Chapter #27: Empire and Expansion Chapter #27: Identifications Richard Olney Richard Olney was Attorney General

and Secretary of State under President Grover Cleveland. He supported the use of federal troops to qualm stri es when le!al means did not wor . He also made "etter the status of American diplomacy. Alfred #hayer $ahan Alfred $ahan came up with the idea that countries with !reater naval power will have a !reater impact on the world% he called this &sea power.' (aleriano )eyler (aleriano )eyler was a Spanish !eneral most reco!ni*ed for his policy that was similar to the internment policy that the +S would eventually employ a!ainst the ,ilipinos. de -ome -etter #he .e -ome -etter was written "y de -ome/ the Spanish $inister in Cu"a/ and put down President $c0inley. #his added fuel to the fire that had already included the sin in! of the +.S.S. $aine. 1milio A!uinaldo 1milio A!uinaldo was a ,ilipino !eneral and politician and played a crucial role in the Philippines2 revolution a!ainst Spain. He eventually "ecame the first president of the Philippines. 3in!oism 3in!oism is another word for e4treme patriotism "y employin! overly a!!ressive forei!n policy. A country will often threaten another in order to &protect' its national interests. #eller Amendment #he #eller Amendment stated that the +S would !ive the Cu"ans their freedom after they had freed them from Spanish misrule. Rou!h Riders #he Rou!h Riders was a re!iment of volunteers that participated in the capture of Santia!o. It was led "y Colonel -eonard )ood and was or!ani*ed primarily "y #heodore Roosevelt. Anti5Imperialist -ea!ue #he Anti5Imperialist -ea!ue was formed as a response to the $c0inley administration2s decision to ta e control of the Philippine Islands. ,ora er Act #he ,ora er Act esta"lished a limited de!ree of popular !overnment in Puerto Rico/ allowin! Puerto Ricans to eventually "ecome American citi*ens.

Insular cases #he Insular Cases/ decreed "y the Supreme Court/ stated that American laws and customs did not necessarily e4tend to territories simply &owned' "y the +S. Platt Amendment #he Platt Amendment came after the #eller Amendment was fulfilled and stated that Cu"a would still "e under some de!ree of control of the +S. Spheres of Influence #he spheres of influence were esta"lished "y various 1uropean countries in China so that trade could "e esta"lished. 3ohn Hay2s su!!estion of an Open .oor Policy !ot rid of these spheres of influence. Philippine Insurrection #he Philippine Insurrection lasted over a year and consisted of !uerilla warfare after the ,ilipinos found themselves unhappy with the lac of independence they had e4pected. Open .oor Policy #he Open .oor Policy was "rou!ht up "y 3ohn Hay and was meant to allow all countries to parta e in Chinese trade. #his was opposed "y 1uropean countries "ecause it meant the removal of spheres of influence/ and therefore/ e4clusiveness. 6o4er Re"ellion #he 6o4er Re"ellion came as a result of American attempts to esta"lish the Open .oor Policy and led to the death of hundreds of forei!ners and thousands of Chinese Christians. 6i! Stic Policy #he 6i! Stic Policy was employed "y President Roosevelt and was essentially the "ullyin! of forei!n countries in order for the +S to attain national interests. Roosevelt Corollary #he Roosevelt Corollary was an addition to the $onroe .octrine and stated that the +S would intervene in -atin America and collect de"ts for the 1uropean countries in their stead. Portsmouth Conference #he Portsmouth Conference was a conference in which Roosevelt mediated peace "etween Russia and 3apan/ althou!h neither country was happy with the outcome. Gentlemen2s A!reement #he Gentlemen2s A!reement dictated that the California school "oard would repeal the se!re!ation policy/ and 3apan would stop the emi!ration of wor ers to California. Root5#a ahira A!reement

#he Root5#a ahira A!reement was "etween 3apan and the +S and stated that each country would respect each other2s territory in China. Chapter #27: Identifications America #urns Outward 0now7 3osiah Stron!/ Alfred $ahan/ Richard Olney/ 6ritish Guiana/ Great Rapprochement 8. )hat factors caused America to turn its attention to the world "eyond her "orders9 ,armers and factory owners "e!an to loo "eyond America and its "orders for mar ets/ due to !reat wealth and productive capacity. 3osiah Stron! was one of many missionaries to endorse the superiority of the An!lo5Sa4ons and the spread of their reli!ion and ideals. A new focus on naval power due to Alfred $ahan2s "oo forced the +S to focus attention overseas. 1ventually/ out forei!n policy came to reflect Great Rapprochement/ or reconciliation "etween the +S and Great 6ritain. Spurnin! the Hawaiian Pear 0now7 :ueen -iliuo alani ;. )hy did President Cleveland not want to anne4 Hawaii9 President Cleveland did not want to anne4 Hawaii "ecause he "elieved that Americans and their interest in the anne4ation of Hawaii did not reflect the interests of the Hawaiians and :ueen -iliuo alani. As he predicted a ma<ority of the natives opposed anne4ation/ and :ueen -iliuo alani had thou!ht that the natives should lead the islands anyways. Cu"ans Rise in Revolt 0now7 General )eyler =. )hat was happenin! in Cu"a that caused Americans to "e concerned9 In Cu"a/ the Cu"ans were revoltin! a!ainst the Spanish due to the dearth of su!ar production/ to which they responded with the scorched5earth policy. However/ this policy caused Americans to "ecome concerned a"out their own interests. #he conflict !rew lar!er with the arrival of Spanish General )eyler/ who employed internment camps for the Cu"an civilians and essentially forced them to die without any chance of survival. .ewey>s $ay .ay (ictory at $anila 0now7 #eddy Roosevelt/ Geor!e .ewey ?. )hy did Commodore .ewey have such an easy victory over the Spanish fleet at the Philippines9 Commodore .ewey received early orders from #heodore Roosevelt/ far "efore the declaration of war/ "ut his orders were soon confirmed "y President $c0inley. #he Spanish navy was old and overmatched/ leadin! to a complete annihilation while leavin! not one American dead. A quic and une4pected attac "y a superior American navy left the Spanish surprised and destroyed. #he Confused Invasion of Cu"a 0now7 Rou!h Riders/ #eddy Roosevelt/ San 3uan Hill @. .escri"e the fi!htin! in Cu"a.

,i!htin! in Cu"a !enerally consisted of a more powerful American army and navy devastatin! a wea and unprepared Spanish army and navy. #he &Rou!h Riders' and various other re!iments quic ly captured Santia!o and forced the navy to "e destroyed "y the waitin! American navy. Puerto Rico was captured with more ease than Cu"a was. America>s Course ACurse9B of 1mpire 0now7 Anti5Imperialist -ea!ue C. )hat were the ar!uments for and a!ainst the anne4ation of the Philippines9 #he anne4ation of the Philippines "ecame an option "ecause it they were !iven "ac to Spain/ the misrule would pro"a"ly continue. In addition/ if the Philippines were to "e run "y natives/ chaos would rei!n and other powerful countries mi!ht attempt to ta e control. However/ there were also reasons for anne4ation to not ta e place. #he +S would loo li e an imperial "ully and would an!er the ,ilipinos. In response to $c0inley2s decision to anne4 all the islands/ the Anti5Imperialist -ea!ue was formed to stop the anne4ation. $a ers of America7 #he Puerto Ricans D. How has +.S. citi*enship caused Puerto Ricans to "e different from other immi!rants9 +S citi*enship "ein! !ranted to Puerto Ricans has eliminated many immi!ration difficulties and allowed islanders to hurry to the +S in search of <o"s. 6efore immi!ration was !ranted/ Americans quic ly improved health and sanitation for the Puerto Ricans/ althou!h there were severe cases of unemployment. Only after the Great .epression did mi!ration finally slow down. Perple4ities in Puerto Rico and Cu"a 0now7 Insular Cases/ General -eonard )ood/ )alter Reed/ Platt Amendment/ Guantanamo E. .escri"e American treatment of Cu"a after the Spanish5American )ar. After the Spanish5American )ar/ a military !overnment was set up in Cu"a% improvements in education/ a!riculture/ !overnment/ and many more aspects were made. #he #eller Amendment was fulfilled and the +S left Cu"a/ "ut the Platt Amendment was enacted/ dictatin! that Cu"a was "asically still under some control of the +S to ensure that its national interests were protected. Few Hori*ons in #wo Hemispheres G. )hat were the outcomes of the Spanish5American )ar9 #he Spanish5American )ar resulted in the reali*ation of the +S as a world power and possi"le the stron!est. Other world powers were quic to esta"lish diplomatic relationships with the +S !overnment. American patriotism rose quic ly and the rift "etween Forth and South seemed to close a little "it. 1ven thou!h the Philippines were now controlled "y the +S/ they eventually "ecame a pro"lem. H-ittle 6rown 6rothersH in the Philippines 0now7 )illiam Howard #aft/ 6enevolent Assimilation 8I. In what way do the Philippines show the !ood and "ad sides of American imperialism9

#he Philippines showed that American imperialism/ instituted under the ri!ht environment/ could prove to "e "eneficial to "oth sides. )hen #aft was sent as a civil !overnor/ the infrastructure of the Philippines improved vastly and trade flourished. However/ without the ri!ht elements/ the victim of imperialism could feel anta!onistic. #his is demonstrated "y the !uerilla warfare that lasted for almost a year after America too control. Hin!in! the Open .oor in China 0now7 6o4er Re"ellion 88. )as American involvement in China "eneficial to China9 American involvement in China was not "eneficial to China. 3ohn Hay2s su!!estion of an Open .oor Policy did not sit well with the rest of the 1uropeans/ who wanted to eep the spheres of influence. Afterwards/ the 3apanese participated in the 6o4er Re"ellion/ leadin! to the death of hundreds of forei!ners and thousands of Chinese Christians. 1ventually/ China was forced to accept the Open .oor Policy althou!h the idea did not appeal to them. $a ers of America7 #he ,ilipinos 8;. )ere ,ilipino immi!rants welcomed with open arms in America9 14plain. ,ilipino immi!rants were not welcomed with open arms in America. $ost came to America in order to wor rather than study. #hey lac ed political levera!e and citi*enship for quite some time. In the lon! period in which they lac ed much power/ they faced violent reprisals for ta in! even the smallest actions toward Caucasians. Imperialism or 6ryanism in 8GII9 8=. )hat issues were important in the 8GII election9 In the 8GII election/ $c0inley had Roosevelt/ his runnin! mate/ do most of the campai!nin!% 6ryan did most of the campai!nin! himself. 6ryan also attac ed imperialism/ "ut most people had !rown tired of the su"<ect and i!nored it. $c0inley also attac ed 6ryan "y statin! that 6ryan2s election would lead to an end to America2s prosperity. #R7 6randisher of the 6i! Stic 0now7 6i! Stic / 6ully Pulpit 8?. Give evidence to show that #eddy Roosevelt was an unconventional president9 #eddy Roosevelt was an unconventional president/ firstly/ "y "ein! the youn!est ever due to the assassination of $c0inley. He had an interestin! character that consisted of a somewhat "oisterous and passionate attitude towards everythin!. He was a !reat and capa"le politician who had a rowdy nature and "elieved that his role as president was to truly lead the citi*ens. 6uildin! the Panama Canal 0now7 Hay5Pauncefote #reaty/ Philippe 6unau5(arilla/ Geor!e )ashin!ton Goethals/ )illiam C. Gor!as 8@. )hy was the Panama route chosen for the canal9 #he Panama route for the canal was chosen "ecause the first location/ Ficara!ua/ "ecame a no5!o after the eruption of a volcano. #hat Panama was part of Colum"ia first posed itself as a pro"lem/ "ut the revolt of Panama and the aid of America soon allowed Panama to "ecome independent. Re!ardless of sanitation and money issues/ it was eventually constructed.

#R>s Perversion of $onroe>s .octrine 0now7 Roosevelt Corollary/ .ominican Repu"lic/ 6ad Fei!h"or 8C. 14plain the similarities and differences "etween the $onroe .octrine and the Roosevelt Corollary9 #he $onroe .octrine stated that the +S would not allow any 1uropean countries to interfere with matters of the western hemisphere% the Roosevelt Corollary served as an addition to the $onroe .octrine and stated that the +S would intervene in -atin America and collect de"ts for 1uropean countries. Roosevelt on the )orld Sta!e 0now7 Russo53apanese )ar/ Portsmouth 8D. How did #eddy Roosevelt win the Fo"el Peace Pri*e9 #eddy Roosevelt ne!otiated a treaty "etween Russia and 3apan after a conflict over $anchuria and Port Arthur "ro e out. However/ neither country found itself with what it was really loo in! for/ and forei!n relationships with "oth countries dipped. Roosevelt also helped settle a Forth African conflict at a conference in Spain. ,or mediatin! peace in several cases/ Roosevelt was awarded the Fo"el Peace Pri*e. 3apanese -a"orers in California 0now7 Gentlemen2s A!reement/ Great )hite ,leet 8E. How did a school "oard in California act in a way that first hurt and then helped American53apanese relations9 A school "oard in California ordered the se!re!ation of 3apanese/ 0orean/ and Chinese students. #his insti!ated tal amon!st yellow press and even led to tal s of possi"le war. However/ Roosevelt invited the "oard to the )hite House and mediated the Gentlemen2s A!reement/ which stated that the "oard would repeal the se!re!ation policy and the emi!ration of 3apanese la"orers would "e stopped. After the +S navy/ or the &Great )hite ,leet' went on a world tour/ the +S and 3apan si!ned the Root5#a ahira A!reement that stated that "oth countries would respect each other2s territorial "oundaries in China. (aryin! (iewpoints7 )hy did America 6ecome a )orld Power9 8G. )hat caused America>s foray into imperialism9 .efend your opinion. America2s foray into imperialism was caused "y other ma<or world powers2 foray into imperialism. Had other ma<or powers not found it necessary to imperiali*e smaller and less powerful countries/ the +S would not have en!a!ed in imperialism. As stated/ the +S had little interest in the outside world until other countries "e!an to ta e interest.