Colonialism Beginnings to 1800

Nati*e Americans use their m!ths to e"plain the creation of the worl an human#in $s relationships with each other or to nature. P+ritans (%&''$s( %)''$s* were a group persecute for religious +eliefs in ,nglan who came to America for religious free om an wrote on an a+out -i+lical mo els. Rationalists +elieve that humans coul arrive at truth +! using reason.

Overview of American Literature Major Characteristics http://goo.gl/LewI5m American American A New Realism 'o(ernsRomanticism RenaissanceAmerican 18&0-1 00 1 00-1 &0 1800-1860 1840-1860 Poetry W. (181 -18 !" # $. (18%0-1886" .his literar! .his literar! .hese two Civil 4ar 4riters +ol l! perio value re+irth +egan with people were writing favore e"perimente with ,eeling an( the 9uestion2 04ill +oth great realistic new st!les an int+ition over there ever +e a innovators of a characters an rejecte tra itional reason. It was greater writer than new wa! of settings over themes. After characteri/e +! 6ha#espeare:1 writing +ut those that were 4orl 4ar I2 -eroes an( /ranscen(entalis were total contrive . isillusionment .o+rneys. Most m was a +elief of opposites. 6eeing the a+oun e 2 an of these s!m+olic fin ing religion in W-itman was horrors of war new moral co es 0trips1 were nature. ,ver!thing a s)o2esman ma e 4hitman tempte some. moving awa! was a reflection of ,or )rogress3 more optimistic 6ome wrote of the from the evil of the ivine soul an( $ic2inson +ecause heroes American (ream3 civili/ation an accor ing to wrote overcame so which showe this the +on s of ,merson an )ri*ately o, much suffering countr! as a lan rational thought .horeau. -er s)irit+al +ut ma#e of promise2 a place to the purit! of 1ot-ic i eals meta)-ors in Melville more for optimists2 an nature an the loo#e at the ar# nat+re. pessimistic a worl for the free om of the si e of human +ecause of the in epen ent imagination. nature using pain he in ivi ualist. .he! preferre spoo#! settings2 witnesse . 3,merson efine !outhful m!sterious Realism sought its elements most innocence2 illnesses2 strange to portra! clearl!*. <ather in ivi ual soun s2 an live or inar! life in than most writers free om2 the +urials 3in wor#s non(romantic coming from =ew wis om of the of 7oe2 Melville2 settings2 an to ,nglan 2 man! past2 fascination an 5awthorne* to e"plain wh! now came from with the ma#e people face people act the the 6outh2 the supernatural2 their feelings. wa! the! o. Mi west2 or the inspiration of Regionalism 4est. Mar"ism fol# culture2 an (or local color an >reu $s poetr! as the writing" ps!cholanl!sis highest focuse on a rew man! awa! e"pression of small from the ol creativit!. 2/-e geographical values. 4tream o, 0iresi(e )oets area an trie to conscio+sness 3the -oston poets accuratel! writing use no of Longfellow2 repro uce the chronolog! +ut Lowell2 4hittier2 speech an followe a an 5olmes manners of that character$s sometimes region. ran om thoughts referre to as Nat+ralism wherever the! 06choolroom was a %;th c. went. .he ?a// 7oets1 * were literar! Age2 of the e"tremel! movement that <oaring @'$s2 popular2 often wante to show foun people memori/e 2 an life e"actl! as it see#ing pleasure usuall! recite . is2 with people to avoi the .heir su+ject +ehaving li#e restraints of the matter 3love2 animals who 7rohi+ition. patriotism2 follow natural ,"patriates left nature2 famil!2 laws of the America in search 8o * comforte universe an of grace an their au iences sometimes are lu"ur! a+roa . +ut i not not a+le to 6ome rejecte the challenge them control their i eal American to +e innovative. own estinies. hero for one who Psyc-ological is flawe +ut has ,iction occurs honor an insi e a courage. character$s 4ym5olists an min while the 6magists universe is ominate new in ifferent. poetr!.

Contem)orary 1 &0-Present

1allows -+mor (+! Aurt Bonnegut ?r.2 ?oseph 5eller2 an .err! 6outhern* laughe at life$s tragic ironies2 ac#nowle ging the a+sur an the grotes9ue. 7ostwar science an technolog! gave economic growth +ut left in ivi uals lost in a fast(pace 2 impersonal worl . Post-mo(ern wor# allows ,or m+lti)le meanings an( worl(s3 nontra(itional ,orms3 an( comments +)on itsel,. 6t -as c+lt+ral (i*ersity3 5l+rre( lines 5etween ,iction an( non,iction3 an( relie( on t-e )ast. .ruman Capote calle his In Cold Blood a 0nonfiction novel.1 3.he tone of the +oo# is almost as important as the facts themselves*. New .o+rnalism or (7iterary 8o+rnalism" has a e personal an fictional elements to nonfiction2 ma#ing it more popular with rea ers. Contemporar! poetr! +ecame more personal an accessi+le an more challenging of convention. /-e Beat )oets3 nonconformist new +ohemians or hippies2 crie out against conformit! of the %;5'$s. Allen 8ins+erg$s Howl an <o+ert Lowell$s Life Studies were a+out personal e"periences.

Colonialism Beginnings to 1800

American Romanticism 1800-1860

American Renaissance1840-1860

4ashington Irving$s The Sketch Book 30<ip Ban 4in#le1 F 0.he Legen of 6leep! 5ollow1* 4illiam -ra for $s 0Of 7l!mouth 7lantation1 4illiam Cullen -r!ant$s 0.han( atopsis1

<alph 4al o ,merson$s Nature an SelfReliance

A New American Poetry W. (181 -18 !" # $. (18%0-1886" 4hitman$s 0I 5ear America 6inging1 an Song of Myself

Realism 18&0-1 00

,. A. <o+inson an <o+ert >rost from =ew ,nglan an , gar Lee Masters from the Mi west wrote tra itional verse forms. .he C9arlem Renaissance 3%;@'$s mi %;D'$s* was a re+irth of African( American art2 music2 an literature focuse mainl! in the 5arlem section of =ew Eor# Cit!. It use ghetto speech an the rh!thms of ja// an +lues to enhance poetr!. As a +elief in self( reliance persiste 2 :(enic American writers in the Mo ernist era #ept as2ing ;+estions a5o+t t-e meaning an( )+r)ose o, -+man e<istence. 'o(erns1 00-1 &0

/-e Con,essional 4c-ool o, Poets3 frien s or 3li#e 6!lvia 7lath2 Anne 6e"ton an ?ohn -err!man* wrote +rutal poems a+out their private lives. Oral performance at poetr! 0slams1 in icates a fresh voice an a new attitu e of poetr! with a emocratic 9ualit!2 +ut the same familiar themes2 see#ing spiritual revelations in or inar! life.

Contem)orary 1 &0-Present

5enr! Gavi .horeau$s )alden# or Life in the )oods' Resistance to Ci,il +o,ern ent

Gic#inson$s 0.he 7oems of ,.G1I 06uccess Is Counte 6weetest1I 0-ecause I Coul =ot 6top for Geath1$I 0I 5ear a >l! -u//(4hen I Gie 1

>re eric# Gouglas$ My Bondage and My Freedo an The Life and Ti es of Frederick !ouglas Aate Chopin$s The &wakening an 0A 7air of 6il# 6toc#ings1

4illa Cather$s "# $ioneers% an My &ntonia' (& )agner Matinee*

<o+ert Lowell$s 0>or the Hnion Gea 1I a pla! The "ld +lory a+out the stories of Melville an 5awthorne -ernar Malamu $s The NaturalI short stor! collection 0.he Magic -arrel1

<o+ert >rost$s Mountain Inter,al 30.he <oa =ot .a#en1 an 0-irches*-

Mar! <owlan son$s 0A =arrative of the Captivit!1

5enr! 4a sworth Longfellow$s 0,vangeline1 an 0.he Legen of 5iawatha1I 0.he <opewal#1 an 0.he Cross of 6now1

7oe$s 0.he >all of 5ouse of Hsher21 0.he <aven21 0.he 7urloine Letter21 0.he .ell(.ale 5eart21 F0.he Cas# of Amontilla o1I foun er of mo ern etective stor!

Mar# .wain$s Life on the Mississi..i# &d,entures of Huckle/erry Finn# an &d,entures of To Sawyer

>. 6cott >it/geral $s The +reat +ats/y an Tender Is the Night

<ichar 4right$s Black Boy

Colonialism Beginnings to 1800

American Romanticism 1800-1860

American Renaissance1840-1860

A New American Poetry W. (181 -18 !" # $. (18%0-1886"

Realism 18&0-1 00

'o(erns1 00-1 &0

Contem)orary 1 &0-Present

3A 6outhern 7lanter* 4illiam -!r $s 0.he 5istor! of the Givi ing Line1

?ohn 8reenleaf 4hittier$s 06now(-oun : A 4inter I !ll1

=athaniel 5awthorne$s 0.he Minister$s -lac# Beil1I Twice-Told Tales' The Scarlet Letter

Olau ah ,9uiano$s 0.he Interesting =arrative of the Life of Olau ah ,9uiano1

Oliver 4en all 5olmes$ 0Ol Ironsi es1 an 0.he Cham+ere =autilus1I foun er of &tlantic Monthly maga/ine

5erman Melville$s Mo/y !ick' Billy Budd

Am+rose -ierce$s 0An Occurrence at Owl Cree# -ri ge1I The !e,il0s !ictionary2 or The Cynic0s )ord Book 6tephan Crane$s The Red Badge of Courage an Maggie1 & +irl of the Streets ?ac# Lon on$s .he Call of the 4il I 0.o -uil a >ire1I The Sea )olf

?ohn 6tein+ec#$s "f Mice and Men an The +ra.es of )rath

,li/a+eth -ishop$s 1.he >ish1

,u ora 4elt!$s 0A 4orn 7ath1I The ".ti ist0s !aughter' The $onder Heart' "ne )riter0s Beginnings , win Arlington <o+inson$s The Town !own the Ri,er' .il+ur! .own poemsI 0<ichar Cor!1I 0Miniver Cheev!1 ,. 5emingwa!$s' & Farewell to &r s' For )ho the Bell Tolls' The "ld Man2 the Sea .. 6. ,liot$s The )aste Land' The Hollow Men' 0.he Love 6ong of ?. Alfre 7rufroc#1 >lanner! O$Conner$s & +ood Man Is Hard To Find , gar Lee Masters$ 6poon <iver Antholog!I 0Lucin a Matloc#1 , na 6t. Bincent Milla!$s Renascence and "ther $oe s Aatherine Anne 7orter$s 0.he ?ilting of 8rann! 4eatherall1I $ale Horse# $ale Rider

?ohn Hp i#e$s 06on1

Anne -ra street$s 05ere >ollow 6ome Berses Hpon the -urning of Our 5ouse1 ?onathan , war s$s 06inners in the 5an s of an Angr! 8o 1 -en >ran#lin$s The &uto/iogra.hy

Anne 6e"ton$s 0.he -ells1

Alice 4al#er$s The Color $ur.le an 0In 6earch of Our Mothers$ 8ar ens1 Am! .an$s 0.he <ules of the 8ame1I The 3oy Luck ?ames -al win$s +o Tell It on the Mountain 6!lvia 7lath$s 0Mirror1

7atric# 5enr!$s 06peech to the Birginia Convention1 .homas 7aine$s 0.he Crisis2 =o. %1 an The Rights of Man .homas ?efferson$s The &uto/iogra.hy1 The !eclaration of Inde.endence 7h!llis 4heatle!$s 07oems1

6an ra Cisneros$ The House on Mango Street A':R6CAN $RA'A -asic elements are e"position2 characters2 an conflict. A success re9uires colla+oration +etween the pla!wright2 the pro ucer2 the irector2 the actors2 an the au ience.

Colonialism Beginnings to 1800

American Romanticism 1800-1860

American Renaissance1840-1860

A New American Poetry W. (181 -18 !" # $. (18%0-1886"

Realism 18&0-1 00

'o(erns1 00-1 &0

Contem)orary 1 &0-Present

4illiam >aul#ner$s 0A <ose for ,mil!21 The Sound and the Fury' The 4n,an5uished

*Harlem Renaissance

8?ames 4el on. ?ohnson$s*+o !own# !eath*

.heater seems to ramati/e accepte attitu es an values +ecause it is a social art. ,ugene O$=eill 3%)))(%;5D* is America$s most important pla!wright with pla!s li#e The +reat +od Brown# !ays )ithout 6nd# an Strange Interlude7 5e won the =o+el 7ri/e in literature in %;D&. ,uropean pla!wrights 5enri# I+sen from =orwa!2 August 6trin +erg from 6we en2 an Anton Che#hov from <ussia greatl! influence American rama +! shifting ramatic action to intense inner emotional concerns of common life. .his is calle 0slice(of( life1 ramatic techni9ue. 4e see a realistic pla! through a 0,o+rt- wall= that has +een remove from real life so that we can see into the character$s lives. Arthur Miller 3%;%5( * is a pla!wright of social conscience. 5e uses characters$ ps!chological ma#eup2 along with social2 philosophical2 an economic atmosphere of their times to wor# his magic.5e wrote The !eath of a Sales an an The Cruci/le7

Colonialism Beginnings to 1800

American Romanticism 1800-1860

American Renaissance1840-1860

A New American Poetry W. (181 -18 !" $. (18%0-1886"

Realism 18&0-1 00

'o(erns1 00-1 &0

Contem)orary 1 &0-Present

8Clau e McAa!$s (& erica*

8Countee Cullen$s Ta/leau*

.ennessee 4illiams 3%;%%(%;)D* wrote realistic rama mi"e with imaginative2 poetic sensi+ilit! in his pla!s The +lass Menagerie# an & Streetcar Na ed !esire an has +een calle the pla!wright of our souls. 5is characters are often lost women ealing with their own social tensions an pro+lems. /-e /-eater o, t-e A5s+r( or :<)ressionist (rama2 oes not rel! on time or er +ut presents action in a fragmente wa!. It is a revolt against realism. Correspon ing to stream(of( consciousness writing2 it is e"pressive an e"perimental. 6amuel -ec#ett$s )aitng for +odot2 ,ugene Ionesco$s The Bald So.rano2an , war Al+ee$s )ho0s &fraid of 9irginia )olfe: are e"amples.

8Jora =eale 5urstson$s (!ust Tracks on a Road* 8Langston 5ughes$ 0The )eary Blues* an (Harle * ,/ra 7oun $s The Cantos 4illiam Carlos 4illiams$ 0.he <e 4heel+arrow1 4allace 6tevens$ 0Anec ote of the ?ar$ Carl 6an +urg$s 0Chicago1 an 0>og1 ,. ,. Cummings$ .ulips an

Chimne!s an 2