ENGLISH A/E or E/A AASHTO acceptance test ACI ACIP, ACIP Pile active earth pressure Adaptor additive

Adfreezing adhesion Adjacent Piles admixture, addition ADSC-IAFD adsorbed water

Advance Splicer Aeolian soil AFEO

A-Frame

Aft Batter

AGC aggregate air air entrainment

air hose Air Port(s) Air/Steam Hammer Airlift

Airlock Airport allowable bearing value

Allowable Load

alluvium anchor anchor head Anchor Pile

anchor wall anchorage, anchoring, anchor plate anchored bulkhead Angle Iron Guides

Angle of Internal Friction angle of repose

anode Anomaly Anvil

API apparent tendon free length

applied stress apron

aquiclude Aquifer arching Artesian Head artesian pressure Artesian Water ASCE ASFE ASTM at rest pressure Atomization, Impact

Atomization, Injection

Atterberg limits

auger

auger boring auger flights

Auger Refusal Augercast, Augercast Pile Augered Cast-in-Place (ACIP) Pile

augered pile Automated Monitoring Equipment AWPA

AWS backfill backhoe Back-Up-Ring

bailer banding barrette

Basal Heave

base failure

basement battered pile beam bearing capacity

bearing pile

bearing pressure Bearing Pressure, Allowable

Bearing Pressure, Design Bearing Surface Bearing Wall bedrock

Bell belled anchor belled caisson bending bending moment

bentonite

berm Bevel Weld

blast, to bleed Bleeding

Bleeding Creosote

blocking

Blockout blow count

blow counter Blow Out of Pile Blowing

bog Boiling

boiling of sand

Bollard bolt Bond Bond Length bond strength Bongossi Bonnet boom bore, boring bored pile

borehole diameter Boring

borrow material Bottom Brace

bottom heave boulder boulder clay Bounce Chamber Pressure Box Lead

Box Pile

BP

brace

Brace Pile braced excavation bracing

Bracket Pile breaking stress breast wall

Brooming

Bruns Pile buckling building building code, building-by-law Building Settlement Point - see Settlement Point building site bulb of stress

bulk filing bulkhead

bulldozer Bulls Liver

buoyancy buoyant unit weight

butt-end Button-Bottom Pile

buttress, to

Butt-Welding

cage

CAGI caisson

Caisson Hammer

Caisson Pile Caisson Weights

calibration Calling the Pile Can Lead

Cant Hook cantilever

cantilever sheet piles

Cap and Plumb Post

Cap Block

Cap Material

Capacity Capacity Modification Factor Capacity, Bearing or Geotechnical Capacity

Capacity, Geotechnical Capacity, Lateral Capacity, Structural Capacity, Tension Capblock capillarity CAPWAP

case history

Case Method

cased borehole

casing

Casing Blows Casing Twister

casing, casing pipe

cast in situ concrete diaphragm wall cast-in-place pile, cast-in-situ pile Cat Head

Catamaran cathode Cathodic Protection

Caudill Drive Point Pile cavity cc cellular cofferdam

Cement Bentonite cement grout

centralizer

centrifuge cfm CGS chamber Champion Splicer

characteristic internal anchor resistance

charges (explosives) chemical grouting chemical properties Chicago Caisson Chill Ring chisel Chock chopping bit Chuck Lead

Churn Drill

CIMA Circular-Type Cellular Cofferdam

Circulation

Clamshell Bucket clay

Clay Cutter Cleaning bucket Cleat

clients technical representative Closed Specification closely graded soil

coarse grained Coarse-Grained Soil

cobble Cobi Mandrel

coefficient of earth pressure Coefficient of Restitution (e)

cofferdam

cohesion Cohesionless Soil cohesionless, non-cohesive Cold Joint colloid Colluvium column Combustion Delay compact, to compactability Compacted Concrete Pile

Compaction compaction grouting

compaction pile

composite pile

Compound Batter Pile Compound Inclination Pile compressed air compression Compression Leads compression pile Compression Stroke compression wave compressor Computer Wave Equation Program

concentrated load concrete (reinforced) Concrete Batching Concrete Cover concrete pile concrete placing concreting pipe cone penetrometer

Cone Penetrometer Test confined compression test

conglomerate Consecutive Panel consolidate Consolidation constant loading rate

constant rate of penetration test

contact grouting contact pressure Contact Sheeting container Contiguous bored pile walls

Continuous flight auger pile (CFA pile)

Contraction Joint contractor controlled blasting

Convertible Diesel Pile Hammer conveyor core cored pile

Coring

Corner Panel coupler cover (concrete) CPM CPT CPTU crack Cradle, Hammer creep creep limit creosoted wood piles

Crew, Pile

Crib

crib wall

critical creep load Cross Head

Crosshole Sonic Logging (CSL)

Crowd

CRP Cruciform Barrette

crushed stone, crushed rock

CSL Cuneiform Pile curtain (watertight lateral)

Curtain Wall

Cushion Cushion Blocks

Cushion, Pile cushioning cut Cut Off Cut-Off Elevation cut-off wall

cutting ring

Cutting Shoe

Cyclone cylinder Cylinder Lift

dam

Damping Factor

Dap datum load deadload deadman

decay time decomposed rock decompression Decrementation deep foundation

Deep Soil Mixing deflection

deformation degree of compaction degree of saturation delay Density

Density Index density, unit weight deposit Depth of Fixity

depth of foundation depth of penetration Desander Desanding Plant Desiccation desiccation design

Design Drawing Design Engineering Firm

design load details deterioration detonation Deviation device dewatering

DFI diaphragm

Diaphragm Wall

Diaphragm-Type Cellular Cofferdam

Diesel Hammer

Diesel Hammer, Closed-End

Diesel Hammer, Open-End Diesel I Program Dieseling differential settlement

Differential-Acting Hammer

Dike Dip dip (geol.)

Direct Circulation

Direct Circulation Drill disintegration displacement

Displacement Amplitude (So) displacement grouting

displacement pile

distributed load disturbed sample diversion

DJMM - Dry Jet Mixing Method

DMM -Deep Mixing Method or DSMM -Deep Soil Mixing Method dock Dock Builder

Dog-Leg Pile Dolly

dolphin

Doodle or Dummy Hole

Double Sheets double wall cofferdam Double-Acting Diesel Hammer Double-Acting Hammer

Dowel Down Hole Hammer Downdrag drag dragline Dragload

Drainage Chase drawdown

dredge Dredging

Drift

drift

Drift Bolt

Drift Pit drill drill hole

Drilled Pier Drilled Pile Drilled Shaft

Drilled-In-Caisson

drilled-in-pile Driller's Stroke

drilling Drilling Bucket

drilling fliud/mud drilling fluid drilling mud drilling rig drive Drive Cap Drive Cap Insert drive shoe

drive tube

Driveability Drive-Fit Sleeve

driven pile driving

Driving Capacity(Fd) Driving Criteria

Driving Formula Driving Frequency (d)

Driving Head Driving Log

Driving Point driving record

driving resistance

driving test drop hammer

dry density, dry unit weight

Dry Sampling

dry weight

Drypack

Dry-processed Method

ductility Duplex Drilling

durability Dutch Block Dutch Cone

Dutch Leaders

dyke Dynamic Compaction

Dynamic Force

Dynamic Formula

dynamic load test dynamic loading Dynamic Mass (mdyn)

Dynamic method of analysis

Dynamic Pile Monitoring

Dynamic Pile Test

dynamic sounding, - driving

dynamic test Earth Anchors

Earth Auger

earth pressure

eccentric loading

Eccentric Moment (Me) eccentricity effective pressure

EIC

EIT Elastic Deformation

elastic strain elasticity modulus electrode electro-osmosis Elevation embankment embed, to

Embedment

encapsulation

Encasement

End Bearing End Closure End Resistance End Stop (Pipe)

End Stop Extractor end-bearing pile

energy loss Energy, Impact Energy, Rated Energy, Transferred

engineering Engineering Geologist engineering geology Engineering News Formula def. 1 Engineering News Formula def. 2 Enlarged Base

enlarged base entrapped air epoxy Epoxy Grout equilibrium equipment European Lead

evaporation excavated material excavation

excavator excess hydrostatic pressure

Exhaust Ports Expanded Base Expanded Pile Expansive Soil

explosive

Explosive Force

Extension, Helical

Extensometer external anchor resistance

extraction Extractor

factor of safety Factored Bearing Capacity (of a foundation unit)

Factored load Factored resistance Factored Soil-strength Parameter failure failure load Failure of a Pile Foundation

failure surface False Pile

false set

Falsework

fascine

fault, faulting Faying Surface Fender Fender Cap Fender Pile Fender System

FGS FHWA fill, filling

filler

filling filter Filter Cake

Filter Press Filtrate Loss Final Blow Count Final Set fines

finite element method

firm bottom Fish Plates Fish Tail Bit Fish Tails

fissure grouting fixed anchor length

fixed end moment

flexible foundation flexural strength

Floating Pile Driver floating pile foundation flocculent floor flotation flow flow net

Flowable Fill

Flowline

Fluid Power

Fluidifier (and/or Grout Fluidifier)

fly ash Flying Hammer

foliation Follow Block or Cap

follower

Foot of a Pile Footer footing Foot-Pound Blow Fore Batter Foreman, Pile formation foundation Foundation (Lifting) Bracket

Foundation Pile

Foundation Unit Foundation Unit, Deep

fracture frame

Franki Pile free anchor length Free-Hanging Hammer Freeze French Drain

frequency

fresh water friable rock friction friction pile

Friction/End-Bearing Pile frost Frost Line

Frost Action

frost heave

Frost-susceptible Soil

G.C. gate

gauge, gage

Gel

Geocomb

Geofoam

geology geophysical exploration Geotechnical Engineer

geotechnique GI Gibs

Gins or Gin Pole GIR

girder Girts glacial deposit glacial outwash

Glacial Till Glut G-mandrel

Go Devil

Go-For / Gopher

Gow Caisson

gpm or gph or gpd GPR Grab gradation Grade

grader

grain shape grain size gravel gravity grouting gravity hammer

Greenheart

Grid Grillage grillage footing

grind Grit Groin, Groyne

Ground Freezing

ground level Ground Modification

ground surface Ground Vibration

groundwater

Groundwater Table Groundwater, Artesian

group action Grout

grout curtain Grout Factor

Grout Head Grout Return

grout, to Grouted Piles

grouting grouting pressure

Grouting, Foundation

Guard Pile Guides

guide-walls

Gumbo Guy Guy Derrick Hairpin Hairpin Lead

hammer Hammer Cage

Hammer Cushion Hammer Efficiency Hammer Energy Hammer Grab Hammer Line Hammer Speed Hammer Uplift

Hand Spike

Hanging Leads Hard-Bite hardpan

hauling equipment hazard H-Beam H-Beam Lead

Head

Head Block

headwall heat of hydration heave

Helical Anchor

Helical Anchorage

helical auger Helical Binders Helical Foundation

Helical Foundation System

Helical Pile Helical Pulldown Micropile

Helical Screw Anchor

Helical Shell

HeliCAP

Helix

Helix Screw Pile Helmet

heterogeneous High Strain Dynamic Testing Method

Hiley Formula

Hoisting Engine Hollow-Stem Auger Home, Pile homogeneous horizontal earth pressure Hospital Side H-pile

Hydraulic Collapse Hydraulic Conductivity hydraulic fill hydraulic fracturing (hydraulic fracture, claquage grouting) Hydraulic Grab Hydraulic Hammer hydrology Hydromill Excavator

Hydrostatic Pore Pressure Hydrostatic Pressure IBC ICE ice and snow Ice Segregation impact Impact Atomization

Impact Block

Impact Blow Impact Force

Impact Velocity Impedance Impermeable

impervious impervious blanket Impulse Response Test

Impulse-Echo Test

Inclined Pile Inclinometer

Incrementation

index Indicator Pile indurated inelastic deformation

infiltration Inflecture Point Influence line

initial set Injection Atomization

Inkwell inlet Inlet Port

Inlet Pressure inorganic soil Insert

InSitu Insitu Pile

in-situ strength in-situ test inspection Inspector, Pile Instrumentation instrumentation Instrumented pile load test

intact rock integrity test

intergranular interlocks of steel sheet piling

internal friction Internal Hammer

Internal Waler Interpile invert investigation test jack

Jack Test jacked piles

Jacking

jacking equipment Jaws jet Jet Grouting

jetted pile Jetting

Jetty

joint joint pattern J-Side J-Tip karst Kelly Bar

Kentledge Key

Kicker

Kilonewton King Pile

King Post

Kip Koden Drilling Monitor

Lace

Lacing Lagged Pile

lagging

Lags

Laitance

land landslide Large Diameter Pile lateral forces

Lateral Load lateral pressure

Lateral Pressure (load), Allowable lateral support

layer leach Lead Column

Lead Rails

Lead, Cardonic

Lead, Helical

Leaders Leading Edge Leads

Leads, Extended Leads, Fixed Leads, Free-Hanging Leads, Semifixed

Leads, Swinging Leads, Three-Way Leads, Underhung Leads, Vertical-Travel

leakage

Lean Concrete levee lever arm Lifting Sling lightweight aggregate Lightweight Fill

lime, limestone Limerock limit analysis Line Oiler liner

Liner Wall lining Liquefaction

liquefaction failure liquid liquid limit liquidity index live load load load bearing element load carrying capacity, bearing capacity load factor

load gauge load increment load loss limit Load Modification Factor load test, loading test

Load, Allowable

Load, Applied Load, Service loader loading and unloading loading frame Loading Test Load-movement curve load-settlement curve loam lock lock off load Lock Seam loess Lofting Loftsman

log

loose Louver Low Displacement Pile Low heat concrete

Low Mobility Grouting (LMG) Low Strain Integrity Test

LRFD lubricate Lubricator MLT

made ground maintained load test

Make-Up-Pile

Mandrel

Man-made Obstruction

mantel, sleeve

Marine Borer

marine deposit mark, bench mark

marl marsh Marsh Funnel

mass concrete

Mast Lead mat foundation/footing, raft

Mats

McDermid Plate

Mean Low Water

measurement membrane mesh Michigan Tests

micro pile

micropile joint

Milan Method mineral

Mini-piles mixed-in-place mixer Mixing Plant mobile equipment

modulus of elasticity

modulus of subgrade reaction moist moisture content moment of inertia monkey

Monkey Stick

Monotube Montee Caisson

Montmorillonite

Moonbeam

Mooring Pile

moraine

mortar

Motive Fluid mottled Muck Muck Bucket Mud Balance Mud Line Mud Mat

Mud Wall

mud, muck Mudcake Mudding-In

mudjacking

mudwave multibench blasting

Multi-Hhelix Anchor multi-row blasting

multi-stage grouting multistory building

N Value, SPT Value

natural water content, moisture content

Necking Needle Beam

Needle Gauge

Needle Piles Negative Batter Negative Inclination negative pore water pressure Negative shaft resistance negative skin friction

Net Settlement Neutral Plane

New Construction Bracket

nipple Nominal Axial Load nondestructive tests non-displacement grouting

Non-Displacement Piles normally consolidated NRMCA NSGCSA

NUCA observation well

Offshore Lead

Oiler

Omega Piles One Bag Mix open caisson open cut Orange Peel Bucket

Order Lengths organic matter Oriented Core

oscillator Oslo Point

osmosis Osterberg cell test

outcrop (geol.) outwash plain

over excavation overbreak

overburden

Over-cast length

overconsolidated Overconsolidation Ratio (OCR) Overdriving

Overhead Leads overload Over-pour overstress

Overtake p.s.i.g.

Pad panel Pants, Hammer

Parallel Seismic Test

Parallelogram Brace particle size

Particle Velocity

passive earth pressure PCA PCSA PDA

PDCA pea gravel peak shear strength peat

Peavy pebble Pedestal Pile

Peeled Pendulum Leads penetration grouting penetration record penetration resistance

penetration test

Penetration, Gross Penetration, Minimum

Penetration, Net penetrometer

Penny percentage by weight

perched water table

percolation

Percussion boring/drilling

Performance Factor

permafrost

permanent anchor permeability permeation (impregnation) grouting pH

phreatic line, - surface Pier

pier footing

piezometer

piezometric head piezometric surface

Pig

pile

pile (driving) frame pile bearing capacity

Pile Bent

Pile Buck Pile Bulkhead Pile Butt

pile cap

Pile Clamps

Pile Cluster

Pile Cushion Pile Cut-Off Pile Driver

pile driving Pile Driving Analyzer Pile Driving Cap pile driving formula

pile driving resistance

Pile Encasement

pile extraction Pile Extractor

Pile Fall Pile Formula

pile foundation

Pile Frame Pile Gate pile group pile hammer Pile Hammer, Automatic Pile Hammer, Semi-Automatic Pile Head Pile Heave Pile Impedance

Pile Installation Recorder Pile Joint

Pile Line

pile loading test Pile Log Pile Master

Pile Monkey

Pile Penetration Pile Point Pile Refusal Pile Rig Pile Shaft Pile Shoe

Pile Splicer

Pile Sweep Pile Take Up Pile Template

Pile Toe Pile toe grouting Pile Top Rig Pile, Cast-In-Place Concrete Pile, Timber

Pile-raft Foundation Piling Contractor Pin Pile pipe Pipe Extractor Pipe Pile Pipe Sleeve pipeline piping Piston

piston sampler pit PIT (Pile Integrity Tester)

pit run materials Pitch Opening Pitching the Pile plane of weakness plane strain

plastic concrete

plastic concrete wall plastic deformation plastic limit plastic soil plasticity

plasticity index plate bearing test, plate loading test plug Plumb Pile pneumatic caisson Pogo Stick point bearing pile point load

Point of Fixity

point resistance Poisson's ratio polymer Polymer Slurry

polymer-based slurry pond Pony Beam

Pony Leads poorly graded, - sorted Porcupine Plate

Pore Pressure pore pressure dissipation

Pore Pressure Elevation, Phreatic Pore Pressure, Artesian

Pore Pressure, Hydrostatic pore water pressure porosity Positive Batter Post-tensioned Panel

Post-tensioning

power augers

Power Pack

Practical Refusal Preaugering, Preboring or Predrilling

precast concrete

precast concrete diaphragm wall Precast Pile

Precast Segmental Pile

Precast Slurry Wall precompression pre-consolidation preconsolidation pressure Pre-Excavation

prefabrication Prefiring Preignition preliminary investigation preliminary micropile

preliminary pile

pre-loading

prepacked pile preservation presplitting

pressure pressure at rest pressure bulb pressure gauge

Pressure Grouting Pressure Head Pressure Injected Footing Pressure Meter Pressure -Treated Pile

prestress Prestressed Pile

Prestressing

Pretensioned Spun Concrete Pile

Pretensioning

primary consolidation Primary Drive Cap Primary Panel Probe pile

Production Pile Production, Piles project proof load prop

protection protective coatings

Protector Pruyn Point psi, psf PTI puddle-clay Puddling Pull Out Resistance pulling test pump pumped concrete

pumping test Quake qualification test quality control quarry quartz quay quay wall quick condition quick lime Quick Test

quicksand

R Rabbit

Racking Hammer raft foundation Rail Pile railroad Railroad Pile Driver Raker Raker Point Raking Pile Ram

Ram point rammer

Range Pile Ranger rapid drawdown

Rat Hole rate indicator rate of loading Rated Speed Raymond Step-Tapered Pile RCD Reaction Pile

reamed Reamer Rebar Cage Rebound

rebound curve

recharge recompression recovery Rectangular Cofferdam

rectangular footing reference point Refusal

Regrout Tube reinforced concrete pile

reinforced earth reinforced slurry wall

Reinforcement relative density relaxation

relief well

repetitive loading Residual Soil residual stress

resin Resistance Resistance Factor Resistance Modification Factor Resistance, Shaft Resistance, Toe Resistance, Ultimate resisting moment resonant frequency Re-strike a Pile

retaining wall

retarding agent Reverse Circulation

Reverse Circulation Drill

Reverse Head Rider Cap Rig rigid foundation rigid wall

riprap

rock

rock anchor rock bolts Rock Point Rock Quality Designation (RQD) Rock Shoe Rock Socket rockfill rod Rope Suspended Lead Rotary Boring Rotary Drill Rotary Drill Rig

rotary drilling rotary-percussive drilling

rotation row of piles runoff rupture Saddle

safe load

safety factor

Safety Margin

Salt Hay salts sample sampling disturbance

sampling spoon sampling tube sand Sand Brace Sand Cone Sand Content Sand Drains sand drains sand pile saturated soil Saximeter SBC scale scarifier scarp Scope of Work

scour, subsurface erosion

scraper screen Screw Anchor screw pile sea level sea wall

seal seasonal effect Secant Pile Secant Pile Wall secondary compression

Secondary Panel section sedimentary rock sediments seepage

seepage flow segregation

seismic design Seismic Exploration

seismic velocity Seismograph

seismometer self hardening slurry self weight Self-compacting concrete

Self-consolidating concrete

sensitive clay Sensitivity sensor sequence of strata

Set

setting (materials) settlement

settlement analysis settlement curve settlement measurement settlement plate Settlement Point Settlement, Gross

Settlement, Net Set-up sewer Shackle shaft shaft diameter Shaft grouting

Shaft Resistance

Shaft Resistance, Negative Shaft Resistance, Positive shale shallow cut shallow foundation shear force shear stress shear test shearing strength, shear Sheave Head Assembly Sheet Pile

sheet pile bulkhead

sheet pile cut-off sheet pile wall sheeting

Shell

Shelling Up Shield Shipworm Shoe Plates

Shook Out Shop Drawing shoring shotcrete

Shoulder Pipe shovel shrinkage Side Batter Side Channels

side friction Side Guides Sieve

sieve analysis

Sight-Feed Lubricator

Silent Sheet Pile silica silt

siltation Single-Acting Diesel Hammer Single-Acting Hammer site Site Conditions

site investigation

Skew Batter Skid Rig

skin friction

Skin Friction, Negative Skin Friction, Positive Skirt, Hammer

slab Slaking slate Sleeve, Pipe, Inside

Sleeve, Pipe, Outside slickenside slide Slide Pile

Slinging Hole slip Slip Layer

slip surface slope slope failure

Slope Indicator Tube

slope protection slot Slow Test SLS Sludge Slump, Slump Test

slurry

Slurry Displacement Method

Slurry Specialist

Slurry Trench

slurry trench wall

slurry wall

Soak-sensitive Soil

Socket Socketed Pier or Pile soft soil Soil

Soil Anchor

Soil Boring Soil Boring Log soil cement soil characteristics Soil Damping Soil Damping Parameter

Soil Engineer soil exploration Soil Fill Soil Investigation

soil mechanics Soil Mixing soil moisture Soil Nail Soil Nail Wall

Soil Nailing soil particle Soil Plug soil profile Soil Resistance to Driving (SRD) Soil Resistance to Vibratory Driving (SRVD)

Soil Sampler Soil Screw

soil stabilization

Soldier Beam and Tremie Concrete Panel soldier beams

soldier beams and lagging

Soldier Pile

Solid Density sonic coring

Sonic Driver

Sonic logging sonic test

sounding

spacer spacing span specific gravity specification

specimen Spider Spile Spiral Weld Pipe Splice Spliced Pile split spoon

Spoil Spoon Blows spoon sample Spotter spread footing/foundation

Spreader Bars spring Spring Fender SPT Spud

Spud Clip Spud Lead

Spudding Spun Pile Spur Dike Spur Pile Stabbing Points, Leads stability Stabilizing Fluid stable suspension stage construction Staking Out stanchion

Standard Penetration Test standards standpipe

static load test static loading test Static pile load test

static pile test Statnamic Testing

Staylathing

steam hammer Steam Lead steel Steel H-Pile steel pile Steel Pipe Pile Step-Tapered Pile

Stiffeners, Web

stiff-fissured clay stiffness Stinger stirrups stone Stone Columns

Stop End Joint Stope Stoppers

strain

strain gauge, -- gage

Strapping stratum strength stress stress concentration stress distribution Stress, Effective

Stressing Length stress-stain curve

Strike Striker Plate String Line Stringer strip foundation Stroke structural damage structure Strut

strut subgrade submerged unit weight subsidence subsoil subsoil exploration

subsurface Sub-surface Setttlement Point suction suitability test sump

Sump Pump support

supporting fluid surcharge Surcharge Force (Fo) surface force Surface Settlement Point surface wave survey Surveyor

suspension Swage Pile

Swinging Leads Swivel Leads system test T.A.M. Tack

Tangent Pile Wall

tank (container) Taper Pile (steel) TaperTube Piles

Tapette Taywood Sheet Pile DriverExtractor Telescope Lead

Telltale

temperature temporary anchor Temporary Wall tendon

tendon bond length

tendon free length Tenon tensile force tensile strength tensile stress tension Tension Capacity tension crack

Tension Pile tension pile tension steel Teredo Termination Criterion

terrace deposits test Test Borings test load Test Loading test micropile

test pile

Test Pit

test procedure testing machine Texas Quick Load Pile Test texture

Theoretical Power (Pt) theory thermal properties

Thin Wall Shell Pile thin wall tube sampler

thixotropy Thread Throttle Valve

tides tie-back

Tieback Trumpet

Tiedown tie-rod tight

till

Tilt Meter

tiltmeter timber pile

time-settlement curve

tip of the pile

Toe Toe Elevation toe failure Toe Grouting

Toe Resistance Tolerance Top Block Top Head Top Man Top Plate top soil Top-down Method

Torque Torque Correlation

torsion Total Stress Analysis TPT Pile

Training Wall

transducer Transferred energy transition zone Tremie

tremie concrete

Tremie Pipe Tremie Plug

trench Trench Cutter Trepan Trestle

trial micropile

trial pile Triangular Lead triangular load distribution

triaxial apparatus triaxial cell

triaxial compression test

Tricone

Trip

Truss Leads

TTI Program

Tube Pile tube--manchettes

two-way slab U Lead UBC ULS

ultimate bearing resistance

Ultimate Bearing Value of Pile Ultimate Bearing Value of Pile Foundation Ultimate Limit States Design ultimate load

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV)

Unbalanced Force (Fv) Uncased Concrete Pile unconfined compression strength

unconsolidated-undrained test (quick test)

Under the Roof method underdrain underground underpinning

Under-Ream underreamed pile

underseepage underwater Underwater Driving

undisturbed sample undrained shear strength

uniaxial compression

unified soil classification

uniformity coefficient

uniformly graded soil

unit weight

Updown Method

uplift Uplift Capacity

uplift piles uplift pressure USDOT vacuum vane apparatus Vane Shear Test

varved clay Vertical Earth Boring Machine Vertical Travel Leads vibrating extensometers Vibrating wire strain gauge

vibration Vibratory Driver/Extractors

Vibratory Hammer vibratory pile driving Vibro-compaction

Vibro-driveability (Vp)

vibroflotation

virgin compression curve

viscosity

visual inspection void void ratio

volcano volume volume change

Wakefield Pile

wale

wall friction Wall Thickness Wash Boring

wash water washboring

water content

Water Jet Water Table water table fluctuation

Water to Cementitious Materials Ratio water-bearing water-cement ratio

waterlevel watertight Watertight Wall

wave Wave Equation

wave length Wave Speed Wave Trace wave velocity Ways weak soil WEAP

weathering

wedge wedging weephole weight loss well well casing well point

well screen wet-processed method

WFEO

Wharf wharf structures Wick Drain

Wide Flange Wings WMM -Wet Mixing Method or WSMM -Wet Soil Mixing Method wood wood pile wood preservates workability

working level Working Load working micropile working pile x-rays yield

yield point yield stress Young's modulus zero point zinc

zone of capillary saturation zone of plastic flow of soil

zone of seepage zone of swelling

DEFINITION Abbreviation for Architect/Engineer or vice versa. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. American Concrete Institute. See Augered, Cast-in-Place Pile

Structural steel fabrication or iron casting placed in a pile helmet to adjust to a different type or size of pile. Also called filler or insert. The adhesion of soil to a foundation unit resulting from the freezing of soil water. Also referred to as "frost grip."

The nearest piles to a given pile or location

The International Association of Foundation Drilling - Formerly the Association of Drilled Shaft Contractors Water bound to soil particles because of the attraction between electrical charges existing on soil particle surface and (dipole) water molecules. Trade name for a tapered steel unit for connecting pipe piles by driven friction. Soil mainly composed of silt-sized particles of wind blown deposits. See also Loess, which is aeolian soil. ASEAN Federation of Engineering Organisations. Engineering Organization consisted of ten national professional engineering organisation from ten ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries 1. A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane base and used to position or batter leads in or out, left or right. Can be mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically operated; it is used with either fixed leads or semifixed leads. Also called Bottom Brace, A-Frame, Spotter, Spreader Bar, Spider, Kicker, Stinger, Strut, Apron. 2. A structural member used in bracing. See sketches in DFI Glossary of Terms Appendix B. Colloquial term for driving a pile at an angle from the vertical where the bottom of the pile is inclined toward the crane. Same as Negative Batter. See also Inclined Pile American General Contractors Association

The ports on a diesel hammer which serve as both air intake and air exhaust ports. Impact pile driver powered by compressed air or steam; action of machine may be single, double, differential or compound. Device for lifting slurry, suspended solids and drill cuttings from the bottom of a bentonite or polymer slurry-filled excavation for a trench, coffer dam cell or drilled shaft. Usually, compressed air is introduced into the slurry at the bottom of the excavation via a small pipe inside a larger pipe. The upward airflow inside the larger pipe reduces slurry density. The higher density of the surrounding slurry causes an upward flow inside the larger pipe that tends to lift material from the bottom of the excavation. Device use to control internal pressure of Pneumatic caissons. The ports on a diesel hammer which serve as air intake and exhaust ports.

The maximum load permitted, considering structural strength, bearing capacity, horizontal movement, code requirements, or measured settlement in a load test. A sedimentary soil deposit that has been transported by water. Mechanical device used to transfer load (tension or compression) from a superstructure to supporting soil/rock

1. Piles driven behind retaining walls, and beyond the area where soil may slip, to which a retaining wall's tie-back rods or cables are attached . See also Deadman. 2. Piles constructed near test pile to anchor jacking beam (See also Reaction Pile).

A part fitted to the sides of a pile hammer which engage the rails of a set of leads to hold the hammer in the leads. Also called Side Guides, Angle Iron Guides, Grooves, Gibs, Jaws, Ways. Value used in soil analysis approximately equal to the angle formed by a naturally occurring pile of cohesionless soil.

An irregular response or unexpected signals detected by non-destructive testing. 1. The part of a pile hammer seated directly under the ram which transmits the blow of the ram to the pile or to the drive cap (also called Impact Block). 2. Steel plate on top of cushion material in drive cap which impact block strikes. Also called Anvil Block, Penny, Striker Plate or Top Plate. See Sketches in Appendix A. American Petroleum Institute.

A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane base and used to position or incline leads in or out, left or right. Can be mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically operated; it is used with either fixed leads or semifixed leads. Also called Bottom Brace, A-Frame, Spotter, Spreader Bar, Spider, Kicker, Stinger, Strut, Apron. 2. A structural member used in bracing.

A soil layer that carrries water. The amount by which water pressure in an aquifer that causes water to rise above the normal groundwater table or the ground surface.

Subsurface water with sufficient pressure (head) to raise the water in a well or pipe above the normal groundwater table or ground surface. American Society of Civil Engineers. American Society of Foundation Engineers. American Society for Testing and Materials.

A type of fuel atomization used in a diesel hammer in which the raw fuel injected and trapped between the ram and the anvil is atomized by impact of the ram on the impact block. The hammer normally will have a time delay between impact and combustion. A type of diesel fuel atomization used in a diesel hammer in which the fuel is atomized by an injector. Combustion will normally occur prior to impact.

The liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index for soil. The water content where the soil behavior changes from the semi-liquid to the plastic state is the liquid limit and from the plastic to the semi-solid state is the plastic limit. Plasticity index is the numerical difference between liquid limit and plastic limit and is the range of water content within which the soil behaves as a plastic. For test method, see ASTM D4318. 1. A helically shaped corkscrew-like tool with a power driving head on top and a cutting head on the bottom, designed to bore holes in the earth by drilling, either with or without the supplementary use of water. 2. A hand operated soil sampler.

Sections of a continous flight auger "quick-coupled" together to form a continous auger. See Continous Flight Auger The point at which auger advance ceases, or slows to a predetermined rate due to the strength of the soil or rock being drilled. A proprietary name for an augered, cast-in-place (ACIP) pile ACIP piles are constructed by rotating a continuous-flight, hollow-stem auger into the ground to the specified bearing depth, or until the refusal criteria are reached. Fluid grout is then pumped, under pressure, through the hollow stem and out of a port on the bit, as the auger is withdrawn in such a way as to exert a positive grout pressure on the soil surrounding the drilled hole. ACIP piles may be referred to by several other names, some of which are proprietary or used by specific contractors. Some common names are auger cast, Auger Pressure Grouted (APG), continuous flight auger (CFA), Augerpile, augered grout injected, augered uncased, and uncased cast-inplace.

Electronic device to automatically record augered, cast-in-place pile installation data during drilling and grouting. American Wood Preservers' Association - Primary standards writing body for pressure treatment of wood, including pressure-treated timber piling. American Wood Preservers Institute provides technical assistance and use specifications. American Wood Preservers Bureau is concerned with quality control of pressure treated wood. American Welding Society. Soil material placed into a space that has been excavated, such as against structures and in pipe trenches, and in foundations.

Steel ring placed on inside of pipe to back-up a butt or bevel weld. Also called Chill Ring.

Wrapping timber piles with high-tensile steel bands to prevent splitting while driving. Also called Strapping. Cast-in-place concrete foundation element that may be reinforced, which is constructed in various plan configurations (I, H, L, X shapes) and intended to primarily carry vertical loads. Also called load-bearing element. See Bottom Heave

Colloquial term for a pile installed on an incline. See Inclined Pile The maximum load a pile can sustain by soil/rock resistance at the bottom of the pile. For shallow foundations, it is the capacity of the soil/rock to carry load without excessive deformation. A supporting pile for a structure that can be of wood, concrete or steel in any number of shapes and whose bearing is reached by toe or end bearing, friction, or friction and compaction, or a combination. See End Bearing Pile

The maximum pressure that may be safely applied to a soil or rock by the foundation unit considered in design under expected loading and subsurface conditions. The pressure applied to a soil or rock by a foundation unit; it is equal to or smaller than the allowable bearing pressure. The contact surface between a foundation unit and the soil or rock upon which it bears. A wall that supports vertical load, as floors or roof. Solid rock as distinguished from boulders or layers.

Enlargement of the lower end of an augered or drilled pile, shaft or caisson to increase its bearing area. Also called Under-ream. An area enlarged around a soil anchor for added grout and resistance. A large-diameter drilled shaft with an enlarged base. See also Caisson

Sodium montmorillonite, a mineral clay. A highly compressible colloidal clay which, when introduced into certain soils, reduces their permeability. 1. Introduced in pellet form and tamped into place to restrict water seepage. 2. Suspended in water to form a slurry, Bentonite Slurry, helps to prevent earth from falling into an augered hole or excavated trench. 3. Provides viscosity to suspend cuttings and helps seal walls of borings. Sloping surface of soil providing lateral support to wall. Butt weld where pieces to be joined have one or both edges beveled, because material is too thick for electrode to penetrate for a required weld.

One form of segregation in concrete. A process that occurs in plastic-state concrete after placing - Bleeding involves rising up of excess water in the concrete mix to the top surface of the concrete. Excessive bleeding can cause high permeability and hig The creosote, as on a pile surface, that resembles fresh paint which has been poured rather than brushed. On hot days creosote will "bleed" out of the pile.

Device to form a recess or apperture in a poured concrete wall. 1. The observed blows of the pile hammer per increment of pile penetration. 2. Blows on soil sampler in standard penetration test. See also N Value, and Penetration Resistance. The person who monitors the number of the hammer blows for each increment of pile advance. A method of removal of the soil(s) from the interior of open-ended piles. See also "Airlift" Upward movement of soil material in the base of a cofferdam or excavation because of groundwater pressure; normally associated with insufficient toe penetration of sheeting. Also called Blowout, Boiling, Piping. Soft, wet land underlain by decayed moss and vegetable matter and covered with grass and vegetation. See Blowing - Upward movement of soil material in the base of a cofferdam or excavation because of groundwater pressure; normally associated with insufficient toe penetration of sheeting. Also called Blowout, Blowing, Piping.

A post on a dock to take a ship's mooring lines. Adhesion of concrete to reinforcing steel. Length of a tieback, tiedown or a minipile that transmits the applied load to the surrounding soil or rock.

An African hard wood utilized as a hammer cushion. Often used on offshore hammers. See Drive Cap

A deep foundation that is constructed by methods other than driving. Also known as a pile, drilled shaft, caisson, or cast-in-drilled-hole (CIDH) pile.

1. A hole in the earth produced by various methods. 2. The method of exploring subsurface conditions by drilling or otherwise advancing a cased or uncased hole into the earth. Frequently, soil or rock samples are extracted from the boring for classifica Soil or rock material obtained from off site for use as fill on a construction project. 1. A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane base and used to position or incline leads in or out, left or right. Can be mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically operated; it is used with either fixed leads o Upward movement of soil in the base of a large excavation. A rock with a diameter that is greater than 200 mm (International Standard) or 300 mm (ASTM D422)

The pressure in the air compressed by the upward moving piston of a closed-end double acting diesel pile hammer. Lead which is configured in the shape of a "U" with guiding rails for hammer in open portion of the "U." Also called Steam Lead, "U" Lead. See sketches, Appendix B. A pile made from two deep-arch sheet piles, channels or other structural steel shapes, welded along their contact lines. The box pile may be driven open or closed ended and filled with concrete or left empty. Former designation for H-pile; now called HP.

1. A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane's rotating upper housing, and used to position or incline the leads in or out, left or right. Can be mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically operated; it is used An inclined pile connected to a structure in such a way as to resist lateral forces.

A system of horizontal and/or inclined structural members fastened to the piles of a bent, group or row to increase stability by resisting or distributing lateral forces to the structure. Bracing is used extensively in trenches and sheet-pile cofferdams A vertical steel pile with a horizontal steel beam welded near the top of the pile. These piles are typically used in underpinning applications. A wall built against a bank of earth or rock to prevent it from falling. See also Rip Rap - Large pieces of hard rock placed on a slope to minimize wave wash and erosion. The separation of fibers at the butt or tip of a wood pile caused generally by excessive or improper driving, or timber of unsuitable quality. Can be controlled through the use of a pile banding ring, driving cap with cushion blocks and a metal shoe for Trade name for a concrete pile precast with short pieces of pipe at ends for adding lengths with a tapered drive splicer.

Guide and regulations for design and construction of buildings and their supports. See Settlement Point

A work constucted along a shore line of loose mounds or heaps of rubble, or masonry walls supplemented with treated timber, steel of reinforced concrete sheet piling driven int the beach and strengthened by wales and guide and brace piles. Intended as a

An inorganic silt of slight plasticity; quakes like jelly when subjected to vibration.

Trade name for a precast concrete tip about 17 in. diameter driven with a 14 in. heavy wall pipe. For a cased pile a corrugated shell is lowered and fastened to the base and the pipe withdrawn. For an uncased pile concrete is forced out the bottom as th

Welding two adjoining corresponding surfaces by setting them in a common place in exact position to each other while assuring that their common axis is in a straight line. See also Bevel Butt Weld 1. Reinforcing bars preassembled for quick placing in a pile or excavated slurry-wall trench. 2. See Hairpin Lead - A structure in which a pile hammer is mounted to adapt it to box leads with rails spaced wider than the hammer width.Offshore Leads - A pi Compressed Air and Gas Institute Originally a large structural chamber utilized to keep soil and water from entering into a deep excavation or construction area. Caissons may be prefabricated and installed by being sunk in place by adding weight and by systematically excaving below the A gravity hammer which is mounted on top of a caisson and which contains a cushioning system and a rudimentary lead. Also called Tapette. See Caisson Steel ingots or concrete blocks used to help sink a caisson. Also used as reaction weights for test loading - load-test weights. See also Kentledge

Indicating that a pile has reached specified penetration and/or blow count that the pile is "home." See Offshore Lead - A pile hammer lead which has an upper section wherein the hammer is contained and a lower section which closely fits about and guides the pile. The hammer is supported and aligned by the pile after engagement. The pile is usually sup The opposite of its name - a wood handled tool with a hinged hook near the bottom for turning piles or timbers. See also Peavy.

Used with deteriorated pile bents, usually timber; existing piles are cut off at good material, a cap placed across them and support built up to the structure. Steel accessory placed over a pile to prevent damage from driving. It is suspended beneath a hammer by cables; it contains a well or recess on top for cushion material and for seating the anvil, if used. The bottom is formed to accept a specific shape p Blocks, stack or coils of material such as wood, plastic, compressed paper, aluminum, rope, etc. which are placed in drive cap under a pile hammer to receive and absorb a portion of the impact blow. See also Cap Material, Cushion Blocks, and Dolly. The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized by a foundation unit. See resistance, ultimate A factor used to modify (reduce) the calculated, factored bearing-capacity of a foundation unit. The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized by a loaded foundation unit, e.g., a footing, or a pile. (The structural capacity of a foundation unit is the ultimate resistance of the unit itself as based on the strength of the building materials.) See capacity, bearing The maximum or ultimate resistance mobilized by a foundation unit subjected to loading perpendicular to the axis of the shaft. The maximum or ultimate strength of the foundation unit. The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized by a foundation unit subjected to tension (upward) loading. Obsolete term. See "Hammer cushion." Movement of groundwater that occurs through very small voids or channels in soil due to capillary tension. Title of a computer wave equation program derived from "CAse Pile Wave Analysis Program." The software utilizes a signal matching technique in which the measurements from a Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) and theoretical results generated by the software are

A method that calculates static soil resistance (static ultimate pile capacity) from data recorded by a Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) and estimated soil damping properties. See also "CAPWAP"

1. An open-end steel pipe installed by drilling, driving or vibrating to support the sides of a hole. 2. A pipe temporarily dropped or driven into an augered hole to prevent caving.

The blows, usually of a 300 pound hammer falling 18 in. onto a soil sampler casing while making a soil boring. A device used to slightly twist the casing back and forth around its longitudinal axis as the casing is being drilled into the ground. A casing twister is occasionally used in drilled pile applications. An open-end steel pipe installed by drilling, driving or vibrating to support the sides of a hole. 2. A pipe temporarily dropped or driven into an augered hole to prevent caving.

A concrete pile poured (either with or without a metal casing) in its permanent location in the ground. Also called Insitu Pile, or Caisson. A rotating power driven spool or winch head. Used to lift a drop-hammer weight (140 lb or more) to drive a casing or soil sampling tool and for soil penetration tests. The weight is usually raised by wrapping a rope around the continuously-rotating cat h A wooden float with sides, for carrying wood piles to a floating driver. A means of protecting steel piles from corrosion by providing a consumable (sacrificial) anode or by applying an external electrical potential. Trade name for a thin-wall shell pipe driven with a mandrel striking on the point. Cubic centimeter. Metric unit of volume. A structure of interlocking steel sheet piling to make a self-sustaining cofferdam with separate inside and outside walls. See also Circular-Type Cellular Cofferdam and Diaphragm-Type Cellular Cofferdam. Low strength mixture of cement, bentonite and water, which hardens with time. High strength mixture of cement and water, which hardens with time.

Devices designed to keep reinforcing steel centralized in a shaft as concrete is placed. Typically fabricated from steel bars, precast concrete blocks, or plastic mouldings. In model pile testing a device to approximate gravity-induced horizontal stresses to compensate for scale. Cubic feet per minute. Canadian Geotechnical Society. A trade name for a structural connector for splicing H-piles.

A fluid chemical compound injected into soil or rock to improve its loadcarrying capacity or decrease its permeability.

Also called "hand dug caisson." See "Caisson" Steel ring placed on inside of pipe to back-up a butt or bevel weld. Also called a Back-Up-Ring Heavy steel tool used to soften or fracture rock or obstructions A member, usually of timber, used as a separator between piles or timbers.

A pile hammer lead which has an upper section wherein the hammer is contained and a lower section which closely fits about and guides the pile. The hammer is supported and aligned by the pile after engagement. See also Off-shore Lead A method of drilling through difficult overburden or rock employing heavy percussion by a star-shaped cutting bit or chisel. Construction Industry Manufacturers Association A structure constructed of interlocking steel-sheet piling consisting of circular cells joined with connecting arcs. The arcs are installed after the cells are completed; the cells and arcs are filled with granular soils.. See DiaphragmType Cofferdam In the direct circulation method, drilling fluid is pumped down a hollow drill pipe, around the drill bit, and back to the surface in the annular space around the drill pipe and the cuttings are carried to the surface by the flow. In the reverse circulat Excavation bucket operated by cables or hydraulic rams. A soil material with a cohesive strength that increases or decreases with changes in moisture. The permiability of clay is very low. It is difficult to compact when wet, and impossible to drain by ordinary means. A percussion boring tool used in clay soils. Also called clean-out bucket. A specially designed drilling bucket to clean the base of wet-processed bored piles or drilled shafts A piece of timber nailed to each corner of a timber sheeted pit to hold the adjoining timber boards.

Specification which describes the end product and how it is to be achieved. Usually used for permanent walls

Soil types that have particles large enough to be seen without visual assistance. The coarse-grained materials include the sand and gravel (or larger) soil particles. A rock fragment of 3 to 12 inches in size, usually rounded by weathering and abrasion. A proprietary, segmented steel mandrel designed to be pneumatically expanded inside of a thin, round, corrugated metal shell to hold it while driving.

Nondimensional coefficient of cushion materials which accounts for the energy absorbing characteristics of the material. The value of "e" lies between 1 and 0. A structure which is built to exclude earth and water from an area in order that work may be performed there under reasonably dry conditions. A cofferdam does not have to be entirely watertight to be successful. It may be cheaper to permit some flow into The bonding or attraction between particles of fine-grained soil that enhances shear strength and is independent of effective pressure. A soil, sand, that when unconfined has little or no strength when air-dried and that has little or no cohesion when submerged.

Discontinuity in concrete caused by a disruption or delay in the placement of the concrete. A soil that has been formed by movement of soil from its original place by gravity.

The time between impact and combustion in an impact atomization diesel pile hammer.

A cast-in-place pile formed with an enlarged base. Dry concrete in the base is placed in small batches, which are compacted by heavy blows while plastic. See Enlarged Base-1. A pile base reamed out or enlarged by driving out successive charges of dry co

The process of increasing the density or unit weight of a soil by preloading, rolling, tamping, vibrating, or other mechanical means. Ground improvement method in which loose soils are densified by the injection of low-slump grout at high pressure.

A pile made up of two or more types or sizes of piles joined together. The connection between the components is designed to transmit load and to prevent separation during and after construction. See also Spliced Pile - A pile composed of two or more segm Colloquial term for the preferred "Compound Inclination Pile". Inclined pile driven at an angle in two directions from the main direction of the piles. Also "Skew Inclination"

Pile hammer leads designed to withstand compressive forces from pile extraction operation (i.e., as used in pulling sand drains or mandrels). pile to resist compression forces Distance traveled by diesel hammer ram compressing cylinder gas. Measured from bottom of air intake port to point of impact.

A computer program used to solve the wave equation as applied to pile driving and specifically to attempt to predict the optimum hammer size and pile length to acquire a desired ultimate bearing value of a pile. See also WEAP - Wave Equation Analysis of

Measuring the dry materials for a concrete mix (usually by weight) to control the quality of the mix. Distance from closest reinforcing bar face to the surface of the concrete

See CPT

Panel cast with one end against a previously cast panel. Densification of soil by mechanical means, involving expulsion of water.

A load test technique that involves applying a load to the pile in such a manner that the pile top (head) experiences a constant rate of displacement. The force and displacement are recorded at short intervals, so that a force/displacement curve may be pl

A proprietary means of attaching horizontal timber lagging to the face of steel soldier piles as excavation proceeds. Walls formed by closely-spaced piles installed by augered, cast-in-place method or bored cast-in-place method. Typically used as earth-retaining walls. Also called tangent pile walls. A pneumatic, electric or hydraulic drilling machine to which is connected a string of helical augers and a cutting head, used to bore holes in the earth, into which a pile section or a tieback is set or concrete is cast-in-place. Joint provided in concrete members to control contraction as concrete sets.

A diesel hammer which can be operated either open-end (single-acting) or closed-end (double-acting).

A pile formed by removing earth prior to pile installation.

Continuation of a soil boring into rock; a core may be recovered for examination and testing. See also Dry Sampling - A method of sampling soil by boring a hole in the ground with a sampler or sample spoon attached to the end of the auger. The object i Panel, not linear in plan, used to accomplish change in direction of wall.

Cycles per minute - A measure of frequency. Cone Penetrometer Test; see publications by P.K. Robertson. Piezocone; Cone Penetrometer Test with pore pressure measurements.

A structure which slides on the rails of pile driver leads and carries the hammer forward of the lead rails.

A timber pile impregnated with coal tar creosote to minimize deterioration.

The on-site personnel who will physically install piling on a project, including the crane crew, as applicable. Also call Dockbuilders, Bridgemen or Pile Bucks. A structure built of round or square timbers, or reinforced precast concrete members, laid in courses with the pockets filled with riprap or rubble.

Top section of a fixed, semi-fixed or extended pile driver lead with sheaves for carrying lines holding pile and hammer over top of leads. See Appendix B. Also call Head Block, Sheave Head Assembly, or Top Head. A down-hole quality assurance test in which the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) through the foundation material is measured at closely spaced intervals over the full depth of the foundation to assess uniformity. Requires access tubes or boreholes over the 1. The downward thrust of Kelly bar or auger caused by mechanical reaction against the weight of the boring rig. It is used when boring becomes difficult in hard soil formations. 2. Lateral thrust to hold a pile in position when it tends to drift. See Constant Rate of Penetration A barrette having a shape of a cross (Illustration in appendix B). See also Barrette.

See Crosshole Sonic Logging. A tapered or step-tapered pile.

A non-load bearing wall constructed underground to impede the flow of water as: 1. Under stream beds in arid regions to extend to the surface to form a reservoir; 2. Under earth dams to prevent underscour; 4. Under earth or concrete levees. May be made o Cushion placed between drive cap and top of concrete pile to protect pile from crushing and spalling. Also called Pile Cushion, Pad. Blocks, stack or coils of material such as wood, plastic, compressed paper, aluminum, rope, etc. which are placed in drive cap under a pile hammer to receive and absorb a portion of the impact blow. Same as Cap Material, Dolly. The material placed on a pile head to cushion the impact of the driving hammer.

The excess portion of a pile above cut-off elevation. The elevation of the top of the pile as shown on the contract drawing. A structure constructed, underground, to impede the flow of water as: 1. Under stream beds in arid regions to extend to the surface to form a reservoir; 2. Under earth dams to prevent trickles from developing into dangerous channels; 3. Under concrete dam

Additional metal placed as an inside or outside cast steel ring or welded plate at the bottom of an open-end pile or caisson to strengthen the tip. Centrifugal device used to remove fine soil particles suspended in bentonite slurry. 1. The point at which the cylinder of a double-acting air or diesel pile hammer begins to lift or "float." 2. The point at which the force of fluid in the hammer overcomes the weight of the hammer casing or cylinder. A structure constructed to obstruct the flow or impound water.

A coefficient that is determined as the ratio of a force to velocity. In dynamic testing of piles, the damping factors are the following types: (1) Smith Damping factor (presented by E.A. Smith, 1960) is defined as the ratio of a force to a velocity. (2) Incision or notch cut in timber into which the head of a pile or other timber is fitted.

1. Piles driven behind retaining walls, and beyond the area where soil may slip, to which a retaining wall's tie-back rods or cables are attached. 2: Piles driven near test pile to anchor jacking beam (Also called Reaction Pile or Anchor Pile).

Removal of a load in steps at completion of test loading. A foundation unit that provides support for the structure by transferring loads either by end-bearing to soil or rock at considerable depth below the structure or by side friction in the soil or rock in which it is placed. Piles are the most common type Ground improvement method in which a cement based slurry is injected and mixed with the weak soils to increase the strength of such soils

The weight or mass per unit of volume. In reference to soil, the term usually indicates weight per unit volume and is synonymous with unit weight The span between the loosest void ratio and the actual void ratio divided by the span between the loosest and densest void ratios.

Distance from the ground surface to the depth at which a pile is held firmly by the soil.

Device used to remove sand and silt particles suspended in bentonite slurry Equipment used to filter and/or remove suspended solids from bentonite slurry prior to its reuse. Drying of soils.

Drawing prepared to show intent of the work. Drawing is not sufficiently detailed to be used for construction. The professional organization responsible for the design, plans and specifications to fulfill the scope of work to be performed to successfully complete the design of a project. The firm may also monitor and observe the construction of the project. See The load designed for a pile; also Service load. Must be smaller than the allowable load.

Variation from the designated plan location or elevation. 1. The procedure utilized to remove water from a construction area such as pumping from an excavation or location where water covers the planned working surface. 2. The procedure used to lower the groundwater table in order to obtain a "dry" area in the Deep Foundations Institute

A watertight concrete cut-off wall or a combination concrete structural cut-off wall tremie poured in an excavated and fluid (bentonite slurry) filled trench. See also Slurry Structural Wall, and Cutoff Wall A structure made of steel sheet piles with each of the inner and outer walls consisting of a series of arc segments, which are connected at their intersections with diaphragms that extend through the cofferdam to form a series of cells. The cells are fil A pile hammer, which carries its own diesel fuel to generate power internally.

A diesel pile hammer in which the upward flight of the ram is arrested by compressing air, above the ram to form an "air spring." Also called Double Acting Diesel Hammer. A diesel pile hammer in which the upward flight of the ram is arrested by gravity. Also called Single-Acting Diesel Hammer. Title of a proprietary computer program for solving wave equations for diesel hammers. Undesirable precombustion of the fuel in a diesel pile hammer (usually due to overheating or improper fuel). Also called Prefiring, Preignition.

A fluid -powered hammer in which fluid lifts the ram on the up stroke and is exhausted into and combined with additional fluid entering over the piston to take advantage of differential piston areas to accelerate the ram and to act in concert with gravity An impervious barrier to control movement of water. Angle of inclination a fault stratum makes with the horizontal plane. See also Strike -The direction of a geologic boundary exposed at the ground surface relative to North. A counter-flow method of circulating drilling fluid and spoil in a drill hole. In the direct circulation method drilling fluid is pumped down a hollow drill pipe, around the drill bit, and back to the surface in the annular space. See also Reverse Circul Hollow stem chisel with provision for introducing bentonite slurry under pressure at the head of the drill in order to remove drill cuttings.

Should actually be "Free-hanging (double) displacement amplitude". See illustration #13.

A solid pile, or hollow pile, driven with the lower end closed, which displaces an equivalent soil volume by compaction or by lateral or vertical displacement of the soil, such as timber, closed-end pipe or precast concrete piles. A Franki Pile.

A sample of soil taken without effectively minimizing disturbance of the soil mass.

A Deep Soil Mixing Method (or DSMM) in which powdered reagent is pneumatically delivered into the ground by using compressed air in order to mix it with in situ soils forming thus a soil reagent column. The chemical reaction of the soil and stabilising re A soil modification technique in which the soil can be stabilised either by forming columns of stabilised soils (soil stabilisation) or by stabilising the entire soil volume (mass stabilisation) by means of a mixture in situ with cementitious (cement, lim The on-site personnel who will physically install piling on a project, including the crane crew, as applicable. Also called Bridgemen, Pile Bucks, or Pile Crew. A pile curved or bent during driving. Block, stack or coils of material such as wood, plastic, compressed paper, aluminum, rope, etc. which are placed in drive cap under a pile hammer to receive and absorb a portion of the impact blow. Also called Cap Material, Pile Cushion. 1. A cluster of piles driven and bound together at the top to protect bridge piers and docks from heavy marine traffic. 2. A marine structure founded on piles used to moor, anchor, breast or turn a vessel. 3. A large diameter pile or casing to accompl An empty closed-end tubular section, driven into the ground within operating radius of a pile rig. Corrugated shell is lowered into the hole to facilitate inserting a mandrel, thereby allowing the use of shorter leads or longer lengths of shell. The she Two sheet piles, interlocked and tack welded then handled together for installation and pulling.

See Diesel Hammer. A pile hammer in which fluid lifts the ram on the up stroke and additional fluid, redirected by valving, acts in concert with gravity on the down stroke. Reinforcing steel bar projecting from the top or face of the wall intended for connection of additional reinforcement or concrete at a later time. A percussion hammer that is lowered down a cased pile hole to break up rock below the casing tip to form a rock socket. The transfer of load (dragload) to a deep foundation unit by means of negative skin friction, when soil settles in relation to the unit.

The load transferred to a deep foundation unit by negative skin friction, occurring when the soil settles in relation to the foundation unit.

Space provided between wall and interior finish wall for collection of seepage from a slurry wall or structural support. The lowering of the level of the groundwater table that occurs as a work area is dewatered for construction. Also lowering water behind a dam.

Excavating underwater, usually with floating equipment; it may be an elevator ladder, hydraulic suction, grapple, grab or dipper bucket, scraper, dragline, clam shell or backhoe. A deposit of loose detrital materials, fragments of rocks, boulders, sand, gravel, clay or other soils driven together by ice, wind or water. See also Glacial Till - Materal deposited by glaciation, usuallly a wide range of particle sizes, not subjected

1. A metal rod driven into a hole bored in timber, the hole having a smaller diameter than the rod; usual purpose is to hold two or more timbers together. 2. In steel erection a tapered "drift pin" is used to align holes at connections. A sheeted pit excavated laterally from within a main pit.

A larger diameter, up to 10 ft or more, opening excavated to bearing strata and filled with concrete - either cased or uncased. See Drilled Shaft Concrete pile cast-in-place in an augered hole, which may be belled at the bottom. Suitable where soil is dry and hole will stand open. Also called Drilled Pier, Drilled Pile, Bored Pile. An open-end pipe driven to rock, cleaned out and a socket drilled into rock to receive a steel core (H,WF or bars) then socket and pipe are filled with concrete. Core, concrete and pipe contribute to high load carrying capacity.

Height of fall of a drop hammer weight (140 lb or more) to drive a casing or soil sampling tool. The weight is usually raised by wrapping a rope around a powered continuously rotating spool or "cathead." The weight is raised by holding the rope taut th A closed rotary boring tool with its cutting edge at its base. Spoil is removed from the bucket by swinging it to one side of the bore and releasing the hinged bottom of the bucket.

Steel accessory placed over a pile to prevent damage from driving. See illustrations #1, 2, & 3. A cast or fabricated steel shoe which may be pointed and is fixed to the pile shaft at the tip for easier driving, improved penetration, protection against damage in dense material or boulders and improved bearing at the tip. Also called Driving Point, P steel tube used to displace the ground during the formation of a driven cast in place pile. Drive tube is withdrawn during concreting A steel collar used for splicing pipe piles. The "drive-fit" simply means that both pieces of pipe fit inside the collar and after the first blow of the hammer, the fit is tight due to the taper of the inside of the collar. Does not normally require wel pile which is forced into the soil by driving, the soil being displaced by the pile or drive tube method to bring the piles into the ground to the required depth, such as hammering, vibrating, pressing, screwing or by a combination of these or other methods The theoretical driving force delivered to the pile. Also known as "rated driving force". See illustration #10 1. Requirement for resistance of a pile to penetration, stated in blows per increment of depth. 2. Required tip elevation of pile. See also Refusal-The condition reached when a pile or soil sampler being driven by a hammer has negligible penetration pe See Dynamic Formula. Driving frequency is usually given in (Hz), is the number of revolutions per second of the eccentric masses (within the vibratory Driver).See illustration #8 See Drive Cap Field Record of each driven pile including location number, hammer model, pile type, blow count per unit of penetration, final resistance, driven length, etc. Also called Log or Pile Log. See Drive Shoe.

A weight configured to slide in pile hammer leads or within a hollow pile which has a formed bale or swivel at its top by which it can be mechanically lifted and dropped to drive pile. Also called a Gravity Hammer.

A method of sampling soil by augering a hole in the ground with a sampler or sample spoon attached to the end of the auger. The object is to obtain a complete undisturbed sample of the natural soil for analysis. Also call Core Borings.

A mixture of sand and cement with just enough water to form a ball with compressed by hand. This mixture is generally rammed between foundations and underpinning to form full bearing contact. Excavation or drilling method for bored piles or drilled shaft construction. Borehole is drilled under dry conditions without introducing slurry. Applicable in soil and/or rock where the shaft is to be formed above the groundwater level, or impervious mat

Method of advancing a borehole whereby the drill rods and casing are inserted simultaneously by rotary or rotary-percussive technics. The drill cuttings / slurry return through the annulus between the rods and casing in order to minimize loss of ground. Y-type rigging system, to operate diesel hammer with a single hosting cable of the crane, which supports both the lead and hammer. A device for measuring resistance to penetration of a point, calibrated to indicate approximate load-bearing strength of a pile. Often called Dutch Cone Penetrometer or CPT Pile hammer leads composed of two holes or pipes which are loosely coupled at the boom point and the base and the hammer is guided between the pipes. Ground improvement method in which loose granular soils are densified at depth by the dropping of a heavy weight at ground surface in a planned grid pattern. Force applied to a pile by a rotating eccentric weight vibratory pile driver/extractor.

A mathematical equation which calculates the static load carrying capacity of a pile from the energy per blow of the pile hammer and the observed set of the pile. It includes terms for pile weight to ram-weight ratio, pile rebound, and cushion properties.

The mass that moves/vibrates during pile installation, i.e. weight of excitor block, hydraulic clamp and pile. Usually given in (kg). See illustration #11. The determination of the capacity, impact force, transferred energy, etc. of a driven pile, using analysis of measured stress waves induced by the driving of the pile. The recording of strain and acceleration induced in a pile during driving and presentation of the data in terms of stress and transferred energy in the pile, as well as of estimates of capacity, impact force, hammer rise etc. See Dynamic Pile Monitoring

Rods or cables installed into the adjacent soil mass or rock. Portion beyond zone of active pressure is pressure grouted to hold a soldier pile or similar walled excavation. The anchors may be installed horizontally or at a slope. See Appendix C. 1. A helically shaped corkscrew-like tool with a power driving head on top and cutting head on the bottom designed to bore holes in the earth by drilling, either with or without the supplementary use of water. 2. A hand operated soil sampler. Normally used in reference to the lateral pressure or force imposed by a soil mass against an earth-supporting structure such as a retaining wall or basement wall, or on a fictitious vertical plane located within a soil mass. The coefficient of earth pre Load that does not bear axially on the pile, usually due either to the pile being driven out of plumb or plan location or the actual imposed load condition. Also called "unbalanced moment" and even "static moment". See Illustration #7

Engineering Institute of Canada

Engineering Institute of Thailand Alteration in length of a pile, or structural member due to load (reduction for compression piles, elongation for tension piles). An important factor in evaluating apparent pile movements under test load. Also called Elastic shortening, Elongation.

The vertical location of a point relative to a fixed reference (i.e., sea level plus or minus x).

1. The length of the pile from the surface of the ground or from the cutoff below the ground to the tip of the pile. 2. Extent of penetration of the top into the pile cap.

Protective cover for steel or timber pile. This usually is concrete, added at the water or ground line, where all types of piles are most vulnerable to corrosion and insect attack. Also called Pile Encasement. Support provided by the lower end or toe of a deep foundation. A plate or point attached to the toe of a pipe or shell pile. The static soil resistance at the pile end to loading. Also called Toe Resistance. Round pipe or shaped device placed at the ends of a panel excavation prior to placement of concrete and withdrawn from the excavation after the concrete has set, providing smooth surfaces at the ends of the panel. Device to withdraw end stop after the concrete has achieved initial set. A pile that supports the major portion of the load placed upon it by end or toe bearing on a firm stratum existing at some depth below the ground surface.

The kinetic energy delivered by a hammer ram to the anvil of a pile driving helmet. The nominal energy calculated as the maximum height (stroke) of the hammer ram times the weight of the ram. The energy transferred from the hammer to the pile through the helmet and cushions and measured in dynamic monitoring.

A geologist, who may also have engineering training, specializing in the application of geology to engineering problems.

One of many dynamic formulae for estimating the static load bearing capacity of a driven pile. R = 2E / + 0.1 [Where: E = Energy in ft-lbs; S = Set in inches/blow; R = Allowable pile capacity in pounds with a presumed factor of safety of 6] 1. A pile base reamed out or enlarged by driving out successive charges of dry concrete or gravel from the base of an open-ended driving tube to form a bulb. This has the effect of increasing the bearing area of the pile and compacting the soil. 2. Pre

A two (or more) part resin that, when mixed, produces a high-strength bonding material.

A term applied to a lead in which the hammer is mounted in front of the lead. Also called Mast Lead, Monkey Stick, Truss Lead, Triangular Lead. See Appendix B

A space created by the removal of soil or rock for the purpose of construction.

1. The outlet fluid path of all powered hammers. 2. The combined air inlet and exhaust ports of a diesel pile hammer. See Enlarged Base. A pile with a mechanical device for expanding the bottom to increase bearing capacity or resistance to uplift. This type of soil undergoes volume changes upon wetting and drying, capable of causing damage to buildings and pavements. Expansive soils mostly occur in arid and semiarid areas. Found in large areas of Southwest and Western United States.

The force exerted on a pile by the explosion of the diesel fuel, which is equal to the gas pressure created by the explosion times the area of the cylinder bore. Helical anchorage/foundation component installed immediately following the helical lead section. Extensions consist of a steel shaft of finite length without helix plates. It is installed following the installation of the helical lead section or extensi Geotechnical Instrument used to measure displacement and strains in soil, rock, and cast-in-place bored piles.

Pulling to withdraw previously installed pile from the ground. Usually done with an impact pile extractor or a vibratory pile driver/extractor. A device for pulling piles out of the ground. It may be an inverted steam or air hammer with yoke so equipped as to transmit upward blows to the pile body or a specially built extractor utilizing this principle. Vibratory hammers are especially effectiv The ratio of maximum available resistance or of the capacity to the allowable stress or load. The capacity of a foundation unit, as determined by geotechnical formula using factored soil strength parameters, or, when the capacity is determined in a field-test loading or calculated from penetrometer data, the failure load multiplied by a performanc The load applied to a foundation unit, multiplied by an appropriate load factor (Typically greater than unity, or as specified in the relevant code). Resistance to loading, multiplied by an appropriate resistance factor (Typically less than Unity, or as specified in the appropriate local code.) Shear strength parameter modified (reduced) by resistance factors for cohesion and friction, as used in ultimate limit states design.

1. Movement of the pile foundation or any part thereof, either as vertical settlement or laterally, to such an extent that objectionable damage results to the structure supported by the foundation. 2. Failure of a pile or piles to pass a load test.

1. Temporary piles used to support falsework in construction of cast-in-place concrete bridges or for supporting superstructure units until they are bolted, riveted or welded in place or otherwise self-supporting in the permanent structure. 2. Piles us

A system of temporary piles, temporary walers and bracing, or a prefabricated structure to temporarily support elements of a permanent structure during construction. 1. A long bundle of sticks of wood bound together and used for such purposes as filling ditches and making parapets. 2. Woven willow mattress used along river banks and during river pier construction to minimize scour. A planar fracture in the otherwise continuous rock of the earth's crust. The face of a metal plate, end of timber, etc., that joins another surface so closely as to leave no space between them A protective system built to prevent marine traffic from damaging bridge piers and docks. A horizontal member resting on and framed to the top or side of fender piles. Treated wooden pile and timbers used in a fender system. Note that untreated piles are often used for ferry slips. Also call Guard Pile Piles and/or timbers used as guides adjacent to a bridge opening or dock and along the face of a wharf seawall or other waterfront structures to absorb shock from vessel impact, and so minimize damage to both structure and vessel. Fellow of the Geological Society of London Federal Highway Administration. 1. Soil or other material placed in an excavation or other area to raise the surface elevation or to provide a more stable base. Fill materials are usually selected for low compressibility and good stability, and may include rock, rubble, slag or other d Structural fabrication or casting placed in a driving helmet to adjust to a different type or size of pile. Also called Adaptor or Insert.

A coating of natural soil or bentonite suspension which lines the walls of an excavation, particularly in permeable ground, where bentonite or soil slurry has been used as a stabilizing medium during its construction. Device used to measure the filtration and filter cake development of bentonite slurry. Water loss from bentonite slurry applied under pressure against a filter. The number of blows per inch, foot or other unit length of measure at which the driving of the pile or soil sampling device was stopped. The net penetration a pile moves under one blow or a specified series of blows at the end of driving. (Reciprocal of final blow count) Refers to silt and clay-sized particles which exist in a soil mixture. See also Coarse-Grained Soils.

Steel plates or timbers bolted across a joint to make a splice. 1. A device shaped like a fish tail to better utilize jetting water. 2. A reaming bit used on the end of a flight auger. Slotted plates fastened to the sides of a pile hammer to engage the heads of template supported sheet pile, to keep the hammer centered upon and in vertical alignment with the pile to permit the hammer's operation freehanging. See also Hairpin - A gravi

A Barge-mounted pile driver.

Condition where dispersed clay particles form agglomerates or clumps

A graphical method used to study the hypothetical flow of water through a soil. It is utilized to indicate the paths of travel followed by moving water and the hydraulic pressures resulting from such water flow. Cementitious low strength, self-leveling, low viscosity material used to backfill in areas where it would otherwise be difficult to place and compact normal soil backfill. Compressive strength of material is generally lower than 300 psi to allow for futur The path of travel traced by moving water as it flows through a soil mass.

Steam, air, combustion gases or hydraulic oil used to move the ram of a hammer to drive a pile. Also called Motive Flluid.

An admixture used in augered, cast-in-place pile grout that promotes flowability, reduces water requirements, reduces bleeding and segregation, can increase strength and provides expansion in the plastic state. Is usually specified by quoting ASTM C 937 A hard, fine, pozzolanic residue from coal combustion often used as an admixture in concrete. 1. A pile hammer held by a crane line, without leads and used to drive a supported pile. Also called free-hanging hammer, swinging hammer or wild hammer. 2. Vibratory hammers operate in this manner. See Sketches, Appendix B.

Steel accessory placed over a pile to prevent damage from driving. It contains a well or recess on top for cushion material and for seating the anvil, if used. The bottom is formed to accept a specific shape pile, along with its cushion if used. The out A member interposed between a pile hammer and a pile to transmit blows when the pile head is below the reach of the hammer. Also called a Dolly. The lower end of a driven pile, pile tip. See Footing Type of foundation typically installed at a shallow depth and constructed to provide an area of bearing on the supporting soil or rock. The energy in foot-pounds delivered per blow by the ram of a pile hammer. Colloquial term for inclination of the pile toe away from the pile driver. Also called Positive Batter or Forward Batter. The supervisor of a pile crew.

A system or arrangement of structual members through which the loads from a building are transferred to supporting soil or rock A weldment bracket typically used as part of a Helical Foundation System to stabilize, and sometimes elevate, a structure that has experienced foundation settlement. The bracket is used to connect the foundation of a structure to an installed Helix Screw A relatively long, slender colulmn installed in the ground to generate support from friction along its periphery and/or end bearing on firm material. One of the structural members of the foundation of a building such as a footing, raft, or pile. A unit that provides support for a structure by transferring load or stress to the soil at depth considerably larger than the width of the unit. A pile is the most common type of deep foundation.

A proprietary name for a pile constructed with an expanded base of compacted concrete.

See Flying Hammer See set-up. Stones placed in a trench to form a space for surplus water while it percolates into the soil.

The number of vibrations or oscillations occurring in one second, designated Hertz (Hz).

A pile which derives most or all of its resistance to load by the friction developed between the side surface of the pile and the soils through which it is driven. A pile that achieves support from the combination of side friction and toe (end) bearing. The depth below the surface to which moisture filled soils may freeze. Foundations must be carried to below the frost line to minimize danger of frost heave. Also called Frost Penetration. The phenomenon occurring when water in soil is subjected to freezing and thawing. Freezing, because of the water-ice phase change or ice lens growth, results in a total volume increase and /or the build-up of expansive forces under confined conditions, an Frost heave refers to the vertical soil movement which occurs in freezing temperatures as ice layers or lenses form within the freezing soil and caused the soil mass to expand. See also Frost Action, and Heave. Soil in which significant ice-segregation will occur, resulting in frost heave or heaving pressures, when requisite moisture and freezing conditions exist. General Contractor A device at the base of the pile hammer leads which is closed around the pile to maintain alignment between the pile and leads. See also Pile Gate.

Semi-rigid colloidal suspension of a solid in a liquid.

The generic name for a geosynthetic product from a polymeric (plastic) material extruded into long, connected, open-ended tubes in a honeycomb arrangement. The generic name for a geosynthetic product consisting of numerous, closed cells created in an expansion or foaming process using a gas called a blowing agent. Geofoam materials may be polymeric (plastic), cementitious or glass in composition.

An engineer with specialized training and knowledge of soils and rocks, employed to do soil investigations, design of structure foundations and provide field observation. Geo Institute branch of American Society of Civil Engineers. 1. The guides that attach a diesel hammer and its tripping device to a spud lead. 2. Parts attached to the sides of a pile hammer which engage the rails of a set of leads to hold the hammer in the leads. Also called Channel Guides, Side Guides, Angle Iro Sometimes applied to a separate mast or boom used to hoist piles or other heavy objects. Geotechnical Interpretation Report. A report presenting geotechnical information and interpretation to derive design parameters based on subsurface investigation data. A GIR is typically prepared for very large infrastructure projects.

A stiffening member passing around the outside of a structure, or part of a structure, for the purpose of strengthening or protecting it.

Material deposited by glaciation, usually a wide range of particle sizes, not subjected to the sorting action of flowing water. A short piece of timber placed between bracing and a pile as a filler. A two-segment mandrel actuated by a hydraulic cylinder pulling on cables which pass over sheaves in a manner to force the two segments apart to hold a corrugated shell for driving. Plug-like device placed in a tremie pipe prior to placement of concrete in the pipe. Device is intended to prevent concrete from mixing with bentonite slurry or water during initial placement of concrete. Typically formed of foam rubber or polystyrene The low man or woman on the construction crew who goes for parts, supplies, or tools, as instructed.

A short cylinder of steel plate large enough for a man to work inside; as excavation proceeds, smaller cylinders are set inside until bearing stratum is reached. The telescoped cylinders are withdrawn as concrete is placed. Gallons per minute, hour or day. A unit of measurement of the flow of liquids. Ground Penetrating Radar. See Clamshell bucket.

1. The elevation of the natural gound level of any point on the project site. 2. The cut-off elevation of the pile. 3. The average level of finished ground adjoining a building at all exterior walls

Small stones or fragments of stone generally smaller than 3 in. and larger than 1/4 in. size.

A weight configured to slide in pile hammer leads or within a hollow pile, which has a formed bale or swivel at its top by which it can be mechanically lifted and dropped to drive the pile. Also called Drop Hammer. A very hard, naturally durable wood sometimes used for piling; native to the Amazon area. Less durable than pressure treated wood, especially in resisting marine borers. See Pile Template A framework of structural horizontal members crossed in layers and placed on the tops of piles or pile caps to support a structural load.

Angular, rough, hard particles of sand, gravel or crushed stone in a loose form. 1. A structure built out from, perpendicular to or making an angle with the shoreline. Generally built of pressure treated close timber piling, sheet piling driven between guide wales and piles, or horizontal courses of plank held between vertical timber

A method of freezing the ground in order to provide temporary excavation support and prevent groundwater from entering into the excavation. Pore water in the soil is frozen by cooling the ground by circulating a refrigerant (usually calcium chloride brin Variety of methods of improving weak soils. See dynamic compaction, chemical grouting, jet grouting, compaction grouting, deep soil mixing, vibrocompaction.

Seismic waves created by transmission of energy through the into the earth. The resulting ground motion is characterized by four main parameters; displacement, velocity, acceleration, and frequency. Water present in saturated soils.

The upper surface of the zone of saturation in the ground. A confined body of water under a pressure which gives a level of hydrostatic pore pressure (phreatic elevation) higher than the ground surface or the normal groundwater table. A mixture of cement and water or chemicals: for filling voids it is made very thin for pumping under pressure. Rock flour, clay, or sand may be added to cement grout for economy. Cement Grout can be used to improve the tips of piles, and as an adhesive

The ratio of the actual volume of grout placed in an ACIP pile, to the theoretical volume of the shaft. Usually expressed as a percentage. See also Overtake. The pumping pressure maintained when placing grout in an ACIP pile. The moment at which grout is observed on the auger flights at the ground surface as the auger is being withdrawn during the placement of grout in an ACIP pile.

1. Shafts constructed by pumping grout through a hollow-stem auger. Also called Augered cast-in-place (ACIP) Auger Pressure Grouted (APG) or Auger pressure grouted displacement (APGD) piles. 2. Drilled shafts that have had grout pumped in at high-pressure

Grout is pressure-injected into deposits of rock containing fissures, cavities, seams, etc; to solidify and strengthen the formation; to reduce or eliminate a flow of water through the formation; to reduce the hydrostatic uplift under a structure such as See Fender Pile That part of the pile hammer leads forming a pathway for the hammer, and consisting of parallel members, which mate with side channels of a pile hammer. Also called Lead Rails, Hammer Guides. Shallow concrete walls placed on either side of the alignment of a slurry wall to provide vertical and horizontal alignment control for the excavation and subsequent support of the reinforcing steel cage and/or other elements to be placed in the trench. A dark-colored, very sticky, highly plastic clay, occurring abundantly in the central and southern parts of the U.S.A. A line that steadies a high piece or structure by pulling against an off-center load A standard steel-erecting derrick, with guyed mast and a hinged boom at its base, both able to swivel on the base. A gravity hammer in the shape of an inverted "U" used without leads to start sheet piles into the ground. Sometimes called pants. A structure in which a pile hammer is mounted to adapt it to box leads with rails spaced wider than the hammer width. Also called Pony Leads.

A pile hammer lead which has an upper section wherein the hammer is contained and a lower section which closely fits about and guides the pile. The hammer is supported and aligned by the pile after engagement. The pile is usually supported by a template Cushion placed between drive cap and top of concrete pile to protect pile from crushing and spalling. Also called Pile Cushion, Pad. The ratio of kinetic energy of the ram immediately prior to impact divided by the rated energy. The kinetic energy delivered by a pile hammer to the Drive Cap. See Energy, Impact, and Energy, Rated. A heavy tool used in breaking and removing obstructions in large diameter caissons or other excavations. The crane main hoist drum wire rope line assigned to raising and lowering and holding the hammer. The number of complete strokes of a pile hammer achieved by the ram per minute. 1. The point at which the cylinder of a double-acting air or diesel pile hammer begins to lift or "float." 2. The point at which the force of fluid in the hammer overcomes the weight of the hammer casing or cylinder. See also Cylinder Lift A short slender pole used to position and hold a pile in the leads.

Pile hammer leads topped with a bail and hung from one load line of a crane. Also called Swinging Leads, Pendulum Leads. Proprietary cast-steel driving tip with cutting "teeth" for H-piles. 1. Most commonly a very dense heterogeneous mass of clay, sand and gravel of glacial drift origin. 2. The hard stratum of consolidated earth underlying surface soil, too hard for roots to penetrate.

A rolled-steel section with web and flanges nearly the same thickness. The width and depth are approximately equal. See also Steel H-Pile A steel wide-flange or H-beam used in place of leads. The hammer engages and slides upon one flange of the beam through the use of spud clips bolted to the hammer. Also called Monkey Stick, Spud lead. 1. Shortened form of the phrase "pressure head", referring to the pressure resulting from a column of water or elevated supply of water. 2. The top of a pile. Top section of a fixed, semi-fixed or extended pile driver lead with sheaves for carrying both crane hosting drums lines, holding pile and hammer, over the top of leads.

1. The uplifting of earth between or near piles, caused by the displacement of soil by pile driving. 2. The uplift of a previously driven pile caused by the driving of an adjacent pile. 3. The upward movement of soil and/or foundations supported on s An anchor consisting of a bar and one or several helix rings. The anchor is augered into the ground and capacity is derived by the helix bearing against the soil. Helical tieback, helical anchor or screw anchor screwed into bearing strata, and used to transfer tensile loads to soil. Helical anchorage consists of small diameter steel shaft, single or multiple helix bearing plates, coatings, corrosion protection, co

Mild steel bars spirally arranged about the main reinforcement steel to bind the latter to form a cage. Also known as Helical screw foundation, screw pile, or helical pier, screwed to or into bearing strata and used to transfer compression loads to soil. A helical foundation consists of a small diameter steel shaft, single or multiple helix bearing plates, A deep foundation system consisting of a Helix Screw Pile and a bracket for transferring loads from a structure to the pile.

Low capacity metal (galvanized steel) pile consisting of a center-pole and successive helices. Cased or un-cased, small diameter, soil displacement, cast-in-place screw pile in which gravity-fed grout forms a shaft around the central steel element above the helix plate(s). A high-strength steel shaft with one or more helix-shaped circular steel plates welded to a central steel hub lead section. Helix anchors are installed by screwing the helix plates into the soil through the application of a rotating force on the centra Corrugated (usually 12 to 18 gauge) steel rolled into a spiral pipe with the joint crimped or welded watertight. The shell is installed as a pile with a mandrel. Title of computer program developed by Hubbell Power Systems, Inc./A.B. Chance which calculates the bearing and uplift capacity of helical anchorages/foundations in soil. Generally round steel plate formed into a ramped spiral. The helical shape provides the means to install a helical anchorage, or a helical foundation, plus the plate transfers load to soil in end-bearing. Helix plates are available in various grades, di (See Screw Pile) Steel accessory placed over a pile to prevent damage from driving. Also called Anvil Block, Bonnet, Cap, Driving Head, Helmet, Follow Cap, Rider Cap, Shield. See sketches, Appendix A.

A dynamic testing method for deep foundations using a drop-mass to impact the top of the shaft. The strain at impact must be at least the same order, or greater than the ultimate capacity of the pile. In brief, the soil resistance must be wholly mobilized A dynamic pile driving formula for estimating the static load bearing capacity of a pile driven from its penetration resistance. It includes terms for pile weight to ram-weight ratio, pile rebound, and cushion properties. A prime mover and a hoist with one or more hoisting wire rope (cable) drums, mounted on a common sled base. An earth auger with an end bit on a hollow center shaft. See also Auger. A point at which a pile has reached specified soil penetration and/or blow count.

A colloquial expression indicating the side of the pile driver which is the most dangerous. See Steel H-Pile. Also called H-Beam.

Can occur when the hydrostatic pressure in the ground (usually below a clay strata) is sufficient to cause the collapse of thin-wall pile casing. Term for the physical property that permits water to flow through the voids in a soil. Earth fill moved and placed by pumping with water.

Similar to Clamshell Grab. A grab operated by hydraulic action, used for excavation of diaphragm walls and barrettes A pile driving hammer that uses a hydraulically-powered ram

Reverse circulation drilling/grinding machine operated by hydraulic drives to rotate cutter wheels on a horizontal axis. The spoil is removed by a submersible pump within the machine. Pore water pressure varying as pressure in a non-moving free standing column of water. Water pressure in soil that results in neither upward or downward flow; having a hydraulic gradient equal to unity International Building Code. Institution of Civil Engineers, Great Britain. The growth of ice in lenses, layers, and veins in the soil, commonly, but not always, oriented normal to the direction of heat loss. A type of fuel atomization used in a diesel hammer in which the raw fuel injected and trapped between the ram and the anvil is atomized by impact of the ram on the impact block. The hammer normally will have a time delay between impact and combustion. Normally used with diesel hammer. 1. The part of a pile hammer seated directly under the ram which transmits the blow of the ram to the pile or to the drive cap (also called Impact Block). Also called Anvil. 2. Steel plate on top of cushion material in d The transmission of energy during a short interval of time from one moving body to another. The peak force delivered by a pile driving hammer to the pile head as measured by means of dynamic monitoring (the peak force must not be influenced by soil resistance reflections). The velocity of the ram of a gravity or single-acting steam/air hammer when it strikes the anvil. It may be computed from a formula. A constant that is equal to the pile cross-section area times Young's modulus, divided by the elastic wave velocity. Soil in which the spacing of the soil particles is so close as to prevent or allow only very slow passage of water.

Also known as the Transient Dynamic Response Method, or the Sonic Mobility Method. An integrity test in which a low-strain stress wave is generated at the shaft head by an impact from a small hammer that contains a transducer to measure force input. The r Also known as Sonic-Echo, and by several proprietary names. An integrity test in which a low-strain stress wave is generated at the shaft head by an impact with a small hammer. The time taken for the wave to travel down the shaft and be reflected back to Preferred term for a pile installed or constructed on an incline so as to provide some horizontal support for a structure Instrument which measures inclination and slope or sweep of a cased bored hole. Can be used in pipe or other types of pile if the pile is equipped with tubing to permit travel of the device. The steps of applying a test load to a pile. Generally, the specifications will require the steps to be 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175% and 200% of Design Load. Other increments may be specified, dependent on design considerations.

Piles, often prestressed concrete, driven in advance of major work to determine needed length before ordering.

The point where reversal of curvature occurs: point of contraflexure An influence line can be any line in a graph that shows the magnitude of a condition, such as shears or moments on / along a beam. The influence line graphically represents the calculated shear or moment at that point along the beam. A geotechnical exa stage after mixing concrete when it turns from liquid to solid A type of fuel atomization used in a diesel hammer in which the fuel is atomized by an injector. Combustion will normally occur prior to impact. The base plate under the beam swivel of a guy derrick

The inlet fluid path of fluid-powered hammers.

Pressure of motive fluid at the inlet of an air/steam hammer.

1. Structural fabrication or casting placed in a helmet to adjust to a different type or size of pile. Also called Adaptor or Filler. 2. Any device intended to be permanently embedded in a wall. In original or final place. A concrete pile poured (either with or without a metal casing) in its permanent location in the ground. Also called Cast-In-Place Pile, or Caisson.

The individual who observes pile installation for conformance with contract requirements. Any device intended to measure the performance of a wall or structural system, or physical parameters such as soil pressure or water head.

Pile load test performed on a shaft in which instrumentation has been installed to measure parameters such as stress, strain, and displacement. The load transfer mechanism and stress distribution can be determined from an instrumented pile load test. A means of assessing the integrity of a deep foundation nondestructively and non-invasively - See Impulse Echo Test and Impulse Response Test

The portion of a steel sheet pile or other sheeting which connects adjacent piles through a thumb and finger or similar configuration to make a continous wall. Also called a Clutch A gravity hammer which acts internally on a plug at the base of a pile casing and is used to advance the casing by driving at the bottom to a given set or penetration. Reinforcing steel embedded in a wall to provide bending resistance between points of lateral support. Proprietary name for a type of cast-in-place concrete pile.

A high capacity hydraulic jacking system used to apply loads to a pile under test. See also Test Pile pile pressed into soil by means of static force

1. A means of imposing a static driving force on a pile by using hydraulic jacks. Using extensively to install piles in underpinning of structures. A jacked pile. 2. The means of precisely transferring load from another source (either dead weight or a rea

Devices that interface with and are used to clamp a vibratory driver/extractor to a pile.

A method of ground modification that mixes cement with insitu soil using high pressure air and/or water jets to form "soilcrete". Jet grouting is generally used for excavation shoring, underpinning, and as a hydraulic barrier.

The use of water or compressed air jet to facilitate the placing or driving of a pile by means of hydraulic displacement of parts of the soil. In some cases, a high pressure compressed air jet(s) may be used, either alone or with water. Also called Water A work constructed out from a harbor entrance. Mounds or heaps of rubble, fascine, or mattress work with rubble or stone, or a reinforced concrete wal, to prevent littoral drift from forming a sand bar across a harbor entrance. See also Groin, or Groyne. Discontinuity between panels, usually formed by end stops or embedded structural shapes.

Side or skin damping value used in wave equation analysis. Tip or toe damping value used in wave equation analysis. A geologic term for limestone bedrock in which cavities are developed by solution in flowing water. Also called Karstic Limestone. A square or splined shaft which can slide vertically through a square or splined opening in a rotary driving head to turn an auger or drill bit; for a drilling rig which drives from top the Kelly bar may be a smooth cylinder. The kelly bar may also be use Term used for reaction weights for test loading. Also called caisson weights or load-test weights. A recess in the wall intended to receive a wall or floor slab.

A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane base and used to position or batter leads in or out, left or right. Can be mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically operated; it is used with either fixed leads or se S.I. (Systeme Internationale) unit of force equal to 0.2248 kips. 1. The center pile in a dolphin or cluster of piles usually with the top higher than the adjacent piles to hold lines from a ship. 2. Added support for a precast concrete or steel sheet pile wall. Steel columns installed in soil or embedded in cast-in-place bored piles or drilled shafts used as vertical support for temporary working platform or decking for deep excavation works A unit of force or load equal to 1,000 lbs. Also called sonic logger in Asia. Device used to measure a continous profile of a slurry-filled borehole or excavation by the sonic caliper method - Used to monitor diameter or width and verticality of bored piles or drilled shafts, barrettes, and diaphra 1. To raise and slip an interlock of a pile, such as a steel sheet pile, into the interlock of an adjoining pile. Also called Thread. 2. To raise and slip a pile hammer into pile hammer leads so that its side channels properly engage to slide upon the The act of interlocking sections of sheet pile to form a wall. Also called Threading. A pile to which longitudinal pieces (lags) are fastened to provide mechanical protection to a pile or increase friction contact area. See Lags. The horizontal members, usually of timber or concrete, spanning between soldier piles. See Lags. 1. Plates, blocks or structural sections secured to a pile to increase its bearing or friction area. Also called Lagging. 2. Thin slats on creosoted piles in marinas to reduce creosote stains on boats. A mixture of bleed water, cement and fine sand that may appear at the top of concrete after placing, especially in high lifts, such as piling. It has no structural value. Metal left, as at a bevel on the flange of an H-pile, for back-up of a weld.

A pile with a nominal diameter exceeding 24 in. (600 mm).

Horizontal component of load on a pile. Normally used in reference to the lateral pressure or force imposed by a soil mass against an earth-supporting structure such as a retaining wall or basement wall, or on a fictitious vertical plane located within a soil mass. The coefficient of earth pre

The maximum pressure (load) that may be safely applied in the horizontal direction to a soil or rock by a foundation unit. 1. Inclined piles or reinforcement to resist lateral forces on piles or footings. Also called Bracing, or Shoring. 2. Support provided by soil, which prevents column failure of a driven pile.

1. A structure of fabricated steel or wood in which or on which a pile hammer travels up and down and with which the hammer and pile assembly is aligned in driving position. 2. A complete hammer support system including lead column, brace and other comp That part of the pile hammer leads forming a pathway for the hammer, and consisting of parallel members, which mate with side channels of a pile hammer. Also called Lead Rails, Hammer Guides.A lead which is fixed to a crane boom point normally in an extended configuration, but has three directions of freedom about the boom point (i.e., in and out, left and right, and around) rather than just in and out, left and right movement. Also called Sw The first helical anchorage/foundation component installed into the soil, consisting of single or multiple helical plates welded to a steel shaft of finite length. See Leads. The edge of the helix that enters the soil first--may be straight, curved or sharpened or blunt. 1. A structure of fabricated steel or wood in which or on which a pile hammer travels up and down and with which the hammer and pile assembly is aligned in driving position. 2. A complete hammer support system including lead column, brace and other comp Pile hammer leads which extend above and attach to the boom point of a crane. Also called Overhead Leads. See Leads, Extended. Pile hammer leads topped with a bail and hung from one load line of a crane. Also called Hanging Leads, Pendulum Leads, Swinging Leads. 1. A trade name for a type of extended lead. 2. An extended pile hammer lead which may be raised or lowered independently of the boom by a cable from the crane. Also called Vertical-Travel Leads. Pile hammer leads topped with a bail and hung from one load line of a crane. Also called Hanging Leads, Pendulum Leads. See Leads, Cardonic. Also called Swivel Leads. Pile hammer leads which hang from the boom point pin of a crane by straps or pendant cables. 1. A trade name for a type of extended lead. 2. An extended pile hammer lead which may be raised or lowered independently of the boom by a cable from the crane. Also called semi fixed leads.

Low strength concrete usually intended as backfill in situations where the material will be subsequently removed. An embankment of earth built up along the sides of a river to prevent its overflowing its banks. Cable device used to lift reinforcing steel cages with minimal distortion.

Low density material used as backfill to reduce overburden pressure. Typically consists of lightweight rotary kiln produced aggregates with a density about half that of normal granular soil backfill. A compact, high-calcium limestone originating from coral and other marine remains.

Oil lubricator inserted in compressed air or steam lines to lubricate air or steam powered hammers. See also Sight Feed Lubricator, or Oiler 1. An open-end steel pipe installed by drilling, driving or vibrating to support the side of a hole. 2. A pipe dropped or driven into an augered hole to prevent caving temporarily. See also Casing Interior finish wall placed in contact with or separated from the slurry wall.

Loss of strength occurring in saturated, fine-grained cohesionless soil when exposed to shock or vibrations when the soil particles momentarily lose contact due to pore pressure increase. The material then behaves as a fluid without shear strength. See

The factor used to modify (usually increase) the factored load or factored force. Testing capacity and relation of load to movement by putting a static load on the bearing element before actually building upon the foundation. May be performed in axial compression, axial tension, or horizontally (lateral). ASTM Standard D1143 covers Me The maximum load that may be safely applied to a foundation unit under expected loading and soil conditions. Determined as the capacity divided by the factor of safety. The load actually applied to a foundation unit. The load actually applied to a foundation unit, and which is not greater than the allowable load.

Applying increments of load to a pile and measuring the resulting movement of the pile. See Load Test A curve showing the relation between applied load and measured movement in a static loading test - also called load-displacement curve.

A mixture of sand, silt and clay, generally with a varying amount of organic material.

Longitudinal or spiral seam in corrugated or other pipe formed by overlapping or folding the adjacent edges. A soil transported and deposited by wind action, generally silt, weakly cemented. The act of raising a pile into the leads to place beneath the hammer. Also called "pitching the pile." 1. The workman who climbs the lead to position pile beneath the hammer. 2. The workman who sits atop a sheet pile wall and threads interlocks. 3. Trade name for a mechanical device controlled by the crane operator to accomplish the purpose of 1. above

Field Record of each driven pile including location number, hammer model, pile type, blow count per unit of penetration, final resistance, driven length, etc. Also called Driving Log or Pile Log.

Space left between timber lagging boards. Louvers permit backpacking of voids behind the boards. Pile with minimal soil displacement, such as H, open-end pipe or sheet piles. Also called Non-Displacement Pile. Special concrete mix designed to reduce the peak temperature during hydration of the concrete mass. Use for mass or thick concrete members such as mat foundation. Flyash is commonly used as an additive in low heat concrete. Pumping of low slump grouts (0" to 3") with a limited ability to travel into the ground to fill voids or compact soil. A pile testing method by which the pile integrity is confirmed or anomalies such as necking, bulging or discontinuities are identified. One of the nondestructive methods. Unlike the High Strain Test, the soil resistance is not mobilized as the test is p Load and Resistance Factor Design.

See Line Oiler. Lubricator or Oiler also refers to the assistant equipment operator. Maintained Load Test. Load test accomplished by applying an increasing load in defined increments and holding each level until such time that the pile top (head) displacement stabilizes or a specified time period is attained. A force vs displacement cur

An empty closed-end tubular section, driven into the ground within operating radius of a pile rig. Corrugated shell is lowered into the hole to facilitate inserting a mandrel, thereby allowing the use of shorter leads or longer lengths of shell. The she A core that is inserted into a closed-end thin-shell tubular pile for driving; after installation the mandrel is contracted and withdrawn; (1) Solid or semisolid mandrel - A heavy tubular section that will transmit the hammer energy to either the casing Any below ground man-made object, such as concrete, timber, building rubble, abandoned utilities, which cannot be easily removed by clamshell bucket or drilling tool.

One of several species of mollusks (Teredo - "Shipworm," Bankia, Pholad) and crustaceans (Limnoria-tripunctata, quadripunctata, Lignorum) that bore into untreated wood and concrete. Preservative pressure treatment is effective in protecting wood from the

Cone shaped funnel used to indirectly measure bentonite slurry viscosity by measuring the time of passage of a quart of slurry through a specified opening size.

See European Lead Also called Mat Foundation. A thick concrete slab used to support one or more columns. A mat footing may be placed directly on the base soil or may be supported by piles. Heavy timbers bolted together for use as support and roadway for pile driver crane. Essential over soft or wet supporting soil and to protect pavement. A proprietary part of a pile hammer seated directly under the ram which receives the blow of the ram and transmits it to the pile. Normally used only with wood piles. See sketches in DFI Glossary of Terms, Appendix A. The average low elevation to which the surface of a body of water falls. Mean High Water is average high. In tidal areas Mean Low (High) Tide is the average daily minimum or maximum water surface elevation.

A comprehensive field test, principally aimed at determining load bearing criteria for driven pile, conducted in 1961 by the State of Michigan Highway Department and the United States Bureau of Public Roads. Relatively small diameter (typically 4" to 10") cast-in-place replacemnent piles utilizing drilling and grouting procedures along with high strength materials to obtain high capacity piles, typically 50T to 150T. In addition to the construction site, trad

See Top Down Method.

See Micro-piles

Combination of mechanical devices used to mix, store, clean and/or distribute bentonite slurry.

Quotient obtained by dividing the stress per unit area by the change per unit length in the elastic region of material behaviour. Also called Young's Modulus (when unconstrained laterally).

See Pile Monkey

A spud lead system in which the lead column passes through a slide box at the tip of the crane boom. The lead column elevation is controlled by the crane auxillary hoist drum cable and a brace is not normally used, the lead base being set on the ground. T An open top, longitudinally-fluted tapered steel tube, driven without a mandrel and filled as a cast-in-place concrete pile. A steel caisson with sawtooth cutting edge, which is rotated to cut its way through rock. Loosened material is washed out of the caisson. More powerful motors and pumps, plus high quality cutting steels have brought a redevelopment of this once popular pr A principal clay mineral group. A hydrous aluminum silicate characterized by a crystalline structure of layers or thin sheets. This is the main ingredient of bentonite clay. A curved or horizontal beam attached to the end of the brace on pile hammer leads which allows the lead to be moved sideways and held fixed during the driving of side inclination piles (right angle to the crane boom). Usually a treated or greenheart wood pile, driven out from a pier or dock to steady marine vessels from wind and wave action, or to hold a floating dock in position. See also Dolphin, King Pile. Distinct geological feature - mound or ridge - of material deposited by glaciation, usually containing a wide range of particle sizes. See also Glacial Till

Steam, air, combustion gases or hydraulic oil used to move the ram of the hammer to drive the pile. See also Motive Fluid Power.

1. A very soft or watery clay. 2. A term used for material removed from an excavation, especially in tunneling. Cylindrical tool used for cleaning drilled shafts of muck and water. Scale device used to measure unit weight, specific gravity or density of slurry. River bed at interface of water and soil. A thin cover of crushed stone or concrete placed over a muddy area below the planned structure to provide a work platform and keep reinforcing clean. 1. An earth diaphragm or impervious cut-off-wall in a dam. 2. The wall above the beam seats of a bridge abutment, designed to support the approach slab and retain the earth behind the abutment.

See Filter Cake The technique of stirring in bentonite powder and /or water to facilitate the installation of temporary casing or to expedite drilling into an augered or otherwise drilled hole.

Helical anchor with more than one helix welded to the same shaft or lead.

The number of blows required to drive a 2 in. O.D., 1 3/8 in. I.D., 24 in long, split soil sampling spoon one foot with a 140 lb. Weight freely falling 30 in. The count is recorded for each of three six-inch increments. The sum of the second and third i

Reduction in area of cast-in-place concrete in a pile, either uncased or thincased, due to soil pressure or improper method of installation. A structural beam inserted through a hole in a wall to support the wall during underpinning, jacking or excavating operations beneath it. The beam transfers the wall load to a temporary or a newly installed foundation. A pressure gauge with a needle stem for measuring air or steam pressure in pressure hose, by puncturing the wall of the hose with the needle stem. Very small diameter, slender, driven steel tubular or rail section piles used in underpinning operations. Colloquial term for pile driven at an angle towards the crane. See Negative Inclination Driving a pile at an angle from the vertical where the bottom of the pile is inclined toward the crane.

Soil resistance acting downward along the side of a deep founation unit, due to an applied uplift load. 1. Side friction along a pile surface directed downward. 2. Effect of settling soil that grips a pile by friction and adds a downward weight to the structure load. Also called Downdrag. Net measured settlement of pile at top after removal of test load. See Settlement The location where equilibrium exists between the sum of downward acting permanent load applied to the pile and dragload due to negative skin friction and the sum of upward acting positive shaft resistance and mobilized toe resistance. The neutral plane A weldment bracket, typically used as part of a Helical Foundation System, to provide connection between an installed Helix Screw Pile and the structures surface level foundation components. Eurocode term for basic estimated load, as defined by code or statistical analysis, before application of Load Factor.

Piles formed by boring or other methods of excavation. H, open-end pipe and sheet piles are considered low-displacement piles.

National Ready Mix Concrete Association. National Sand, Gravel, and Crushed Stone Association.

National Utility Contractors Association. A perforated pipe installed in the ground for monitoring groundwater level

A pile hammer lead which has an upper section wherein the hammer is contained and a lower section which closely fits about and guides the pile. The hammer is supported by a template. Also called Cage, Can Lead, Chuck Lead, Rope Suspended Lead, Pipe Lead. 1. A device for injecting oil into air or steam lines; also called a lubricator. 2. Either a man or woman who is responsible on a daily basis, for oiling and greasing certain pieces of construction and mining equipment. Proprietary name for a type of augered, cast-in-place displacement pile. A mixture of one 94 lb. bag of cement and 1 cy of sand, typically used as a self compacting backfill.

A drop-bottom bucket used for excavation. The drop-bottom is divided into a number of sections that appear to peel back as the bucket opens. Lengths of pile expected for the project, ordered by either the owner, A/E or contractor from the supplier

Rock core sample obtained from a boring on which scribes are made while in its in-situ location in order to determine the in-situ orientation of the rock core. Used to determine the orientation of dips and joints in the rock

A three to five-inch shaft of hard steel is set into the lower end of an H-pile by slitting the shaft or cutting the web of the pile for some distance, and then welding the shaft to the H-pile. Utilized to secure a toe hold in sloping rock. Can also be fi Axial loading test carried out by applying the load with expendable jack and load cell pre-installed in a cast-in-place bored pile or drilled shaft. Named after its inventor, Jorj Osterberg.

The difference between the actual amount of concrete placed and the neat theoretical volume. Usually expressed as a percentage.

Extra length of concrete above design cut-off level of pile, usually formed in cast-in-place bored piles or drilled shafts, and barrettes. See also Over-pour.

The ratio between the preconsolididation pressure and the effective overburden stress. 1. Pile driving that exceeds the maximum warranted hammer blow count or damages the material comprising the pile. 2. Hitting the pile more than the optimum or required number of blows per increment of advance. 3. Continuing to drive piling(s) after penetr See Leads, Extended . The extra amount of concrete placed in a panel or drilled shaft beyond the theoretical volume, or above the designed cutoff level.

The difference between the actual volume of grout placed in an ACIP pile, and the theoretical volume of the shaft. See also Grout Factor Pounds per square inch pressure shown by gage at pressure boiler, air compressor, air hose, or steam hose. See Pile Cushion. Section of a slurry wall that is concreted as a single unit. The panel may be linear, T-shaped, L-shaped, or other plan configuration Slotted plates fastened to the sides of a pile hammer to engage the head of template supported sheet pile, to keep the hammer centered upon, and in vertical alignment with, the pile to permit the hammer's operation freehanging. Also called Fingers, FishA down-hole test to verify depth and to determine the most likely construction material of unknown foundations below existing structures. Requires a borehole close to the unknown foundation, and access to the structure immediately above the foundation in Propietary brace to change pile hammer leads from side to side wIthout use of a hammer

The speed at which the ground particles move or vibrate, measured in mm/s or in/s. The maximum recorded particle velocity from any one of the three axes of movement for a recorded vibration event is the Peak Particle Velocity.

Portland Cement Association. Power Crane and Shovel Association. Pile Driving Analyzer - An instrument used to monitor pile installation and evaluate the pile-soil system. The working principle is: a pile is assumed as an elastic rod. An impact is applied on the pile top and the produced stress wave propagates along Pile Driving Contractors Association

A highly organic soil consisting chiefly of fragmented remains of vegetable matter which was sequentially deposited. Typically has a spongy consistency. Long handled tool similar to a cant hook but with a steel point at its end and a hinged hook for turning piles or timbers .

A cast-in-place concrete end-bearing pile, frequently patented, constructed so that concrete is placed or forced out into a bulb or pedestal at the base of the pile. See also Compacted Concrete Pile. A tree trunk from which all of the bark has been removed before treating and /or driving See Leads, Swinging

1. The resistance to penetration by driving, expressed in blows per increment of advance of the pile. 2. The N Value in the Standard Penetration Test Term generally applied to subsurface investigation methods for determining a strength-related property of a soil by measuring the resistance to penetration of boring and/or sampling equipment. See also N Value. The total downward movement of the pile caused by the hammer blow before rebound. Depth or length of pile specified to theoretically develop the required load bearing or uplift capacity of the soil, the required lateral strength or reach a desired bearing strata 1. The gross movement of the pile less the rebound from the hammer blow. 2. Net measured settlement after unload from a test A device for measuring resistance to penetration of a point, calibrated to indicate approximate load-bearing strength of the pile. Often called Dutch Cone Penetrometer

See Anvil

A means of advancing a bore using compressed air- or cable-driven impact tools, or excavating tools which are repeatedly dropped onto the face or base of the bore. A factor used to alter (usually reduce) the capacity of a foundation unit, determined by means of direct test loading, or by in-situ tests such as penetrometer testing. Permanently frozen ground; very difficult to pentrate with piling, and unstable when disturbed.

Old term; See Hydraulic conductivity

Measure of the alkalinity or acidity of a liquid using a logarithmic numerical scale of 0 to 14, set with 7.0 as neutral, less than 7.0 indicating acidity and greater than 7.0 indicating alkalinity. Based on the reciprocal of the Hydrogen ion concentrati

1. A structure built perpendicular or oblique to the shoreline of a body of water for mooring ships. 2. A plain, detached mass of masonry,usually serving as a support: i.e. the pier of a bridge. 3. A deep foundation unit with a large length to diameter ra

A perforated pipe installed in the ground to measure groundwater pressure / head in any desired stratum. It is typically sealed along its length, open to atmosphere at the top and perforated only in the desired stratum to allow water inflow from that stra

Plug-like device used to clean out a pipeline. Also used in a tremie pipe to keep concrete separate from water or slurry at the start of placement. See also Go Devil A slender deep foundation unit, made of wood, steel, or concrete, or combinations thereof, which is either pre-manufactured and placed by driving, jacking, jetting, or screwing, or cast-in-situ in a hole formed by driving, excavating, or boring. A pile c

Two or more piles driven in a row transverse to the long dimension of a structure, such as a bridge foundation, and fastened together by capping and/or bracing. Colloquial term for a member of a pile crew See Seawall Colloquial term for the top of a pile, originally referring to the widest part of of a timber pile or tree trunk, normally driven with the narrowest part, or tip, down first. See also Pile Head. A structural member constructed on the tops of piles to transmit and distribute the load of the structure down to the head of a pile, a row of piles, or a pile group. 1.Pairs of timbers bolted to the sides of the piles in a bent, or steel channels bolted or welded to H-piles, to tie the piles together and so carry and distribute loads to the piles. 2. A mechanical device with teeth for gripping piles, used with vibrato 1. A group of piles, standing free as a dolphin or as mooring piles or piles in contact, forming part of a fender system for the purpose of mooring or breasting off vessels for better control. See also Dolphin. 2. Group support for column loads Cushion placed between drive cap and top of concrete pile to protect pile from crushing and spalling. Also called Cushion, Pad. The length of pile extending above the cut-off elevation that must be removed. 1. A rig consisting of leads, hoisting apparatus and a pile hammer. 2. A member of the pile crew

See PDA See Drive Cap

Protective cover for a steel or timber pile. This usually is concrete, added at the water or ground line, where all typed of piles are most vulnerable to corrosion and insect attack

A device for pulling piles out of the ground. It may be an inverted steam or air hammer with yoke equipped to transmit upward blows to the pile body or a specially built extractor utilizing this principle. Vibratory hammers are especially effective. All e See Pile Line. An equation by which the static resistance or the allowable load of a pile may be estimated from the driving record of the pile. See Dynamic Formula. The piles and the structural members designed and installed primarily to transmit loads directly from a superstructure to the soil or rock stratum some distance below the ground surface which is capable of supporting the load. See Skid Rig. A device at the base of the pile hammer leads which is closed arund the pile to maintain alignment between the pile and the leads General term for a machine which drives piling by impact or vibration. Power source may be mechanical, air,steam,diesel or hydraulic. A powered pile hammer in which the fluid valve is automatically thrown at both ends of the ram stroke to produce a regular cycle. A powered pile hammer in which the fluid valve is manually thrown at one end of the ram stroke and automatically thrown at the other end. The uppermost end of a pile. See Heave A material property of a pile. Determined as the product of the Young's modulus (E) and area (A) of the cross section divided by the wave speed (c) as Z = EA / c. See Automated Monitoring Equipment. Means for joining lengths of piles. 1. H-Pile: full penetration butt weld or close-fitting mechanical device plus welding across flanges and additions. 2. Pipe-Pile: butt weld or driving into tapered circular sleeve. A wire rope used to lift a pile and hold it while being placed in the leads; one of the hoisting lines on a crane, assigned to pile handling. Also called Pile Fall. See Load Test, Test Pile See Driving Log See Taywood Sheet Pile Driver/Extractor

1. The workman who climbs the lead to position the pile beneath the hammer. 2. The workman who sits atop a sheet pile wall and threads interlocks. 3. Trade name for a mechanical device controlled by the crane operator to accomplish the purpose of 1 Above. The depth or subsurface elevation reached by tip of the pile. 2. Embedment of the pile. 3. The set of the pile A pointed pile shoe. See refusal. See Pile driver. The portion of the pile between the pile head and the pile toe. A premanufactured separate reinforcement attached to the bottom end (toe) of a pile to facilitate driving, to protect the lower end of the pile, and/or to improve the toe resistance of the pile. A close-fitted device for quickly aligned an additional length of similar or compatible sections of a pile to increase length. See Spliced Pile, Composite Pile Bending or curving of a pile, generally as a result of encountering obstructions or hard conditions during driving. An increase in the observed resistance to penetration during driving A prefabricated structure or site-erected frame into which a pile is set and held firmly in position to permit driving with a free-hanging pile hammer. Usually rectangular in form, to space and position piles so that they will be specified position relati The lowermost end of a pile (Use of terms such as pile tip, pile point, or pile end in the same sense as pile toe is discouraged). See toe grouting. Driving rig that is clamped to the top of a caisson pile casing. See Cast-In-place Pile. A tree trunk, usually debarked, driven into the ground. It may be pressure impregnated with creosote, pentachlorophenol, or chromated copper arsenate or ammoniacal copper arsenate A thick concrete slab-like foundation supported by piles. Usually used for tall buildings with high loading The contractor, frequently a subcontractor, who specializes in installing piles. A pile used to provide vertical support to bracing members. See Micropiles.

See End Stop Extractor. See Steel Pipe Pile Insert in wall intended to permit the passage of a pipe through the wall.

See Blowing The part of the falling weight in a power pile hammer which is fitted with piston rings. See Ram

An instrument for a pile integrity testing in the field. The test includes: an accelerometer and a strain gauge (optional). In general, an accelerometer is placed on the top of the pile prior to testing. The top of the pile is struck axially with a hamm

The distance between the leading and trailing edge of the helix on a Helix pile. Positioning the pile in the leads for driving. See Lofting

1. Concrete consisting of cement, bentonite, aggregates, additives and water intended to provide minimal strength, a low modulus of elasticity and high strain prior to failure. 2. Concrete that has not yet set.

Term applicable to fine-grained cohesive soils ( such as clays) with the ability to flow or be remolded without raveling or breaking apart. See also Atterberg Limits

The soil inside a pipe pile that is driven open-ended A vertical pile

See Pipe Lead Colloquial term for a pile that derives its load-bearing ability from support of the soil layer at the tip. Preferred term is "end-bearing pile"

See Depth of Fixity

Synthetic additive that increases the viscosity of water. A mixture of water and polymer forming a viscous drilling fluid that is used to stabilize boreholes and to remove drill cuttings from the borehole. See polymer slurry. Also used in parts of Asia to denote a polymer slurry with bentonite added to reduce loss in granular soils. Short beam placed across a structural beam or panel joint intended to support two panels from one point of lateral support. Also, called a waler. See Hairpin Lead, Telescope Lead, Spud Lead, and Beam Lead.

Steel plate, provided with numerous steel studs, straps or bars welded to the plate, intended to be embedded in a wall to provide shear or tensile capacity to a connection to the wall. Pressure in the water and gas present in the voids between the soil grains, minus the atmospheric pressure.

The elevation of a groundwater table corresponding to a hydrostatic pore pressure equal to the actual pore pressure. Pore pressure in a confined body of water having a level of hydrostatic pressure higher than the ground surface or above the normal groundwater table. Pore pressure distribution as in a freestanding column of water.

Colloquial term. See Fore Batter Concrete element which derives its primary strength from a longitudinal compression force provided by high strength steel strands, embedded in the wall, which are tensioned after the concrete hardens. See post-tensioning. A method of prestressing a concrete member in which cables or bars are placed in ducts through the concrete member. When the concrete reaches a specified strength, the tendons are tensioned by jacking against the member and then anchored to it. See also p

A prime mover composed of an engine and generator, hydraulic pump, or compressor to provide electricity, hydraulic power, or air to portable construction equipment, such as a vibratory driver/extractor or auger. See Refusal. 1. Boring through obstructions or materials too dense to penetrate with the planned pile type. This is commonly done for displacment piles in stiff clays where heave may occur. 2. Exploratory drilling to elevations below utility lines to locate and minimi

A concrete pile, either reinforced or prestressed, which is manufactured in a construction yard or at the site, and, having been properly cured, is handled and driven like a steel or timber pile. A precast pile manufactured in lengths which enable the pile to be extended on site relatively quickly with a mechanical splice. See Bruns Pile, Pile Splicer Wall constructed by insertion and positioning of precast concrete panels into a self-hardening slurry.

1. Advance excavation of a general site. 2. Removal by augering of soil that may heave. 3. Removal of soil by driving and cleaning out an open-end pipe

See Dieseling See Dieseling

pile installed before the commencement of the main piling works or section of the works for the purpose of establishing the suitability of the chosen type of pile, driving equipment and/or for confirming the design, dimensions and bearing capacity Application of a predetermined load on a brace or anchor support.

Omnidirectional force per unit area (Compare stress)

See Grouting, Foundation See Head See Enlarged Base A device that can be lowered into a bore hole and expanded to determine the lateral resistance of the soil Round or sawn timber used as a pile, which has been pressure impregnated with a chemical preservative, e.g., creosote, pentachlorophenol, or ammoniacal copper arsenate or chromated copper arsenate See Preload. A precast concrete pile which is prestressed or post-tensioned to reduce or eliminate cracking caused by the tensile stresses to which piles are subjected during transportation, pile driving, and in service. Compressing a concrete member with tensioned cables or bars running through it to achieve higher strength for less weight, and to counteract handling stresses. A precast, prestressed concrete pile where the form is spun as the concrete sets. Spinning results in denser concrete, reduces water cement ratio, and hence increases the concrete strength and durability of the pile. A method of prestressing a concrete member in which cables or rods are tensioned before the concrete is poured. When the concrete member has cured to specified strength, the tendons are detached from their anchorages and relieved of their stress. Restrain

A drive cap that requires an adapter for different shapes of piles. It is used only with an adapter Slurry Wall panel constructed with end forming devices at both ends. See Indicator Pile

Pile which is part of a specified pile foundation, as opposed to a preliminary test pile. The number of piles which can be installed in a defined period of time, i.e. piles driven per 8 hour day

A protective end reinforcement for steel sheet piling Trade name for a protective cast-steel pile point for H-Piles Pounds per square inch (foot), the English unit of measure of pressure Post Tensioning Institute. A technique for achieving an uncontrolled degree of compaction of granular fill by saturating the soil after it is dumped into the excavation. See Uplift Capacity

Elastic compression of soil during pile driving. A term utilized in wave equation analysis.

A wharf which is built parallel to the shore line.

A maintained pile load test with time intervals less than 20 minutes between adding load increments. (reference ASTM D1143).

A condition rather than a type of soil. Generally, a fine granular soil temporarily super-saturated with rising water and acting as a fluid under pressure. See Liquefaction Symbol for piling capacity in tons. Example; 2R is a term meaning twice design capacity See Pile Monkey. Also sometimes used for Tremie Plug or Go-Devil

Severe bouncing of the casing of a power pile hammer during driving operations

Usually three recycled railroad rails with edges of their bases welded together and the heads out, driven as a unit A pile driver mounted on a crane with railroad undercarriage for convenient transportation on the rails and operation on track. Sloping brace, which provides lateral support by transferring forces against a footing or other structural element within the excavation. See Inclined Pile. See Inclined Pile. The moving or driving part of an air, steam, diesel or drop pile hammer which delivers an impact blow to an anvil and to the pile. Also called Piston if fitted with piston rings. The part of the ram that comes closest to the impact surface of the pile. Sometimes a separate unit of the ram

A pile serving as a guide for locating piles or other structures, or for marine surveying or dredging. See Wale

See Doodle Hole

The specified operation speed for a pile hammer in blows per minute Trade name for a spirally corrugated light gauge shell made in 4 to 16 ft. sections of increasing diameter to form a step-tapered pile. Reverse Circulation Drilling See Anchor Pile

A tool attached to the drilling bucket or auger to cut or enlarge the bell at the base of a drilled shaft or caisson. See Cage 1. Amount of upward movement of the head of a pile following a blow from the hammer, by reason of the elastic properties of the pile as well as of the soils into which it is driven. Also called Temporary Compression. 2. The upward movement of the head of

A temporary wood or steel sheet piling, braced, single-walled, rectangularshaped enclosure installed to permit construction of a foundation below ground or water level.

The condition reached when a pile or soil sampler being driven by a hammer has negligible penetration per blow (as when the point of the pile reaches an impenetrable bottom such as rock), or when the effective energy of the hammer blow is no longer suffic A tube with injection ports installed in a tieback, tiedown or a minipile, and used for secondary grouting.

Addition of steel to the concrete to provide tensile or bending strength. 1. See density index. 2. See compactness condition. The characteristic of a pile that shows a decreased static capacity after driving due to pore water pressure changes, soil remolding, stress redistributing in the soil, and other factors.

Soil formed in situ by rock decay and left as a residue after the leaching out of more soluble products.

The sum total of all the forces that oppose the penetration of a pile under a hammer blow or a static force. The factor used for decreasing a soil resistance; See Factored resistance. A factor used to modify (reduce) the calculated factored resistance of a foundation unit. The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized in shear along the shaft of a pile or foundation unit. The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized at the toe of a pile or foundation unit. The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized by a foundation unit; See Capacity.

Driving (striking) a previously driven pile with the same hammer to observe increase (setting) or decrease (relaxation) in pile support capacity. A structure constructed to withstand the lateral pressure of earth behind it and its own weight imposed on the soil beneath it.

1. A counter-flow method of circulation drilling fluid and spoil in a drill hole. In the direct circulation method drilling fluid pumped down a hollow drill pipe, around the drill bit, and back to the surface in the annular space around the drill pipe and Hollow stem chisel with provision to draw bentonite slurry and drill cuttings up the stem during drilling. A means of stabilizing a bore by maintaining a head of water in the bore above the level of the surrounding water table See Drive Cap See Pile Driver

Large pieces of hard rock placed on a slope to minimize wave wash and erosion A natural aggregate of minerals that cannot readily be broken by hand. The ultimate soils material upon which to base a foundation. The compressive strength of good stone is greatly in excess of that of masonry. Limestones may be subject to caving as a re High Tensile bars or cables grouted into holes drilled into rock. See Appendix C

Pile toe protection point specifically designed to develop a toe hold on rock, or to improve penetration into boulder infested soils. A measure of the degree of fracturing in rock cores defined as the ratio of the accumulated lengths (minimum 100 mm) of sound rock over the total core length. A special type of pile shoe. That portion of the pile bore which penetrates into a hard formation beneath less competent overburden. See Drilled-in-Caisson

See Offshore Lead A method of boring using rotary ( as opposed to percussive) means of excavation Rotary grinding and cutting device primarily used to fracture or soften rock. 1. A drill machine powered hydraulically, pneumatically, electrically, or mechanically to bore exploratory holes or for installation of piles, caissons, or insitu piles. The equipment may utilize a continuous flight auger or a rotary table and Kelly bar w

1. A channel with flanges down attached to the top of a square pile or timber to serve as a bearing plate for the pile cap and to which one or more angles may be attached for retaining the pile cap. 2. A frame that locks the hammer in the leads

A load less than that which would cause objectional settlement, with a factor of safety as necessary to provide for variations in material, workmanship and loading. The safe load for a group of friction piles may be less than the sum of the safe loads for A factor modifying (reducing) overall capacity or strength as used in working stress design. (Usually having upper case symbol "F". Lower case symbols, "f", are used for factors in ultimate limit states design). The safety factor is defined as a ratio of The margin (dimensional) between mobilized resistance, applied load, or actual value, and maximum available resistance or acceptable value, e.g., the margin between the mobilized shear stress and the shear strength, or the margin between calculated settle A coarse grass growing in salt marsh areas; used for rough caulking of breast boarding and around cofferdams.

See Spoon Blows

The category of coarse-grained soil whose particles sizes range between about 0.07 mm and 5mm in diameter A horizontal member securing the piles in a bent. Calibrated device used to measure percentage of sand by volume suspended in a slurry. Percentage of sand by volume suspended in a slurry or drilling fluid. See Sand Cone. Vertical sand columns installed to speed drainage and rapid consolidation of marshy land. Also called Sand Pile and Sand Wick.

Trade name for a device for remote measuring of the stroke of an open-end diesel hammer Southern Building Code.

The specific identification of what, to what standards, and where activity is to be accomplished to fulfill an agreement to perform a task and be compensated for said performance to complete a project.

To erode soils such as from a river bank or around and under a pier by the circular orbits or fast flow of water

(See Helical Screw Anchor) A pile with spiral blade fixed on a shaft or a shaped precast pile, which is screwed into ground by a rotating force.

A work constructed along a shore line of loose mounds or heaps of rubble, or masonry walls supplemented with treated timber, steel or reinforcing concrete sheet piling driven into the beach and strengthened by wales and guide and brace piles. Intended as

A pile drilled so as to overlap, or cut into, an adjacent pile. A wall formed by a series of overlapping concrete piles that are drilled and grouted in place, and generally reinforced with a steel core beam.

Slurry wall panel cast against previously concreted panels.

Soil particles deposited at the base of wet-processed bored piles or drilled shafts. Small quantity of water percolating through a soil deposit or soil structure such as an earth dam. The quantity of subsurface water leaking into a cofferdam or a building's underground ( basement) area.

Undesirable characteristic of concrete. Separation of the constitutents of the concrete mixture such that their distribution in the concrete is no longer uniform.

The method of determining subsurface soil and rock conditions (without excavation) by inducing a shock wave into the earth and measuring the velocity of the wave's travel through the earth material. This seismic velocity indicates the types of material it

Instrument used to measure and record the motion of vibrating earth, typically consisting of three sensors on mutually perpendicular axes. Used to establish compliance and evaluate vibration impact. See also Seismometer. A device for monitoring the direction and intensity of vibration of ground or structures.

Concrete that achieves adequate compaction by its self-weight and the placement procedure without requiring vibration. This type of concrete is used for cast-in-place bored piles or drilled shafts, barrettes, and diaphragm walls where vibration of concret Concrete that achieves proper consolidation by its self-weight without requiring vibration. This type of concrete is typically used for flatwork, but is beginning to be used in deep foundations. The high fluidity of selfconsolidating concrete makes the t The ratio of a soils undisturbed strength to its disturbed strength.

1. The net penetration of a pile into the ground per blow or specific series of blows of a pile hammer. 2. The final penetration of a pile or final set, expressed in inches or millimeters per blow.

The downward movement of a foundation unit or soil layer due to rapidly or slowly occuring compression of the soils located below the foundation unit or soil layer, when the compression is caused by an increase of effective stress due to an applied load o

Measuring points installed to monitor movement of ground, buildings, structures adjacent to deep excavations. Total downward of a pile or pile group under applied load.

Settlement of a pile, measured at the top, after removal of test load The increase in resistance of a pile with time after driving.

U-shaped drop-forged cast steel fitting with locking pin for attaching cable or chain lifting device to a load.

Pressurized injection of cement-based grout along portion of a pile shaft to improve condition or capacity. Mainly applied to wet-processed bored piles or drilled shafts constructed under bentonite slurry The resistance mobilized on the shaft (side) of a deep foundation. Upward acting resistance is called positive shaft resistance. Downward acting is called negative shaft resistance (See also negative skin friction). Soil resistance acting downward along the pile shaft because of an applied uplift load. Soil resistance acting upward along the pile shaft because of an applied compressive load.

A foundation unit that provides support for a building by transferring loads to soil or rock located close to the lowest part of the building.

The ability of a soil to resist shearing stresses developed within a soil mass as a result of loading imposed onto the soil See Head Block A pile that may form one of a continuous line or row of timber, precast concrete, or steel piles driven interlocked to provide a tight wall to exclude or resist the lateral pressure of water, adjacent earth, or other materials.

See Helical Metal Shell.

Act of placing a corrugated shell on the core or mandrel before it is set for driving into the ground. See Doodle Hole. See Drive Cap See Marine Borer Reinforcing plates added to flanges and possible web of H-section to reinforce the point to improve penetration into dense materials. See Pile Shoe. Running steel sheet piles up and down in the interlocks to insure they are free sliding before driving Detailed drawing expanding on information shown on design drawing. Work can be constructed from this drawing. 1. Support for the sides of any excavation. 2. Support for structure, especially in underpinning. See Bracing

See End Pipe.

Colloquial term for inclination of a pile left or right from the boom direction A part of a pile hammer fitted to the sides of the hammer which engage the rails of a set of leads to hold the mammer in the leads. Also called Angle Iron Guides, Grooves, Gibs, Jaws Ways, Side Guides.

See Side Channels. Pan or tray-like equipment having a screen or mesh bottom; used in laboratory or field work to separate particles of a soil sample into their various sizes.

A lubricator containing a view of the oil flow, which is installed in the fluid line to supply oil to lubricate a pile hammer. See Oiler. Sheet pile installed by pressing (hydraulic action is commonly used) rather than vibration to avoid damage to adjacent structures. A fine residual soil or alluvial sediment of mud or fine soil deposited from running or standing water. Feels velvety, smooth and floury between the fingers. Silt particles range in size from 0.002 to 0.074 mm.

See Diesel Hammer, Open End. A pile hammer in which motive fluid lifts the ram on the up stroke and gravity alone acts on the down stroke. The metes and bounds of an area of earth designated for a project. An overall description of the site for a project; ground cover, relative elevations, surrounding environment, the presence of surface water and the normal water table, soil borings, known history, as well as the available access and egress. See Soil Inves The appraisal of the general subsurface conditions by analysis of information gained by such methods as geological and geophysical surveys, in-situ testing, sampling, visual inspection, laboratory testing of samples of the subsurface materials, and ground Colloquial term. See Compound Inclination Pile. 1. A pile driving rig consisting of a fluid power supply, hoisting apparatus, pile hammer and leads, all mounted upon a common sled for movement on skids or rollers. Also called a Pile Frame. 2. A soil boring rig on skids for movement by pushing or drag See Shaft resistance.

Soil resistance acting downward along the pile as a result of movement of the soil along the pile and inducing compression in the pile. Soil resistance acting upward along the pile shaft caused by swelling of the soil that induces tension in the pile. An extension fastened to the sides of a pile hammer to engage the leads of template supported timber, pipe, concrete or H-pile to keep the hammer centered upon, and in vertical alignment with, the pile to permit the hammer's operation free hanging. Crumbling and disintegration of earth material when exposed to air and moisture.

A metal adaptor used to splice pipe by driving the two pipes on the sleeve. An inside sleeve decreases the I.D. at the splice while maintaining the pipe O.D. A metal adaptor used to splice pipe by driving the two pipes into a force-fit sleeve. An outside sleeve increases the O.D.

A pile driven into the earth to consolidate the soil and help to prevent it from sliding down a slope.

Small hole cut in a pile for attachment of a shackle for handling. A viscous liquid (normally a bituminous coating) applied to the pile surface. It is expected to shear under the downward force of settling soil and minimize additional load from downdrag. See Negative Skin Friction.

Pipe device installed vertically in the wall or adjacent ground used to guide a slope-measuring device (inclinometer), which measures wall or ground movement.

A maintained pile load test with time intervals greater than 20 minutes. See MLT. Serviceablity Limit States. Fine sedimental soil material still consolidating in underwater conditions. A measure of workability (consistency) of fresh concrete - ASTM C143/C143M-05a Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete. It is performed with a truncated cone 12 in. high, 4 in. diameter at the top and 8 in. diameter at the bottom, fill A mixture of water and clay (bentonite or mineral clay) or polymer in colloidal suspension. Used in excavated shafts or walls to suspend particles for removal while balancing soil pressure against sloughing. Construction of a bored pile or drilled shaft using slurry or supporting fluid to stabilize the excavation. Concrete is placed from the bottom up, displacing the slurry as the concrete surface rises within the excavation. Also referred to as the Wet-proce Individual trained and experienced in the mixing, cleaning and use of drilling slurries as well as all operations necessary to properly construct a slurry wall or cutoff wall. An excavation filled with bentonite slurry. Also, a trench backfilled with blended impervious soils or cement bentonite. Also, called a Slurry Wall. An underground wall constructed by mechanical excavating techniques using bentonite slurry to maintain trench wall stability. Wall may be used as an underground water barrier (see Cutoff Wall) by filling with impervious materials such as concrete or mixt See Slurry Trench Wall.

Soil which, when saturated, or near saturated, and subjected to a shearing force, will lose all or part of its strength. The dominant grain size fraction in this soil is usually medium and coarse silt. Soak-sensitive soil is frostsusceptible soil and, Embedment of a wall or foundation into a bearing and/or impervious strata. See Drilled-in-Caisson.

The portion of the earth's crust which is fragmentory, or such that some individual particles of a dried sample can be readily separated by agitation in water; it includes boulders, cobbles, gravel, sand, silt, clay, and organic matter. A high-strength steel tendon installed in the earth with anchoring provision in soil that will resist movement and prestressed against a wall by an anchoring device. See Appendix C. A small diameter hole drilled into the soil for the purposes of obtaining earth samples and exploring the subsurface conditions. The complete record of what was found from drilling one soil exploration hole.

A dynamic soil resistance force that is a direct function of pile velocity. Often designated by "J" with a unit of measure of second/ft. According to Smith's definition, soil damping equals J x pile velocity x static soil resistance. See Geotechnical Engineer.

See Fill, Backfill. A study of the earth in the area of a foundation consisting of sampling, classification, preparation of logs of borings and a report setting forth conclusions and recommendations. It is basic to the design of foundations and is required by most up-to-dat

A ground improvement technique in which soil is mixed in place with augers while cement is added.

A drilled and grouted steel element advanced into the ground to reinforce and stabilize a soil mass. An earth retention system utilizing soil nails and a structural facing, typically shortcrete, to create a stable soil mass having a vertical or near vertical exposed face.

A soil stabilization method that involves installing closely spaced Soil Nails in the soil/rock face to increase its overall shear strength.

Material that rises inside an open-end pile as it is driven. The resistance of the soil to penetration of a pile varies according to soil type and density. It is measured in terms of penetration or permanent set per number of blows, i.e. 20 blows per foot. Granular soils typically produce less resistance to a pile placed by vibrator, compared to a pile driven by hammer impact. Typically measured by rate of penetration (speed) i.e., mm/s. See Vibro-driveability. The equipment used to extract soil samples from borings or test pits made in a subsurface investigation. Soil Screws are a type of helical anchorage in which the steel helix plates are attached to the central steel shaft at regular intervals along the entire length of the shaft. They are used as closely spaced linear reinforcing elements in gravity composi Treatment of soil to improve its properties; includes the mixing of additives and other means of alteration such as compaction or drainage. Also called Soil Improvement. A type of reinforced slurry wall panel with beam sections installed vertically into the wall. Also, called "SPTC" type of wall panel. A steel beam or pile section installed vertically into the wall to act as an end stop device or structural reinforcing for a panel. Also called a Soldier Pile.

A steel H or WF section driven (or placed in drilled hole) normally vertical, at intervals of several feet to hold horizontal lagging, which is installed to retain soil as excavation proceeds. Also called Soldier Beam. The density of the solid particles in a soil.

A machine designed to drive piles using high frequency vibrations in the lower sonic range that cause the pile to resonate. See cross-hole sonic logging

A method of examining soil to 20 to 30 ft depth by driving or hydraulically pushing a cone, steel rod or small diameter pipe (gas pipe) into the ground with a hammer or maul. With experience, the movement of the rod or pipe under each hammer blow can giv Device attached to the face of a reinforcing cage to position the cage in the excavation, and provide the required concrete cover.

Old term for density of material divided by density of water. See Solid density. Project-specific requirements indicating applicable codes, standards, and guidelines. Normally, Performance Specifications stipulate the end-results without detailing how to achieve them, whereas Compliance Specifications detail mandatory methods, materi See Brace. A small wooden peg, hence a spile or pile. Strip steel or plate turned into an open pipe with the longitudinal (spiral) joint welded into a tight seam. The joint of two pile segments. A pile composed of two or more segments of equal or different sections secured end to end, to form one pile. See Composite Pile.

Earth, rock debris, etc. to be disposed of. The blows of a 140 lb hammer falling 30 in. onto a 2 in. O.D. x 1 3/8 in. I.D. split-spoon sampler. See N Value.

See Brace. An enlarged foundation under a column or load to reduce the total bearing stress per square foot to carry the load directly upon the soil or rock. See Brace.

A fender so built that impact is taken up in part by steel springs, plates or rubber, or by elastic bending of the stucture. Standard Penetration Test. See N Value. 1. A short, strong member, driven and then removed, to break through a hard crust of material or to make a hole for inserting a pile which is too long for placing directly in the driver lead. 2. A moveable vertical pipe or H-section placed through a stron

Devices bolted to a pile hammer to engage it with and permit it to slide along a spud lead. Sometimes called gib. A steel wide-flange or H-beam used in place of leads. The hammer engages and slides upon one flange of the beam through the use of spud clips bolted to the hammer. Also called H-beam Lead, Monkey Stick, or Pony Lead. See Sketches, Appendix B. The act of opening a hole through dense material by dropping or driving a spud. Tubular precast reinforced concrete pile, hollow and open-ended. Commonly installed by driving with diesel hammer See Groin. See Inclined Pile. Fabricated steel points fastened to the very bottom of swinging box(U) leads, or H-beam leads. Slurry used to support the sidewalls of a slurry trench excavation.

The surveying act of putting stakes in the ground where the piles are to be driven. Prefabricated steel or concrete columns pre-installed in bored piles or drilled shafts to be used as support for Top-Down construction of below-grade structures. See N Value.

Testing axial compression capacity of a pile by applying load. Movement of the pile is measured during testing. ASTM D1143. See also Load Test.

Proprietary name for a method of load testing a pile in which load is applied to the pile through a pressure chamber by burning solid fuel. Unloading occurs by controlled venting of pressure. Calibrated to provide equivalent static load-deflection plot. Usually two horizontal timbers placed on opposite sides of a row of piles and drawn together by bolts to pull the piles into line.

See Box Lead. A rolled-steel section with web and flanges nearly the same thickness. The width and depth are approximately equal. Also called H-Beam. Pipe in any wall thickness or diameter; it may be driven closed end or open end. Also called Tube Pile A cast-in-place concrete pile formed by installing successively larger sections of corrugated shell or thin-wall pile; ordinarily installed with a mandrel that bears on a connector between lengths. A cuneiform pile. Plates welded between flanges of structural shapes to reinforce against concentrated loading, as for testing.

See Brace.

Coarse crushed stone or gravel injected into poor bearing soil by jetting and vibro-displacement to improve carrying capacity. See Vibroflotation. See End Pipe. An excavation made into the ground in a series of steps or benches. Plates fastened between flanges of an H, or other steel pile at right angles to the vertical axis, for the purpose of increasing the pile's bearing area. See Lagged Pile.

See Banding.

Unindirectional force per unit area (Compare pressure).

The total stress in a particular direction minus the pore pressure.

The length of a tieback or a tiedown that is not bonded to the surrounding soil or rock.

The direction of a geologic boundary exposed at the ground surface relative to the north. See also Dip. See Anvil. A cord used as a guide for straightness. A member at right angles to, and resting on or clamped to pile caps, forming a support for the superstructure.

The distance traveled up or down by the ram of a pile hammer.

1. A compression member extended horizontally form bent to bent, or pile to pile in a bent, and serving as a stiffening member. 2. A compression member extending from waler to support point which may be another waler or the ground. 3. See Brace.

See Settlement Point

Small excavation or pit provided in a low point of construction to serve as a collection basin for surface water and near surface underground water. Usually a self-priming centrifugal type pump capable of handling water with high mud content.

A surface loading that is additional to the soil load behind a retaining wall.

See illustration #6 See Settlement Point

The professional responsible for determining and locating in the field the horizontal and vertical coordinates for the project, as defined by the design engineer. A thin wall pipe pile with bottom closed by a slightly tapered precast point. Driving is done by a mandrel on the point, dragging the pile down-with an assist from a shoulder on the exact length mandrel. See Caudill Drive Point Pile. Also called core d See Leads, Swinging. See Lead, Cardonic. See Tube Manchette. 1. Term used to describe small weld used for temporary purpose. 2. Phrase used to describe the act of hitting sheet piles down with haripin so they will have some penetration into the ground to stabilize the wall as used in "tack the sheets." A wall formed by a series of contiguous (tangent) concrete piles that are drilled and grouted in place and generally reinforced with a steel core.

Pile with a taper. A proprietary name for tapered steel piles, usually having twelve(12) sides and fitted with a cast steel driving point. The pile is filled with concrete after installation. This pile is designed to carry heavy loads in friction in poor soils and is top dr See Caisson Hammer. A heavy device with hydraulic rams attached to several individual sheet piles; rams are operated separately to push or pull a sheet while others furnish reaction. A structure which holds a pile hammer in box leads that are wider than the hammer, and permits extended driving by carrying the hammer beyond the bottom of the leads. Also called Hairpin, Pony Leads.

Metal rod used to measure vertical movement of test pile at pre-specified depth in comparison with movement of pile head at different applied loadings.

Shoring system used primarily to provide soil and water retention during construction, and not utilized in the permanent construction. Part of a tieback or a tiedown consisting of prestressing steel, anchorage, corrosion protection, sheathing and coating (if required), spacers and centralizers

The head of a timber pile after being cut or shouldered to accommodate splicer or other devices.

See Uplift Capacity.

A pile designed to resist uplift.

See Marine Borer. The criterion for when to terminate driving a pile. May be determined by depth of pile penetration, or by blow count per unit of penetration. Not to be confused with Refusal, the point at which a pile can be driven no further.

See Soil Boring. See Load Test.

1. A pile driven to ascertain driving conditions and probable required lengths. 2. A pile on which a static or dynamic load test also may be made to determine its capacity and the carrying capacity of the soils. 3. A pile driven as a guide for efficie A method of examining soil by excavating a pit to permit direct examination of the materials in place and its degree of compaction, as well as permit test loads directly on what will be the foundation soils.

See Quick Test. See also ASTM D1143

See illustration #12.

Corrugated shell or thin pipe, concrete filled, driven with aid of mandrel. See Swage Pile, Helical Shell.

The property exhibited by a slurry that gels when undisturbed and returns to a viscous fluid when stirred or agitated. See Lace. A quick-acting valve mounted in the motive fluid line used to control the flow of fluid to a steam/air pile hammer.

1) A rod or cable grouted or fixed to an in-ground anchor to resist soil or other pressure on walls or structures. See Anchor Pile. 2) A system consisting of a Helical Screw Anchor, screw anchor extension shafts and a tieback plate used to resist soil o Device cast into the wall intended to permit the installation of a tieback through the wall and the transfer of the tieback load to the wall. Also, called tieback sleeve. A type of Tieback installed vertically to resist upward forces

Dense heterogeneous mixture of fine-grained and coarse-grained material of glacial origin and compaction. It often contains significant quantities of boulders and cobbles. See Glacial Till and Hardpan. Instrument used to measure inclination of a structure. Typically used to monitor sensitive structures adjacent to excavation and construction sites.

A cut tree, usually debarked, and pressure treated with creosote or other preservative, usually driven small end down. Probably the earliest form of pile.

See Pile Toe. See Pile Penetration.

Also called "base-grouting". Injection of cement-based grout at pile toe to improve condition or bearing capacity. Commonly applied for wet-processed bored piles or drilled shafts in Europe and Asia. Soil resistance acting against the pile toe. Allowed variation from the design location of a foundation element or pile. See Anvil. See Head Block. See Pile Monkey. Also sometimes used for Tremie Plug or Go-Devil See Anvil. Method of constructing a structure from grade downward, constructing the roof and/or floor slabs of the structure in stages with excavation proceeding below the slabs. Typically a diaphragm wall or contiguous pile wall earthretaining structure and stanch Rotational energy delivered by rotary type, hydraulic power driven torque motor used to screw helical anchorages/foundations into soil. The empirical relationship between rotational energy used to install a helical anchorage/foundation and its axial load capacity. The higher the installation torque, the higher the axial capacity of the installed helical anchorage/foundation. An analysis using undrained soil parameters, and not separating the influence of pore water pressure. A proprietary precast concrete-tip pile with thin-shell shaft, driven with the aid of a mandrel.

A structure constructed along a river of loose mounds or heaps of rubble, with or without a surmounting masonry wall, timber, close timber piling, wood sheet piling, steel sheet piling or reinforced concrete to direct the flow of the river into a more fav

The energy transferred to the pile head and determined as the integral over time of the product of force, velocity, and pile impedance. 1. Placing concrete below water or slurry level through a pipe, the lower end of which is kept immersed in fresh concrete so that the rising concrete from the bottom displaces the water or slurry without washing out cement content. 2. The hopper and drop Concrete placed by the tremie method.

Pipe through which concrete is placed in a slurry-filled panel or shaft. Device placed in a tremie pipe, intended to minimize mixing of the concrete and slurry or water at the start of the concrete placement operation. See also Go-Devil, Rabbit See Hydromill Excavator. A large heavy tool dropped on a line down a bore hole to advance the excavation in rock under water. 1. A temporary work bridge to provide access to work site and support equipment; frequently used in rivers for access to pier construction. 2. A timber, reinforced concrete or steel structure, which is used to support a pile rig during driving. 3. A bridg

See European Lead.

A type of drill bit that has three conical rollers equipped with rock-cutting teeth. Also called a Rock Roller bit

1. A block in the leads of a drop hammer causing the release of the weight at a predetermined height. 2. Mechanical device used in diesel hammer to both pick up the hammer and to start the hammer. Also called Trip Block or Tripping Device. Pile hammer lead fabricated with four main chords in a generally rectangular shape with the chords being connected by diagonal bracing. May have internal diagonals to form a tetrahedral design. The pile hammer is mounted in front of and rides on two of Title of computer wave equation program standing for Texas Transportation Institute, developed at Texas A & M University for the Federal Highway Administration. A steel pipe pile. Pipe with flexible rubber sleeves that cover pre-drilled holes in a pipe at specific intervals. Pressurized grouting through a packer forces grout through the holes past the flexible rubber sleeves into the ground outside for the purposes of strengthening

See Box Lead; Appendix B. Universal Building Code. Ultimate Limit States: A structural engineering design methodology that defines performance criteria (deflection, strength, settlement, etc.) that must be met when the structure is subjected to anticipated loading.

1. The maximum load which a single pile will support. 2. The load at which unacceptable movement of the pile begins to occur. The maximum load, computed as a total load or as a load per pile, which the foundation will support without unacceptable movement. See Safe Load. See ULS

The velocity of an ultrasonic pulse through concrete or grout is a function of the modulus and density of the material. UPV is therefore a useful guide to quality and uniformity, and can be used to identify anomalous zones in a deep foundation shaft. The Also called "dynamic force" and "rated driving force". See Illustration #9 A column of concrete placed and left in the ground without encasement. See Augered Pile.

See Top-down Method.

Piles, piers, walls, sheet piling, or other supports added to or replacing foundations under an existing structure to preserve the integrity of the structure or increase its load capacity. Enlargement of the lower end of an augered or drilled pile, shaft or caisson to increase its bearing area. Also called a Bell.

Driving a pile underwater by operating the hammer under water. Provisions must be made for hammer exhaust to the atmosphere for both steam or compressed air powered pile hammers.

A soil classification system based on grain size distribution, liquid limit and plasticity index of the soil.

The weight per unit volume of a material such as soil, water, concrete, etc. Typically expressed as pounds per cubic foot, grams per cubic centimeter, or kilograms per cubic meter. Use of the top-down method to excavate the basement while simultaneously constructing the superstructure.

The resistance of piles to pulling out of the ground. The ability of a pile to resist uplift and overturn forces due to wind and hydrostatic pressure. See Anchor Pile.

United States Department of Transportation.

A four-bladed vane is forced into undisturbed soil ahead of sampling tube and rotated so the soil shears. Peak and remolded shearing resistance is recorded. See Continuous Flight Auger. See Leads, Semifixed.

Geotechnical instrument used to measure strain in reinforcement or mass concrete of foundation or structural members such as cast-in-place bored piles, struts, etc. A pile driving and extracting machine which is mechanically connected to a pile and drives or extracts the pile by oscillating it through the soil. Power source may be either electric or hydraulic. See Illustration #4 & 5. See Vibratory Driver/Extractors

Ground improvement method in which loose granular soil at depth is densified by the vibrations generated by a vibratory probe inserted into the ground. Qualitative term to rate the predicted ease or difficulty of vibrating a pile into place, considering the soil conditions and vibrator type. Used to differentiate from "driveability". See illustration #14, Appendix B. Trade name for a means of densifying non-cohesive soils by deep vibration coupled with air or waterjetting. A Vibroflot is the instrument used, with an internal motor driving eccentric weights.

Measure of shear strength of a liquid.

The total volume occupied by a soil mass includes the soil particles plus void spaces (which in nature always exist between the particles because of their irregular shape). The void ratio is the ratio of the void space volume to the volume of soil solids

Timber sheet piles consisting of three planks bolted or spiked together, with the middle plank offset so as to form a tongue along one edge and a corresponding groove on the other. See Sheet Pile. 1. A horizontal structural member placed along a line of piles or support system to accept the load from the piles or sheets and transmit it to struts, shoring or other bracing. 2. A rubbing strip or fender on the face of docks.

The thickness of the metal of a pile. 1. A method of advancing a boring by means of rotary drilling utilizing water or a bentonite slurry to stabilize the sides of the opening. 2. A method of examining soil, usually in soft soil or clay, by driving a pipe into the ground and then inserting a

The ratio of the quantity (by weight) of water in a given volume of soil mass to the weight of the soil solids, typically expressed as a percentage. See Jetting. The subsurface elevation at which water will usually be present. Also called Groundwater.

The ratio of the weight of mix water to the weight of cementitious elements (cement and fly ash).

Wall exhibiting a surface free of running water. Patches of moisture or beads of water, [like beads of sweat] may be evident, but free flowing water is not present throughout the wall surface. A mathematical equation that describes the mechanics of force transmission along an elastic rod (pile) that has been subjected to a mass having a specific initial velocity from which the energy transmission and stress at any point along a pile being drive

The speed of propagation of a stress wave in a foundation shaft or pile. A graphic representation of a force or velocity measurement plotted against time.

See Side Channels.

Title of computer program standing for Wave Equation Analysis of Piles. Developed by GRL for the Federal Highway Administration. Also called GRLWEAP.

The perforated bottom end section of a well pipe which permits the groundwater to be drawn into the pipe for collection and disposal or use.

Construction of a bored pile or drilled shaft using slurry or supporting fluid. Prepared slurry such as Bentonite, or polymer or unprepared slurry such as water is commonly used as supporting fluid during drilling to stabilize the borehole. Also known as

The World Federation of Engineering Organisations established with the support of UNESCO. It has eighty national engineering institutions as its members, who meet together every two years in the General Assembly of the supreme governing body. The generic term for a landing place or platform built at the edge or out into water for the berthing of vessels.

Prefabricated vertical drain installed into the ground for the purpose of speeding up consolidation of fine-grained soils. The wick drain attached to a small anchor plate is installed with the assistance of a tubular mandrel. The mandrel is installed by v Rolled structural steel section in an H shape but with greater depth than flange width, and flanges thicker than the web. See Steel H-Pile. Short length or strips of steel welded near the toe of a steel H-pile to increase its bearing capacity. A Deep Soil Mixing Method (or DSMM) in which a slurry of stabilising reagent is injected to the desired depth of stabilisation through the stem of a hollow auger shaft either during penetration or withdrawal. This process can form a single column or group

Flow characteristics of concrete. Important property of concrete for bored piles or drilled shafts, barrettes and diaphragm walls if concrete placement is by tremie method or pumping. The slump test is most commonly used to assess workability. See Design Load.

See Production Piles.

See Modulus of Elasticity.

FRENCH

GERMAN

SPANISH

ITALIAN

essai de rception

Abnahmeprfung Bohrpfahl

test di accettazione palo trivellato empuje activo de tierras adaptador aditivo spinta attiva del terreno adattatore, pezzo di connessione additivo

pousse des terres adaptateur adjuvant

aktiver Erddruck Verbindungsstck Zusatzmittel

adhrence

Adhsion

adhesin

adesione

produit d'addition, mlange

Beimischung, Zusatz material adicinal

additivazione, addizione

eau adsorbe

adsorbiertes Wasser agua adsorbida

acqua adsorbita

loess

loes

loess

cadre triangulaire

inclinaison arrire

granulat (agrgat) air entranement d'air

Zuschlagstoff Luft Luftporenzusatz

arido, agregado aire aire incluido, aire atrapado

aggregati, inerti aria inglobamento d'aria

manche air, gaine

Druckluftschlauch, Ansaugschlauch

manguera de aire

tubo dell'aria

extraction/lvateur air comprim

sas air

force portante limite

zulssige Tragfhigkeit

carga admisible, valore di carico carga de seguridad ammissibile del terreno capacidad admisible de un pilote aluvin carico ammissibile su palo alluvione ancoraggio testa di ancoraggio muerto ancoraggio, corpo morto

force portante limite des pieux alluvions tirant d'ancrage tte d'ancrage poids mort

Pfahltragfhigkeit

Alluvium Anker Ankerkopf Erdanker

rideau d'ancrage, mur d'ancrage ancrage, plaque de'ancrage palplanche ancree ferrure angulaire

Ankerwand Verankerung, Verankern, Ankerplatte verankerte Spundwand

muro de anclaje anclaje, placa de anclaje tablestaca anclada

muro d'ancoraggio ancoraggio

muro di sostegno ancorato

angle de talus naturel

natrlicher Bschungswinkel

ngulo de talud natural

angolo di riposo

anode anomalie enclume

Anode

nodo

anodo

longueur libre quivalente contrainte appliquee ecran, tablier, voile

Rechnerische freie Stahllnge auftretende Spannung Dichtungsschrze tensin aplicada pantalla, cortina

lunghezza libera apparente del trefolo tensione applicata

couche impermable

wasserundurchlssig acuicluso e Schicht Gewlbewirkung efecto de arco

aquiclude

effet de voute

inacrcamento

pression artsienne

artesischer Druck

presin artesiana

pressione artesiana

pression au repos atomisation, par impact

Erdruhedruck

empuje en reposo

pressione a riposo

atomisation, par injection

limites d'Atterberg

Zustandsgrenzen nach Atterberg

lmites de Atterberg limiti di Attreberg, limiti di consistenza

mche, tarire

Erdbohrer

barrena de gusanillo

trivella, punta elicoidale

forage la tarire pieu la tarire continue creuse (CFA)

Erdbohrung, Aufschlubohrung Schneckenbohrpfahl

sondeo con barrena foro trivellato palo trivellateo ad elica continua

pieu extrud Equipement de commande automatique

Bohrpfahl

palo trivellato

remblai pelle rtrocaveuse bague d'appui

Hinterfllung, Verfllung ziehend arbeitender Lffelbagger

relleno retroexcavadora

chiudere, riempire, riempimento escavatore a braccio rovescio

tube sdiment, curette structure de bande barrette

Schlammbchse, Kiespumpe

cuchara de sondeo sessola gottazza votazza, curetta

Schlitzwandelement

barrette

soulvement fondamental/de base rupture profonde

Sohlenhebung, Sohlauftrieb Grundbruch corrimiento profundo

sollevamento del fondo rottura della base

fondation pieu inclin poultre capacit portante, portance pieu porteur

Keller Schrgpfahl Balken Tragfhigkeit

cimentacin, stano basamento pilote inclinado viga, vigueta capacidad de sustentacin palo inclinato trave capacit portante

Tragpfahl, Druckpfahl pilote de compresin

palo portante

charge/pression sur les appuis charge de scurit, autorise

Bodenpressung, Auflagedruck

presin unitaria ejercida

pressione di appoggio

surface de fatigue/de roulement cloison portante fond rocheux, assise rocheuse cloche

Felsuntergrund

roca firme

roccia di base

flexion moment flchissant

aufgeweiteter Injektionsanker Bohrpfahl mit Fuaufweiterung Biegung Biegemoment

ancoraggio a campana cassone a campana flexin momento flector flessione momento flettente

bentonite

Bentonit

bentonita

bentonite

berme

Bschung, Berme

berma

berma

faire sauter ressuage ressuage/sgrgation

sprengen Absetzma

volar

far esplodere segregazione

garnissage

Aussparung, verkeilen

bloqueo

bloccaggio, intasamento

Rammschlge pro Lngeneinheit Schlagzhler

conto dei colpi

contacolpi

marais, marcage, fondrire

Torf

pantano

palude

sable en boulance

hydraulischer Grundbruch

fenmeno de arenas vivas

ebollizione di sabbia

bollard boulon adhrence du bton longueur engage

Bolzen

perno

vite, bullone

contrainte d'adhrence Verbundfestigkeit

resistencia de adherencia

resistenza per aderenza, adesione

capot/abat-vent bme, drome forage, sondage pieu for

Ausleger, Trgergurt Bohrung, Bohrloch Bohrpfahl sondeo pilote perforado

rimbombo braccio foro, sondaggio, trivellazione pali trivellati

diamtre de sondage 1- Forage 2Sondage/carottage

Bohrlochdurchmesser

diametro del foro di carotaggio

matriaux d'excavation Entnahmefllmaterial material de prstamo

materiali di prestito

gros bloc argile de moraine blocs

Sohlenhebung, Sohlauftrieb Felsblock, Gerllstein, bolo Findling Geschiebemergel, arcilla glacial con Mergellehm bolos

sollevamento del fondo trovante, blocco argilla a blocchi, argilla morenica

cadre, tai, entretoise, aussteifen, Steife tanon

riostra

sostegno, puntello

fouille taye tayage, cadrage, blindage

ausgesteifte Baugrube Aussteifung

excavacin entibada arriostramiento

scavo contrastato (con puntelli) puntellamento

charge de rupture parapet/mur d'appui/paulement crevage de piliers

Bruchspannung tensin de rotura Brstung, Sttzmauer

tensione di rottura muro di sostegno

flambement btiment rglement de construction

Knicken Gebude, Bauwerk Bauvorschriften

pandeo edificio cdigo de la construccin

deformazione, schiacciamento costruzione, edificio regolamento edilizio

chantier bulbe de constraintes

Baustelle

ubicacin de obra, terreno di costruzione tajo cantiere Spannungskonzentrat bulbo de tensiones bulbo di distribuzione ion, "Druckzwiebel" delle tensioni

injection de Hohlraumverfllung comblement rideau de palplanches Verbau, Schott, Bschungsmauer

ataguia de pared

muratura di sostegno

bulldozer

Planiermaschine, Bulldozer

bulldozer

bulldozer, apripista

sous-pression poids volumique djaug gros bout

Auftrieb, Schwimmkraft Wichte des Bodens unter Auftrieb Pfahlkopf

subpresin, empuje spinta di galleggiamento peso especfico peso di volume sumergido immerso cabeza (de un pilote) testa

soutenir, arc-bouter

Strebepfeiler, Sttzpfeiler, Bogenpfeiler, absttzen

apuntalar

sostenere

soudure bord bord

armature

Bewehrungskorb

armadura

gabbia di armatura

caisson

Senkkasten

cajn

cassone

calibrer, talonner

Eichung, Kalibrierung tarar

calibrato

grappin encorbellement Auskragung Kragarm valadizo sbalzo

rideau de palplanches unverankerte en porte faux Spundbohlen

tablestacado sin anclar

palancolata a mensola, a sbalzo

Bloc de garniture

matriaux d'amortissement

Bloc de garniture capillarite

Kapillaritt

capilaridad

capillarit

analyse d'un cas

Przidenzfall, Vorbild, caso registrado Fallbeschreibung

casi precedenti

trou de forage tub

verrohrtes Bohrloch

sondeo entibado

foro rivestito

tubage

Verrohrung

camicia/tubolare

tubage, tube de revetment

Verrohrung, Futterrohr

tubo de entibacin

rivestimento, tubo di rivestimento muro diaframma in calcestruzzo gettato in opera palo rivestito in opera, in sito

paroi moule en bton Ortbetonschlitzwand

pieu moul

Ortbetonpfahl

pilote "in situ"

cathode Protection cathodique

Kathode

ctodo

catodo

cavit centimtre cube batardeau cellulaire

Hohlraum Zellenfangedamm

cavidad ataguia celular

cavit avandiga cellulare

coulis de ciment

Zementsuspension, Zementmrtel Zentrierer

lechada de cemento iniezione cementizia, boiacca di cemento centralizzato

centreur

centrifugeuse

Zentrifuge

centrifugadora

centrifuga

chambre

Kammer, Kaverne

caverna

camera

rsistance interne Charakteristischer caractristique du tirant Innerer Ankerwiderstand charges (explosifs) injection chimique proprits chimiques Sprengstoff, Sprengladung chemische Injektion chemische Zusammensetzung cargas explosivas inyeccin qumica propiedades qumicas

resistenza interna caratteristica di ancoraggio carica (esplosiva) iniezione chimica propriet chimiche

bague d'appui fleuret, burin cale trpan biseau Guide de mandrin Fallmeiel trpano punta tagliante Meiel cincel, puntero scalpello a percussione

foret percussion/foreuse cble

benne preneuse deux coquilles argile

Greifer Ton

cuchara bivalva arcilla

benna bivalve argilla

coupeuse d'argile

clavette/liteau

reprsentant technique Technischer du client Bauherrnvertreter

rappresentante tecnico del cliente

sol grunulomtrie uniforme grains grossiers grains grossiers

gleichfrmiger Boden suelo de granulometra uniforme grobkrnig de grano grueso grobkrnig de grano grueso

ben gradato

a grana grossa a grana grossa

caillou/gallet

Feldstein, Rollkiesel

canto rodado

ciottolo

coefficient de pression Erddruckbeiwert du sol

coeficiente de empuje de tierras

coefficiente di spinta del terreno

batardeau

Fangedamm

ataguia

avandiga

cohsion

Kohsion

cohesin

coesione

non cohrent

nicht bindig, kohsionslos

no coherente, incoherente

incoerente, non coesivo, granulare

collides

Kolloid

coloides

colloidi

poteau

Sttze, Pfeiler, Sule columna

colonna, pilastro

compacter compatibilit pieu en bton compact

dichtgelagert; verdichten Verdichtbarkeit

apisonar compactibilidad

compatto compattabilit

compactage injection solide Verdichtungsinjektion (Kompaktionsinjektion ) Verdichtungspfahl pilotes de compactacin iniezione di compattazione

pieux battus pour compacter le sol pieux mixtes

pali di compattazione

Verbundpfahl

pilotes compuestos pali compositi

air comprim compression

Druckluft Druck

aire comprimido compresin

aria compressa compressione

pieu en compression

Druckpfahl

palo a compressione

onde de compression compresseur

Druckwelle Kompressor

onda de compresin compresor

onda di compressione compressore

charge concentree bton (arm) dosage du bton revtement en bton pieu en bton coulage du bton tube plongeur pntromtre cne

konzentrierte Last, Einzellast Stahlbeton

carga concentrada hormign armado, concreto armado

carico concentrato calcestruzzo (armato)

Betonpfahl Betonierung Betonierrohr

pilote de hormign hormigonado

palo in calcestruzzo getto di calcestruzzo palo di calcestruzzo penetrometro a punta conica

Kegeldruckmegert penetrmetro de cono

essai de compression dans une enceinte rigide conglomrat consolider consolidation vitesse de charge constante

Druckversuch mit verhinderter Querdehnung Konglomerat setzen, verdichten gleichmssige Laststeigerung

ensayo de compresin conglomerado consolidar

prova di compressione confinata conglomerato consolidato

progresin uniforme velocit di carico de la carga costante prova penetrometrica a velocit di avanzamento costante iniezione da contatto presin de contacto pressione di contatto

essai de chargement weggesteuerte vitesse de' Probebelastung enforcement constante

injection de contact pression de contact

Kontaktinjecktion Berhrungsdruck, Sohlpressung

conteneur, cadre

Behlter

contenedor

container

pieu la tarire Schneckenbohrpfahl continue creuse (CFA)

palo trivellateo ad elica continua

joint de retrait entrepreneur tir contrl Unternehmer contratista impresario gerichtete Sprengung voladura controlada esplosione controllata

transporteur carotte de sondage pieu de sondage

Frderband, Frderer transportador Kern, Bohrkern gekernter Pfahl testigo

trasportatore foro, campione di trivellazione, carota palo carotato

coupleur couverture

Koppelelement Betondeckung

recubrimiento

gancio copertura

fissure, crevasse berceau, marteau

Ri

fisura

fessura, rottura

fluer, fluage, creep kriechen vitesse limite de fluage Grenzkriechma pieux en bois traits la crosote quipe de montage

reptar

scorrimento limite di creep pali in legno lubrificato (con creosoto)

Holzpfahl mit Creosot pilotes de madera imprgniert creosotada

cabane/hutte

mur gabionn

Krippenwand, Wand (Holzsenkkasten) Kritische Kriechkraft

muro jaula

muro a sacco

traction critique de fluage traverse/crosse

carico limite di creep

faire entrer de force

barrette cruciforme

pierre broye, roc-

Schotter, piedra machacada gebrochenes Material

pietre frantumate

pieu en forme de coin voile d'tanchit Dichtungsschrze pantalla impermeable, lateral cortina

mur suspendu

matelassage, amortissement blocs amortisseurs/de garniture

abschirmen, abdmpfen

almohadillado

antivibrazione, ammortizzare

matelassage, amortissement tranche, dblai dcoupage/dcolletag e mur parafouille, radier

abschirmen, abdmpfen Einschnitt

almohadillado trinchera

antivibrazione, ammortizzare taglio

Dichtungswand, Abschluwand

rastrillo impermeable

diaframma

emporte - pice/bague Schneidering coupante

anillo cortante

anello di taglio

cyclone cylindre Zylinder cilindro cilindro

barrage

Talsperre, Staudamm presa

diga

Facteur d'amortissement

traction de rfrence poids mort poids mort

Vorbelastung Eigengewicht Erdanker peso propio muerto

carico di riferimento carico permanente ancoraggio, corpo morto

temps de descente roche dcompose dcompression dcroissement par tranches foundation profonde

Zersetzungszeit, Abklingzeit zersetztes Gestein Druckentlastung

tiempo de atraso

tempo di decadimento

roca descompuesta roccia decomposta descompresin decompressione

Tiefgrndung

cimentacin profunda

fondazione profonda

flche/dviation

Durchbiegung

flecha, desplazamiento deformacin

flessione

dformation degr de compactage degr de saturation retard poids volumtrique

Verformung Verdichtungsgrad Sttigungsgrad Verzgerung Dichte

deformazione

grado de apisonado grado di compattazione grado de saturacin grado di saturazione atraso densidad ritardo densit, peso di volume unitario

poids volumtrique

Dichte

densidad depsito

dpt Ablagerung profondeur de stabilit

densit, peso di volume unitario deposito

profondeur de la fondation profondeur de fiche dsableur installation de dsablage dessiccation dessiccation conception, projet

Grndungstiefe Eindringtiefe

profundidad de cimentacin profundidad de penetracin

profondit di fondazione profondit di penetrazione

Austrocknung desecacin Austrocknung desecacin Bemessung, Entwurf, diseo Konstruktion

disseccazione disseccazione progetto

charge de projet dtails dtrioration dtonation

Belastungsannahme Einzelheiten, Detaile Zerfall Sprengung

carga de proyecto planos de detalle deterioro detonacin

carico di progetto dettaglio deterioramento detonazione

variation appareil Vorrichtung puisement/asschem Wasserhaltung, Entwsserung ent

aparato agotamiento

attrezzatura prosciugamento, aggottamento

cran/diaphragme

Scheibe, Abschluwand, flexible Dichtung

diafragma, pantalla diaframma

rideau souterrain

marteau diesel

cognement comme un diesel tassement diffrentiel Setzungsdifferenz, ungleichmiges Setzen

asiento diferencial

cedimento differenziale

digue/barrage inclinaison einfallen, steichen inclinacin inclinazione

dsintgration dplacement

Zerfall, Auseinanderfallen Verschiebung, Frdermenge (Pumpe)

desintegracin corrimiento, desplazamiento

disintegrazione spostamento

injection avec dplacement du sol pieu de dplacement

Verdrngungsinjektio n Verdrngungspfahl, Mantelreibungspfahl pilote de desplazamiento

iniezione dislocante/ per spostamento palo infisso

charge rpartie chantillon remani drivation

Verteilte Last gestrte Probe

carga repartida muestra alterada

carico distribuito campione disturbato deviazione

Umleitung, Ablenkung desvio

dock quipe de montage

Dock

muelle

molo, bacino

pieu avec dfaut de surface tasseau/faux pieux

duc d'Albe

Dalbe

duque de Alba

boa d'ormeggio, pilone di ormeggio

palplanches doubles batardeau Doppelwandfangeda mm ataguia de doble pared avandiga a doppio muro

marteau pilon double effet cheviller

drague pelle-dragline

Sog, Schleppe Schleppkbelbagger

arrastrar dragalina

draga gru a cingoli

saigne d'coulement affaissement Absenkung descenso del nivel de agua sfruttamento

draguer dragage

Nabagger

dragar

dragare

drive

Strmung, Stollen, deriva, galera Bohrlochabweichung

traiettoria

drive

Strmung, Stollen, deriva, galera Bohrlochabweichung

traiettoria

boulon de serrage

forer trou de forage

Bohrer, Bohrgert Bohrloch

sondear sondeo

trapano, perforatrice pozzo in corso di perforazione, foro di perforazione

pieu for

pieux fors

Bohrpfahl

pilotes de perforacin

pali trivellati

forage

Bohren

trivellare

fluid deforage/boue de Spulflussigkeit, forage Bohrsplung boue de forage Bohrflssigkeit, Bohrsplung boue de forage Dicksplung, Bohrschlamm outillage de sondage Bohrgert foncer rammen, abteufen

fango de sondeos

liquido /fango di trivellazione fluido di perforazione

lodo de perforacin fango di perforazione equipo de sondeo hincar attrezzatura di perforazione battere

pointe de fonage

Rammschuh

azuche

scarpa d'infissione, scarpa di battitura

tube de fonage

Vortreibrohr/Rammro hr

camicia d'infissione

casque d'ajustement serr

pieu battu fonage

Rammpfahl Einbringen/Eintrieben

pilote hincado

palo infisso, palo battuto infiggere, battere

frquence d'attaque/frquence pilote rapporte de battage Rammprotokoll parte de hinca rapporto d'infissione

point d'application rapporte de battage

Rammprotokoll

parte de hinca

rapporto d'infissione

rsistance dynamique au battage essai de battage mouton dclic

Rammwiderstand

resistencia a la penetracin ensayo de penetracin maza

resistenza all'infissione prova d'infissione, prova di battitura maglio

Rammversuch Rammfallbr, Freifallhammer

densit sche, poids volumetrique sec

Trockendichte

densidad seca

densit secca, peso di volume secco

poids volumetrique sec Trockengewicht

peso seco

peso secco

remblayage sec

mthode par voie sche

ductile

Streckbarkeit, Duktilitt

ductilidad

duttilit

durabilite

Dauerfestigkeit

durabilidad

durabilit

digue compactage dynamique force dynamique

Deich

dique

argine, diga

essai de chargement dynamique charge dynamique

dynamische Probeelastung dynamische Belastung

test di carico dinamico carga dinmica carico dinamico

essai de chargement dynamique de pieu sondage dynamique

dynamischer Pfahlversuch Echoloten, Rammsoudierung dynamische Prfung

test dinamico sul palo

ensayo dinmico de prova di penetrazione penetracin dinamica ensayo dinmico prova dinamica

essai dynamique

tarire

pousse des terres

Erddruck

empuje de tierras

spinta del terreno

charge excentre

exzentrische Belastung

carga excntrica

carico eccentrico

moment excentrique excentricite pression effective Exzentrizitaet wirksame Druckspannung excentricidad presin efectiva eccentricita pressione efficace

deformation lastique module d'lasticit lectrode lectro-osmose lvation remblai enrober

elastische Dehnung Elastizittsmodul Elektrode Elektro-Osmose

deformacin elstica mdulo de elasticidad electrodo electroosmosis

deformazione elastica modulo elastico elettrodo elettro-osmosi

Aufschttung, Damm terraplen einbetten incluir

terrapieno, rilevato inserire, incorporare, incastrare

encastrement

protection

Korrosionsschutzumh llung

incapsulare

embotement

palier de bout

pieu rsistant la pointe pertes d'nergie

Spitzendruckpfahl

pilote resistente por palo portante di punta la punta prdidas energticas perdite di energia

Energieverlust

gnie civil

Ingenieurwesen

ingeniera

ingegneria

gologie applique

Ingenieurgeologie

geologa ingenieril

geologia applicata

base largie

base largie air inclus rsines poxy

Fuaufweitung eingeschlossene Luft aire incluido Kunstharz resinas epoxis

punta allargata aria inglobata epossidi

quilibre quipement

Gleichgewicht Gert, Ausrstung

equilibrio equipo

equilibrio equipaggiamento, attrezzatura

vaporation dblais excavation

Verdunstung Aushubmaterial Baugrube, Ausschachtung, Bodenaushub excavateur Trockenbagger surpression interstitielle hydrostatischer berdruck orifices d'chappement

evaporacin material excavado excavacin

evaporazione materiale escavato escavazione, scavo

excavadora sobrepresin

escavatore pressione idrostatica eccedente

pieu expans

explosifs

Spengstoff

explosivos

esplosivi

force explosive

extension, spirale

extenssomtre/jauge de contrainte rsistance externe du tirant

Herausziehwiderstan d des Ankers

resistenza esterna di ancoraggio

extraction, prlvement Herausziehen extracteur

extraccin

estrazione

coefficient de scurit rsistance pondre de porte

Sicherheitsfaktor

coeficiente de seguridad

coefficiente de sicurezza

charge pondre rsistance pondre

rupture charge de rupture

Versagen, Bruch Bruchbelastung, Grenzlast

rotura carga de rotura

rottura, avaria carico di rottura

surface de rupture faux pieu

Bruchflche

superficie de rotura superficie di rottura

prise incomplte

"falsche" Erstarrung des Frischbetons

fraguado incompleto

falsa presa

chafaudage de coffrage fascine Flechtwerk, Buhne fajina fascina

faille

Verwerfung

falla

faglia, fagliamento

butoirs/heurtoirs

remblayage

Auffllboden, Aufschttung

relleno

riempimento, riporto

filler

Fller

filler

filler, materiale inerte di additivazione riempimento

remplissage gravitaire filtre tourteau de filtration

Verfllen Filter, Filterschicht filtro

filtro

perte de produit de filtrage

fines

Feinsand, Feinstoffe

finos

fini

mtode des lments finis fond solide clisse trpan/queue de poisson

Finite-Elemente mtodo de Berechnungsmethode elementos finitos fester Grund terreno firme

metodo degli elementi finiti base stabile, fondo fisso

injection de fissure

Kluftinjektion lunghezza d'incastro di ancoraggio momento de incastro perfetto empotramiento perfecto cimentacin flexible fondazione flessibile resistencia a la flexin forza di flessione, resistenza a flessione

longueur de scellement Krafteintragungslnge du tirant Einspannmoment

fondation flexible rsistance la flexion

elastiche Grndung Biegefestigkeit

fondation sur pieux flottants flocul sol flottaison coulement rseau de lignes de courant

schwimmende Pfahlgrndung flockenartig Decke, Gescho, Etage Flotation Strmung, Abflu, Durchflu Stromliniennetz

pilotaje flotante floculado piso, planta flotacin flujo red de filtracin

fondazione sospesa su pali flocculante piano flottazione , galleggiamento flusso rete di flusso

ligne d'coulement/ligne de coule nergie hydraulique

cendres volantes marteau mobile

Flugasche

ceniza volante

ceneri volanti

foliation

Schieferung

foliacin

fogliazione

faux pieu

(Ramm) jungfer, Schlagjungfer

seguidor

prolungi di battitura

semelle/embase coup selon systme pied-livre

Fundament

zapata

base d'appoggio, fondazione, plinto

chef d'quipe formation fondation

Formung, Aufbau, Schichtung Grndung, Fundament

formacin cimentacin, cimiento

formazione fondazione

fracture treillis

Bruch Rahmen

fractura prtico

frattura telaio

longueur libre du tirant Freie Ankerlnge

lunghezza libera di ancoraggio

gel, gele foss couvert/drain cailloux/drainage par rigoles remplies de matires filtrantes frquence Hufigkeit, Frequenz, frecuencia Schwingzahl Swasser brckliges Gestein Reibung Reibungspfahl frequenza

eau douce roche friable frottement pieu flottant

agua dulce acqua dolce roca friable roccia friabile rozamiento, friccin attrito pilote flotante palo portante per attrito

gel, gele limite de gel/de givrage action du gel

Frost

helada

gelo

gonflement d au gel

Frosthebung

entumecimiento por sollevamento per gelo la helada

vanne

Tor

compuerta

saracinesca

jauge

Messuhr

aparato de medida

indicatore, misuratore

gologie exploration gophysique gologue

Geologie geophysikalische Untersuchung

geologa prospeccin geofsica

geologia indagine geofisica

gotechnique rglette de guidage/clavette de calage traverse d'chafaudage

Geotechnik

geotecnia

geotecnica

poutre

Trger

viga

trave portante, trave maestra

dpt glaciaire dpt des rivires glaciaires argile moraines

Eiszeitablagerung eiszeitliche Fluablagerung

depsito glacial aluvin glacial

deposito glaciale dilavamento glaciale, deposito morenico

furet/scraper

grappin gradation

Abstufung, Kornverteilung

granulometra

gradazione

niveleuse

Strassenhobel

niveladora

classificatore, maicchina spianatrice forma dei grani granulometria ghiaia iniezione a gravit

forme des grains diamtre des grains gravier injection gravitaire mouton sec

Kornform Korngre Gerll, Schotter drucklose Verfllung Freifallhammer

forma de las partculas dimetro de los granos grava

maza de gravedad

martello a gravit, maglio a caduta libera

treillis de poutres poutres croises Fundament mit Profileisenraster broyer/triturer/ moudre zermahlen sable grossier en pi emparrillado piattaforma di fondazione reticolo di fondazione macinare

moler

niveau du sol

Gelndehhe

nivel del suelo

livello del terreno

surface du terrain naturel

Gelndeoberflche

superficie del terreno natural

superficie del terreno

eau souterraine/nappe Grundwasser souterraine surface de le nappe souterraine

agua subterranea

acqua di falda

effet de groupe lait de ciment / coulis

Gruppeneffekt Verpremrtel / Zementmrtel

efecto de grupo lechada (para inyeccin)

effetto di gruppo cemento liquido/ iniezione

voile d'injection

Dichtungsschleier

pantalla de inyeccin

cortina d'iniezione

injecter

Zementmrtel injezieren

inyectar

iniettare

injection sous pression Verpressen pression d'injection Injektionsdruck

iniettare pressione di iniezione

butoirs/heurtoirs

murettes-guides

Leitwnde

muro guida

hauban derrick maintenu par des tirants

mouton/marteau

Hammer, Ramme, Rammbr

martillo, martinete

martello

trpan benne

pince levier riper

sol dur impntrable

installation de transporte risque poutre en double T/poutre en I

fester Boden oberhalb von gewachsenem Fels Transportgerte Gerfahr

costra cementada, "hardpan" material de transporte riesgo

hardpan, livello molto cementato, crosta dura attrezzatura d'avanzamento pericolo, rischio

coin de serrage

couronnement d'un mur chaleur d'hydratation se soulever

Stirnwand Hydrationswme Hebung

muro di testa calor de hidratacin calore d'idratazione levantarse sollevamento, innalzamento

extracteur de carotte hlicodal point d'ancrage hlicodal

tarire, mche

Schneckenbohrer

barrena salomnica trivella ad elica

faux pieu/casque de battage htrogne verschiedenartig, heterogen heterogeneo eterogeneo

machine d'extraction

homogne pression horizontale (pousse)

gleichartig, homogen homogeneo horizontaler Erddruck empuje de tierras horizontal

omogeneo spinta orizzontale del terreno

pieux section en forme d'H

H-Profilpfahl

pilotes en H

palo con putrella a doppio T

Affaissement Conductivit remblai hydraulique fracturation hydraulique (injection de claquage) grappin Marteau hydraulique hydrologie Hydrologie hidrologa idrologia aufgesplter Boden Hydraulische Rissbildung (Claquage) relleno hidrulico riempimento idraulico fratturazione idraulica

pression du liquide/chute d'eau

glace et neige

Eis und Schnee

hielo y nieve

ghiaccio e neve

impact

Aufprall, Sto

impacto

impatto

impdance impermable undurchlssig impermeable impenetrabile

impermable tapis impermable

undurchlssig Dichtungsschicht

impermeable

impenetrabile

manto impermeable copertura impenetrabile

pieu inclin boussole d'inclinaison/inclinomt re

index

Inhaltsverzeichnis, Index

ndice

indice

durci dformation non lastique infilration

verhrtet nicht-elastische Verformung Einsickerung, Versickerung

endurecido deformacin inelstica infiltracin

indurito deformazione non elastica infiltrazione

ligne d'influence

prise iniciale

Abbindebeginn

fraguado inicial

inizio di presa

entre, accs ouverture/orifice d'entre

Eingang, Zugang, Bucht

entrada

immissione, entrata

pression d'alimentation sol inorganique anorganischer Boden suelo inorgnico terreno inorganico

sur le terrain/in situ pieu coul sur place

rsistance en place essai in situ inspection inspecteur

Festigkeit an Ort und resistencia in situ Stelle Prfung an Ortund ensayo in situ Stelle Banberwachung inspeccin

resistenza in sito test in sito, prova in sito ispezione

instruments de mesure Megertausrstung instrumentacin instruments de mesure Megertausrstung instrumentacin

strumentazione strumentazione

matrice rocheuse essai d'intgrit

ungestrtes Gestein Integrittsprfung

roca sana

roccia intatta test d'integrit

intergranulaire

zwischen den Bodenkrnern crochets des joints des Spundbohlenschlo palplanches mtalliques frottement interne innere Reibung

intergranular enclavamiento de las tablestacas rozamiento interno

intergranulare collegamento tra palancole attrito interno

radier essai pralable cric, vrin

Sohle

invert

arco rovescio test d'indagine martinetto

Untersuchungsprfun g Winde, Presse gato, gata

pieux vrins

hydraulisch eingepresster Fertigpfahl

pilotes hincados a presin

pali precompressi

vrinage

appareil de levage mchoires jet, racteur

hydraulische Pressgerte

aparato de elevacin

attrezzatura di precompressione

Dse

chorro

getto

pieux lancs

eingesplter Pfahl

pilotes hincados con lanza de agua

pali iniettati

jete/brise-lames/mle

joint rseau de fractures

Fuge Fugenanordung

junta patrn de diaclasamiento

giunto diaclasi

karst tige

Karst

karst

carsico

contre-poids clavette

kilonewton pieu central

poinon de fate

kilopound/1000 livres

brler

brlage pieu enrob

retard, dphasage

Holzbohlen

entrablonado, tablones de revestimiento

parete di tavole

bouillie de ciment

terre glissement de terrain

Land Erdrutschung

tierra corrimiento de tierras fuerzas laterales

terra frana, scivolamento di terreno forze laterali

forces latrales

seitliche Belastung

charge latrale pression latrale

Seitendruck

presin lateral

pressione laterale, spinta laterale

support latral

seitliche Absttzung

sostn lateral

supporto laterale, sostegno laterale strato lisciva

couche dlaver

Schicht auslaugen, durchsickern

capa lixiviar

arte avant/bord d'attaque

perte par Leckstelle, infiltration/fuite/dfaut Undichtigkeit d'tanchit bton faiblement dos en ciment leve Schutzdamm bras de levier lingue de levage aggrgats lgers Hebelarm

perdida por filtracin

perdita, percolato

malecn brazo de palanca

argine, diga braccio di leva aggregati leggeri

Leichtgewichtzuschla agregados ligeros gstoff

chaux, pierre calcaire

Kalk, Kalkstein

cal

calce, calcare

calcul limite graisseur/lubrificateur gaine, chemise

Grenzlastverfahren

anlisis del estado lmite

analisi limite

Hlse, Mantelrohr

rivestimento, incamiciatura

tubage fluidification

Auskleidung

entibacin

rivestire, incamiciare

rupture par liqufaction Versagen durch Bodenverflssigung liquide flssig, Flssigkeit limite de liquidit Fliegrenze indice de liquidit Fliekennzahl surcharge Verkehrslast

rottura per liquefazione liquido limite di liquidit indice di liquidit carico accidentale, sovraccarico charge Last, Ladung carga carico lment porteur Tragglied elemento di capacit portante capacit portante Bodenpressungstragf capacidad de carga capacit portante higkeit facteur de chargement Belastungsfaktor, factor de carga fattore di carico Sicherheitsfaktor

corrimiento por liquefaccin lquido lmite lquido ndice de fluidez sobrecarga

appareil mesurant les charges accroissement de charge perte de tension admissible

Belastungsanzeiger Laststufe Grenzkraftabfall

testigo de cargas incremento de carga

indicatore di carico incremento di carico perdita di carico limite

essai de charge, preuve de charge

Belastungsversuch

ensayo de carga

prova di carico

chargeur chargement et dchargement poutre d'essai dchargement essai statique courbe de charge courbe de charge terre glaise cluse traction de blocage

Ladegert

mquina cargadora caricatore, draga di caricamento Lastwechsel, Be-und carga y descarga carico e scarico Entladen Belastungsrahmen aparato de carga attrezzatura di carico

Lastsetzungskurve Lastsetzungskurve Lehm Schleuse, Schlo Festlegekraft

curva de cargasasientos curva de cargasasientos tierra arcillosa ligera esclusa

curva caricocedimento curva caricocedimento terriccio, argilla da mattoni serratura , chiusura bloccaggio/ carico di blocco

loess

loes

loess

bches

Tagebuch, Kantholz, Holzklotz locker

troncos, leos

registrazione dei dati di perforazione sciolto

meuble

flojo

ciment faible chaleur Zement mit niedriger d'hydratation Abbindewrme

cemento de bajo cemento a basso calor de hidratacin calore d'idratazione

graisser graisseur/lubrificateur

schmieren, len, einfetten

engrasar, lubricar

lubrificare, ingrassare

remblai essai de chargement par palier

aufgeschtteter Boden lastgesteuerte Probebelastung

terreno de relleno

terreno di riporto carico di prova costante

mandrin/burin

manchon, chemise

Mantel, Hlle, Verbindungsmuffe

manguito

manicotto del mandrino

taret/tarrde/ver de bateaux/xylophage marin dpt marin repre Meeresablagerung Festpunkt, Spur depsito marino deposito marino referencia fija, traccia, caposaldo di marca de referencia livellazione marga pantano marna palude, pantano

marne marais

Mergel Sumpf, Marsch

gros bton

Massenbeton

hormign en masa, calcetruzzo massivo concreto en masa

fondation sur radier

Fundamentplatte

cimentacin flotante fondazione a piastra (a platea)

mesure membrane maille

Aufma Membrane Masche

medicin, medida membrana malla

misura membrana apertura della maglia, rete

micropieu

Mikropfahl

pali radice, micro pali

assemblage, connexion de micropieu minraux

Verbindung

giunto del micro palo

Mineral, Gestein

minerales

minerali

mlang sur place mlangeur installation de mlange matriel mobile

an Ort und Stelle gemischt Mischer

mezclado "in situ"

mescolato in posto, miscelato insito mesclador, agitador miscelatore, mescolatore

module d'lasticit

bewegliches Gert, transportable Ausrstung Elastizittsmodul

equipo mvil

attrezzatura mobile

mdulo de elasticidad coeficiente de balasto hmedo humedad momento de inercia maza

modulo di elasticit

module de raction humide teneur en eau moment d'inertie mouton

Erdwiderstandsmodul , Bettungszahl feucht Feuchtigkeitsgehalt Trgheitsmoment Rammbr, Fallbr

modulo di sottofondo umido umidit momento d'inerzia maglio (di battipalo)

montmorillonite

pieu d'amarrage

moraine

Morne

morrena

morena

mortier

Mrtel

mortero

malta

marbr boue, vase

geadert Schlamm

veteado barro

screziato, variegato, varicolore fango, fango organico

boue, vase tourteau de filtration

Schlamm

barro

fango, fango organico

injection d'argile

Hohlrauminjektion

inyeccin de arcilla iniezione di miscele a base di argilla

vague de boue Schlammwelle abattage banquettes Stufensprengung multiples

ola de fango onda di fango voladura de brillamento su pi banqueo por etapas banchi

abattage files multiples

Reihensprengung

voladura de brillamento su pi file banqueo por lineas iniezione a pi stadi, riprese edificio alto, edificio multipiano

injection sous pression Nachverpressen repete btiment mehrstckiges Gebude

edificio alto

teneur en eau naturelle natrlicher Wassergehalt, Feuchtigkeitsgehalt

humedad natural

umidit naturale , contenuto d'acqua naturale

tranglement poutre aiguille

espacement des aiguilles

sous-pression de l'eau negativer interstitielle Porenwasserdruck

presin intersticial negativa

pressione dei pori negativa

frottement latral ngatif

negative Mantelreibung

resistenza all'attrito negativa

ligne de limite d'coulement

mamelon

Nippel

nipplo

essais non destructifs injection sans dplacement du sol

zerstrungsfreie ensayos no Prfung destructivos Verdrngungsfreie injektion (Injektion ohne Baugrundverdrngun g)

prove non distruttive iniezione non dislocante

consolid normalement normalkonsolidiert

consolidado normalmente

normalmente consolidato

puits d'observation

Beobachtungsbrunne pozo de n observacin

pozzo d'osservazione, pozzo spia

graisseur/lubrificateur

pieu omga

caisson ouvert tranche ouverte benne polype

offener Senkkasten nichtausgesteifte Baugrube

cajon abierto excavacin abierta

cassone aperto scavo aperto, trincea

matria organica

organische Stoffe

materia orgnica

materiale organico

oscillateur

Oszillator

oscilador

oscillatore

osmose

Osmose

osmosis

osmosi

affleurement (gol.) plaine d'alluvions

zutageliegend Kiesfeld, Sandfeld

afloramiento (geol.) affioramento llanura aluvial superficie di dilavamento, piana fluvioglaciale sovrascavo sovrascavo

surexcavation surabattage

Mehraushub Mehrausbruch

sobreexcavacin sobreexcavacin

surcharge

berlagerung, Deckschicht

montera, terreno di copertura sobrecarga de tierra

surconsolid

berkonsolidiert

apisonado en exceso

sovraconsolidato

enfonage trop avant

surcharge

berlastung

sobrecarga

sovraccarico

excdent de contrainte berschreiten der zulssigen Spannungen

exceso de tensin

sovrasollecitazione

pression manomtrique en psi coussin/patin panneau

Schlitzwandelement

pannello

dimension des grains

Teilchengre

dimensin de los granos

granulometria, dimensione delle particelle

vitesse des grains

pression de bute

Erdwiderstand, passiver Erddruck

empuje pasivo de tierras

spinta passiva del terreno

graviers rouls rsistance maximale au cisaillement tourbe

erbsengroer Kies

pinoncillo

tondo pisello (ghiaino)

Spitzenscherkraftfesti resistencia mxima resistenza al taglio di gkeit al corte picco Torf turba torba

croc levier/grappin caillou/pierraille socle, pdestal Kieselstein Sockel morrillos pedestal ciottolo piedestallo

corc/droul

injection de pntration Eindringinjektion protocole de pntration rsistance la pntration essai de pntration Rammprotokoll parte de hinca

Eindringungswidersta resistencia a la nd penetracin Rammsondenversuch ensayo de penetracin

iniezione a penetrazione registrazione dell'avanzamento resistenza all'avanzamento prova di penetrazione

appareil pntromtre Eindringungsmesser

penetrmetro

penetrometro

pourcentage en poids

Gewichtsprozente

nappe d'eau suspendue filtration

gespannter Grundwasserspiegel

tanto por ciento en peso, porcentage en peso nivel de aguas colgadas

percentuale in peso

falda idrica sospesa

sondage percussion

Versickerung, fibracin Porenwasserstrmun g Schlagbohrung sondeo de trpano

percolazione

perforazione a percussione

rendement mcanique

gel permanent

Dauerfrost

terreno helado permanentemente

permafrost, gelo perenne ancoraggio permanente permeabilit iniezione di permeazione (impregnante)

tirant d'ancrage permanent permabilit injection d'imprgnation pH (potentiel Hydrogne)

Daueranker Durchlssigkeit, Permeabilitt Poreninjektion (Imprgntion durch Porenverfllung) permeabilidad

ligne phratique, niveau -pilier/jete/mle/quai

Sickerlinie, oberflche

linea fretica

superficie freatica

fondation ou base d'une jete ou d'un puits pizomtre

Pfeilergrndung

arranque de un espign piezometro

fondazione di pile, fondazione a pozzo piezometro

Pegel

hauteur, charge Pegelhhe pizomtrique surface pizomtrique Pegelniveau

altura piezomtrica altezza piezometrica nivel piezomtrico superficie piezometrica

furet/rcleur

pieu

Pfahl

palo

sonnette pouvoir portant des pieux

Rammgerst Pfahltragfhigkeit

machina carga de hundimiento de un pilote

attrezzatura per l'infissione dei pali capacit portante del palo

casque (pieux)

Pfahlkopfplatte

encepado

piastra di collegamento di pali, pulvino

engin de battage/membre du personnel de l'quipe de battage battage de pieux

Pfahlrammen

hinca de pilotes

infissione di pali, battitura di pali

formule de battage

Rammformel

frmula de hinca

formula dinamica per pali infissi

resistance d'un pieu au Rammwiderstand battage

resistencia dinmica de un pilote

resistenza all'infissione dei pali

extraction d'un pieu extracteur de pieux/engin d'arrachage

Pfahlziehen

extraccin de pilotes

estrazione dei pali

foundation sur pieux

Pfahlgrndung

cimentacin por pilotaje

fondazione su pali

grillage sur pilotis

groupe de pieux mouton

Pfahlgruppe Pfahlrammhammer, Rammbr

grupo de pilotes maza de hinca de pilotes

gruppo di pali martello battipalo, maglio da battipalo

arrache-pieux

essai de chargement de pieu

Pfahlbelastungsversu ensayo de carga ch sobre pilotes

prova di carico su pali

mouton

Rammbr, Fallbr

maza

maglio (di battipalo)

tuyau

Rohr

tubo

canale, tubazione

pipeline/canalisation renard (rosion interne) piston

Rohrleitung

oleoducto

condotto, tubazione sifonamento

Rohrnetz, Verrohrung sifonamiento

sonde piston fosse, puits

Hohlkolbenprobeentn tomamuestras de ehmer pistn Grube, Baugrube prstamo, foso

campionatore a pistone buca, cava, scavo, pozzetto

dblais

Boden aus der Grube todo uno

materiale escavato

surface de moindre rsistance dformation plane

schwache plano de debilidad Schnittebene ebener deformacin plana Verformungszustand Tonbeton

piano di debolezza deformazione piana

bton plastique

calcestruzzo plastico

paroi moule en bton Tonbetonschlitzwand plastique dformation plastique plastische deformacin Verformung plstica limite de plasticit Plastizittsgrenze, lmite plstico Ausrollgrenze sol plastique plastischer Boden suelo plstico plasticit Plastizitt plasticidad

muro di calcestruzzo plastico deformazione plastica limite di plasticit terreno plastico plasticit

indice de plasticit essai de charge sur plaque bouchon, tampon, cheville pieu l'aplomb caisson pneumatique

Plastizittszahl Plattendruckversuch Verschlu, Dbel

ndice de plasticidad ensayo de carga con placa tapn

indice di plasticit prova di carico su piastra tappo

Druckluftsenkkasten

cajon de aire comprimido

cassone pneumatico

pieu-colonne effort de pointe

Fupressungspfahl, Spitzendruckpfahl Punktlast

pilote resistente por palo portante di punta su punta fuerza concentrada carico di punta en la punta

rsistance la pointe coefficient de Poisson polymre

Spitzenwiderstand Poissonsche Zahl Polymer

resistencia por la resistenza di punta punta mdulo de Poisson rapporto di Poisson polimero polimero

former une mare

Teich

embalsar

stagno

mal calibr, -- tri

schlecht abgestuft, schlecht gekrnt

mal graduado

mal gradato, assortito

disparition de la pression interstitielle

Porenwasserdruckauf disipacin de las lsung presines intersticiales

dissipazione della pressione dei pori

pression de l'eau interstitielle porosit Panneau prcontrainte postrieure prcontrainte postrieure/posttension tarires mcaniques

Porenwasserdruck Porositt

presin intersticial del agua porosidad

pressione dell'acqua dei pori porosit

Kraftlffelbohrer

barrenas de motor

trivelle meccaniche

groupe/centrale hydraulique

prsondage

Vorbohrung

sondeo previo

preforo

bton prfabriqu

Betonfertigteil

hormign prefabricado

paroi prfabrique en Fertigteilschiltzwand bton pieu prfabriqu Betonfertigpfahl

calcestruzzo preconfezionato, prefabricato muro diaframma di calcestruzzo prefabbricato pilotes de hormign pali in calcestruzo prefabricado preconfezionato

prcompression prconsolidation pression de prconsolidation

Vorbelastungdruck Vorkonsolidierung Vorkonsolidierungsdr uck

precompresin preconsolidacin presin de preconsolidacin

precompressione preconsolidazione pressione di preconsolidazione

prfabrication

Fertigbauweise, Vorfertigung

prefabricacin

prefabbricazione

pr-allumage/autoallumage tude prliminaire micropieu prliminaire

Voruntersuchung VorversuchsMikropfahl (Probepfahl 1) Probepfahl

estudio preliminar

indagine preliminare micropalo preliminari

pieu prliminaire

palo preliminare

chargement prliminaire

Vorbelastung

carga previa

precarico

pieu ballast inject conservation prdcoupage

Prepacked-Pfahl Konservierung Vorspaltung conservacin precorte

palo prefabbricato preservazione prerottura, conservazione, pretaglio pressione pressione a riposo

pression pression statique au repos bulbe de pression jauge de contrainte

Druck, Pressung Ruheerddruck Druckzwiebel Druckanzeiger, Manometer

presin, empuje empuje en reposo

bulbo de presines bulbo di pressione piezmetro indicatore di pressione, manometro

hauteur de la chute d'eau/charge d'eau

prcontraindre pieu prcontraint

Vorspannung

pretensar

presollecitazione, precompresso

prcontrainte

pieu bton fil prcontraint

prcontrainte

consolidation primaire

Primrkonsolidierung consolidacin primaria

consolidazione primaria

projet traction d'preuve support, appui

Projekt Prfkraft Sttze, Steife

proyecto

progetto carico di prova puntello, sbadacchio, puntone protezione rivestimento protettivo, pittura protettiva

puntal

protection couches protectrices

Schutz Schutzbeschichtung

proteccin capas protectoras

corroi d'argile

Lehmschlag

arcilla de tejar

argilla compattata

essai de traction pompe bton pomp

Zugversuch, Ausziehversuch Pumpe Pumpbeton

ensayo de arranque prova di estrazione bomba pompa hormign calcestruzzo pompato bombeado, concreto bombeado ensayo de agotamiento prova di pompaggio

essai de pompage

Pumpversuch

essai, prealable contrle de qualit carriere quartz quai mur de quai boulance chaux vive

Eignungsprfung Qualittsberwachun g Steinbruch Quarz Kai Kaiwand Flieerscheinung ungelschter Kalk

ensayo previo control de calidad cantera quarzo muelle muro de muelle sifonamiento cal viva

test di idoneit controllo di qualit caua, petraia quarzo molo banchina liquefazione limi sciolti mobili

sable boulant

Fliesand

arena movediza

sabbie mobili

mouton

Rammbr, Fallbr

maza

maglio (di battipalo)

foundation sur radier

Plattengrndung

cimentacin flotante fondazione a platea

voie ferre

Eisenbahn

ferrocarril

ferrovia

tanon oblique

pieu inclin pilon, dame

Ramme

pisn

battipalo, mazzapicchio, pestello

pilon, dame

Ramme

pisn

battipalo, mazzapicchio, pestello

vidange rapide/vitesse Schnellabsenkung de baisse du niveau d'eau

descenso rpido o repentino

abbassamento rapido

tachymtre, compteur Registrierapparat velocmetro de vitesse vitesse de chargement Belastungsgeschwind velocidad de carga igkeit

indicatore di velocit velocit di carico

als

ausgebohrt, Locherweitern

escariado

alesato

rebond

courbe de gonflement

Entlastungskurve

curva de entumecimiento cargar reiteradamente recompresin recuperacin

curva di rimbalzo, curva di scarico ricarico ricompressione recupero

recharger recompression

Wiederbelasten

Druckwiederholung, Wiederverdichtung pourcentage de carotte Wiedergewinnung refus

semelle rectangulaire point de rfrence

rechteckiges Fundament Bezugspunkt

zapata rectangular

base di fondazione rettangolare punto de referencia punto di riferimento

pieu en bton arm

Stahlbetonpfahl

pilote de hormign o concreto armado

palo in calcestruzzo armato terra armata muro bentonitico rinforzato

terre arme bewehrte Erde tierra armada paroi moule en coulis Bewehrte arm Einphasenschlitzwan d armature/renforcement densit relative relaxation relative Dichte Entspannung densidad relativa relajacin

densit relativa rilassamento

puits de dcharge ou de dcompression

Entlastungsbrunnen

pozo de descarga

pozzo di alleggerimento, pozzo ausiliario

charge rpte

wiederholte Belastung carga repetida

carichi ripetuti

contrainte rsiduelle

Restspannung

tensin remanente

sforzo residuo

rsine rsistance

Harz

restina

resina

moment resistant frquence de rsonnance re-battre un pieu

widerstehendes Moment Resonanzfrequenz

momento resistente momento de resistenza frecuencia de frequenza di resonancia risonanza

mur de soutnement

Sttzmauer

muro de muro di sostegno, sostenimiento, muro paratia de contencin agente retardante additivo ritardante

retardateur Verzgerungsmittel injection d'eau en sens inverse

forage avec injection d'eau en sens inverse

sondeuse radier de fondation rigide mur rigide

starre Grndungsplatte starre Wand

solera rgida, cimentacin rgida muro rgido

fondazione rigida muro rigido, paratia rigida

enrochement

Steinschttung, Steinwurf Fels

escollera

roche, roc

roca

fondazione subacquea in pietrame alla rinfusa roccia

ancrage boulons d'ancrage

Felsanker

anclaje en roca

ancoraggio per roccia bullone per roccia

Felsanker, Felsnagel perno para roca

remblai rocheux tige, tringle, barre forage par rotation fleuret en losange torsad

Steinaufschttung Stange, Stab

pedraplen barra

inerte gradato per dighe in terra asta

forage rotary

Rotationsbohrung

perforation par rotation- Drehschlagbohrung percussion rotation range de pieux Drehung, Rotation Pfahlreihe

sondeo rotativo sin testigo perforacin por percusin y rotacin rotacin fila de pilotes escorrentia rotura

perforazione a rotazione perforazione a rotopercussione rotazione linea di pali, fila di pali deflusso rottura

coulement Oberflchenabflu rupture Bruch, Platzen patte de fixation/sabot d'appui

charge admissible

zulssige Last

carga admisible

carico ammissibile

coefficient de scurit

Sicherheitsfaktor

coeficiente de seguridad

fattore di sicurezza

marge de scurit

sels chantillon

Salze Probe, Muster

sales muestra alteracin de las muestras durante la toma cucharilla para toma de muestras tubo de testigo arena

sali campione disturbo del campionamento cucchiaia campionatrice tubo campionatore, fustella sabbia

remaniement lors de la Entnahmestrung prise d'echantillon cuiller pour prise d'echantillon carottier sable Entnahmelffel, Rohrsonde Entnahmerohr Sand

drains de sable pieu de sable sol satur

Sandabflurinne, Sanddrn Sandpfahl gesttigter Boden

drenes de arena pilote de arena suelo saturado

dreni in sabbia palo in sabbia terreno saturo

echelle scarificateur escarp domaine de travail

Matab Aufreipflug, Aufreier Steilhang

escala escarificador escarpe

bilancia scarificatore scarpata

affouillement

ausplen, untersplen Erdlader, Erdeschrfgert Sieb

socavacin

erosione superficiale, scalzamento ruspa crivello, retino, vaglio

dcapeuse, scraper tamis

robadera, scraper pantalla

pieu vis niveau de la mer digue

Schraubpfahl Meeresspiegel Mole

pilote de rosca nivel del mar muro costero

pali ad elica livello del mare muro a mare, parete a mare

sceller effet saisonnier pieu transversal

abdichten jahreszeitlicher Einflu

sellar efecto estacional

sigillatura, sbarramento effetto stagionale

compression secondaire

Sekundrdruckbelast consolidacin ung secundaria

compressione secondaria, cedimento secondario

panneau secondaire coupe roche sdimentaire matire en suspension percolation

Schnitt Sedimentgestein

seccin roca sedimentaria

sezione roccia sedimentaria

Durchsickerung, Versickerung

filtracin

filtrazione

courant de filtration sparation

Sickerwasserstrmun corriente de g filtracin

flusso di filtrazione

tude sismique recherche par mthode sismique

Seismologische Berechnung

diseo ssmico

progetto sismico

clrit sismique sismographe

seismische Geschwindigkeit

velocidad de ondas velocit sismica ssmicas

sismomtre coulis autodurcissant poids propre

Seismometer Selbsterhrtende Suspension Eigengewicht

sismmetro

sismometro bentonite auto indurenete peso proprio

peso propio

argile sensible au remaniement sensibilit capteur

strukturempfindlicher arcilla susceptible Ton

argilla sensitiva

Empfangsapparat, captor Mefhler suite de couches ou de Aufeinanderfolge der sucesin de los bancs Schichten estratos

sensore successione di strati, sequenza di strati

prise (matriaux) tassement

Abbindung Setzung

fraguado (materiales) asiento

messa a punto cedimento

calcul du tassement courbe de tassement mesure de tassement plaque repre de tassement point de dilatation

Setzungsanalyse Setzungskurve Setzungsmessung Setzungsplatte

clculo de los asientos curva de asiento

analisi del cedimento curva di cedimento

medida del asiento misura del cedimento placas testigos de asientos piano di assestamento

stabilisation gout manille puits diamtre du ft

Abwasserleitung

colector, desage

fogna

Schacht Pfahldurchmesser

pozo

albero, asta, pozzo diametro del pozzo

schiste Tonschiefer tranche peu profonde flacher Aushub fondation en surface effort de cisaillement contrainte de cisaillement essai de cisaillement resistance au cisaillement palplanche Flachgrndung Scherkraft Schubspannung, Scherspannung Abscherversuch Scherfestigkeit

pizarra arcillosa trinchera somera

schisto argilloso taglio superficiale, scavo superficiale cimentacin somera fondazione superficiale corte forza di taglio esfuerzo cortante sollecitazione altaglio prova di taglio resistenza al taglio, taglio

resistencia al esfuerzo cortante

rideau de palplanches Spundwand

pared tablestacada paratia con palancole, palancolata tablestacado diaframma di cortaguas palancole pared tablestacada muro di palancole, palancolata tablestacado palificata, revistimento con palancolata

parafouille tanche en Spundwandsporn palplanches rideau de palplanches Spundwand palplanche Verbau

bouclier taret/terrde/ver de bateaux

plan/dessin d'excution tayage bton projet

Absttzung Spritzbeton

apuntalamiento hormign lanzado

puntellamento calcestruzzo proiettato, calcestruzzo spruzzato pala, badile, draga ritiro

pelle retrait

Schaufel Schwinden

pala, lampa retraccin

raynures/rglettes latrales frottement latral Seitenreibung friccin lateral attrito laterale

tamis

analyse granulomtrique graisseur comptegouttes dbit visible palplanche vrine silice silt

Siebanalyse

anlisis granulomtrico por tamizado

analisi granulometrica per vagliatura

Kieselsure, Silika Schluff

slice limo

silice silt, limo

dpt de silt

Verschlammung

rellenarse de fango insabbiamento, deposito di limo

emplacement du chantier

Baustelle

ubicacin de la obra sito, luogo cantiere

recherche sur place

Untersuchung der Baustelle

reconocimientos en indagine in sito obra

frottement superficiel

Mantelreibung

rozamiento superficial, friccin superficial

resistenza all'attrito

Jupe

plaque/mche

Platte, Decke

losa, aligerado

soletta

ardoise

Schiefer

pizarra

argilloscisto, ardesia

miroir de surface glissement

Gleitschicht espejo de falla Rutschung, Abgleiten corrimiento

specchio di faglia scivolo, piano inclinato, frana

orifice pour linguer glissement

Erddrutsch

corrimiento

scorrimento

surface de glissement

Erddrutschflche, Gleitflche pente, talus, inclinaison Bschung rupture de talus Bschungsbruch

superficie de corrimiento talud, inclinacin caida de un talud

superficie di scorrimento scarpata, pendenza rottura del pendio, franamento di pendio

protection des talus rainure

Bschungssicherung proteccin de taludes Schlitz ranura

protezione del pendio fessura apertura

vase/fange affaissement Ausbreitma asiento, hundimiento cedimento, scivolamento, frana, abbassamento fango, miscela

boue

Bentonitmischung

pasta

parois moules

Schlitzwand

muro calado

slurry trench wall

paroi moule en coulis Einphasenschlitzwan d

muro bentonitico

sol sensible au dtrempage

sol tendre sol

weicher Boden

suelo blando

terreno molle, terreno tenero

ancrage/scellement

sondage de sol carotte de sondage sol-ciment Erdbodenzement, suelo-cemento Bodenvermrtelung caractristiques du sol Bodenklassifizierung, caractersticas del Bodenmerkmale suelo cemento del terreno caratteristiche del terreno

gologue investigation

Bodenaufschlu

reconocimiento del esplorazione del terreno terreno

mcanique des sols

Bodenmechanik

mecnica de suelos meccanica del terreno

humidit du sol

Bodenfeuchtigkeit

humedad del suelo umidit del terreno

particule de sol

Bodenteilchen

partcula del suelo

grani del terreno, particele profilo stratigrafico

profil stratigraphique

Bodenprofil

perfil del suelo

appareil de sondage de sol

stabilisation du sol

Bodenstabilisierung

estabilizacin del suelo

stabilizzazione del terreno

couchis, semelles

Stahltrger

peones, estemples trave d'armatura verticales berlinaise

Stahltrgerbohlenverb au, Berliner Bauweise

essai d'ausculatation Ultraschallversuch im sonique par Pfahl transparence Fonage par vibrations acoustiques

carotaggio sonico

essai d'ausculatation sonique par rflexion

Ultraschallversuch

prova sonica

sondage

Sondierung

sondage

scandaglio

carteur sparation, intervalle portee poids spcifique spcification

Abstandhalter Abstand separacin Spannweite luz, tramo spezifisches Gewicht peso especfico Leistungsbeschreibun especificacin g

distanziatore interasse, distanza portata, arco peso specifico specifica

spcimen mandrin pieu bois

Probe

muestra

provino, campione

point de jonction/jointure

cuiller fente

geteilte aufklappbare tomamuestras Entnahmesonde partido

divisore di campioni (per quartatura), fustella

matriau d'excavation

chantillon pris la cuiller fondation superficielle (radier, semelle)

Lffelprobe, Sondenprobe flache Grndung

muestra tomada con cucharilla cimentacin por superficie

campione (ottenuto per quartatura) fondazioni estese, fondazione superficiale molla, sorgente

source

Quelle, Feder

fuente

perforateur percussion/trpan

perforation

stabilit suspension stable

Stabilitt stabile Suspension

estabilidad

stabilit sospensione stabile

construction par tapes Bauablauf in Bauabschnitten jalonnement/bornage tanon/contrefiche/soutien

construccin por etapas

costruzione a fasi

normes tube vertical

Niveau, Richtlinien, Norm Standrohr, Steigrohr

normas tubo piezomtrico

norme collo d'oca, piezometro, pozzo di misura prova di carico statico prova di carico statico prova di carico statico

essai de chargement statique essai statique de mise en charge essai statique de mise en charge essai de chargement statique de pieu

statische Probebelastung statischer Belastungsversuch statischer Belastungsversuch statische Probebelastung

ensayo de carga esttico ensayo de carga esttico

prova statica sul palo

mouton vapeur

Dampframmbr

maza de vapor

battipalo, maglio a vapore acciaio

acier

Stahl

acero

pieu en acier

Stahlpfahl

pilote de acero

palo in acciaio

pices de renforcement/raidisseu rs argile raide fissure steifer geklfteter Ton arcilla firme fisurada argilla rigida fessurata raideur etrier pierre, roche Steifigkeit Bgel Stein rigidez estribos piedra rigidezza staffe pietra, sasso

dformation

comparateur, extensomtre, jauge de dformation clouage de liteaux strate, couche force, rsistance, solidit contrainte, tension concentration des contraintes distribution des contraintes

Deformation pro Lngeneinheit, Anstrengung Dehnungsmesser

deformacin

deformazione

testigo de deformacin

indicatore di deformazione

Schicht Festigkeit Spannung

estrato resistencia tensin

strato forza, resistenza sforzo, sollecitazione concentrazione dello sforzo distribuzione degli sforzi

Spannungskonzentrat concentracin de ion tensiones Spannungsverteilung distribucin de las tensiones

courbe contraintedformation direction/orientation

SpannungsDehnungs-Kurve

curva de tensines curva sforzoy deformaciones deformazione

fil plomb traverse fondation sur semelle filante course fissuration (de btiment) structure, ouvrage tai, contre-fiche Streifenfundament cimentacin por zapata corrida averias de una estructura estructura puntal fondazione a strisce (nastriforme) danno strutturale struttura diagonale, puntello, contrasto rigido

bauliche Schden Bauwerk Steife, Strebe

tai, contre-fiche soubassement

Steife, Strebe

puntal

Untergrund, Unterbau subsuelo

diagonale, puntello, contrasto rigido sottosuolo, sottofondo

densit immerge, Raumgewicht unter dejauge Wasser affaissement, Senkung, Nachlassen effondrement sous-sol Untergrund reconnaissance du baugrundtechnische sous-sol, investigation --Untersuchung sous-sol unter der Oberflche

densidad sumergida peso di volume sommerso subsidencia subsidenza subsuelo sottosuolo reconocimiento del esplorazione del subsuelo sottosuolo subsuelo sotterraneo, sotto la superficie

succion essai de contrle puisard

Ansaugen Eignungsprfung Senkgrube, Pumpensumpf

succin foso, colector de aguas

aspirazione test d'idoneit pozzo collettore

pompe de puisard appui Sttze apoyo supporto

fluide d'excavation surcharge

Sttzende Flssigkeit Auflast sobrecarga

fluido di supporto sovraccarico

force de surface

Oberflchenkraft

fuerza de superficie forza superficiale

onde de surface relevs arpenteur/ingnieur gomtre suspension pieu estamper

Oberflchenwelle Vermessung

onda superficial levantamientos

onda superficiale perizia

Suspension

suspensin

sospensione

essai de systme brocher

Systemprfung

test di sistema

rservoir Behlter, Tank pieu en pointe/conique

depsito

cisterna

temprature tirant d'ancrage provisoire mur temporaire armature

Temperatur Kurzzeitanker

temperatura

temperatura ancoraggio temporaneo

Zugglied

trefolo

longueur de scellement Verankerungslnge de l'armature de Zuggliedes longueur libre de l'armature Freie Stahllnge

lunghezza di fondazione del trefolo lunghezza libera del trefolo

contrainte de traction Zugkraft rsistance la traction Zugfestigkeit contrainte de traction tension fissure de tension Zugspannung Zug Zugriss, Zugzone

fuerza de tensin resistencia a la traccin tensin negativa, traccin tensin, traccin grieta de tensin

forza di trazione resistenza a trazione sforzo di trazione tensione tensione di spaccatura, zona di frattura palo a trazione accino in tensione

pieu en traction taret/terrde/ver de bateaux

Zugpfahl Zugstahl

acero en traccin

terrasses faire un essai charge d'essai charge d'essai micropieu d'essai

Terrassenablagerung depsitos de terraza Versuch ensayar, ensayo Versuchslast Versuchslast AbnahmeversuchsMikropfahl (Probepfahl 3) carga de prueba carga de prueba

depositi terrazzati prova carico di prova carico di prova test sul micropalo

pieu d'essai

Probepfahl

test sul palo

procdure d'essai machine d'essai

Versuchsverfahren Prfgert

procedimiento de procedura della prova ensayo mquina de ensayo macchina di prova

texture

Gefge, textura Bodenstruktur, Textur

tessitura

thorie proprits thermiques

Theorie thermale Eigenschaften, Wrmeverhalten

teora propiedades trmicas

teoria propriet termali

carottier paroi mince dnnwandiges tomamuestras de Probeentnahmegert pared delgada thixotropie Thixotropie tixotropa

campionatore a pareti sottili tissotropia

clapet de rglage/vanne rgulatrice papillon mares tirant Tide, Gezeiten Verankerung, Bodenanker mareas tensor anclado marea tiranti

tirant sous-abattage

Zugstange festverbunden, dicht

tirante de anclaje hermtico

tirante (di collegamento) chiuso, a tenuta

moraine glacaire

umgelagerter Boden und Gerll, Mergel

till

till, detrito glaciale, morena glaciale

inclinomtre pilotis de bois

Neigungsmegert Holzpfahl

inclinmetro pilotes de madera

inclinometro palo in legno

courbe ou diagramme de tassement en fonction du temps pointe du pieu, sabot

Zeit-Setzungs-Kurve

curva de tiemposasientos

curva tempoassestamento

Pfahlspitze

azuche de un pilote, punta del palo punta de un pilote

rupture de base

Basisbruch

fallo de pie

rottura al piede

tolrance

plaque porte-nez terre vgtale mthode hirarchise

Mutterboden

tierra vegetal

terreno superficiale

couple

torsion

Torsion

torsin

torsione

dflecteur

manomtre/capteur

Vermittler, Energiewandler

transductor

trasduttore

zone de transition

bergangzone

zona de transicin

zona di transizione

bton coul sous l'eau Kontraktorbeton, Unterwasserbeton

hormign colocado calcestruzzo gettato con tubo-tolva contubo getto

tranche trpan/foret couronne 1. pont mont sur chafaudage

Graben, Schlitz

trinchera

trincea

micropieu defaisabilit EignungsversuchsMikropfahl (Probepfahl 2) pieu a faisabilit Probepfahl distrubtion triangulaire dreieckige Lastverteilung appareil triaxial cellule triaxiale Triaxialgert Probe fr dreiachsigen Druckversuch dreiachsiger Druckversuch carga repartida triangularmente aparato triaxial

microplai prova

pali prova distribuzione triangolare dei carichi

apparecchiatura triassiale cdula triaxil, triaxial cella triassiale

essai triaxial

ensayo de compresin triaxial

prova di compressione triassiale

tricne

2. appareil dclencheur

tube--manchettes

Manschettenrohr

tubo valvolato

dalle arme selon deux zweiachsig gespannte losa armada en dos soletta armata in due directions Platte direcciones direzione

charge limite de rupture, charge portante limite

Grenzpressungsbelas resistencia lmite de resistenza al carico di tung rotura rottura, capacita portante limite

charge limite de rupture

Bruchlast, Grenzlast

carga lmite de rotura

carico di rottura, carico limite

pieu for rsistance la compression sans contrainte latrale Druckfestigkeit mit Querdehnung resistancia a la compresin sin constriccin lateral resistenza alla compressione semplice

essai de compression triaxiale rapide

unverfestigter direkter ensayo sin Scherversuch, consolidacin ni Schnellversuch drenaje

prova non consolidata - non drenata

drains sous chausse souterrain

Sickerdrainage

subdren

Untergrund, subterrneo unterirdisch reprise en sous oeuvre Fundamentuntersttz recalce ung, Unterfangung

dreno, sottofondo drenante sottosuolo sottomurazione

puits base largie

infiltration subaquatique

mit Kleinem Durchmeer vorgebohrte Pfahl Untersickergung Unterwasser

pilote de base ensanchada

palo alesato

filtracin atravs de sottofiltrazione, la cimentacin filtrazione dal fondo subacutico subacqueo

chantillon intact rsistance au cisaillement teneur en eau constante compression uniaxial

ungestrte Bodenprobe undrainierte Scherfestigkeit einachsiger Druck

muestra inalterada resistencia al esfuerzo cortante, sin consolidacin compresin unidimensional

campione indisturbato resistenza al taglio non drenata

systme de classification USCS

vereinheitlichte Bodenklazifizierung

compressione monoassiale (uniassiale) clasificacin classificazione dei unificada de suelos terreni unificata coefficiente di uniformit terreno uniformemente gradato peso unitario

coefficient d'uniformit Ungleichfrmigkeitsgr coeficiente de (de Hazen) ad uniformidad sol granulomtrie uniforme Boden mit suelo gleichmiger uniformemente Korngrenverteilung graduado Raumgewicht densidad

poids unitaire

sous-pression

Hebung, Sohlwasserdruck

subpresin

sollevamento

pieux d'ancrage sous-pressions

Zugpfahl Sog, Hebedruck, Auftrieb Unterdruck, Vakuum Flgelapparat, Flgelsonde

pilotes de traccin subpresiones

pali a trazione pressione di sollevamento vuoto apparecchiatura vane, scissometro

vide appareil palettes

vaco sonda de molinete

argile stratife

Bnderton

arcilla listada

agille a varve

extensomtres corde Schwingungsspannun testigo de cuerda vibrante gsmegert vibrante

estensimetro a corda vibrante

vibration appareil de fonage/d'extraction par vibrations

Schwingung

vibracin

vibrazione

vibrofonceur fonage des pieux par Pfhleinrtteln vibration compactage par vibrations

hinca de pilotes por infissione a vibrazione vibracin

vibroflottation

Rtteldruckverfahren vibroflotacin

vibroflottazione

branche de premire compression du diagramme viscosit

Erstdrucklastkurve

curva de compresin noval viscosidad

curva di compressione vergine viscosit

Viskositt

examen vue vide indice des vides

visuelle Untersuchung exmen a simple vista Hohlraum, Pore poro Porenzahl ndice de poros

ispezione visiva vuoto, poro rapporto (indici) dei vuoti

volcan Vulkan volume Volumen, Inhalt changement de volume Volumennderung

volcn volmen variacin de volmen

vulcano volume cambiamento (variazione) di volume

madrier

Gurt

carrera, durmiente

trave orizzontale

frottement contre un mur paisseur de mur sondage par injection

Wandreibung

rozamiento de tierras con fbrica sondeo por inyeccin de agua

attrito terra-muro

Splbohrung

foro di lavaggio , sondaggio a circolazione d'acqua acqua di lavaggio foro di lavaggio , sondaggio a circolazione d'acqua contenuto d'acqua

eau de lavage sondage par injection

Splwasser Splbohrung

agua de inyeccin sondeo por inyeccin de agua humedad

teneur en eau

Wassergehalt

jet d'eau/forage au jet surface de la nappe souterraine fluctuation de la nappe Schwankung des oscilacin del nivel aquifre, phratique Grundwasserspiegels fretico rapport eau-ciment aquifre rapport eau-ciment Wasser-ZementFaktor wasserfhrend Wasser-ZementFaktor relacin aguacemento con agua relacin aguacemento

fluttuazioni della superficie di falda rapporto acquacemento acquifero rapporto acquacemento

niveau d'eau impermable mur tanche l'eau/mur d'tanchit onde, vague quation d'onde

Wasserstand, Pegelstand wasserdicht

nivel del agua impermeable

livello dell'acqua a tenuta d'acqua, impermeabile

Welle

onda, ola

onda

longueau d'onde

Wellenlnge

longitud de onda

lunghezza d'onda

clrit des ondes

Wellengeschwindigke velocidad de onda it Boden mit geringer Tragfhigkeit suelo blando

velocit d'onda

sols sans consistance

terreno poco resistente

altration

Verwitterung

meteorizacin

alterazione (alle intemperie) cuneo incuneamento foro di sfogo perdita di peso pozzo pozzo rivestito well point

coin, cale Keil coinage, coincement, Verkeilung calage barbacanes Entwsserungsloch perte en poids puits blindage de puits puits filtrant Gewichtsverlust Brunnen Brunnenverrohrung, Futterrohr Brunnen mit Pumpenbetrieb Brunnenfilter

cua acuado mechinal prida de peso pozo entibacin de un pozo tubo filtrante

filtre de puits procd par voie humide

tubera perforada para pozo

porzione finestrata del pozzo

mle/brise-lames structures de quai Kaikonstruktionen, Kaianlagen obras portuarias banchina, pontile

larges ailes ou semelles

bois pieu en bois agents protecteurs du bois facilit de mise en oeuvre

Holz Holzpfahl Holzschutzmittel Verarbeitbarkeit

madera pilote de madera preservadores de la madera docilidad

legno palo in legno conservanti per legno lavorabilit

niveau de travail

Arbeitsebene

piano di lavoro micropalo di lavoro palo di lavoro rayos-x fluencia raggi-x resa, rendimento, snervamento limite di snervamento tensione snervamento modulo di Young punto zero zinco

micropieu de fondation Bauwerksmikropfahl pieu de fondation rayons x limite lastique Bauwerkspfahl Rntgenstrahlen Ergiebigkeit

limite apparente d'lasticit limite d'lasticit module d'Young zero sinc

Streckgrenze, Fliegrenze Elastizittsgrenze Schubmodul, Youngscher Modul Nullpunkt Zink

lmite aparente de elastidad tensin lmite de fluencia mdulo de Young

zinc

zone de saturatation capillaire zone d'ecoulement plastique du sol zone d'ecoulement zone de gonflement manchon

Bereich kapillarer Sttigung plastischer Fliebereich des Bodens Durchstrmungsberei ch Schwellbereich Koppelelement/Muffe Injektiongut Verpressmrtal/Feink ornbeton

zona di saturazione capillare zona di saturazione capillare zona di filtrazione zona di rigonfiamento

PORTUGESE

DUTCH

RUSSIAN

teste de recepo

controleproef

estaca executada com avegaarpaal trado contnuo impulso activo das active gronddruk terras ajustador, adaptador verloopstuk aditivo toeslagstof

adeso, adesividade

adhesie

aditivo, adio

bijmengsel, toevoeging

agua adsorvida

geadsorbeerd water

loess, limo argilocalcreo

loss

inerte, agregado ar ar incorporado

granulaat lucht lucht bijmenging

tubo de ar, mangueira luchtslang de ar

capacidade de carga

toelaatbare draagkracht

carga admissivel de estacas aluvio ancoragem

toelaatbare paaldraagkracht Alluvium/Holoceen anker

cabea de ancoragem ankerkop bloco de ancoragem ballastanker

cortina de ancoragem ankerwand ancoragem, ancorar, placa de ancorajem pranchada ancorada verankering, verankeren, ankerplaat verankerde damwand

ngulo natural

hoek van natuurlijk talud

anodo

anode

comprimento livre equivalente

schijnbare (fictieve) vrije ankerlengte

carga aplicada, tenso aangebrachte aplicada spanning cortina

aquicluso

ondoorlatende laag

efeito de arco

gewelfwerking

pressao artesiana

artesische druk (spanningswater)

pressao em repouso

neutrale (grond)druk

limites de Atterberg

Atterbergse grenzen

trado

avegaar

furo de trado

avegaar boring

estaca executada com avegaarpaal trado contnuo (CFA)

estaca executada com avegaarpaal trado contnuo

aterro retroscavadora

aanvulling getrokken laadschop

limpadeira

puls

barreta

diepwand element

deslocamento pela base rotura pela base

zwel van de (bouwput)bodem bezwijken ondergrond beneden de voet (van de paal) kelder schoorpaal balk draagvermogen

fundaao estaca inclinada viga capacidade de carga

estaca de suporte

paal op druk belast

carga

funderingsdruk

firme, so

(diepe, draagkrachtige) rotslaag

ancoragem em forma de sino caixo em forma de sino flexo momento flector

injectieanker met verbreed uiteinde boorpaal met verbrede voet buiging buigend moment

bentonite

Bentoniet

berma, banqueta

berm

desmontar a fogo ressurgncia

doen springen, opblazen bleeding (van beton)

blocos de verstopping (van encunhamento, calos verticale drains)

contagem de pancadas

kalender (bij heien)

contador de pancadas klappen teller

turfeira

moeras, drassig land

passagem a movedia opbarsten van zandbodem (bijvoorbeeld door piping)

parafuso

bout

resistencia de aderencia

aanhechtingssterkte

flutuantes de proteo giek sondagem estaca executada rotao diametro do furo de sondagem boren, boring, boorgat boorpaal

diameter van het boorgat

material de escavao uitkomende grond

deslocamento pela base godo grosso conglomerado

zwel van de (bouwput)bodem steen kleileem, klei met stenen

escora

stempelen

escavao entivada entivao

gestempelde ontgraving stempel

tenso de rotura muro de suporte

breukspanning keermuur

flambagem, encurvadura edificio, construo regulamento de construo

knikken gebouw, bouwwerk bouwvoorschrift

estaleiro bolbo de tenses

bouwplaats spanningsconcentra tie

aterro no tardoz duma opvullen van holle cortina ruimte cortina de estacas, kistdam cortina

tractor de lamina

bulldozer

impulso peso especifico submerso topo, cabeca

opdrijven onderwater gewicht, effectief gewicht paalkop

sustentar com contrafortes

ondersteunen

gaiola (de armaduras) wapeningskorf

caixo

caisson

aferir, calibrar

calibratie

consola

uitkragende ligger

estacas-pranchas em consola

onverankerde damwand

capilaridade

capilairiteit

historico de casos, exemplos tipicos

voorbeeld van een uitgevoerd project

furo de sondagem entubado encamisamento

met casing ondersteund boorgat casing

tubo de revestimento

casing buis

parede de beto armado moldada no solo estaca moldada no solo

diepwand

boorpaal

catodo

kathode

cavidade ensecadeira celular

holte kistdam opgebouwd uit celvormige elementen

calda de cimento

grout

centralizador

zoeker, centreer hulpmiddel centrifuge

centrifugadora

camara, caverna

kamer

resistncia interna caracterstica duma ancoragem cargas de explosivos injeco de produtos quimicos propridades quimicas

karakteristieke sterkte van het verankeringseleme nt springlading chemische injectie chemische samenstelling

cinzel

beitel

trepano

snijtand (graafwerktuig)

escavadora de mandibulas argila

schelpvormige grijper klei

representante tcnico opzichter do cliente

solo de granulometria grond met uniforme uniforme korrelverdeling grosseiro grosseiro grofkorrelig grofkorrelig

calhau rolado (burgau, kei, steen godo)

coeficiente de impulso gronddruk de terras coefficient

ensecadeira

kistdam

coeso

cohesie

incoerente

niet-cohesief

coloides

collod

coluna

kolom, pijler

compactar compatibilidade

verdichten verdichtbaarheid

injeco de compactao

compaction grouting

estacas de compactao estacas mistas

verdichtingspaal (zoals een stone column) combinatiepaal

ar comprimido compresso

lucht onder overdruk samendrukking, druk

estaca comprimida

op druk belaste paal

onda de compresso compressor

drukgolf compressor

carga concentrada beto (armado)

puntlast, punt belasting [gewapend] beton

estaca de beto betonagem tubo de betonagem

betonpaal beton storten transportbuis voor betonmortel penetrmetro em cone sondeer apparaat

ensaio edometrico

uni-axiale drukproef

conglomerado consolidar carregamento constante variao constante dum ensaio de penetrao

conglomeraat consolideren constante belasting snelheid verplaatsingsgestuu rde proefbelasting

injeco de contacto tenso de contacto

grouten van interfaces contactdruk

contentor

container

estaca executada com avegaarpaal trado contnuo (CFA)

empreiteiro exploso controlada

aannemer gecontroleerd springen (opblazen met explosieven)

transportador carote (nucleo) estaca revestida

lopende band boorkern paal waarin een kernboring is gemaakt

acoplador recobrimento (beto)

koppeling betondekking

fissura

scheur

fluir limite de fluncia estacas de madeira creosotada

kruip kruipmaat met creosoot geimpregneerde houten paal

muros de suporte celulares carga crtica de fluncia

?? (zoals een berlinerwand) kritische kruipbelasting

brita

gebroken steen

cortina de estanquidade

waterkerend scherm

almofada

almofada trincheira

dempen verticale ontgraving

muro corta-aguas

waterkerend scherm

anel cortante

snijring

cilindro

cylinder

barragem

dam

carga de referncia peso prprio bloco de ancoragem

initile belasting (nullast) eigen gewicht ballastanker

tempo de queda de pulsao rocha alterada descompresso

verweerd gesteente drukafname

fundao profunda

paalfundering

flecha, defleco

doorbuiging, horizontale verplaatsing deformao vervorming, verplaatsing grau de compactao verdichtingsgraad grau de saturao verzadigingsgraad

diferenca de tempo de vertraging detonaes baridade, densidade

baridade, densidade depsito

dichtheid, volumiek gewicht depot

profundidade da fundao profundidade de penetrao

aanlegdiepte indringingsdiepte

exsicaa, secagem exsicao, secagem projecto

uitdroging ontwerp(berekening )

carga de clculo pormenores deteriorao detonao

ontwerpbelasting details uiteenvallen opblazen, doen springen

aparelho apparaat por a sco o cabouco, ontwatering, drenagem bemaling

diafragma

membraan (diepwand)

assentamento diferencial

verschilzetting

declive

depressie (geologie)

desintegrao deslocamento

uiteenvallen verplaatsing

injeco provocando verdringend grouten deslocamento do solo estaca de deslocamento paal met grondverdringing

carga distribuida amostra remexida derivao, desvio

verdeelde belasting verstoord monster omleiding

doca, cais, molhe

haven, kade

duque d'Alba

dukdalf

ensecadeira de parede

kistdam

arrastar colher de arrasto

ww.: sleuren, hangen; zn.: dreg dragline

abaixamento

dragar

neerwaarts richting van een kracht (zoals in negatieve kleef) baggeren

deriva

deriva

afwijking van de verticaal

furar furo de sondagem

boren boorgat

estaca perfurada

boopaal

furao

boren

fluido de furao lama de sondagem lama de perfurao equipamento de sondagem cravar

boorspoeling boorspoeling dikke boorspoeling boor equipment heien

ponteira

driving shoe

tubo de cravao

heibuis, heicasing

estaca cravada cravao

heipaal heien

registro de cravaao

registo de cravao

kalender (bij heien)

resistncia cravao heiweerstand

ensaio de penetrao heiproef pilo valblok

baridade seca

droge dichtheid, droog volumiek gewicht

peso seco

droge dichtheid, droog volumiek gewicht

ductilidade

vervormbaarheid

durabilidade

duurzaamheid

dique

dijk

ensaio de carga dinmico carga dinmica

dynamische proefbelasting dynamische belasting

ensaio dinmico duma dynamische estaca belastingsproef op palen sondagem dinmica dynamische sondering, rammsondering ensaio dinmico dynamische proef

impulso de terras

gronddruk

carga excntrica

excentrische belasting

excentricidade presso efectiva

excentriciteit effectieve spanning, korrelspanning

deformao elstica mdulo de elasticidade electrodo electro-osmose

elastische rek elasticiteitsmodulus electrode electro-osmose

aterro envolver

ophoging, dam inbedden

entubamento

coating (corrosiebeschermi ng)

estaca trabalhando de stuitpaal ponta (puntdragende paal) perda de energia energie verlies

engenharia

ontwerpen

engenharia geolgica

ingenieursgeologie

base alargada ar ocluso resinas epxidicas

vergrote voet, verbrede voet ingesloten lucht kunsthars

equilibrio equipamento

evenwicht equipment

evaporao material escavado escavao

verdamping ontgraven grond ontgraving

escavadora sobrepresso hidrosttica

graafmachine water overspanning

explosivos

explosief

resistncia externa duma ancoragem

houdkracht van het anker (grondmechanisch) uittrekken

extraco

coeficiente de segurana

veiligheidsfactor

rotura carga de rotura

bezwijken bezwijkbelasting

superficie de rotura

bezwijk oppervlak

falsa presa

schijnverharding (van beton)

faxina

takkenbos

falha

geologische breuk

aterro

aanvul materiaal

filler, enchimento

vulmiddel

enchimento filtro, dreno

aanvullen filter

finos

fijn zand, fijn materiaal

metodo dos elementos eindige elementen finitos methode base firme vaste grondslag

injeco de fissura comprimento de selagem duma ancoragem encastramento na base fundao flexivel resistncia flexo

injectie van scheuren weerstandselement (van een grondanker) inklemmingsmomen t ?? slappe fundering buigsterkte

fundao sobre estacas flutuantes floculado pavimento flutuao fluxo, escoamento rede de percolao

kleefpaalfundering flucculent vloer, etage flotation stroming, debiet grondwater net

cinza volante

vliegas

foliao

foliatie (bij gesteente)

adicional de cravao follower de estaca

sapata

fundament

formao fundao

formatie, laag fundering

fractura prtico

breuk, scheur frame

comprimento livre dum vrije ankerlengte tirante

frequencia

frequentie

agua doce rocha friavel atrito estaca flutuante (estaca por atrito lateral)

zoetwater brossige rots wrijving wrijvingspaal

gelo

vorst

empolamento devido ao gelo

opvriezen

comporta, porto

poort

instrumento de medida, bitola, calibrador

opnemer

geologia explorao geofisica

geologie geofysische exploratie

geotecnico

geotechniek

viga

ligger, stalen balk

depsito glaciar depsito glaciar

ijstijd afzetting, gaciale afzetting glacial uitspoeling

graduao

gradatie

niveladora

shovel

forma dos gros dimenso dos gros godo, burgau

korrelvorm korrelafmetingen grind

injeco por gravidade grouten zonder overdruk martelo de queda livre valhamer

fundao em grelha

moer

fundament van kruiselings gestapelde balken slijpen

nivel do solo

maaiveld,

superficie do terreno natural

maaiveld,

gua subterrnea, grondwater aqufero, nivel fretico

efeito de grupo calda / calda de cimento

groepsaktie grout

cortina de injeco

gegroute wand

injectar

grouten

injeco sob presso presso de injeco

het grouten groutdruk

muretes-guia

geleide wanden

martelo, pilo

hamer

rocha alterada

dichte tussenlaag grond diepladers levensgevaarlijke situatie

equipamento de transporte risco

coroamento do muro calor de hidratao empolar

kopwand hydratatie warmte zwellen, rijzen, opheien

trado helicoidal

avegaar

heterogeneo

heterogeen

homogeneo pressao horizontal de terras

homogeen horizontale gronddruk

estacas de perfil H

H-profiel paal

aterro hidraulico fracturao hidrulica

opgespoten grond hydrraulisch breken

hidrologia

hydrologie

gelo e neve

ijs en sneeuw

impacto

stoot, botsing

impermeavel

impermeavel tapete impermeavel

ondoordringbaar, ondoorlatend ondoorlatende laag

indice

index

endurecido, verhard concrecionado deformao no linear inelastische vervorming/deforma tie infiltrao infiltratie

presa inicial

initiele zetting

entrada, admisso

inlet

solo inorganico

anorganisch

resistncia "in situ" ensaio "in situ" inspeco

sterkte ter plaatse, in situ sterkte test ter plaatse, in situ test, inspectie

instrumentaao instrumentao instrumentatie

rocha s ensaio de integridade

intacte rots integriteits meting, sonisch doormeten intergranulaire damwand slot

intergranular encaixes de estacaspranchas metlicas atrito interno

inwendige wrijving

base de uma conduta omkeren teste de ensaio macaco onderzoek test vijzel

estacas instaladas sob gevijzelde palen presso

equipamento de elevao

vijzel appartuur

jacto

mondstuk, straal, spuiten

estacas cravadas com gespoten palen jacto de gua

junta padro de juntas

verbinding scheur patroon

karst, carst

karst

atraso, desfasagem

keerwand

terra escorregamento

land aardverschuiving

foras laterais

laterale, zijdelingse krachten

presso lateral

laterale, zijdelingse druk

suporte lateral

laterale, zijdelingse ondersteuning laag loog

camada deslavar

perda por infiltrao

lekkage

levada, aude brao de alavanca agregados leves

rivierdijk hefboom arm lichtgewicht toeslag

cal, calcreo

kalk, kalksteen

analise limite

bezwijkanalyse

manga

bekleding

encamisamento

stortkoker, stortpijp

rotura por liquefao liquido limite de liquidez indice de liquidez sobrecarga carga elemento resistente capacidade de carga fator de carga

bezwijken door vloeien vloeistof vloeigrens vloeiindex veranderlijke belasting belasting dragend element draagvermogen belastingsfactor

medidor de carga incremento de carga perda de tenso admissvel

drukdoos belastingstoename belastinggrens

ensaio de carga

poefbelasting

carregadora carga e descarga estrutura de carga

wiellader belasten en ontlasten belastings frame

curva de cargaassentamento curva de tensodeformao limo eclusa fora de bloqueamento

lastzakkingsdiagra m leem slot ankerschot, ankerwand

loess, limo argilocalcreo

loss

toro, tronco

logboek, journaal

brando, frouxo, solto, fofo

loss

cimento de baixo calor lage warmte de hidratao cement

lubrificar

smeermiddel

aterro ensaio de carga

aangebrachte grond test met aangehouden belasting

camisa, involucro

mantel, mouw

depsito marinho referencia

marine afzetting vast punt, referentie punt mergel moeras

marga pantano

beto de enchimento, betonmassa beto ciclpico

ensoleiramento geral

balken fundering

medida, medio membrana malha

meting membraam maas, netwerk

microestaca

micropile

junta de microestaca

micopile koppeling

minerais

mineraal

misturado no local misturador, betoneira

in sity gemend mixer, menger

equipamento movel

monbiele apparatuur elasticiteitsmodulus

modulo de elasticidade

coeficiente de reaco ondergrond reactie modulus humido vocht teor de humidade vochtgehalte momento de inercia traagheidsmoment martelo de bateestacas persoon/apparaat voor positioneren paal

moreia

morene

argamassa

mortel

variegado, hetergeneo vasa, lama

gevlekt

vasa, lama

modder, waterige modderbrei

injeco de argila

het pompen van een grondgroutmengsel modderstroom explodere met meerdere afschuifvlakken

onda de lama exploso por banquetas multiplas

exploso por filas multiplas injeco mltipla edificio alto, edificio com muitos andares

exploderen in rijen

grouten in meerdere stappen gebouw met meerdere verdiepingen

teor de humidade natural

natuurlijk vochtgehalte

suco capillar

negative porriendruk

suco capilar

negatieve mantelwrijving

mamilo

nippel

ensaios naonietdestructief destrutivos onderzoek injeco sem deslocamento de solo

normalmente adensado

normaal geconsolideerd

tubo piezometrico

observaite put

caixo aberto trincheira aberta

open caisson open snede

materia organica

organisch materiaal

oscilador

oscillator, vibrator

osmose

osmose

afloramento plano aluvionar

rots aan het oppervlak vlakke uitspoeling

sobreescavao sobreescavao

extrauitgraving verspilld materiaal

recobrimento

overdruk

sobreconsolidado

overgeconsolideerd

sobrecarga

overbelasting

sobretenso

overspanning

painel

paneel

dimenso dos gros

afmetingen deeltje

impulso passivo das terras

passieve gronddruk

gravilha resistncia limite ao corte turfa

fijn grind maximale afschuifsterkte veen

pedra, seixo, cascalho, kiezelsteen calhau soco, embasamento voetstuk

injeco de groutinjectie penetrao registo de penetrao indringingsregistrati e resistencia indringweerstand penetrao ensaio de penetrao indringingstest

penetrmetro

penetrometer

percentagem em peso gewichtspercentage

nivel de guas penduradas percolao

waterspiegel door capillaire werking percolatie

sondagem por percussao

heiend boren

terreno permanentemente gelado ancoragem definitiva permeabilidade injeco de impregnao

permafrost

blijvend naker doorlatendheid impregnerend grouten

nivel freatico

phreatisch oppervlak

pego, fundao por poos, tubulo piezometro

paal fundament

waterspanningsmet er

altura piezometrica

waterspanningshoo gte superficie piezometrica piezemetriach oppervlak

estaca

paal

bate-estacas capacidade de carga de estaca

heiframe paaldraagvermogen

encabecamento de estacas

paalmuts

cravao de estacas

heien

frmula de cravao

heiformule

resistncia cravao heiweerstand

extraco de estaca

het trekken van een paal

fundao por estacaria paalfundering

grupo de estacas pilo do bate-estacas

paalgroep heinamer

ensaio de carga de estacas

proefbelasting

martelo de bateestacas

persoon/apparaat voor positioneren paal

tubo

pijp

alinhamento de condutas, tubagem eroso interna

pijplijn piping, sifonwerking

extractor de embolo poo

bemonsteringsbuis bouwput

materiais de minerao

vrijgekomen materiaal

superficie de menor resistncia deformao plana

afglijdvlak vlakke spanningstoestand plastisch beton

beto plstico

parede em beto plstico deformao plstica limite de plasticidade solo plstico plasticidade

wand van plastisch beton plastische deformatie plasticiteitsgrens plastische grond plastciteit

indice de plasticidade

plasticiteitsindex

ensaio de carga sobre plaat test placas tampo plug

caixo pneumtico

pneumatisch caisson

estaca trabalhando de puntdragende paal ponta carga de ponta puntbelasting

resistencia de ponta

puntweerstand

coeficiente de Poisson Poisson getal polimero polymeer

encher de gua

vijver

mal graduado

slecht gegradeerd

dissipao de presses neutras

waterdruk disspatie

presso de gua intersticial porosidade

porienwaterdruk porositeit

trados mecanizados

gemotoriseerde schroefboor

ante-poco; (poovoorboring piloto), pr-sondagem, sondagem prvia, beto prfabricado prefab beton

parede moldada prfabricada estaca prfabricada

wand van prefab beton prefab betonnen palen

prcompresso prconsolidao presso de pradensamento

voordruk preconsolidatie preconsolidatiedruk

prfabricao

prefabricatie

estudo preliminar

voorlopig onderzoek microestaca preliminar tijdelijke micropaal

estaca preliminar

voorlopige paal

pr-carga

voorbelasten

estaca pr-imjectada preservao pr-fissurao

presso, tenso impulso em repouso bolbo de presses manmetro

voorgeinjecteerde paal bescherming explosietechniek met initiele scheurvorming druk druk in rusttoestand druk bel drukopnemer

pr-esforar

voorspanning

consolidao primria primaire consolidatie

projecto, empreendimento carga de ensaio escora

projekt test belasting prop

proteco revestimentos protectores

bescherming beschemende laag

argila de amassar

modderige klei

ensaio de arrancamento bomba beto bombado

trektest pomp gepompt beton

ensaio de bombagem pomp test

ensaio de qualificao kwalificatie test controlo de qualidade pedreira quartzo cais muro de cais sifonamento cal viva kwaliteitscontrole groeve kwarts kade kademuur vloeiconditie vloeiend kalk

areia movedia

drijfzand

martelo de bateestacas

persoon/apparaat voor positioneren paal

ensoleiramento geral

balken fundering

caminho de ferro

spoorweg

mao

mao

heiblok

abaixamento rpido (do reservatorio)

snelle inlinking

taquimetro velocidade de aplicao de carga

snelheidsindicator belastingssnelheid

broqueado, alargado

met verlengde boor geboord

curva de empolamento, de descarga recarregar recompresso recuperao

ontlastingskrome

herladen hercompressie herstel

sapata retangular marca, referencia

rechthoekige fundering referentiepunt

estaca de beto armado terra armada parede moldada armada

gewapende betonnen paal gewapende grond gewapende

densidade relativa relaxao

relatieve dichtheid relaxatie, ontspanning ontlastbronnen

poo de alivio

carga repetida

herhaalde belasting

tenso residual

restspanning, residuele spanning

resina

momento resistente frequencia de ressonancia

tegenwerkend moment resonantiefrequenti e

muro de suporte

keerwand, keermuur

agente retardador

vertrager

fundao rigida muro rigido

stijve fundering stijve wand

enrocamento de proteco rocha

steenaanvulling

rots, gesteente

ancoragem em rocha chumbadoros em rocha

rotsanker rotsanker

enrocamento haste

steenaanvulling stang, staaf

sondagem com sonda roratyboring rotativa perfurao por rotary-slagboring percusso rotao alinhamento de estacas escoamento ruptura, rotura draaiing, rotatie palenrij afschot breuk, scheur

carga de segurana

toelaatbare belasting

coeficiente de segurana

veiligheidsfactor

sais amostra remeximento de amostra

zouten monster, monstername monsterverstoring

colher para colheita de monsterlepel amostras extractor monsternameboor areia zand

drenos de areia estaca de areia solo saturado

zanddrain zandpaal

escala escarificador escarpa

schaal

verhang

infra-escavao

uitspoelen

scraper peneiro

scraper zeef

estaca de rosca nivel do mar molhe

schroefpaal zeeniveau, zeespeigel havendam

selar efeito sazonal

afdichten seizoeneffect

compressao secundaria

secundaire druk(belasting)

suco rocha sedimentar

doorsnede sedimentgesteente

percolao

fluxo de percolao

projecto sismico

seismisch ontwerp

velocidade sismica

seismische snelheid

sismometro calda autoendurecida peso prprio

seismometer zelfhardende slurry eigen gewicht

argila sensitiva

gevoelige klei

sensor

sensor

sequencia de estratos laagvolgorde ou camadas

presa (materiais) assentamento

opstijving, verharding zetting

anlise de assentamentos curva de assentamentos medio de assentamentos placa para medio de assentamentos

zettingsanalyse zettingskromme zettingsmeting zettingsplaat

tubo, conduta de esgoto

riolering

poo dimetro do fuste

schacht paaldoorsnede, paaldiameter

xisto trincheira pouco profunda fundao superficial esforo de corte tenso de corte ensaio de corte resistencia ao corte

schiste ondiepe ontgraving fundering op staal schuifkracht schuifspanning schuifproef shuifsterkte

cortina de estacaspranchas corta-aguas em estacas-pranchas cortina de estacaspranchas estaca-prancha

damwand

damwandscherm damwand keerwand

escoramento beto projectado

afschoring, stempeling spuitbeton

p shovel contraco, retraco krimp

atrito lateral

plaatselijke wrijving

peneirao, anlise por peneirao

zeefanalyse

silica silte

silica silt

decantar

local da obra

bouwplaats (flemish: werf)

estudo no local

bouwplaatsonderzo ek

atrito superficial

schachtwrijving

laje

plaat, strook

ardosia

espelho de falha escorregamento

glijdschacht afglijden

deslizamento

glijden

superficie de deslizamento talude rotura de talude

glijdvlak helling bezwijken van helling

proteco de talude ranhura

bescherming van helling paneel

assentamento

slump

lama, pasta, calda (de slurry, perfurao) betonietspoeling

muro de lamas (bentoniticas)

diepwand

parede moldada de lamas bentonticas

slurrywand

solo brando

slappe grond

solo-cimento

grond-cement

caracteristicas do solo grondeigenschappe n

prospeco

grondonderzoek

mecanica dos solos

grondmechanica

humidade do solo

grondvochtigheid

particula de solo

gronddeeltje

perfil do solo

bodemprofiel

estabilizaao de um solo

grondstabilisatie

escoras verticais

stalen balk, stalen profiel

elementos verticais de Berliner wand escoramento

inspeco snica

ultrasonore controle op paalschacht

ensaio snico

(ultra-)sonore, akoestische test

sondagem

sondering

espaador espaamento vo peso especifico especificao

afstandhouder afstand overspanning specifiek gewicht specificatie

provete, amostra

proefmonster

limpadeira de fenda

pulsmonster-lepel

amostra colhida com limpadeira ensoleiramento

Lepelsonde

fundering-op-staal

ressurgencia, nascente

bron

estabilidade suspenso estvel construo por estgios (etapas)

stabiliteit stabiele suspensie gefaseerde bouw

normas tubo vertical

normen, richtlijnen standpijp

ensaio esttico de carga ensaio de carga esttico ensaio de carga esttico ensaio esttico duma estaca

statische proefbelasting statische proefbelasting

statische proefbelasting

martelo a vapor

stoomblok, stoomheiblok staal

ao

estaca de ao

stalen paal

argila rija fissurada rigidez estribos, cintas pedra

stijve klei stijfheid beugel steen

deformao

rek

extensometro

rekmeter

estrato, camada resistencia tenso, esforo

laag sterkte spanning

concentrao de spanningsconcentra tensoes tie distribuio de tensoes spanningsverdeling

curva tensodeformao

spannings-rekcurve

fundao contnua

strookfundering

dano estrutural estrutura escora

constructieve (bouw)schade constructie, bouwwerk

escora subleito

stempel ondergrond

peso especifico imerso soortelijk gewicht onder water subsidencia bodemzakking, zetting subsolo ondergrond prospeco do grondonderzoek subsolo subsolo onder het bodemoppervlak

suco ensaio de controlo fossa

aanzuigen geschiktheidstest pompput

apoio

support, ondersteuning

fluido de escavao sobrecarga

steunvloeistof voorbelasting

fora de superficie

oppervlaktekracht

onda superficial levantamentos

oppervlaktegolf uitzetten, landmeten

suspenso

suspensie

sistema de ensaio

systeemtest

tanque

tank, container

temperatura temperatuur ancoragem provisria tijdelijk anker

armadura

verankering

comprimento de selagem duma armadura comprimento livre duma armadura

verankeringslengte

vrije ankerlengte

fora de traco resistencia traco tensao de traco tenso fenda de traco

trekkracht treksterkte trekspanning trek trekscheur

estaca traco ao traccionado

trekpaal trekstaal

depositos em terracos terrasafzetting ensaiar test, proef

carga de ensaio proefbelasting carga de ensaio microestaca de ensaio proefmicropaal

estaca de ensaio

testpaal

procedimento de ensaio maquina de ensaio

testprocedure testapparaat

textura

bodemstructuur, textuur

teoria theorie propriedades termicas thermische eigenschappen

amostrador de parede dunwandig fina monsternameappar aat tioxtropia thixotropie

mars tirante ancorado

getijden verankering

tirante

trekstang

rocha saliente sobre o dicht perfil de exploso

moreia, conglomerado glaciale afzetting, argilo-arenoso keileem

inclinometro estaca de madeira

hellingsmeter houten paal

curva dos assentamentos em funo do tempo ponta de estaca

tijd-zakkings-curve

paalpunt

rotura pelo p do talude

paalpuntbezwijken

terra vegetal

toplaag

torso

torsie, wringing

transductor, manmetro

transducer

zona de transio

overgangszone

betonagem submersa onderwaterbeton

trincheira, vala

paneel

microestaca de ensaio proefmicropaal

estaca de ensaio distribuio triangular de carga aparelho triaxial camara triaxial

proefpaal driehoekige belastingsverdeling triaxiaalapparaat proef voor driehoekige belastingsverdeling

ensaio de compressao triaxiaalproef triaxial

tubo de manchettes

manchetbuis

laje armada segundo duas direces

tweedimensionaal belaste plaat

carga de rotura

grensspanningsbela sting

carga de rotura

grenslast (flemish: breuklast)

resistencia compresso simples

ensaio de compresso nao-adensado e naodrenado

dreno subterraneo, inferior subterraneo reforo de fundao

ondergrond funderingsherstel

estaca de base alargada infiltrao subaquatico infiltratie onderwater

amostra intacta

ongeroerd monster

resistencia ao corte ongedrianerde com teor de humidade schuifsterkte constante compresso uniaxial

classificao unificada uniforme de solos bodemklassering coeficiente de uniformidade solo uniformemente graduado ongelijkvormigheids coefficient bodem met gelijkmatige korrelverdeling

baridade

subpresso

opdrijvingsdruk

estacas de traco subpresses

trekpaal opdrijvingsdruk

vacuo trado-molinete

onderdruk, vacum vanetest-apparaat

argila estratificada

extensometro de corda trillingsmeter vibrante

vibrao

trillingen

cravao vibratoria de palen intrillen estaca

vibroflutuao

vibroflotation

curva virgem de compresso viscosidade

initiele drukcurve

viscociteit

exame visual vazio indice de vazios

visuele inspectie, visueel onderzoek holle ruimte, porin poringetal

vulco volume variao de volume

vulkaan volume, inhoud volumeverandering

cinta, longarina

gording

atrito lateral contra um wandwrijving muro sondagem por injecao

gua de injeco sondagem por injeco teor de humidade

spoelwater spoelboring

watergehalte

oscilao do nivel fretico

grondwaterfluctuati e

relaao agua-cimento water-cement-factor aquifero watervoerend relaao gua-cimento

nivel de gua impermevel

waterstand waterdicht

onda, vaga

golf

comprimento de onda golglengte

velocidade de onda

golfsnelheid

solo brando

grond met geringe draagkracht

meteorizao, eroso verwering por agente metereolgico cunha wig travamento wiggen furo drenante, barbac ontwateringsgat perda de peso poo revestimento (de um poo) furo de drenagem gewichtsverlies bronnen bronbuis bronnering

tela filtrante para poo bronfilter

estruturas porturias, de cais

kadeconstructie

madeira estaca de madeira preservativos para madeira praticabilidade, trabalhabilidade

hout houten paal houtconservering verwerkbaarheid

nivel de trabalho microestaca de fundao microestaca de fundao raios-x fluencia, escoamento, cedencia limite aparente de elasticidade tenso de cedncia mdulo de Young ponto zero zinco

werkniveau micropaal funderingspaal rntgenstralen elasticiteitsgrens

Strekgrens elasticiteitsgrens elasticiteitsmodulus nulpunt zink

zona de saturao capilar zona de escoamento plstico do solo zona de escoamento doorstromingszone

zona de empolamento zwelbereik, zwelzone mof