release re;uest$ +$ Jhen the 2/3 has 6een released 6y the &G&N< the 2NC initiates the termination o# the connection 6etween the 2NC and the ,9$ This termination is started 6y the 2NC transmitting an 22C C8NN9CT48N 2979/&9 message$ The connection release can 6e transmitted on the DCC:< as the DC: Frame Protocol has not 6een removed$ '!$ The 2/3 /&&4GN-9NT 29&P8N&9 message indicates to the &G&N that the 2/3 has 6een success#ully removed$ This message includes a report on the 2/3 to the &G&N$ '1$ The &CCP connection is released 6y the &CCP 2979/&9D message #rom the -&C to the 2NC< when the -&C realises that the connection is no longer re;uired$ ' $ The &CCP 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message is the acknowledgement to the 2979/&9D re;uest message$ ''$ The ,9 replies to the 22C C8NN9CT48N 2979/&9 message with an 22C C8NN9CT48N 2979/&9 C8-P79T9 message< which is repeated a #ew times in ;uick succession$ '%$ The 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29D,9&T message sent 6y the 2NC to release the resources in a Node 3 #or one or more esta6lished 27s towards a ,9$ ,pon receipt o# this message< the Node 3 shall delete the 27s identi#ied in the message and release all associated resources$ '*$ /#ter the Node 3 has released the resources as re;uested< the Node 3 responds to the 2NC with a 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message$ '($ " ')$ The /7C/P //7 connections can 6e deleted once the 2/D48 74NN D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message has 6een returned to the 2NC$ The 27 D979T48N 29&P8N&9 message indicates the 27 has 6een success#ully removed and the DC: FP and TC: are no longer re;uired$ The //7 connections are deleted 6y transmitting one 297 message #or each //7 connection$ The 27C messages can 6e returned in any order #rom the Node 3< Must to acknowledge each //7 connection release$
'5$ " '+$
1 (

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Core Network Development Technology Group

UMTS SIGNALLING FLOW DIAGRAMS

Issue: Date: Do". Re#.

Aut$or: Ori%inator: A&&ro'e(: A&&ro'e(:

Dave Fox Chris Pudney

,-T& &ignalling Flow Diagrams

*$ -o6ile Terminating Call Procedural 8verview.............................................. 5

($' ,T2/N 2egistration /rea ,pdate Procedure...............................................((

)$ &o#t :andover Procedures...............................................................51

,-T& &ignalling Flow Diagrams

,-T& &ignalling Flow Diagrams

,-T& &ignalling Flow Diagrams

,-T& &ignalling Flow Diagrams

,-T& &ignalling Flow Diagrams

,-T& &ignalling Flow Diagrams

Fi%ure 1 A""ess Net;or: Mo(u0es an( Inter#a"es.

Transport Protocols As.n"$ronous Trans#er Mo(e )ATM+

,-T& &ignalling Flow Diagrams

P7C P7C S7C

Si%na00in% ,onne"tion ,ontro0 9art )S,,9+

=2 inding )d <2 "sta#lishment &e+uest . inding )d ; Transport Layer Address0

42 inding )d ; Transport Layer Address

Fi%ure ! Iu/ Messa%e Trans#er #or S;it"$e( Virtua0 ,onne"tion 5sta/0is$*ent

Fun"tiona0it. o# t$e No(e 2

Fun"tiona0it. o# t$e RN,

,-T& &ignalling Flow Diagrams

T$e Ra(io Inter#a"e )Uu+

T$e Iu/ Inter#a"e

,-T& &ignalling Flow Diagrams

L1 AAL2 AAL5 AAL5

L1 AAL2 AAL5 AAL5

Fi%ure 4 5<a*&0e 9roto"o0 Sta": o# A""ess Stratu*

,-T& &ignalling Flow Diagrams

> Some MAC?&LC?&&C functionality e,ists in the Node

T$e Iur Inter#a"e

,-T& &ignalling Flow Diagrams

T$e Ra(io Resour"e ,ontro0 )RR,+ 9roto"o0

MAC Su# Layer

Transport Channel SAPs

,-T& &ignalling Flow Diagrams

4.4.1.2 The Lo ical Channels

,-T& &ignalling Flow Diagrams

T$e No(e 2 A&&0i"ation 9art )N2A9+

T$e Ra(io Net;or: Su/s.ste* A&&0i"ation 9art )RNSA9+

,-T& &ignalling Flow Diagrams

T$e Ra(io A""ess Net;or: A&&0i"ation 9art )RANA9+

Mo/i0it. Mana%e*ent )MM+ an( ,a00 ,ontro0 ),,+

,-T& &ignalling Flow Diagrams

"ia ra# Notation

2/C:@ CCC:@ 22C C8NN9CT48N 29D,9&T KT-L

&CCP C8NN9CT48N 2D > 4N4T4/7 ,9 -9&&/G9 > C- &92V4C9 29D,9&T ? ?

Fi%ure 6 5<&0anation o# Si%na00in% Dia%ra* Notation.

,-T& &ignalling Flow Diagrams

$o%ile &ri inatin Call Proce'ural &(er(ie)

,-T& &ignalling Flow Diagrams

:2 &AC!@ CCC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N &"*1"ST ATMB

22 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"*1"ST

Start &8 42 &A$)6 L)N/ S"T1P &"SP6NS"

<2 "STA L)S! &"*1"ST .AAL20

52 "STA L)S! C6N()&M .AAL20

D2 (AC!@ CCC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N S"T1P A1MB

:E2 &A$)6 L)N/ &"ST6&" )N$)CAT)6N

::2 $CC!@ &&C C6NN"CT)6N S"T1P C6MPL"T" AAMB

Fi%ure 7 Mo/i0e Ori%inatin% ,a00 5sta/0is$*ent 9ro"e(ure= 9a%e 1 o# 5.

Fi%ure 4 5<a&0e 9roto"o0 Sta": o# A""ess Stratu

Mo/i0e Ori%inatin% ,a00 5sta/0is$ent Dia%ras

342 &"L"AS" &"1"ST. AAL2 0 3<2 &"L"AS" &"1"ST . AAL2 0

Fi%ure 11 Mo/i0e Terinatin% ,a00 5sta/0is$ent 9ro"e(ure= 9a%e 1 o# 5.

Mo/i0e Terinatin% ,a00 5sta/0is$ent Dia%ra*s

Fi%ure 1! Mo/i0e Terinatin% ,a00 5sta/0is$ent 9ro"e(ure= 9a%e 1 o# 5.