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Pre-Post Flood Management
Pre-Post Flood Management
Pre-Post Flood Management
PROJECT SUBMITTED BY CHETAN.D PISE SAGAR.S PATIL PETKAR NAVJYOT.M.SARNAIK S.E (MECH) KAPIL.B SALVE SANGRAM.S
Abstr !t:Flooding is one of the major natural hazards to human society and an important influence on social and economic development. In India, Bihar, West Bengal, Assam, etc. his regions suffered severe floods in !"#$,!"%$,!"%#,!"%&,!"'$,!"'%,!"'',!""(,!""',)*** and this results in e+tensive damage to life and property. he regions accounts for #*, of country land surface, $), of its population, &!, of its flood prone area and '#, of flood losses. o mitigate flood losses, mostly drainage channels and a num-er of to.n protection .or/s have -een underta/en. hese measures have provided a reasona-le degree of protection to only half of the region of flood prone area. his project also deals .ith several causes of flooding such as -an/ overspill from a river having a high discharge, impeded drainage due to high .ater levels in river or particular topography and heavy rainfall on an area in com-ination .ith insufficient drainage capacity of that area. he several non-structural measures such as flood forecasting and .arning and flood proofing programmes have also -een ta/en. 0uring high floods, many treaches occur, causing inundation over vast area1s for most of the monsoon months of 2une to 3eptem-er. his paper also deals .ith effectiveness of the measures ta/en so far and .ith future strategy to lessen the adverse impact of floods on socioeconomic conditions .ith special emphasis on participatory flood management and flood loss mitigation preparedness programmes. he participatory flood management measures could -e 4!5 Watershed management of micro and macro level. 4)5 Flood emergencies. 4(5 3oil conservation and afforestation. 4$5 0isaster management and preparedness. 4#5 Flood forecasting, issuance of .arnings and their 6uic/ dissemination through signals. 4&5 Flood relief. 4%5 Flood proofing programmes. 4'5 Flood fighting.
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F*##$' It can -e defined as, a volume of .ater enters a certain area and it cannot -e discharged 6uic/ly enough through the river channels proper. As a conse6uences thereof, .ater level rises until -an/ful stage is reached, then -an/ overspill starts and flooding occurs. hroughout the .orld floods and flooding occur as natural phenomena .hich, in most cases, are not much appreciated -y people living in the affected areas. 7onse6uently, flood management and flood control are introduced in many places to prevent the negative conse6uences of the flood. F*##$ M " +(,("t: It refers to the overall process involved in mitigating the e+tent of flooding and the resulting damage -y flooding.
h5 :eavy local rainfall. Inade6uate drainage to carry a.ay surface .ater 6uic/ly i5 ;ac/ of proper control of land use and developmental .or/s resulting in o-struction of the natural flo..
In addition, a live storage of !%% -illion cu-ic meters created so far in the various reservoirs for irrigation, hydropo.er generation, drin/ing .ater etc. also help in reducing flood intensity -y storing part of the flood .aters in them. 3tate-.ise -rea/-up of the achievement in flood management is as -elo.: -
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In order to improve the effectiveness of the em-an/ments and their protection against .ater erosion, very costly anti-erosion .or/s have -een carried out, as detailed -elo..
5) F*##$ (,(r+("!3'
When flooding of great magnitude occurs, protective measures that .ere designed for lesser floods fail. As such, it is desira-le that people -e made a.are of the limitations of the
protective measures ta/en and -e prepared for emergencies to face flood disasters.
he
people need to -e associated to the plans to -e ta/en during a flood emergency for the prevention or reduction of damage in -oth protected and unprotected areas. he actions to -e ta/en .ith people participation should -e carefully planned so that they come into effect as soon as an emergency arises. he emergency action could -e evacuation, flood fighting and pu-lic health measures.
9) F*##$ F&+-t&"+'
Actions underta/en during floods to prevent damage to and failure of flood control structures, as .ell as to divert floods from sensitive areas, are generally /no.n as flood fighting. Flood fighting is an emergency measure .hich has the o-jective of mitigating flood impacts on society and environment, particularly .hen flood protection and control structures and measures have proved ineffective or failed. 3ome typical activities are: !5 Cmergency operation of flood control and protection systems -efore and during floods. )5 Cmergency measures for flood a-atement -y providing detention storage on nonprotected or protected land8 (5 0iverting floods from sensitive areas, even at the cost of flooding areas of lesser importance.
Flood fighting is an important element of non-structural measures for reducing flood hazards and must -e considered as integral part of flood protection plans and projects.
he flood forecasting and .arning activity has proved to -e a vital alternative to costly structural measures. It has -een e+panded and modernized to further mitigate the sufferings of the people in su---asins. Accurate forecasts are made availa-le efficiently to the authorities engaged in rescue, relief and flood-fighting. >roper education of the people on ho. to react to .arning signals to save life and property has top priority.
M#"&t#r&"+ 2r(0)*##$ 2r#t(!t&#" 1#r4s he monitoring of flood protection .or/s -efore flood season is done -y an e+pert group and -ased on their recommendations, measures are ta/en. Floodfighting activities are carried out .ith people participation and in accordance .ith rules and regulations issued -y the flood-control department. Flood victims are provided .ith relief materials such as -oats, tarpaulin, food and fodder, drin/ing .ater, fuel and clothes. @edical facilities are made availa-le to the sic/ and the lame and measures are ta/en to prevent the spread of diseases. 3helter platforms at places higher than the highest flood level are /ept ready in advance along .ith ade6uate stoc/s of food and fodder, drin/ing .ater and fuel D at least in principle.
9) F*##$ R(*&()'
Flood relief measures are aimed at relieving the distress of the flood victims -y the announcement of financial and other aids. At the international level, the <nited ?ations 0isaster 9elief 7oordinator has a fund from .hich money can -e dra.n to assist victims of disastrous floods. I,,($& t( R(*&() M( s%r(s' he immediate relief measures shall include: evacuation of flood victims8 close liaison .ith defense services8 daily revie. of flood relief measures8 release of emergency funds to local -odies and hence to the flood victims8 supply of food rations8 supply of fodder8 first aid and health operations8 supply of essential commodities li/e /erosene, oil, petrol, etc8
M( s%r(s )t(r C(ss t&#" #) F*##$s' @easures to -e ta/en immediately after cessation of floods .ill include: restoration of roadFrail lin/s8 restoration of tu-e.ells and other agricultural machinery8 free seeds to farmers for so.ing88 restoration of poultriesFfisheries and piggeries, etc.8 restoration of industriesFfactory e6uipments, etc.8 restoration of merchandise and shopping areas8
restoration of pu-lic assets such as roads, -ridges, irrigation systems and structures, po.er plants, pu-lic -uildings, se.erage and .ater supply schemes, etc.
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he focus of this project has -een on the management of floods in the India, as it is of crucial importance for the economic development of the region. he current proposals need careful revie.. In the meantime, optimum protection of flood-prone areas can -e achieved through various measures .hich have -een revie.ed in this contri-ution. In India flood management is almost entirely done -y government agencies. he need to ensure people participation at the planning, implementation and maintenance stages of the fight against floods has -een recognized for 6uite some time, ho.ever, and several attempts and e+periments in this direction have -een made over the years. In such circumstances, the comple+ rules and regulations of pu-lic agencies tend to prevent timely intervention, resulting in huge damage suffered -y the community.