User Manual M900/M1800 Base Transceiver Station (BTS30)

Table of Contents

Table of Contents
Chapter 1 An Introduction to BTS30 ........................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 System Overview ............................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 System Characteristics ...................................................................................................... 1-2 1.2.1 Integrated RF Component Technology................................................................... 1-2 1.2.2 Mature RF Technology............................................................................................ 1-2 1.2.3 Advanced E-Abis Technology ................................................................................. 1-2 1.2.4 Powerful O&M Functions ........................................................................................ 1-3 1.3 Application Merits............................................................................................................... 1-3 1.3.1 Wide Coverage........................................................................................................ 1-3 1.3.2 Expenditure Reduction............................................................................................ 1-4 1.3.3 Smooth Evolution .................................................................................................... 1-4 1.3.4 Multiple Transmission Modes.................................................................................. 1-4 1.4 Structure Overview ............................................................................................................ 1-4 1.5 Main Functions................................................................................................................... 1-9 1.5.1 Basic Software Relative Functions.......................................................................... 1-9 1.5.2 Basic Hardware Relative Functions ...................................................................... 1-10 1.6 Technical Indices ............................................................................................................. 1-11

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User Manual M900/M1800 Base Transceiver Station (BTS30)

Chapter 1 An Introduction to BTS30

Chapter 1 An Introduction to BTS30

1.1 System Overview
In a GSM network, a Base Transceiver Station (BTS) belongs to the radio part of the base station subsystem, i.e. transmitting functions are performed by BTS. Figure 1-1 shows that a BTS is a set of transceiver equipment that serves a certain cell and is controlled by the BSC (base station controller).
Um Interface

MS BTS BSC A Interface MS

TUP,ISUP

PSTN ISDN PSPDN

MSC/VLR MAP BTS

M AP

BTS MS BTS OMC

HLR/AUC/EIR SMC/VM

MS: Mobile Station BTS: Base Transceiver Station BSC: Base Station Controller OMC: Operation and Maintenance Center HLR: Home Location Register AUC: Authentication Center EIR: Equipment Identity Register MSC: Mobile Switching Center VLR: Visitor Location Register SMC: Short Message Center VM: Voice Mailbox MAP: Mobile Application Part TUP: Telephone User Part PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network ISUP: Integrated Services Digital Network User Part/ISDN User Part ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network PSPDN: Packet Switched Public Data Network

Figure 1-1 Position of the BTS in the GSM system

A BTS connects with the BSC via the Abis interface. The air interface (Um interface), is used to realize the radio transmission between the BTS and the MS as well as the associated control functions. The BTS processes messages on layer 1, layer 2, and non-transparent transmission layer 3 on radio links and performs the related control functions, including: Interfacing with the BSC Radio channel management Operation and maintenance functions
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User Manual M900/M1800 Base Transceiver Station (BTS30)

Chapter 1 An Introduction to BTS30

Signaling protocol functions

1.2 System Characteristics

The M900/M1800 BTS30 is designed as a typical all-in-one BTS by taking full consideration of the requirements of capacity, configuration, installation, power supply, transmission, and services. Its characteristics are as follows.

1.2.1 Integrated RF Component Technology

Expansion based on the inheritance of the investment: BTS expansion can make the utmost of all the antenna and feeder parts. Modular structure with good performance: RF combiner, divider and low noise amplifier are integrated in CDU (Combining and Distribution Unit). All parts for TRX processing including baseband processing, RF processing, power amplification and power supply are all integrated in one TRX (Transceiver unit). Modular structure can reduce internal cable connections, improve system reliability and facilitate installation and maintenance. Intelligent CDU: Fine monitor and control function, excellent O&M, level 2 standing wave ratio alarm, low noise amplifier alarm, TTA (Tower Top Amplifier) alarm, TTA power supply. Auto protection against emergency: Close transmission power when transmit path antenna feeder is abnormal; power off to bypass LNA (Low Noise Amplifier) when TTA is abnormal so as to ensure normal system operation. Receive gain can be adjusted via remote control to ensure the sensitivity of the receive system.

1.2.2 Mature RF Technology

RF hopping and baseband frequency hopping are provided to improve system anti-interference capability. It has good performance in practical application. Advanced digital RF technology is adopted to raise batch consistency, manufacture scalability and stability of the RF system.

1.2.3 Advanced E-Abis Technology

The E-Abis (Enhanced Abis) supports various transmission modes and complex topologies, e.g. SDH, E1, microwave, satellite, etc. The E-Abis includes the following techniques: APL (Advanced Phase Locking) technique solves the problem of clock jittery, by using high-precision clock and characteristic software phase lock technique. The problems such as SDH clock phase jittery, signal out of lock during transmission via satellite are solved.

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With a tolerance of up to a bit error rate of 1E-4, i.e. 2 levels higher than the common 1E-6 bit error rate, a better and smooth voice quality can be obtained even in transmission through microwave, and satellite. The system can tolerate a intermittent link failure of less than 2 seconds, which makes the BTS30 more suitable for applications in unstable conditions such as SDH transmission switching, microwave, satellite transmission etc. Protection against long transmission delay on the Abis to support satellites networking.

1.2.4 Powerful O&M Functions

BTS30 can perform the following O&M functions: software downloading, BTS object attribute configuration management, equipment management and running status monitoring. Local end maintenance: provide man machine interface (MMI), and implement maintenance, monitoring and management to all objects of the BTS through the local end maintenance console. Remote end maintenance: O&M network is made in the GSM system. The authorized user can use any workstation in the network via the remote maintenance console to perform remote O&M to BTS NEs in the system. System state monitoring provides system running indices indication, resource state indication. Security management provides MS login authentication, command authority restriction, unsecured operation indication and user group management. Test: self-test of functions, loop-back test. Upgrade: automatically check the system for upgrade. System upgrading can be performed via remote loading. The system can be restored to its previous version if system upgrading fails.

1.3 Application Merits

1.3.1 Wide Coverage
When configuring TRX, the nominal value of transmission power is 40W. When PBU (Power Boost Unit) is equipped, the nominal value of transmission power can reach 80W; When EDU (Enhanced Duplexer Unit) is adopted, the RF signal combining consumption can be reduced and the BTS coverage can be expanded. Support dual timeslot expansion function (Theoretically, a maximum coverage of 120km can be supported).

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1.3.2 Expenditure Reduction

It supports multiplexing of 15:1, hence greatly reducing transmission expenditure. Transmission equipment such as SDH is integrated, providing a solution for future upgrade and wideband radio access and reducing transmission equipment investment. High reliability: Centralized power supply while providing power to various modules in a distributed way. BTS30 and BTS312 can provide DC +24V, DC -48V and AC 220V to satisfy different power supply requirement.

1.3.3 Smooth Evolution

Mixed dual band plug-in of 900MHz and 1800MHz modules of 6 cells. GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), which helps to realize smooth evolution from 2G to 2.5G.

1.3.4 Multiple Transmission Modes

Multiple built-in transmission modes: 75 /E1, 120/E1 and SDH. The BTS has powerful transmission adaptability.

1.4 Structure Overview

I. Logical Structure
In the GSM system, the BTS30 functions as a radio relay, connected with the MS via the Um interface on one side and to the BSC via the Abis interface on the other side. The logical structure of the BTS30 is shown in Figure 1-2.

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User Manual M900/M1800 Base Transceiver Station (BTS30)

External Alarm

Chapter 1 An Introduction to BTS30

Abis

TDU
ABB&ABA

Um
CBUS/TBUS/DBUS

TTA
CDU

TTA

TRX

FHBUS

BSC

E1

TTA

TTA

TMU
TRX
TEU TES

CDU

Fiber(Optinal)

TTA

TTA

PSU

PMU FMU
Common Unit

TRX

CDU

Signaling Processor Unit

Antenna Feeder Unit

Figure 1-2 BTS30 system structure

As shown in Figure 1-2, the hardware of BTS30 includes the following three functional parts: common unit, carrier unit and antenna unit. Common Unit The common unit consists of the Timing/transmission and Management Unit (TMU), the Timing Distribution Unit (TDU), the Transmission Extension Unit (TEU), the Transmission Extension power Supply unit (TES), the Fan Monitor Unit (FMU), the Power Supply Unit (PSU), the Power Monitoring Unit (PMU), the Abis Bypass board (ABB), Abis Bypass Assistant board (ABA), the switch box, the fan box and the air box. TMU is the basic transmission and control function entity in a BTS30 TDU is installed on the top of the cabinet. TEU is an optional unit used for SDH transmissions. TES is the power supply unit of TEU. FMU within the fan box controls the normal operation of fans and reports alarms in case of fan failure. PSU is the power supply unit for the whole system. PMU is the power monitoring unit. ABB is the Abis bypass board for the BTS30 in the chain networking. ABA is the Abis bypass assistant board. Switch box: distributed power supply is adopted to improve the reliability of power supply. Fan box: FMU is installed within the fan box. Air box is the inlet for the cool air. It is part of the cooling system to guarantee the normal operation of BTS. Signaling Processor Unit

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The signaling processor unit comprises Transceiver (TRX) unit, Power Booster Unit (PBU), Combiner and Divider Unit (CDU), Enhanced Combining and Distribution Unit (ECDU), Enhanced Duplexer Unit (EDU), Railway GSM Enhanced Combining and Distribution Unit (RCDU), RGSM Enhanced Duplexer Unit (REDU), Simple Combiner Unit (SCU) and Enhanced Simple Combining Unit (ESCU). TRX is a software and hardware entity that performs all processing functions of one carrier. PBU is the output power booster of TRX. It also provides the function of alarm collection. CDU supports broadband hybrid combining. At the transmitting end, signals of 2 channels are combined into 1 (2-into-1), while at the receiving end signals from 2 channels are divided into 4 (or 8 in case of only one channel) channels. ECDU supports the maximum input power of 100 W. EDU is a low-loss duplex divider unit which can achieve the transmitting and diversity receiving of signals for two TRXs. RCDU is another type of ECDU supporting the E-GSM band. REDU is another type of EDU supporting the E-GSM band. SCU fulfills 4-into-1 combining. It is used to save CDUs. ESCU supports both P-GSM and E-GSM bands as well as the maximum input power of 100 W. Antenna Feeder unit Antenna feeder unit implements the receiving and transmitting of RF signals. It includes the antenna, feeder, low-loss transmission cable and lightning arrester.

II. Software structure

BTS software not only performs the protocol functions specified in the signaling model shown in Figure 1-3, but also implements BTS operation, maintenance and testing functions. Based on different hardware entities, BTS software consists of: Radio interface signal processing unit, i.e., the Um interface media access layer running in the digital signal processing unit of the TRX module, Signaling processing unit, including radio resources management (RR), Abis interface link layer protocol (LAPD), Abis interface media access control layer, Um interface link layer protocol (LAPDm), etc. which run in the signaling processing unit of TRX module, Operation and maintenance unit, including BTS fault management, performance management, configuration management, security management, data management, Abis interface transmission control and local man-machine interface, which run in the TMU unit.
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User Manual M900/M1800 Base Transceiver Station (BTS30)

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BTS software also includes the programs handling the communication among various units in BTS.

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User Manual M900/M1800 Base Transceiver Station (BTS30)

MS CM L3 MM RR L2 L1 LAPDm SigL1 RR LAPDm SigL1 BTS BTSM LAPDm SigL1

Chapter 1 An Introduction to BTS30

BSC RR BTSM SCCP LAPDm SigL1 MTP BSSMAP

CM: Connection Management MM: Mobility Management RR: Radio Resource Management BTSM: BTS Management BSSAP: Base Station Subsystem Application Part

LAPD: Link Access Protocol on D channel LAPDm: Link Access Protocol on Dm channel SCCP: Signaling Connection Control Part MTP: Message Transfer Part

Figure 1-3 BTS signaling structure

III. Cabinet structure

1) Dimension

The cabinet of the M900/M1800 BTS30 is a 19 inch standard cabinet in accordance with the IEC297 standard, with the following dimensions: HeightWidthDepth=1600mm 600mm450mm. The cabinet is shown in Figure 1-4.

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User Manual M900/M1800 Base Transceiver Station (BTS30)

Chapter 1 An Introduction to BTS30

(4)

(8)

(6) (2)

(7) (1)

(5)

(3)

(1) TRX/CDU frame (4) Switch box (7) Front door

(2) Rack (5) Fan box (8) Back plate

(3) Common resource frame (6) Air box

Figure 1-4 General view of the cabinet 2) Cabinet features Standard 19" cabinet. Strong and simple structure. Aluminum alloys are used to reduce the cabinet's weight. Good shielding effect and conductivity. Wind tunnels ensure good ventilation and heat dissipation. Simple and convenient installation and maintenance.

1.5 Main Functions

Basic functions provided by BTS30 software and hardware are listed below.

1.5.1 Basic Software Relative Functions

The BTS30 has the following main functions: Support both 900MHz and 1800MHz frequency systems. Support EGSM/RGSM extended frequency band services. All data services prescribed in Phase II+.
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Support GPRS. Support Phase I/Phase II /Phase II+ compatible LAPDm protocol. Support Phase I/Phase II/Phase II+ compatible system message issuing and resources instruction. Support CS-1/CS-2/CS-3/CS-4 radio channel coding scheme. Support FR (Full Rate) / EFR (Enhanced Full Rate) / HR (Half Rate) and all kinds of speech coding scheme. Support broadcast short message and point-to-point short message. Support paging queue. Support A5/1, A5/2 encryption/decryption. Support basic data dynamic configuration. Support basic data dynamic configuration. Support measurement report preprocessing. Support Abis, 10:1, 12:1 and 15:1signaling multiplexing. Support BCCH carrier cooperation. Support immediate assignment combination and paging combination, boosting the radio channel efficiency. Support discontinuous transmission (DTX) and DRX. Support omni cell and directional cell. Support chain/tree/start/loop networking. Support locked, fast pull-in, holdover and free run clock modes. Support synchronous, asynchronous and quasi-synchronous handover. Support Um interface tracing and internal interface tracing. Support remote and local loading of software. Support dynamic and static power control. Support satellite transmission and Abis 16k signaling transmission. Support extended cell. Support scanning uplink frequency band. Support Huaweis G-II power control algorithm. Support multi-cell (up to 12 cells) configuration. Support timeslot based baseband/RF frequency hopping. Support Class3 MS large power.

1.5.2 Basic Hardware Relative Functions

Support eight E1s and 12 antenna feeders. Support built-in optical transmission boards TEU and TES. Support 24 switching/digital inputs, 8 digital outputs and 8 analog inputs. Support cabinet combination. Support storage battery management. Support both M900 and M1800 modules. Support lightning protection at trunk ports, power supply ports and RF ports. Support E1 bypass after BTS power failure
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Support PBU (Power Boost Unit) and EDU (Enhanced Duplexer Unit). Support monitoring external power. The power monitoring module reports the alarm when there is no power input. Support the report of BTS bar code, software version and hardware version of part of the boards Support TMU self-correcting crystal oscillation central frequency. Support clock backup and master/slave clock handover. Support clock pull-in mode. Support E1/RF self-loop test.

1.6 Technical Indices

1) Physical dimensions HeightWidthDepth=1600mm600mm450mm 2) Power system 220V AC: 150~280VAC/45~65Hz -48V DC: -40~-60VDC 24V DC: 19~29VDC 3) 4) 5) Working temperature -5C ~ +45C (ambient temperature) Working humidity 15% ~ 85% Weight 180kg for a single cabinet when fully configured Weight bearing requirement: 250kg/m2 (with 10% tolerance) 6) 7) Power consumption Maximum power consumption of a single cabinet: 1200W Receiving sensitivity

-110dBm (900M)
-109dBm (1800M) 8) Transmitting power The range of 40W TRX (900M) transmitting power: 46.0dBm ~ 47.3dBm The range of 40W TRX (1800M) transmitting power: 45.5dBm ~ 46.7dBm The range of 60W TRX (900M) transmitting power: 47.3dBm ~ 48.3dBm The range of 60W TRX (1800M) transmitting power: 47.3dBm ~ 48.3dBm The range of 40W TRX+PBU (900M) transmitting power: 48dBm ~ 50dBm The range of 40W TRX+PBU (1800M) transmitting power: 48dBm ~ 50.5dBm

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