THE WASTE LAND

"Nam Sibyllam quidem Cumis ego ipse oculis meis vidi in ampulla pendere, et cum illi pueri dicerent: Sibylla ti theleis; respondebat illa: apothanein thelo." I. THE BURIAL OF THE DEAD April is the cruellest month, breeding Lilacs out o the dead land, mi!ing "emory and desire, stirring #ull roots $ith spring rain. %inter &ept us $arm, covering 'arth in orget ul sno$, eeding A little li e $ith dried tubers. Summer surprised us, coming over the Starnbergersee %ith a sho$er o rain; $e stopped in the colonnade, And $ent on in sunlight, into the (o garten, )* And dran& co ee, and tal&ed or an hour. +in gar &eine ,ussin, stamm- aus Litauen, echt deutsch. And $hen $e $ere children, staying at the archdu&e-s, "y cousin-s, he too& me out on a sled, And . $as rightened. (e said, "arie, "arie, hold on tight. And do$n $e $ent. .n the mountains, there you eel ree. . read, much o the night, and go south in the $inter. %hat are the roots that clutch, $hat branches gro$ /ut o this stony rubbish0 Son o man, 1* 2ou cannot say, or guess, or you &no$ only A heap o bro&en images, $here the sun beats, And the dead tree gives no shelter, the cric&et no relie , And the dry stone no sound o $ater. /nly 3here is shado$ under this red roc&, 4Come in under the shado$ o this red roc&5, And . $ill sho$ you something di erent rom either 2our shado$ at morning striding behind you /r your shado$ at evening rising to meet you; . $ill sho$ you ear in a hand ul o dust. 6* 7risch $eht der %ind #er (eimat 8u "ein .risch 9ind,

%o $eilest du0 "2ou gave me hyacinths irst a year ago; "3hey called me the hyacinth girl." : 2et $hen $e came bac&, late, rom the (yacinth garden, 2our arms ull, and your hair $et, . could not Spea&, and my eyes ailed, . $as neither Living nor dead, and . &ne$ nothing, ;* Loo&ing into the heart o light, the silence. /d- und leer das "eer. "adame Sosostris, amous clairvoyante, (ad a bad cold, nevertheless .s &no$n to be the $isest $oman in 'urope, %ith a $ic&ed pac& o cards. (ere, said she, .s your card, the dro$ned <hoenician Sailor, 43hose are pearls that $ere his eyes. Loo&=5 (ere is +elladonna, the Lady o the ,oc&s, 3he lady o situations. >* (ere is the man $ith three staves, and here the %heel, And here is the one:eyed merchant, and this card, %hich is blan&, is something he carries on his bac&, %hich . am orbidden to see. . do not ind 3he (anged "an. 7ear death by $ater. . see cro$ds o people, $al&ing round in a ring. 3han& you. . you see dear "rs. 'quitone, 3ell her . bring the horoscope mysel : /ne must be so care ul these days. ?nreal City, @* ?nder the bro$n og o a $inter da$n, A cro$d lo$ed over London +ridge, so many, . had not thought death had undone so many. Sighs, short and in requent, $ere e!haled, And each man i!ed his eyes be ore his eet. 7lo$ed up the hill and do$n 9ing %illiam Street, 3o $here Saint "ary %oolnoth &ept the hours %ith a dead sound on the inal stro&e o nine. 3here . sa$ one . &ne$, and stopped him, crying "Stetson= "2ou $ho $ere $ith me in the ships at "ylae= A* "3hat corpse you planted last year in your garden, "(as it begun to sprout0 %ill it bloom this year0 "/r has the sudden rost disturbed its bed0 Line ;1 /d-B /ed- : 'ditor. "/h &eep the #og ar hence, that-s riend to men, "/r $ith his nails he-ll dig it up again= "2ou= hypocrite lecteur= : mon semblable, : mon rere="
II. A GAME OF CHESS

3he Chair she sat in, li&e a burnished throne, Clo$ed on the marble, $here the glass (eld up by standards $rought $ith ruited vines 7rom $hich a golden Cupidon peeped out D* 4Another hid his eyes behind his $ing5 #oubled the lames o sevenbranched candelabra ,e lecting light upon the table as 3he glitter o her Ee$els rose to meet it, 7rom satin cases poured in rich pro usion; .n vials o ivory and coloured glass ?nstoppered, lur&ed her strange synthetic per umes, ?nguent, po$dered, or liquid : troubled, con used And dro$ned the sense in odours; stirred by the air 3hat reshened rom the $indo$, these ascended F* .n attening the prolonged candle: lames, 7lung their smo&e into the laquearia, Stirring the pattern on the co ered ceiling. (uge sea:$ood ed $ith copper +urned green and orange, ramed by the coloured stone, .n $hich sad light a carved dolphin s$am. Above the antique mantel $as displayed As though a $indo$ gave upon the sylvan scene 3he change o <hilomel, by the barbarous &ing So rudely orced; yet there the nightingale )** 7illed all the desert $ith inviolable voice And still she cried, and still the $orld pursues, "Gug Gug" to dirty ears. And other $ithered stumps o time %ere told upon the $alls; staring orms Leaned out, leaning, hushing the room enclosed. 7ootsteps shu led on the stair. ?nder the irelight, under the brush, her hair Spread out in iery points Clo$ed into $ords, then $ould be savagely still. ))* ""y nerves are bad to:night. 2es, bad. Stay $ith me. "Spea& to me. %hy do you never spea&. Spea&. "%hat are you thin&ing o 0 %hat thin&ing0 %hat0 ". never &no$ $hat you are thin&ing. 3hin&." . thin& $e are in rats- alley %here the dead men lost their bones. "%hat is that noise0" 3he $ind under the door. "%hat is that noise no$0 %hat is the $ind doing0" Nothing again nothing. )1* "#o "2ou &no$ nothing0 #o you see nothing0 #o you remember "Nothing0"

. remember 3hose are pearls that $ere his eyes. "Are you alive, or not0 .s there nothing in your head0" +ut / / / / that Sha&espeherian ,ag : .t-s so elegant So intelligent )6* "%hat shall . do no$0 %hat shall . do0" . shall rush out as . am, and $al& the street "%ith my hair do$n, so. %hat shall $e do to:morro$0 "%hat shall $e ever do0" 3he hot $ater at ten. And i it rains, a closed car at our. And $e shall play a game o chess, <ressing lidless eyes and $aiting or a &noc& upon the door. %hen Lil-s husband got demobbed, . said : . didn-t mince my $ords, . said to her mysel , );* (?,,2 ?< <L'AS' .3S 3."' No$ Albert-s coming bac&, ma&e yoursel a bit smart. (e-ll $ant to &no$ $hat you done $ith that money he gave you 3o get yoursel some teeth. (e did, . $as there. 2ou have them all out, Lil, and get a nice set, (e said, . s$ear, . can-t bear to loo& at you. And no more can-t ., . said, and thin& o poor Albert, (e-s been in the army our years, he $ants a good time, And i you don-t give it him, there-s others $ill, . said. /h is there, she said. Something o- that, . said. )>* 3hen .-ll &no$ $ho to than&, she said, and give me a straight loo&. (?,,2 ?< <L'AS' .3S 3."' . you don-t li&e it you can get on $ith it, . said. /thers can pic& and choose i you can-t. +ut i Albert ma&es o , it $on-t be or lac& o telling. 2ou ought to be ashamed, . said, to loo& so antique. 4And her only thirty:one.5 . can-t help it, she said, pulling a long ace, .t-s them pills . too&, to bring it o , she said. 4She-s had ive already, and nearly died o young Ceorge.5 )@* 3he chemist said it $ould be alright, but .-ve never been the same. 2ou are a proper ool, . said. %ell, i Albert $on-t leave you alone, there it is, . said, %hat you get married or i you don-t $ant children0 (?,,2 ?< <L'AS' .3S 3."' %ell, that Sunday Albert $as home, they had a hot gammon, And they as&ed me in to dinner, to get the beauty o it hot : (?,,2 ?< <L'AS' .3S 3."' (?,,2 ?< <L'AS' .3S 3."' Coonight +ill. Coonight Lou. Coonight "ay. Coonight. )A* 3a ta. Coonight. Coonight. Cood night, ladies, good night, s$eet ladies, good night, good night.

III. THE FIRE SERMON

3he river-s tent is bro&en: the last ingers o lea Clutch and sin& into the $et ban&. 3he $ind Crosses the bro$n land, unheard. 3he nymphs are departed. S$eet 3hames, run so tly, till . end my song. 3he river bears no empty bottles, sand$ich papers, Sil& hand&erchie s, cardboard bo!es, cigarette ends /r other testimony o summer nights. 3he nymphs are departed. And their riends, the loitering heirs o city directors; )D* #eparted, have le t no addresses. Line )@) AL,.C(3. 3his spelling occurs also in the (ogarth <ress edition : 'ditor. +y the $aters o Leman . sat do$n and $ept . . . S$eet 3hames, run so tly till . end my song, S$eet 3hames, run so tly, or . spea& not loud or long. +ut at my bac& in a cold blast . hear 3he rattle o the bones, and chuc&le spread rom ear to ear. A rat crept so tly through the vegetation #ragging its slimy belly on the ban& %hile . $as ishing in the dull canal /n a $inter evening round behind the gashouse )F* "using upon the &ing my brother-s $rec& And on the &ing my ather-s death be ore him. %hite bodies na&ed on the lo$ damp ground And bones cast in a little lo$ dry garret, ,attled by the rat-s oot only, year to year. +ut at my bac& rom time to time . hear 3he sound o horns and motors, $hich shall bring S$eeney to "rs. <orter in the spring. / the moon shone bright on "rs. <orter And on her daughter 1** 3hey $ash their eet in soda $ater 't / ces voi! d-en ants, chantant dans la coupole= 3$it t$it t$it Gug Eug Eug Eug Eug Eug So rudely orc-d. 3ereu ?nreal City ?nder the bro$n og o a $inter noon "r. 'ugenides, the Smyrna merchant ?nshaven, $ith a poc&et ull o currants 1)* C.i. . London: documents at sight, As&ed me in demotic 7rench 3o luncheon at the Cannon Street (otel 7ollo$ed by a $ee&end at the "etropole.

At the violet hour, $hen the eyes and bac& 3urn up$ard rom the des&, $hen the human engine $aits Li&e a ta!i throbbing $aiting, . 3iresias, though blind, throbbing bet$een t$o lives, /ld man $ith $rin&led emale breasts, can see At the violet hour, the evening hour that strives 11* (ome$ard, and brings the sailor home rom sea, 3he typist home at teatime, clears her brea& ast, lights (er stove, and lays out ood in tins. /ut o the $indo$ perilously spread (er drying combinations touched by the sun-s last rays, /n the divan are piled 4at night her bed5 Stoc&ings, slippers, camisoles, and stays. . 3iresias, old man $ith $rin&led dugs <erceived the scene, and oretold the rest : . too a$aited the e!pected guest. 16* (e, the young man carbuncular, arrives, A small house agent-s cler&, $ith one bold stare, /ne o the lo$ on $hom assurance sits As a sil& hat on a +rad ord millionaire. 3he time is no$ propitious, as he guesses, 3he meal is ended, she is bored and tired, 'ndeavours to engage her in caresses %hich still are unreproved, i undesired. 7lushed and decided, he assaults at once; '!ploring hands encounter no de ence; 1;* (is vanity requires no response, And ma&es a $elcome o indi erence. 4And . 3iresias have oresu ered all 'nacted on this same divan or bed; . $ho have sat by 3hebes belo$ the $all And $al&ed among the lo$est o the dead.5 +esto$s one inal patronising &iss, And gropes his $ay, inding the stairs unlit . . . She turns and loo&s a moment in the glass, (ardly a$are o her departed lover; 1>* (er brain allo$s one hal : ormed thought to pass: "%ell no$ that-s done: and .-m glad it-s over." %hen lovely $oman stoops to olly and <aces about her room again, alone, She smoothes her hair $ith automatic hand, And puts a record on the gramophone. "3his music crept by me upon the $aters" And along the Strand, up Hueen Iictoria Street. / City city, . can sometimes hear +eside a public bar in Lo$er 3hames Street, 1@* 3he pleasant $hining o a mandoline And a clatter and a chatter rom $ithin

%here ishmen lounge at noon: $here the $alls / "agnus "artyr hold .ne!plicable splendour o .onian $hite and gold. 3he river s$eats /il and tar 3he barges dri t %ith the turning tide ,ed sails 1A* %ide 3o lee$ard, s$ing on the heavy spar. 3he barges $ash #ri ting logs #o$n Creen$ich reach <ast the .sle o #ogs. %eialala leia %allala leialala 'li8abeth and Leicester +eating oars 1D* 3he stern $as ormed A gilded shell ,ed and gold 3he bris& s$ell ,ippled both shores South$est $ind Carried do$n stream 3he peal o bells %hite to$ers %eialala leia 1F* %allala leialala "3rams and dusty trees. (ighbury bore me. ,ichmond and 9e$ ?ndid me. +y ,ichmond . raised my &nees Supine on the loor o a narro$ canoe." ""y eet are at "oorgate, and my heart ?nder my eet. A ter the event (e $ept. (e promised -a ne$ start-. . made no comment. %hat should . resent0" "/n "argate Sands. 6** . can connect Nothing $ith nothing. 3he bro&en ingernails o dirty hands. "y people humble people $ho e!pect Nothing." la la 3o Carthage then . came

+urning burning burning burning / Lord 3hou pluc&est me out / Lord 3hou pluc&est 6)* burning
IV. DEATH BY WATER

<hlebas the <hoenician, a ortnight dead, 7orgot the cry o gulls, and the deep sea s$ell And the pro it and loss. A current under sea <ic&ed his bones in $hispers. As he rose and ell (e passed the stages o his age and youth 'ntering the $hirlpool. Centile or Ge$ / you $ho turn the $heel and loo& to $ind$ard, 61* Consider <hlebas, $ho $as once handsome and tall as you.
V. WHAT THE THUNDER SAID

A ter the torchlight red on s$eaty aces A ter the rosty silence in the gardens A ter the agony in stony places 3he shouting and the crying <rison and palace and reverberation / thunder o spring over distant mountains (e $ho $as living is no$ dead %e $ho $ere living are no$ dying %ith a little patience 66* (ere is no $ater but only roc& ,oc& and no $ater and the sandy road 3he road $inding above among the mountains %hich are mountains o roc& $ithout $ater . there $ere $ater $e should stop and drin& Amongst the roc& one cannot stop or thin& S$eat is dry and eet are in the sand . there $ere only $ater amongst the roc& #ead mountain mouth o carious teeth that cannot spit (ere one can neither stand nor lie nor sit 6;* 3here is not even silence in the mountains +ut dry sterile thunder $ithout rain 3here is not even solitude in the mountains +ut red sullen aces sneer and snarl 7rom doors o mudcrac&ed houses . there $ere $ater And no roc& . there $ere roc& And also $ater

And $ater 6>* A spring A pool among the roc& . there $ere the sound o $ater only Not the cicada And dry grass singing +ut sound o $ater over a roc& %here the hermit:thrush sings in the pine trees #rip drop drip drop drop drop drop +ut there is no $ater %ho is the third $ho $al&s al$ays beside you0 6@* %hen . count, there are only you and . together +ut $hen . loo& ahead up the $hite road 3here is al$ays another one $al&ing beside you Cliding $rapt in a bro$n mantle, hooded . do not &no$ $hether a man or a $oman : +ut $ho is that on the other side o you0 %hat is that sound high in the air "urmur o maternal lamentation %ho are those hooded hordes s$arming /ver endless plains, stumbling in crac&ed earth 6A* ,inged by the lat hori8on only %hat is the city over the mountains Crac&s and re orms and bursts in the violet air 7alling to$ers Gerusalem Athens Ale!andria Iienna London ?nreal A $oman dre$ her long blac& hair out tight And iddled $hisper music on those strings And bats $ith baby aces in the violet light 6D* %histled, and beat their $ings And cra$led head do$n$ard do$n a blac&ened $all And upside do$n in air $ere to$ers 3olling reminiscent bells, that &ept the hours And voices singing out o empty cisterns and e!hausted $ells. .n this decayed hole among the mountains .n the aint moonlight, the grass is singing /ver the tumbled graves, about the chapel 3here is the empty chapel, only the $ind-s home. .t has no $indo$s, and the door s$ings, 6F* #ry bones can harm no one. /nly a coc& stood on the roo tree Co co rico co co rico .n a lash o lightning. 3hen a damp gust +ringing rain

Canga $as sun&en, and the limp leaves %aited or rain, $hile the blac& clouds Cathered ar distant, over (imavant. 3he Eungle crouched, humped in silence. 3hen spo&e the thunder ;** #A #atta: $hat have $e given0 "y riend, blood sha&ing my heart 3he a$ ul daring o a moment-s surrender %hich an age o prudence can never retract +y this, and this only, $e have e!isted %hich is not to be ound in our obituaries /r in memories draped by the bene icent spider /r under seals bro&en by the lean solicitor .n our empty rooms ;)* #A #ayadhvam: . have heard the &ey 3urn in the door once and turn once only %e thin& o the &ey, each in his prison 3hin&ing o the &ey, each con irms a prison /nly at night all, aetherial rumours ,evive or a moment a bro&en Coriolanus #A #amyata: 3he boat responded Caily, to the hand e!pert $ith sail and oar ;1* 3he sea $as calm, your heart $ould have responded Caily, $hen invited, beating obedient 3o controlling hands . sat upon the shore 7ishing, $ith the arid plain behind me Shall . at least set my lands in order0 London +ridge is alling do$n alling do$n alling do$n <oi s-ascose nel oco che gli a ina Huando iam ceu chelidon : / s$allo$ s$allo$ Le <rince d-Aquitaine a la tour abolie ;6* 3hese ragments . have shored against my ruins %hy then .le it you. (ieronymo-s mad againe. #atta. #ayadhvam. #amyata. Shantih shantih shantih Line ;)@ aetherialB aethereal Line ;1F ceuB uti : 'ditor NOTES ON "THE WASTE LAND" Not only the title, but the plan and a good deal o the incidental symbolism o the poem $ere suggested by "iss Gessie L. %eston-s boo& on the Crail legend: 7rom ,itual to ,omance 4"acmillan5.J)K .ndeed, so deeply am . indebted, "iss %eston-s

boo& $ill elucidate the di iculties o the poem much better than my notes can do; and . recommend it 4apart rom the great interest o the boo& itsel 5 to any $ho thin& such elucidation o the poem $orth the trouble. 3o another $or& o anthropology . am indebted in general, one $hich has in luenced our generation pro oundly; . mean 3he Colden +ough; . have used especially the t$o volumes Adonis, Attis, /siris. Anyone $ho is acquainted $ith these $or&s $ill immediately recognise in the poem certain re erences to vegetation ceremonies. J)K "acmillanB Cambridge. I. THE BURIAL OF THE DEAD Line 1*. C . '8e&iel 1:). 16. C . 'cclesiastes )1:>. 6). I. 3ristan und .solde, i, verses >:D. ;1. .d. iii, verse 1;. ;@. . am not amiliar $ith the e!act constitution o the 3arot pac& o cards, rom $hich . have obviously departed to suit my o$n convenience. 3he (anged "an, a member o the traditional pac&, its my purpose in t$o $ays: because he is associated in my mind $ith the (anged Cod o 7ra8er, and because . associate him $ith the hooded igure in the passage o the disciples to 'mmaus in <art I. 3he <hoenician Sailor and the "erchant appear later; also the "cro$ds o people," and #eath by %ater is e!ecuted in <art .I. 3he "an $ith 3hree Staves 4an authentic member o the 3arot pac&5 . associate, quite arbitrarily, $ith the 7isher 9ing himsel . @*. C . +audelaire: "7ourmillante cite;, cite; pleine de reves, /u le spectre en plein Eour raccroche le passant." @6. C . .n erno, iii. >>:A. " s i l u n g a t r a

t t a d i g e n t e , c h i o n o n a v r e i m a i c r e d u t o c h e m o r t

e t a n t a n a v e s s e d i s a t t a . " @;. C . .n erno, iv. 1>:A: "Huivi, secondo che per ascoltare, "non avea pianto, ma- che di sospiri, "che l-aura eterna acevan tremare." @D. A phenomenon $hich . have o ten noticed. A;. C . the #irge in %ebster-s %hite #evil . A@. I. +audelaire, <re ace to 7leurs du "al.
II. A GAME OF CHESS

AA. C . Antony and Cleopatra, ... ii., l. )F*. F1. Laquearia. I. Aeneid, .. A1@: dependent lychni laquearibus aureis incensi, et noctem lammis unalia vincunt. FD. Sylvan scene. I. "ilton, <aradise Lost, iv. );*.

FF. I. /vid, "etamorphoses, vi, <hilomela. )**. C . <art ..., l. 1*;. ))>. C . <art ..., l. )F>. ))D. C . %ebster: ".s the $ind in that door still0" )1@. C . <art ., l. 6A, ;D. )6D. C . the game o chess in "iddleton-s %omen be$are %omen.
III. THE FIRE SERMON

)A@. I. Spenser, <rothalamion. )F1. C . 3he 3empest, .. ii. )F@. C . "arvell, 3o (is Coy "istress. )FA. C . #ay, <arliament o +ees: "%hen o the sudden, listening, you shall hear, "A noise o horns and hunting, $hich shall bring "Actaeon to #iana in the spring, "%here all shall see her na&ed s&in . . ." )FF. . do not &no$ the origin o the ballad rom $hich these lines are ta&en: it $as reported to me rom Sydney, Australia. 1*1. I. Ierlaine, <arsi al. 1)*. 3he currants $ere quoted at a price "carriage and insurance ree to London"; and the +ill o Lading etc. $ere to be handed to the buyer upon payment o the sight dra t. Notes )F@ and )FA $ere transposed in this and the (ogarth <ress edition, but have been corrected here. 1)*. "Carriage and insurance ree"B "cost, insurance and reight":'ditor. 1)D. 3iresias, although a mere spectator and not indeed a "character," is yet the most important personage in the poem, uniting all the rest. Gust as the one:eyed merchant, seller o currants, melts into the <hoenician Sailor, and the latter is not $holly distinct rom 7erdinand <rince o Naples, so all the $omen are one $oman, and the t$o se!es meet in 3iresias. %hat 3iresias sees, in act, is the substance o the poem. 3he $hole passage rom /vid is o great anthropological interest: -. . . Cum .unone iocos et maior vestra pro ecto est Huam, quae contingit maribus,- di!isse, -voluptas..lla negat; placuit quae sit sententia docti

Huaerere 3iresiae: venus huic erat utraque nota. Nam duo magnorum viridi coeuntia silva Corpora serpentum baculi violaverat ictu #eque viro actus, mirabile, emina septem 'gerat autumnos; octavo rursus eosdem Iidit et -est vestrae si tanta potentia plagae,#i!it -ut auctoris sortem in contraria mutet, Nunc quoque vos eriam=- percussis anguibus isdem 7orma prior rediit genetivaque venit imago. Arbiter hic igitur sumptus de lite iocosa #icta .ovis irmat; gravius Saturnia iusto Nec pro materia ertur doluisse suique .udicis aeterna damnavit lumina nocte, At pater omnipotens 4neque enim licet inrita cuiquam 7acta dei ecisse deo5 pro lumine adempto Scire utura dedit poenamque levavit honore. 11). 3his may not appear as e!act as Sappho-s lines, but . had in mind the "longshore" or "dory" isherman, $ho returns at night all. 1>6. I. Coldsmith, the song in 3he Iicar o %a&e ield. 1>A. I. 3he 3empest, as above. 1@;. 3he interior o St. "agnus "artyr is to my mind one o the inest among %ren-s interiors. See 3he <roposed #emolition o Nineteen City Churches 4<. S. 9ing L Son, Ltd.5. 1@@. 3he Song o the 4three5 3hames:daughters begins here. 7rom line 1F1 to 6*@ inclusive they spea& in turn. I. Cutterdsammerung, .... i: the ,hine:daughters. 1AF. I. 7roude, 'li8abeth, Iol. ., ch. iv, letter o #e Huadra to <hilip o Spain: ".n the a ternoon $e $ere in a barge, $atching the games on the river. 43he queen5 $as alone $ith Lord ,obert and mysel on the poop, $hen they began to tal& nonsense, and $ent so ar that Lord ,obert at last said, as . $as on the spot there $as no reason $hy they should not be married i the queen pleased." 1F6. C . <urgatorio, v. )66: ",icorditi di me, che son la <ia; Siena mi e-, dis ecemi "aremma." 6*A. I. St. Augustine-s Con essions: "to Carthage then . came, $here a cauldron o unholy loves sang all about mine ears." 6*D. 3he complete te!t o the +uddha-s 7ire Sermon 4$hich corresponds in importance to the Sermon on the "ount5 rom $hich these $ords are ta&en, $ill be ound translated in the late (enry Clar&e %arren-s +uddhism in 3ranslation 4(arvard

/riental Series5. "r. %arren $as one o the great pioneers o +uddhist studies in the /ccident. 6*F. 7rom St. Augustine-s Con essions again. 3he collocation o these t$o representatives o eastern and $estern asceticism, as the culmination o this part o the poem, is not an accident.
V. WHAT THE THUNDER SAID

.n the irst part o <art I three themes are employed: the Eourney to 'mmaus, the approach to the Chapel <erilous 4see "iss %eston-s boo&5 and the present decay o eastern 'urope. 6>A. 3his is 3urdus aonalasch&ae pallasii, the hermit:thrush $hich . have heard in Huebec County. Chapman says 4(andboo& o +irds o 'astern North America5 "it is most at home in secluded $oodland and thic&ety retreats. . . . .ts notes are not remar&able or variety or volume, but in purity and s$eetness o tone and e!quisite modulation they are unequalled." .ts "$ater:dripping song" is Eustly celebrated. 6@*. 3he ollo$ing lines $ere stimulated by the account o one o the Antarctic e!peditions 4. orget $hich, but . thin& one o Shac&leton-s5: it $as related that the party o e!plorers, at the e!tremity o their strength, had the constant delusion that there $as one more member than could actually be counted. 6@A:AA. C . (ermann (esse, +lic& ins Chaos: "Schon ist halb 'uropa, schon ist 8umindest der halbe /sten 'uropas au dem %ege 8um Chaos, Mhrt betrun&en im heiligem %ahn am Abgrund entlang und singt da8u, singt betrun&en und hymnisch $ie #mitri 9aramaso sang. ?eber diese Lieder lacht der +Nrger beleidigt, der (eilige und Seher hOrt sie mit 3rMnen." ;*1. "#atta, dayadhvam, damyata" 4Cive, sympathi8e, control5. 3he able o the meaning o the 3hunder is ound in the +rihadaranya&a:?panishad, >, ). A translation is ound in #eussen-s Sech8ig ?panishads des Ieda, p. ;DF. ;*D. C . %ebster, 3he %hite #evil, v. vi: ". . . they-l l rema rry 're the $or m pierc e your $indi

ng: sheet , ere the spide r "a&e a thin curtai n or your epita phs." ;)1. C . .n erno, !!!iii. ;@: "ed io sentii chiavar l-uscio di sotto all-orribile torre." Also 7. (. +radley, Appearance and ,eality, p. 6;@: ""y e!ternal sensations are no less private to mysel than are my thoughts or my eelings. .n either case my e!perience alls $ithin my o$n circle, a circle closed on the outside; and, $ith all its elements ali&e, every sphere is opaque to the others $hich surround it. . . . .n brie , regarded as an e!istence $hich appears in a soul, the $hole $orld or each is peculiar and private to that soul." ;1>. I. %eston, 7rom ,itual to ,omance; chapter on the 7isher 9ing. ;1D. I. <urgatorio, !!vi. );D. "-Ara vos prec per aquella valor -que vos guida al som de l-escalina, -sovegna vos a temps de ma dolor.<oi s-ascose nel oco che gli a ina." ;1F. I. <ervigilium Ieneris. C . <hilomela in <arts .. and .... ;6*. I. Cerard de Nerval, Sonnet 'l #esdichado. ;61. I. 9yd-s Spanish 3ragedy. ;6;. Shantih. ,epeated as here, a ormal ending to an ?panishad. -3he <eace $hich passeth understanding- is a eeble translation o the content o this $ord.

'nd o 3he <roEect Cutenberg 'te!t o 3he %aste Land, by 3. S. 'liot