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Phase Fault Calculations: Prospective Fault Current Network Impedances
Phase Fault Calculations: Prospective Fault Current Network Impedances
Where:
• Ze = external phase impedance
• Z1 = phase conductor impedance
• Uph = phase voltage
• Zn = neutral impedance
Minimum Fault Current
This calculation gives the lowest prospective fault current. For example, for a three-phase and
neutral circuit, a phase-neutral fault would give the lowest current. The calculation also uses
circuit resistances measured at the average fault temperature.
Three phase and neutral circuit
Where:
• UL = line voltage (phase to phase) voltage
• Uph = phase voltage
• Ze = external phase impedance
• Z1 = phase conductor impedance at the average fault temperature
• Zn = neutral conductor impedance at the average fault temperature
When performing earth fault calculations all resistances are calculated at the average fault
temperature. The value of open circuit voltage (Uoc) will depend on the voltage at the source of
supply.
For each circuit in any network, the total earth fault impedance (Zs) can be calculated using:
Where:
• Ze = external earth impedance
• Z1 = phase conductor impedance
• Z2 = circuit protective conductor (CPC) impedance
See Also