DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY AND MENTAL HEALTH NURSING

FACULTY OF NURSING UNIVERSITAS PADJADJARAN

SPIRITUALITY

Considering a light bulb analogous to a human, the glass, aluminum : the physical dimension; the light and warmth the bulb elicits : the psychological the electrical current : as the spiritual dimension. Outcomes of spiritual care is that patients: can count their blessings, achieve inner peace & explore coping strategies
(Stallwood & Stoll 1975 ;Taylor, E. F. (2002))

What is Spirituality?
Subjective Taboo Unique

Private

Universal

Spirituality
Sensitive Mysterious Personal Complex

RELIGION a system of beliefs & practices that a person can use to express their spirituality, Examples : Christianscross, Bible IslamQuran, prayer JewishTorah, festivals BuddhismKharma, Buddha

McSherry (1997) 84% of nurses identified patients with spiritual needs Only 40% felt that they were able to meet their patients spiritual needs 53.8% of the qualified nurses stated that they had not received any instruction into the spiritual dimension 72.8% who felt that they did not receive sufficient training into this aspect of care Nursing Times (NT 2009) Should nursing practice automatically include a spiritual element? Yes - 72% No - 28%

RESEARCH SPIRITUALITY

Research Shows
Health professionals are often inadequately prepared to provide spiritual care Penman et al 2009 Nurses tend to equate spirituality with religion Oldnall, 1996 Nursing assessment has been dominated by the medical model (physical needs) Baldacchino, 2006 87% of patients consider spirituality & religion to be important in their lives Edwards et al 2010

Increased Time of Spiritual Need & Nursing Diagnosis

Spiritual distress related to. Acute Illness Ineffective coping related to .. Chronic Illness Hopelessness related to Near-Death experience Chronic low self-esteem Terminal Illness Disabled family coping Individuation Dysfunctional grieving Disaster Ineffective coping Infirmity Powerlessness Fear Grief and loss

6. PERGAULAN DUNIA

7. GLOBALISASI TENAGA KES.

1. MAINTENANCE HOMEOSTASIS 2. SUPPORT COMMUNAL CULTURE AL HUJURAT 13 3. LOCAL WISDOM 4. RELIGION BACKGROUND & HEALING 5. PATIENT CULTURE & HOSPITAL

8. TRANSCULTURAL NURSING

9. PRINSIP & THEORY TRANSCULTURAL NURSING

10. CULTURE COMPETENCE 11. STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI LINTAS BUDAYA

Kronologis & Kerangka pikir

MAKNA TRANSCULTURAL AL HUJURAT 13

O mankind, indeed We have created you from male and female and made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another. Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted.

1. MAINTENANCE HOMEOSTATIS, SPIRITUALITY AS SOURCE FOR SUPPORT, COPING & GUIDE TO PERCEPTION Perception of stressor Source for Coping support mechanism Balanced is achieved
when the perception of the stressful event is realistic and support and coping mechanisms are adequate

imbalanced can occur when the perception of the event is exaggregated or support and coping mechanisms are inadequate

2. Support Communal Culture

I ORANG-ORANG BAIK DI SEKITAR KITA (SOURCE FOR SUPPORT & SIGNIFICANT PERSON) BISA MEMBANTU KITA

L M

3. CULTURE & LOCAL WISDOM

LIFE STYLE & BEHAVIOR Diet, Exercises, Health related behavior : Smoking, Alcohol, Emotional stress, coping
HEALTH DISEASE

ATTITUDE & BELIEFS Definition of Health, conception of body, Attribution about disease causality, Attitude about health & illness, Locus of Control, Treatment Compliance, Help seeking behavior, Social network and support

ENVIRONMENT Temperature, Climate, Sanitation

HEALTH CARE SYSTEM Quality of care System/organization, insurance

Resource : Psychological model of cultural influences on physical Health, David Matsumoto, 2000: 246

3. LOCAL WISDOM

CHARACTERISTIC OF DISEASES, HELP SEEKING BEHAVIOR AND ATTITUDE OF CARING NEEDS

NURSE SHOULD TO KNOW ABOUT LOCAL WISDOM

3. LOCAL WISDOM

3. LOCAL WISDOM
China : connectedness, financial intelligence Padang : assertiveness, household Responsible Jawa : resilience , communal, eager Sunda : Polite, others feeling security Batak : to the point, argumentative Bali : Artistic, spiritualism, naturalism Aceh : Religious, consistence
PERCEPTION OF STRESSOR
SOURCE FOR SUPPORT COPING MECHANISM

4. RELIGION BACKGROUND, SPIRITUALITY & HEALING

Tayamum, sholat, doa, mengaji, istigfar, wudlu, baca yasin, talkin, ingin didampingi ustad, kyai, guru ngaji, sirkumsisi, makanan halal

Doa,penebusan dosa,lagu rohani, mendatangkan pastor, penginjil, sakramen, patung Yesus, mengenakan salib

Perayaan waisak, ingin didampingi rohaniawan, ingin kostum khusus, ritual di ruangan, kunjungan khusus anggota perkumpulan keagamaan, doa-doa khusus

5. PATIENT CULTURE AND HOSPITAL

PASIEN (CLIENT) Tempat lahir (place of Born) Pola asuh (pattern of parenting) Kebiasaan berobat (cultural healing) Perilaku sehat (health activities) Agama (religion) Sistem kesehatan (Health System) Biaya kesehatan (Health economy) Informasi (Health information) Orang penting (Support system) Dst.

RUMAH SAKIT (HOSPITAL) Variasi tim kes. (health team variation) Kebijakan (decision) Biaya (hospitalization fee) Prosedur (procedure) Alat (instrument) Perubahan ADL (Change of ADL) Terpisah (separation from family) Obat (medication) Perubahan pemenuhan Kebutuhan dasar (change of basic needs)

6. PERGAULAN DUNIA TANTANGAN BAGI PERAWAT

AFRIKA

THAILAND
AMERIKA ANAK

CHINA

JEPANG
PALESTINE SCOTLAND

INDONESIA

JORDAN

CHINA

INGGRIS

BULGARIA

AUSTRALIA SOUTH AFRICA INDONESIA NIGERIA INGGRIS

KEBUTUHAN & PERGAULAN DUNIA

7. TRANSCULTURAL DAN GLOBALISASI TENAGA KESEHATAN

ANTA in Rajasthan State Jaipur India PADANG Songkhla, Thailand

KOMPETISI BERSAING BERLOMBA BERSAHABAT

ANTApani Stikes Dharma Husada

Stikes kota PADANG

BANGOR, Wales, United Kingdom

7. Globalisasi TENAGA KESEHATAN

KESETARAAN SEBAGAI MAHLUK TUHAN

Budak BANGOR, ti STIKEP PPNI

Lake TAHOE, Sierra Nevada Doctor from TEMPE, Arizon Amerikaa

TAHOE, Stikes kota Sumedang Dokter, anak penjual TEMPE ti Unjani Cimahi

7. Globalisasi TENAGA KESEHATAN

Filipino Doctors Become U.S. Nurses, over the last 20 years. The country's National Institute of Health Policy estimates as many as 3,000 doctors are currently studying to become nurses

A formal area of study and practice focused on comparative human-care (caring) differences and similarities of the beliefs, values, and patterned life ways of cultures to provide culturally, congruent, meaningful and beneficial health care to people (Leininger M, and R.C. Farland M, 2002:6)

8. TRANSCULTURAL NURSING
Viewed as a culturally competent practice field that is client centered and research focused . Although transcultural nursing is viewed as client centered, it is important for nurses to remember that culture can and does influence how clients are viewed and the care that is rendered.
(Giger and Davidhijzar, 1995:7)

9. Prinsip Transcultural Nursing

1.Human caring (tanpa membedakan suku, ras, agama) 2.Pengetahuan Setiap budaya dapat digunakan dalam merawat orang dari budaya berbeda/mirip. 3.Keperawatan yang peka budaya termasuk hak azasi 4.Budaya, bervariasi ,berakulturasi, berubah 5.Kajian ilmiah antar budaya (Komparatif) memberikan pengetahuan bagi perawat 6.Keperawatan transcultural membutuhkan pemahaman tentang diri sendiri, budaya orang lain, potensi konflik , cara mengatasi konflik. 7.Pengembangan riset menghasilkan pengetahuan baru dan pelayanan yang humanis

9. Madeleine Leiningers Transcultural Care Theory and Ethnonursing

Nursing is a learned humanistic and scientific profession and discipline which is focused on human care phenomena and activities in order to assist, support, facilitate, or enable individuals or groups to maintain or regain their well being (or health) in culturally meaningful and beneficial ways, or to help people face handicaps or death.

Cultural Competence

Cultural Competence; Seperangkat kemampuan soft skill perawat yang dibutuhkan dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan yang peka budaya. Untuk memahami dan memiliki kemampuan peka budaya, perawat membutuhkan pemahaman tentang pandangan budaya dirinya dan budaya klien yang dirawatnya.

http://www.nynj-phtc.org/images

Kata nabi kita harus belajar ke CHINA CHINA terus belajar bahasa Inggris Jadi kita kudu bisa ngomong Inggris

Reference
1. A Testoff and R Aronoff, (1983).The Health Careers Opportunity Program: one influence on increasing the number of minority students in schools of health professions. Public Health Rep. vol. 98(3): pp. 284291. Carl Shusterman (2004) Filipino Doctors Become U.S. Nurses available at http://articles.latimes.com. Accessed 8-3-2013 Deborah Lewis (2009), Midwifery Business available at http://www.mamatoto.net/default.asp?id=64 accessed 8-3-2013 Kompas, Lulusan Perawat Hanya Terserap 4-10, Persen tersedia dalam http://regional.kompas.com diakses tanggal 3 Desember 2013. Linda H. Aiken, Sean P. Clarke, Douglas M. Sloane, Julie A. Sochalski, Reinhard Busse, Heather Clarke, Phyllis Giovannetti, Jennifer Hunt, Anne Marie Rafferty and Judith Shamian, (2001), Nurses Reports On Hospital Care In Five Countries, Journal of Health Affair, vol. 20 pp. 343-53 Taylor, Whitehead, D., (2003) , The health-promoting nurse as a health policy career expert and entrepreneur Nurse Education Today, Volume 23,(8), Pp 585592.

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