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    1. The document provides an introduction and first chapter to data modeling for young people. It uses two young tourists, Dipple and her brother Toby, visiting Windsor Castle in England as an example to illustrate basic data modeling concepts. 2. Toby and Dipple arrive at Windsor Castle and start thinking about the people and places they see to begin creating a simple data model. They represent people and establishments to start, then add identifiers, relationships and foreign keys to link the entities as their model grows. 3. The chapter covers basic data modeling topics like primary keys, one-to-many relationships, and using identifiers and foreign keys to connect entities while keeping the example straightforward for beginners.

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    Learn Data Modelling

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    1. The document provides an introduction and first chapter to data modeling for young people. It uses two young tourists, Dipple and her brother Toby, visiting Windsor Castle in England as an example to illustrate basic data modeling concepts. 2. Toby and Dipple arrive at Windsor Castle and start thinking about the people and places they see to begin creating a simple data model. They represent people and establishments to start, then add identifiers, relationships and foreign keys to link the entities as their model grows. 3. The chapter covers basic data modeling topics like primary keys, one-to-many relationships, and using identifiers and foreign keys to connect entities while keeping the example straightforward for beginners.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Download as pdf or txt
    397 views112 pages

    Learn Data Modelling PDF

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous BOOmZG
    1. The document provides an introduction and first chapter to data modeling for young people. It uses two young tourists, Dipple and her brother Toby, visiting Windsor Castle in England as an example to illustrate basic data modeling concepts. 2. Toby and Dipple arrive at Windsor Castle and start thinking about the people and places they see to begin creating a simple data model. They represent people and establishments to start, then add identifiers, relationships and foreign keys to link the entities as their model grows. 3. The chapter covers basic data modeling topics like primary keys, one-to-many relationships, and using identifiers and foreign keys to connect entities while keeping the example straightforward for beginners.

    Copyright:

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 112

    Learning Data M odelling by Example Chapter 1) Data M odelling Windsor Castle - Part 1 1 Williams | Learn Modeling by Example

    Learn Data M odelling by Example

    Barry Williams

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 2

    Part 1 - Table of Contents


    Part 1 - Table of Contents Wel!ome 1 Data Modeling at Windsor Castle in England 2 Data Modeling in Denmar# " Data Modeling in T%r#ey ' (ome Basi! Con!epts ) + Database for a ,ideo -ame 2 " " 2$ "& )* *2

    First Edition: London, 2011 ISBN-13: 978-1466237414

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 "

    Welcome
    This is Part 1 o o!r "oo# has "$$n %rod!&$d in r$s%ons$ to a n!'"$r o r$(!$sts ro' )isitors to o!r *ata"as$ +ns,$rs -$" Sit$.

    It is int$nd$d or "$/inn$rs to *ata 0od$1in/

    It in&or%orat$s a s$1$&tion ro' o!r Li"rar2 o a"o!t 930 data 'od$1s that ar$ $at!r$d on o!r -$" sit$:

    htt%:44,,,.data"as$ans,$rs.or/4data5'od$1s4ind$6.ht'

    I ho%$ 2o! $n7o2 this Boo# and ,o!1d "$ )$r2 %1$as$d to ha)$ 2o!r &o''$nts at "arr2,8data"as$ans,$rs.or/. Barr2 -i11ia's Prin&i%a1 9ons!1tant *ata"as$ +ns,$rs Ltd. London, En/1and

    1. Data Modeling at Windsor Castle in England


    1.1 Introduction
    This irst 9ha%t$r is a t!toria1 on data 'od$1in/ or 2o!n/ %$o%1$. It %ro)id$s an introd!&tion to data 'od$1in/ that ,$ ho%$ 2o! ind int$r$stin/ and $as2 to r$ad. It &o)$rs th$ "asi& &on&$%ts and has a )$r2 !s$r- ri$nd12 a%%roa&h, $at!rin/ a t$dd2 "$ar and #itt$n &r$atin/ a data 'od$1 on a tri% as to!rists to -indsor 9ast1$, ,hi&h is 7!st o!tsid$ London, En/1and. :o! &an ind this &ha%t$r as a t!toria1 on th$ *ata"as$ +ns,$rs -$" sit$:
    htt%:44,,,.data"as$ans,$rs.or/4t!toria145data5'od$1in/5di'%1$5and5to"25)isit5,indsor5&ast1$4ind$6.ht'

    In this t!toria1, ,$ ,i11 o11o, t,o 2o!n/ to!rists as th$2 )isit -indsor 9ast1$ and &r$at$ a data 'od$1. ;!r to!rists ar$ *i'%1$, a 10-2$ar-o1d /ir1, ,ho 1i#$s si/hts$$in/ and i&$ &r$a' and To"2, *i'%1$<s 12-2$ar-o1d "roth$r, ,ho 1i#$s si/hts$$in/ and d$si/nin/ data 'od$1s.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 '


    1.1.1 What is this? This is a t!toria1 on data 'od$1in/ or 2o!n/ %$o%1$ that r$%r$s$nts a t2%i&a1 data 'od$1in/ %ro7$&t and i11!strat$s th$ "asi& %rin&i%1$s in)o1)$d.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 )

    1.1.2 Wh is it im!ortant? *ata 'od$1in/ is i'%ortant "$&a!s$ it is th$ o!ndation or so 'an2 a&ti)iti$s:

    It %ro)id$s a )$hi&1$ or &o''!ni&ation a'on/ a ,id$ )ari$t2 o int$r$st$d %arti$s, in&1!din/ 'ana/$'$nt, d$)$1o%$rs, data ana12sts, *B+s and 'or$. + %h2si&a1 data"as$ &an $asi12 "$ /$n$rat$d ro' a data 'od$1 !sin/ a &o''$r&ia1 data 'od$1in/ too1.

    1.1." What Will I #earn? :o! ,i11 1$arn:

    =o, to &r$at$ a data 'od$1, startin/ ro' s&rat&h. -hat a t2%i&a1 data 'od$1 1oo#s 1i#$.

    1.2 To!ics
    In this &ha%t$r, ,$ ,i11 &o)$r so'$ "asi& &on&$%ts in data 'od$1in/: Pri'ar2 and For$i/n >$2s ;n$-to-0an2 and 0an2-to-0an2 ?$1ationshi%s =i$rar&hi$s and Inh$ritan&$ ?$ $r$n&$ *ata

    1." #et$s go to Windsor

    @*i'%1$A: To"2, it<s /r$at "$in/ in London, ,hi&h is so $6&itin/ and "!BBin/.

    @To"2A: I<' /1ad 2o! 1i#$ it, *i'%1$. -hat ,o!1d 2o! 1i#$ to do toda2C @*i'%1$A: To"2, ,$ ha)$ s$$n B!&#in/ha' Pa1a&$, ,h$r$ th$ D!$$n o th$ Enit$d >in/do' 1i)$s, and no, I<d 1i#$ to )isit -indsor 9ast1$, "$&a!s$ it<s on$ o th$ 'ost %o%!1ar to!rist attra&tions in th$ E>, and it<s 7!st a short tri% ro' London.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 .

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 /


    @To"2A: ;>. L$t<s /o... -$ ar$ startin/ ro' B!&#in/ha' Pa1a&$, ,h$r$ th$ D!$$n o th$ Enit$d >in/do' 1i)$s F

    To"2 and *i'%1$ 1$a)$ London and arri)$ at -indsorF

    1.% &rri'ing at Windsor


    @*i'%1$A -o,, To"2, -indsor has a "$a!ti !1 &ast1$ and h$r$ is a ro2a1 %ar# ,ith 1ots o d$$r.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 *


    @To"2A :$s, *i'%1$, and ,h$n ,$ 1oo# aro!nd th$r$ ar$ so 'an2 "an#s, &a $s, %!"s, r$sta!rants, sho%s, ,in$ "ars and hos%ita1sG Th$ oth$r thin/ that ,$ s$$ ,h$n ,$ 1oo# aro!nd is %$o%1$ - 1ots o %$o%1$. So ,$ &an start thin#in/ a"o!t o!r data 'od$1.

    1.( )tarting our Data Model


    @*i'%1$A: =o, do ,$ /$t start$dC @To"2A: -$11, ,$ #no, that ,$ ha)$ %$o%1$ and %1a&$s. Th$ si'%1$st start is to &a11 a11 th$s$ %1a&$s establishments. Th$n ,$ si'%12 ha)$ di $r$nt #inds o $sta"1ish'$nts.

    +nd ,$ ha)$ %$o%1$ - 1o&a1 %$o%1$, to!rists, st!d$nts, %$o%1$ %assin/ thro!/h, %$o%1$ ,or#in/ h$r$, %$o%1$ h$r$ on "!sin$ss and so on. @*i'%1$A: =''' - so ho, do ,$ trans1at$ ,hat ,$ #no, to h$1% !s /$t start$d ,ith o!r data 'od$1C @To"2A: L$tHs start a dia/ra' ,ith %$o%1$ and $sta"1ish'$nts. This si'%1$ dia/ra' is /oin/ to /ro, into a data 'od$1.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 $ 1.* Identifiers and Primar +e s

    @*i'%1$A: To"2, I a' on$ o th$s$ %$o%1$ so ho, do I &r$at$ a !ni(!$ id$ntit2 or '2s$1 to 'a#$ '$ di $r$nt ro' $)$r2"od2 $1s$C @To"2A: -$ ,i11 /i)$ $)$r2 %$rson a uni,ue identifier and $)$r2 $sta"1ish'$nt its o,n !ni(!$ Id$nti i$r. -h$n ,$ !s$ th$s$ ,$ &a11 th$' Primar +e s, and sho, th$' in th$ dia/ra' ,ith a P+ on th$ 1$ t-hand sid$. @*i'%1$A: That so!nds /ood, To"2, "!t I don<t #no, ,hat it '$ans. @To"2A: -$11, *i'%1$, 1$t<s 1oo# at ho, ,$ !s$ th$s$ id$nti i$rs...

    Lots o %$o%1$ )isit $sta"1ish'$nts 1i#$ Star"!&#s in -indsor I0J

    1.- .elationshi!s and /oreign +e s


    @To"2A: *i'%1$, no, ,$ &an add so'$ int$r$stin/ d$tai1s "$&a!s$ ,$ #no, that on$ %$rson &an )isit 'an2 $sta"1ish'$nts. -$ a1so #no, that on$ $sta"1ish'$nt is )isit$d "2 'an2 to!rists. Th$n ,$ &a11 this a man -to-man relationshi! "$t,$$n %$o%1$ and $sta"1ish'$nts.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 1&


    To 'a#$ it $asi$r or 2o! to !nd$rstand I ha)$ $6%and$d th$ man -to-man relationshi! into t,o di $r$nt thin/s, ,hi&h ar$ &a11$d one-to-man relationshi!s. @*i'%1$A: So To"2, is that 1i#$ sa2in/ that on$ %$rson &an 'a#$ 'an2 )isits to 'an2 $sta"1ish'$ntsC @To"2A: :$s, *i'%1$ - that<s /r$at - and ,$ &an a1so sa2 that on$ $sta"1ish'$nt &an ha)$ )isits ro' 'an2 %$o%1$. +t this %oint, ,$ &an sho, ho, a11 th$s$ "o6$s ar$ r$1at$d, and that is a )$r2 "i/ st$%, "$&a!s$ it ta#$s !s to th$ id$a o <r$1ationshi%s<.

    -$ &an &a11 th$s$ "o6$s tables - or entities i ,$ ,ant to s%$a# to %ro $ssiona1 data 'od$1$rs. + ta"1$ si'%12 stor$s data a"o!t on$ %arti&!1ar #ind o KThin/ o Int$r$stH. For $6a'%1$, %$o%1$ or $sta"1ish'$nts. Ea&h r$&ord in a ta"1$ ,i11 "$ id$nti i$d "2 its o,n !ni(!$ id$nti i$r, ,hi&h ,$ &a11 th$ primary key. It is not !s!a112 $as2 to ind a s%$&i i& it$' o data a1r$ad2 in th$ ta"1$ that ,i11 a1,a2s "$ !ni(!$. For $6a'%1$, in th$ Enit$d Stat$s, So&ia1 S$&!rit2 N!'"$rs LSSNsJ ar$ s!%%os$d to "$ !ni(!$, "!t L or )ario!s 1$/iti'at$ r$asonsJ that is not a1,a2s th$ &as$. +1so, or$i/n )isitors and to!rists ,i11 not ha)$ SSNs. Th$r$ or$, it is "$st %ra&ti&$ to &r$at$ a n$, i$1d 7!st or this %!r%os$. This ,i11 "$ ,hat is &a11$d an auto-increment data t2%$, ,hi&h ,i11 "$ /$n$rat$d a!to'ati&a112 "2 th$ *ata"as$ 0ana/$'$nt S2st$' L*B0SJ at r!n-ti'$. This is &a11$d a surrogate 0e and it do$s not ha)$ an2 oth$r %!r%os$.

    It is si'%12 a #$2 that stands or so'$thin/ $1s$. It is a '$anin/1$ss int$/$r that is /$n$rat$d a!to'ati&a112 "2 th$ data"as$ 'ana/$'$nt so t,ar$, s!&h as ;ra&1$ or SDL S$r)$r. Th$ )a1!$s ar$ !s!a112 &ons$&!ti)$ int$/$rs, startin/ ,ith 1,2,3,4 and so on.

    No, ,$ &an s$$ ho, !s$ !1 o!r id$nti i$rs &an "$ "$&a!s$ ,$ &an in&1!d$ th$ %$rson and $sta"1ish'$nt id$nti i$rs in o!r Misits Ta"1$.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 11


    Th$n th$ P$rson5I* i$1d "$&o'$s a 1in# to a r$&ord or a %$rson in th$ P$rson Ta"1$. This 1in# is ,hat is &a11$d a /oreign +e and ,$ &an s$$ it<s sho,n ,ith 1/+1 on th$ 1$ thand sid$.

    1.2 Products and Product T !es


    @*i'%1$A: To"2, ,h$n ,$ /o into a sho% ,$ ,ant to "!2 so'$thin/. +nd th$r$ ar$ tho!sands and tho!sands o %ossi"i1iti$s. =o, do ,$ d$a1 ,ith a11 that in o!r 1itt1$ data 'od$1C @To"2A: -$11 *i'%1$, it<s r$a112 (!it$ $as2. It<s 1i#$ a11 o!r 'od$1in/ ,h$r$ ,$ 1oo# or si'%1$ %att$rns that &o)$r 'an2 sit!ations. @*i'%1$A: ='' - I don<t #no, ,hat that '$ans. 0a2"$ i 2o! sho,$d '$ I 'i/ht !nd$rstand it. @To"2A: ;>. E)$r2thin/ that ,$ "!2 is &a11$d a !roduct, and a11 ,$ ha)$ to do is si'%12 d$ in$ th$ t2%$ o $a&h %rod!&t - s!&h as a &o $$, '! in or a n$,s%a%$r.

    Th$n ,$ dra, a 1itt1$ "o6 &a11$d Products and sa2 that $)$r2 %rod!&t has a t2%$. In oth$r ,ords, th$r$ is a r$1ationshi% "$t,$$n th$ Products and Product_Types "o6$s.

    Th$ 1in$s ar$ &a11$d relationshi!s and th$2 ar$ )$r2 i'%ortant in data 'od$1in/. -$ ar$ no, &r$atin/ an Entit2-?$1ationshi% *ia/ra' or NE?*N. This dia/ra' sho,s on12 a 1in$ or th$ r$1ationshi%:

    Th$ s2'"o1 at th$ %rod!&ts $nd is &a11$d crows feet and it sho,s th$ many $nd. Th$ short strai/ht 1in$ at th$ Prod!&t5T2%$s $nd sho,s th$ one $nd. In oth$r ,ords, this 1in$ sho,s a on$-to-'an2 r$1ationshi%.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 12

    *i'%1$, 1$t '$ $6%1ain a"o!t th$ dott$d 1in$. It '$ans that th$ r$1ationshi% r$s!1ts in a KFor$i/n >$2H in th$ %rod!&ts ta"1$. This is sho,n "2 th$ KF>H s2'"o1 n$6t to th$ product_type_code i$1d and it '$ans that th$r$ is a 1in# "a&# to th$ Prod!&t5T2%$s. =o,$)$r, th$ %ri'ar2 #$2 is on12 th$ Prod!&t5I*, and o &o!rs$, this is sho,n "2 th$ KP>H s2'"o1 n$6t to th$ Product3ID i$1d. Lat$r, ,h$n ,$ ta1# a"o!t inh$ritan&$, ,$ ,i11 !s$ a strai/ht 1in$, in &ontrast to this dott$d 1in$ h$r$. This is to sho, that th$ or$i/n #$2 i$1d is a1so a %ri'ar2 #$2.

    I ha)$ to sa2 so'$thin/ a "it di i&!1t a"o!t %ri'ar2 #$2s ri/ht no,. In th$ Prod!&ts Ta"1$, ,$ ha)$ to a11o, or a )$r2 1ar/$ n!'"$r o %rod!&ts "$in/ stor$d. Th$r$ or$ ,$ !s$ an I* i$1d or th$ %ri'ar2 #$2. -$ th$n &r$at$ this I* i$1d a!to'ati&a112 as a n!'"$r L&a11$d an a!to-in&r$'$nt int$/$rJ. This n!'"$r has no '$anin/ and is si'%12 !s$d to id$nti 2 $a&h r$&ord !ni(!$12 a'on/ %ossi"12 'i11ions or h!ndr$ds o 'i11ions. =o,$)$r, thin/s ar$ di $r$nt or Kt2%$H i$1ds. Th$s$ ar$ ,hat ,$ &a11 $n!'$rat$d data and ar$ t2%i&a112 reference data. Th$2 ar$ a1,a2s r$1ati)$12 s'a11 in n!'"$r and ,$ &hoos$ a &od$ or th$ %ri'ar2 #$2 "$&a!s$ ,$ &an &r$at$ th$' and r$)i$, th$' 'an!a112. It a1so h$1%s !s to &r$at$ a &od$ that ,$ &an !s$ and r$ $r to, in &ontrast to th$ I* i$1ds that ha)$ no '$anin/. T2%i&a1 $6a'%1$s ,o!1d "$: SiB$s O S'a11, 0$di!' and Lar/$ ,h$r$ ,$ ar$ a&&!sto'$d to s$$in/ S,0 and L. P$nd$r O 0a1$ and F$'a1$, ,h$r$ ,$ !s$ 0 and F.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 1"


    This '$n! "oard at Star"!&#s sho,s 1ots o %rod!&ts.

    -$ #no, that th$2 ar$ or/aniB$d in /ro!%s, 1i#$ ood and drin#, and $a&h o th$s$ has 'or$ /ro!%s and so on, ri/ht do,n to th$ %arti&!1ar %rod!&t, 1i#$ &ara'$1 'a&&hiato or a %anini. This to%-do,n or/aniBation is &a11$d a hierarch and a%%$ars a11 o)$r th$ %1a&$. L!&#i12 ,$ &an sho, this )$r2 $asi12 and n$at12 in o!r data 'od$1.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 1' 1.4 Products5 T !es and Product 6ierarchies
    @*i'%1$A: To"2, ,h$n ,$ 1oo# &1os$12 at th$ '$n! "oard to tr2 to d$&id$ ,hat to ord$r ,$ &an s$$ 1ots o %ossi"i1iti$s. B!t a t$r a ,hi1$ ,$ &an s$$ a %att$rn that h$1%s !s d$&id$. =o, do ,$ d$a1 ,ith a11 that in o!r 1itt1$ data 'od$1C @To"2A: -$11 *i'%1$, it<s r$a112 (!it$ $as2. -$ d$ in$ so'$thin/ &a11$d a hierarchy. =i$rar&hi$s ar$ )$r2 &o''on and si'%12 '$an an2 sit!ation ,h$r$ th$r$ ar$ %ar$nts, &hi1dr$n, /rand&hi1dr$n and so on. I ,$ 1oo# at th$ Star"!&#s '$n! "oard on th$ ri/ht-hand sid$ ,$ &an s$$ a si'%1$ $6a'%1$ o <$s%r$sso< and !nd$r it a n!'"$r o di $r$nt drin#s. 02 a)orit$ is &ara'$1 'a&&hiato. So in this &as$, th$ to%-1$)$1 o o!r hi$rar&h2 is a %rod!&t &at$/or2 &a11$d $s%r$sso, and th$ n$6t 1$)$1 do,n is a %rod!&t &a11$d &ara'$1 'a&&hiato. @*i'%1$A: ;>. That so!nds ;>. @To"2A: Fina112, ,$ sho, this hi$rar&h2 "2 a dott$d 1in$ in th$ to%-ri/ht hand &orn$r in th$ $ntit2 &a11$d <?$ 5T2%$s5o 5Prod!&ts<. This is or'a112 &a11$d a recursive or reflexive r$1ationshi% and is in or'a112 &a11$d rabbit ears.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 1) 1.17 T !es of Peo!le


    @*i'%1$A: To"2, that 1oo#s ;>. I /!$ss ,$ &an d$a1 ,ith t2%$s o %$o%1$ th$ sa'$ ,a2, &an ,$C @To"2A: :$s, *i'%1$, and t2%$s o $sta"1ish'$nts as ,$11. @*i'%1$A: ;>, that so!nds s$nsi"1$. +nd do th$2 !s$ th$s$ id$nti i$rs in a data"as$C @To"2A: :$s, and ,hat is $)$n "$tt$r is that th$ data"as$ ,i11 a!to'ati&a112 /$n$rat$ a n$, !ni(!$ Id$nti i$r or 2o! and 2o!r )isits and %!r&has$s i 2o! ,ant to /$t a r$ !nd 1at$r.

    1.11 T !es of Peo!le and Establishments


    @*i'%1$A: I s$$, To"2. I /!$ss ,$ &an d$a1 ,ith t2%$s o $sta"1ish'$nts th$ sa'$ ,a2, &an ,$C @To"2A: :$s, *i'%1$. @*i'%1$A: ;>, that so!nds s$nsi"1$. +nd do th$2 !s$ th$s$ id$nti i$rs in a data"as$C @To"2A: :$s, and ,$ &an !s$ o!r n$, !ni(!$ id$nti i$r or 2o! and 2o!r )isits and %!r&has$s in &as$ ,$ ,ant to #$$% tra&# o thin/s. Li#$ 'a2"$ 2o! ,ant to /$t a r$ !nd 1at$r so ,$ n$$d to /$t 2o!r d$tai1s ro' th$ data"as$.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 1.

    @To"2A: B$ or$ ,$ 'o)$ on, 1$t<s ta1# a"o!t $sta"1ish'$nts. ;n$ s%$&ia1 thin/ a"o!t -indsor is that it has a &ast1$ ,h$r$ th$ D!$$n 1i)$s and a )$r2 1ar/$ ro2a1 %ar#, ,h$r$ sh$ #$$%s d$$r. B!t ,h$n ,$ thin# a"o!t th$s$ thin/s, ,$ ind that ,$ &an si'%12 it th$' into o!r d$ inition o $sta"1ish'$nts.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 1/ 1.12 8isits and Purchases9
    =$r$ ,$ &an s$$ 'an2 )isitors to -indsorHs ?o2a1 Sho%%in/ +r&ad$.

    @*i'%1$A: To"2, ,ith so 'an2 %$o%1$, $sta"1ish'$nts and %!r&has$s ho, do th$2 #$$% tra&# o $)$r2thin/C

    @To"2A: -$11, *i'%1$, "2 this ti'$, $)$r2thin/ has its o,n id$nti i$r that is !s$d ,h$r$)$r th$2 n$$d to #$$% tra&#.

    @*i'%1$A: ;>, that so!nds s$nsi"1$. +nd do th$2 !s$ th$s$ id$nti i$rs in a data"as$C

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 1*


    @To"2A: :$s, *i'%1$, and in this dia/ra', ,$ &an s$$ that ,$ &an !s$ th$ !ni(!$ id$nti i$rs that ar$ sho,n as KP>,H or Pri'ar2 >$2s. -$ &an s$$ that ,$ ha)$ a P> or $)$r2 $ntit2 or ta"1$ so ,$ &an "$ %r$tt2 s!r$ ,$ &an /$t ro' an2 ta"1$ to an2 oth$r ta"1$. This is &a11$d navigating aro!nd th$ data 'od$1 and is a /ood t$st or a ,$11-d$si/n$d data 'od$1.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 1$ 1.1" Peo!le and Inheritance
    @To"2A: *i'%1$, 1$t<s ta#$ a &1os$r 1oo# at th$ di $r$nt t2%$s o %$o%1$ ,$ &an ind in -indsor. @*i'%1$A: ;>, To"2. I ho%$ I don<t ha)$ to thin# too '!&h "$&a!s$ I 'i/ht /$t a h$ada&h$C

    @To"2A: No, *i'%1$, I ,i11 do th$ thin#in/ and ta1#in/ and a11 2o! ha)$ to do is nod 2o!r h$ad ,h$n 2o! !nd$rstand. @*i'%1$A: ;>, To"2. I %ro'is$ to do that. @To"2A: -$ a1r$ad2 said that ,$ ha)$ 1o&a1 %$o%1$ and to!rists. Th$r$ ar$ a1,a2s 1ots and 1ots o %$o%1$ )isitin/ -indsor 9ast1$. -h$n ,$ 1oo# at this %i&t!r$, ,$ &an s$$ &$r$'onia1 /!ards in &$r$'onia1 r$d !ni or's, and a "i/ &ro,d, ,ith 'ain12 to!rists "!t a1so sta in sho%s r$s%onsi"1$ or &ontro11in/ th$ &ro,d, to!rists, 1o&a1 %$o%1$ and so on.

    So'$ o th$s$ 1o&a1 %$o%1$ ar$ sho%%$rs and so'$ o th$' ,i11 "$ ,or#in/ in th$ sho%s. -$ ,i11 &a11 th$ ,or#$rs staff and ,$ #no, di $r$nt thin/s a"o!t th$' than th$ thin/s ,$ #no, a"o!t th$ to!rists.

    For $6a'%1$, ,$ ,i11 %ro"a"12 #no, th$ /$nd$r o $)$r2"od2 7!st "2 1oo#in/ at th$'. For sta , ,$ ,i11 !s!a112 a1so #no, th$ir dat$ o "irth and th$ir ho'$ addr$ss.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 2&

    In data 'od$1in/ ,$ ha)$ a )$r2 %o,$r !1 a%%roa&h that ,$ &a11 Inheritance that ,$ &an !s$ h$r$.

    I ,$ ,ant to d$s&ri"$ this in En/1ish, ,$ ,o!1d sa2 that sta inh$rit th$ P$o%1$5T2%$59od$ and /$nd$r ro' th$ %ar$nt $ntit2 o %$o%1$, and in addition, th$2 ha)$ a dat$ o "irth and ho'$ addr$ss.

    For to!rists, ,$ donHt #no, '!&h, $6&$%t or th$ dat$ o th$ir )isit, and 'a2"$, i th$2 "!2 so'$thin/ in a sho% !sin/ a &r$dit &ard, th$n th$ sho% ,o!1d #no, th$ &r$dit &ard d$tai1s. For th$ &$r$'onia1 /!ards in r$d !ni or's, ,$ &an t$11 th$ir ran# "2 1oo#in/ at th$ir !ni or' and 'a2"$ it ,o!1d a1so t$11 !s ,hi&h !nit o th$ ar'2 th$2 "$1on/ to. *o$s that 'a#$ s$ns$, *i'%1$C @*i'%1$A: I thin# so, To"2. Is it 1i#$ sa2in/ that ,$ inh$rit ha)in/ t,o ar's and t,o 1$/s ro' o!r %ar$nts "$&a!s$ th$2 ha)$ t,o ar's and t,o 1$/s, "!t that ,$ ha)$ a1so ha)$ thin/s that ar$ 7!st !sC @To"2A: :$s, *i'%1$ - that<s /r$at - 1$t<s ta#$ a "r$a# and do so'$ sho%%in/G @*i'%1$A: I 1i#$ th$ so!nd o that, To"2. 9an I ha)$ an i&$ &r$a'C @To"2A: :$s, o &o!rs$, *i'%1$ O this dia/ra' sho,s ,$ ar$ doin/ ,$11. It sho, inh$ritan&$ "$t,$$n %$o%1$ and th$ thr$$ di $r$nt t2%$s o %$o%1$:

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 21

    -$ &an s$$ a i$1d 'ar#$d as KP/$ in th$ thr$$ ta"1$s or &$r$'onia1 /!ards, sta to!rists.

    and

    This is !n!s!a1 "$&a!s$ it '$ans a i$1d that is a Pri'ar2 >$2 in th$ thr$$ ta"1$s and a1so a /or$i/n >$2 to th$ P$o%1$ Ta"1$. Th$r$ or$, i 2o!r irst r$&ord ,as a &$r$'onia1 /!ard, th$n ,$ ,o!1d ha)$ a r$&ord in th$ P$o%1$ Ta"1$ ,ith a P$rson5I* o 1 and a r$&ord in th$ &$r$'onia1 /!ard ,ith a P!ard5I* o 1. Si'i1ar12, i o!r s$&ond r$&ord ,as a '$'"$r o sta , ,$ ,o!1d ha)$ a r$&ord in th$ P$o%1$ Ta"1$ ,ith a P$rson5I* o 2 and a r$&ord in th$ Sta Ta"1$ ,ith a Sta 5I* o 3.

    1.1% )taff5 Establishments and Deri'ed /ields


    @*i'%1$A: To"2, ho, do ,$ s%$&i 2 that sta '!st ,or# in so'$ $sta"1ish'$ntC

    @To"2A: *i'%1$, that<s a )$r2 /ood (!$stion. Fort!nat$12, th$ ans,$r is )$r2 $as2. -$ add a on$-to-'an2 r$1ationshi% "$t,$$n th$ sta and $sta"1ish'$nt $ntiti$s. In En/1ish, ,$ ,o!1d sa2 that $)$r2 '$'"$r o sta '!st ,or# in on$ $sta"1ish'$nt and $)$r2 $sta"1ish'$nt &an $'%1o2 'an2 '$'"$rs o sta .

    In th$ dia/ra', ,$ sho, this ,ith a foreign 0e $ntit2.

    "2 th$ Esta"1ish'$nt5I* i$1d in th$ sta

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 22


    So i ,$ 1oo# &1os$12 at th$ sta $ntit2, ,$ ,i11 s$$ K/+H "2 th$ Esta"1ish'$nt5I* i$1d.

    @*i'%1$A: ;>, that so!nds /ood, and I &an s$$ ho, th$ id$nti i$rs ar$ )$r2 i'%ortant. @To"2A: I a' /1ad to h$ar it, *i'%1$. Th$r$ is on$ 'or$ thin/ I ha)$ to sa2. -$ ar$ 1$arnin/ data 'od$1in/ and on$ i'%ortant thin/ a"o!t data 'od$1in/ is that it has to o11o, a s$t o rules. Th$s$ r!1$s h$1% !s to %rod!&$ /ood data 'od$1s and so th$2 ar$ )$r2 i'%ortant. ;n$ o th$ r!1$s is that ,$ &annot in&1!d$ an2 "its o data that &an "$ d$ri)$d ro' an2 oth$r "its o data. For $6a'%1$, ,$ !s!a112 ,ant to #no, ho, 'an2 %$o%1$ ,or# in a sho% or &a $. Th$r$ or$ ,$ in&1!d$ a staff count i$1d ,ith th$ $sta"1ish'$nt. B!t ,h$n it &o'$s to indin/ th$ )a1!$ that /o$s in h$r$, ,$ ,i11 &o!nt th$ r$&ords in th$ Sta Ta"1$ or $a&h $sta"1ish'$nt. Th$r$ or$, it<s a deri'ed field and ,$ &a11 it a na'$ that starts ,ith <d$ri)$d5< to 'a#$ thin/s &1$ar. This is "$&a!s$, a&&ordin/ to th$ r!1$s, ,$ sho!1d not in&1!d$ d$ri)$d i$1ds in o!r data 'od$1 at this $ar12 sta/$. I ha)$ sho,n it h$r$ si'%12 as an $6a'%1$ "$&a!s$ it is a sit!ation that o&&!rs (!it$ o t$n so itHs /ood to r$&o/niB$ it ,h$n 2o! s$$ it.

    *o$s that so!nd s$nsi"1$, *i'%1$C @*i'%1$A: I s!%%os$ so, To"2. B!t I<)$ /ot a h$ada&h$, &an ,$ /o or an i&$ &r$a' no,C

    1.1( .eference Data


    @To"2A: *i'%1$, 2o! &an s$$ that I a' !sin/ a P$nd$r Ta"1$ and P$o%1$ T2%$s Ta"1$. I ha)$ /i)$n th$' "oth na'$s that "$/in ,ith <r$ 5< to 'a#$ it &1$ar that th$2 ar$ r$ $r$n&$ data. This '$ans that th$ )a1!$s don<t &han/$ '!&h and I &an !s$ th$' to d$ in$ ,hat th$ )a1id )a1!$s &an "$. This is a t$&hni(!$ that %ro $ssiona1 data 'od$1$rs !s$ "!t ,$ don<t n$$d to ,orr2 a"o!t it toda2.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 2"


    @*i'%1$A: I<' /1ad to h$ar it, To"2G +1tho!/h it isnHt di i&!1t to !nd$rstand and it s$$'s 1i#$ a /ood id$a. @To"2A: In o!r s'a11 $6a'%1$, ,$ ha)$ on12 o!r #inds o r$ $r$n&$ data a1to/$th$r /$nd$r, t2%$s o $sta"1ish'$nt, %$o%1$ and %rod!&ts.

    1.1* :ringing it all Together


    @To"2A: *i'%1$, i ,$ "rin/ to/$th$r $)$r2thin/ ,$ ha)$ ta1#$d a"o!t, ,$ ,i11 s$$ that ,$ ha)$ (!it$ a /ood data 'od$1 that an2 %ro $ssiona1 ,o!1d "$ %ro!d o . @*i'%1$A: ;>, To"2. *o 2o! thin# I ,i11 !nd$rstand itC @To"2A: L$t '$ h$1% 2o! "2 'a#in/ a 1ist o th$ business rules or o!r 'od$1:

    P$o%1$ &an "$ $ith$r &$r$'onia1 /!ards, sta

    or to!rists.

    Th$r$ ar$ a n!'"$r o $sta"1ish'$nts o di $r$nt t2%$s. To!rists &an 'a#$ )isits to $sta"1ish'$nts and 'a#$ %!r&has$s. Sta assist th$ to!rists ,h$n th$2 'a#$ a %!r&has$.

    + %!r&has$ in)o1)$s on$ %rod!&t.

    @To"2A: ;>, *i'%1$ - ,$ ha)$ a )$r2 ni&$ data 'od$1 and no, ,$ &an ta#$ th$ "r$a# I %ro'is$d 2o!. @*i'%1$A: That<s /r$at, To"2 - &an I ha)$ an i&$ &r$a'C @To"2A: S!r$, "!t "$ or$ ,$ do I sho!1d sa2 so'$thin/ a"o!t P/, ,hi&h a%%$ars in th$ Sta Ta"1$.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 2'

    It<s !n!s!a1 and it<s &a11$d P/ "$&a!s$ it '$ans a i$1d ,hi&h is a Pri'ar2 >$2 in th$ Sta Ta"1$ and a /or$i/n >$2 to th$ P$o%1$ Ta"1$. @*i'%1$A: =''', I<)$ /ot a h$ada&h$, To"2 - &an ,$ %1$as$ /o and /$t an i&$ &r$a'C @To"2A: ;>, *i'%1$. :o!<)$ "$$n a )$r2 /ood /ir1 and 2o! d$s$r)$ a "r$a#. :o! &an ad'ir$ ,hat ,$ ha)$ &r$at$d, ,hi&h is this )$r2 %ro $ssiona1-1oo#in/ data 'od$1.

    1.1- To!-#e'el Model ;ith <ames =nl


    -$ &an sho, o!r data 'od$1 at th$ to%-1$)$1, sho,in/ on12 th$ na'$s o th$ Kthin/s o int$r$st,H ,hi&h ,$ &a11 $ntiti$s or ta"1$s i ,$ ar$ thin#in/ a"o!t a data"as$. This is s!ita"1$ or $6%1ainin/ ,hat ,$ sa, in -indsor to o!r a'i12 or ri$nds. I ,$ ,ant$d to d$s&ri"$ it, ,$ &o!1d si'%12 sa2:

    Th$r$ ar$ 1ots o %$o%1$ in -indsor, in&1!din/ &$r$'onia1 /!ards, sta Th$r$ ar$ a1so 1ots o $sta"1ish'$nts, 1i#$ sho%s and th$ 9ast1$.

    and to!rists.

    To!rists 'ad$ )isits to $sta"1ish'$nts ,h$r$ th$2 'ad$ %!r&has$s o %rod!&ts.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 2)

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 2. 1.12 To!-#e'el Model ;ith +e /ields
    This is ,hat o!r data 'od$1 1oo#s 1i#$ i ,$ sho, #$2 i$1ds on12 and 1$a)$ o!t th$ ?$ $r$n&$ *ata Ta"1$s. This 1$)$1 o dis%1a2 is s!ita"1$ i ,$ ,ant to &on ir' to $a&h oth$r ho, th$ ta"1$s Lor $ntiti$sJ ar$ r$1at$d.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 2/

    1.14 To!-#e'el Model ;ith all Details


    Fina112, this is ,hat o!r data 'od$1 1oo#s 1i#$ i ,$ sho, th$ #$2 i$1ds, a11 th$ data it$'s on12 and th$ ?$ $r$n&$ *ata Ta"1$s. :o! &an s$$ that th$ a'o!nt o d$tai1 in)o1)$d 'a#$s it 'or$ di i&!1t to !nd$rstand ,hatHs /oin/ on and to id$nti 2 ,hat is i'%ortant. This 1$)$1 o dis%1a2 is s!ita"1$ i ,$ ,ant to ta1# a"o!t d$tai1s and d$)$1o% a data"as$ ro' o!r data 'od$1.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 2* 1.27 Ice Cream


    @To"2A: *i'%1$, I<)$ /ot so'$ ,ond$r !1 n$,s or 2o!. @*i'%1$A: I<' /1ad to h$ar it, To"2 - ,hat is itC @To"2A: I ha)$ o!nd 2o!r a)orit$ Bas#in-?o""ins i&$ &r$a' h$r$ in -indsor IJ @*i'%1$A: To"2, ar$ 2o! t$asin/ '$C @To"2A: No, *i'%1$ - 1oo#, th$r$ it is a&ross th$ road ro' -indsor 9ast1$G @*i'%1$A: -o, - that<s /r$at, so I &an ha)$ '2 a)orit$ "!tt$r %$&an i&$ &r$a'.

    1.21 What ha'e ;e learned?


    In this &ha%t$r, ,$ ha)$ 1$arn$d ho, to thin# 1i#$ a data 'od$1$r and ho, to /rad!a112 %!t to/$th$r a data 'od$1 in o!r h$ads. -$ #no, that i ,$ /$t in th$ ha"it o doin/ this r$/!1ar12 it /$ts $asi$r and 'or$ nat!ra1 and soon ,$ ,i11 "$ s$$in/ th$ ,or1d aro!nd !s as %i$&$s o a data 'od$1 that ,$ &an it to/$th$r 1i#$ a 7i/sa, %!BB1$.

    1.22 Please Email Me


    I ho%$ 2o! ha)$ o!nd this t!toria1 !n and !s$ !1. I ,o!1d "$ )$r2 %1$as$d to ha)$ 2o!r &o''$nts O do 2o! 1i#$ this &ha%t$r or ar$ th$r$ an2 &han/$s 2o! ,o!1d r$&o''$ndC :o! &an $'ai1 '$ at "arr2,8data"as$ans,$rs.or/.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 2$

    2. Data Modeling in Denmar0

    Fr$d$ri#s"or/ 9ast1$ in *$n'ar#

    -$ ha)$ 'o)$d this 9ha%t$r to a s$%arat$ do&!'$nt that 2o! &an do,n1oad h$r$ :-

    htt%:44,,,.data"as$ans,$rs.or/4do,n1oads49ha%t$r525L$arn5*ata50od$11in/5Boo#5 or5*$n'ar#.%d

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 "&

    ". Data Modeling in Tur0e


    ".1 Introduction
    In this t!toria1, ,$ ,i11 o11o, t,o 2o!n/ to!rists as th$2 )isit T!r#$2, ,hi&h is a &o!ntr2 ,ith a tr$'$ndo!s histor2 and )$r2 %o%!1ar ,ith to!rists 1oo#in/ or so'$thin/ s%$&ia1.

    ;!r to!rists ar$ *i'%1$, a 10-2$ar o1d /ir1, ,ho 1i#$s si/hts$$in/ and i&$ &r$a' and To"2, *i'%1$<s 12-2$ar-o1d "roth$r, ,ho 1i#$s si/hts$$in/ and d$si/nin/ data 'od$1s. ".1.1 What is this? This is a t!toria1 on data 'od$1in/ or 2o!n/ %$o%1$ that r$%r$s$nts a t2%i&a1 data 'od$1in/ %ro7$&t and i11!strat$s th$ "asi& %rin&i%1$s in)o1)$d.

    ".1.2 Wh is it im!ortant? *ata 'od$1in/ is i'%ortant "$&a!s$ it is th$ o!ndation or so 'an2 a&ti)iti$s:

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 "1


    It %ro)id$s a )$hi&1$ or &o''!ni&ation a'on/ a ,id$ )ari$t2 o int$r$st$d %arti$s, in&1!din/ 'ana/$'$nt, d$)$1o%$rs, data ana12sts, *B+s and 'or$. + %h2si&a1 data"as$ &an $asi12 "$ /$n$rat$d ro' a data 'od$1 !sin/ a &o''$r&ia1 data 'od$1in/ too1.

    ".1." What Will I #earn? :o! ,i11 1$arn:

    =o, to &r$at$ a data 'od$1, startin/ ro' s&rat&h Th$ i'%ortant d$si/n %rin&i%1$s in)o1)$d -hat a t2%i&a1 data 'od$1 1oo#s 1i#$

    ".2 To!ics
    In this &ha%t$r, ,$ ,i11 &o)$r so'$ "asi& &on&$%ts in data 'od$1in/: Pri'ar2 and For$i/n >$2s ;n$-to-0an2 and 0an2-to-0an2 ?$1ationshi%s =i$rar&hi$s and Inh$ritan&$ ?$ $r$n&$ *ata

    "." #et$s get started


    @To"2A: -$ ha)$ 7!st arri)$d in T!r#$2. -hat ,o!1d 2o! 1i#$ to do toda2C @*i'%1$A: To"2, It<s /r$at "$in/ in T!r#$2 ,hi&h is so $6&itin/ and has so 'an2 thin/s to s$$ and $n7o2.

    @To"2A: I<' /1ad 2o! 1i#$ it, *i'%1$. -hat ,o!1d 2o! 1i#$ to do toda2C @*i'%1$A: To"2, ,$ ha)$ &o'$ to T!r#$2, and I ,o!1d 1i#$ to s$$ Istan"!1 and )isit th$ B1!$ 0os(!$, "$&a!s$ it<s on$ o th$ 'ost %o%!1ar to!rist attra&tions h$r$, th$n I ,o!1d 1i#$ to do so'$ sho%%in/, th$n s$$ th$ s$a, and I ,o!1d 1i#$ to inish !% at Star"!&#s.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 "2

    @To"2A: ;>. L$t<s /o.

    -$ ar$ startin/ ro' Istan"!1, ,hi&h is a "$a!ti !1 %1a&$F

    To"2 and *i'%1$ 1$a)$ En/1and and arri)$ in T!r#$2F

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 "" ".% &rri'ing at Istanbul

    @*i'%1$A -o,, To"2, 1oo# at a11 th$s$ %$o%1$.

    @To"2A :$s, *i'%1$, ,h$n ,$ 1oo# aro!nd th$r$ ar$ so 'an2 %$o%1$, sho%s, "an#s and so onG So ,$ &an start thin#in/ a"o!t o!r data 'od$1.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 "'

    ".( )tarting our Data Model


    @*i'%1$A: =o, do ,$ /$t start$dC @To"2A: -$11, ,$ #no, that ,$ ha)$ %$o%1$ and %1a&$s. Th$ si'%1$st start is to &a11 a11 th$s$ %1a&$s establishments. Th$n ,$ si'%12 ha)$ di $r$nt #inds o $sta"1ish'$nts.

    +nd ,$ ha)$ %$o%1$ - 1o&a1 %$o%1$, to!rists, st!d$nts, %$o%1$ %assin/ thro!/h, %$o%1$ ,or#in/ h$r$, %$o%1$ h$r$ on "!sin$ss and so on. @*i'%1$A: =''' - so ho, do ,$ trans1at$ ,hat ,$ #no, to h$1% !s /$t start$d ,ith o!r data 'od$1C @To"2A: L$tHs start a dia/ra' ,ith %$o%1$ and $sta"1ish'$nts. This si'%1$ dia/ra' is /oin/ to /ro, into a data 'od$1.

    ".* Identifiers and Primar

    @*i'%1$A: To"2, I a' on$ o th$s$ %$o%1$ so ho, do I &r$at$ a !ni(!$ id$ntit2 or '2s$1 to 'a#$ '$ di $r$nt ro' $)$r2"od2 $1s$C @To"2A: -$ ,i11 /i)$ $)$r2 %$rson a uni,ue identifier and $)$r2 $sta"1ish'$nt its o,n !ni(!$ id$nti i$r. -h$n ,$ !s$ th$s$ ,$ &a11 th$' Primar +e s, and sho, th$' in th$ dia/ra' ,ith a P+ on th$ 1$ t-hand sid$. @*i'%1$A: That so!nds /ood, To"2, "!t I don<t #no, ,hat it '$ans. @To"2A: -$11, *i'%1$, 1$t<s 1oo# at ho, ,$ !s$ th$s$ id$nti i$rs...

    +e s

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 ")


    -$ ha)$ 'ana/$d to ind a (!i$t ar$a ,h$r$ a )$r2 ha%%2 'an is s$11in/ a T!r#ish a)orit$, &a11$d SI0IT I0J So, in oth$r ,ords, ,$ ha)$ on$ %$rson, ,ho is th$ ha%%2 'an, and on$ $sta"1ish'$nt, ,hi&h is his si'%1$ sta11. So ,$ &an &r$at$ a %$o%1$ r$&ord ,ith a %$rson I* o 1 and an $sta"1ish'$nts r$&ord or th$ sta11, ,ith an $sta"1ish'$nt I* o 3.

    ".- .elationshi!s and /oreign +e s


    @To"2A: *i'%1$, no, ,$ &an add so'$ int$r$stin/ d$tai1s "$&a!s$ ,$ #no, that on$ %$rson &an )isit 'an2 $sta"1ish'$nts. -$ a1so #no, that on$ $sta"1ish'$nt is )isit$d "2 'an2 to!rists. Th$n ,$ &a11 this a man -to-man relationshi! "$t,$$n %$o%1$ and $sta"1ish'$nts. To 'a#$ it $asi$r or 2o! to !nd$rstand I ha)$ $6%and$d th$ man -to-man relationshi! into t,o di $r$nt thin/s, ,hi&h ar$ &a11$d one-to-man relationshi!s. @*i'%1$A: So To"2, is that 1i#$ sa2in/ that on$ %$rson &an 'a#$ 'an2 )isits to 'an2 $sta"1ish'$ntsC

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 ".

    @To"2A: :$s, *i'%1$ - that<s /r$at - and ,$ &an a1so sa2 that on$ $sta"1ish'$nt &an ha)$ )isits ro' 'an2 %$o%1$. +t this %oint, ,$ &an sho, ho, a11 th$s$ "o6$s ar$ r$1at$d, and that is a )$r2 "i/ st$%, "$&a!s$ it ta#$s !s to th$ id$a o <r$1ationshi%s<.

    -$ &an &a11 th$s$ "o6$s tables - or entities i ,$ ,ant to s%$a# to %ro $ssiona1 data 'od$1$rs. + ta"1$ si'%12 stor$s data a"o!t on$ %arti&!1ar #ind o KThin/ o Int$r$stH. For $6a'%1$, %$o%1$ or $sta"1ish'$nts. Ea&h r$&ord in a ta"1$ ,i11 "$ id$nti i$d "2 its o,n !ni(!$ id$nti i$r, ,hi&h ,$ &a11 th$ Primary Key. It is not !s!a112 $as2 to ind a s%$&i i& it$' o data a1r$ad2 in th$ ta"1$ that ,i11 a1,a2s "$ !ni(!$. For $6a'%1$, in th$ Stat$s, So&ia1 S$&!rit2 N!'"$rs ar$ s!%%os$d to "$ !ni(!$, "!t L or )ario!s 1$/iti'at$ r$asonsJ that is not a1,a2s th$ &as$. +1so, or$i/n )isitors and to!rists ,i11 not ha)$ SSNs. Th$r$ or$, it is "$st %ra&ti&$ to &r$at$ a n$, i$1d 7!st or this %!r%os$. This ,i11 "$ ,hat is &a11$d an auto-increment data t2%$, ,hi&h ,i11 "$ /$n$rat$d a!to'ati&a112 "2 th$ *ata"as$ 0ana/$'$nt S2st$' L*B0SJ at r!n-ti'$. This is &a11$d a surrogate 0e and it do$s not ha)$ an2 oth$r %!r%os$.

    It is si'%12 a #$2 that stands or so'$thin/ $1s$. It is a '$anin/1$ss int$/$r that is /$n$rat$d a!to'ati&a112 "2 th$ data"as$ 'ana/$'$nt so t,ar$, s!&h as ;ra&1$ or SDL S$r)$r, Th$ )a1!$s ar$ !s!a112 &ons$&!ti)$ int$/$rs, startin/ ,ith 1,2,3,4 and so on.

    No, ,$ &an s$$ ho, !s$ !1 o!r id$nti i$rs &an "$ "$&a!s$ ,$ &an in&1!d$ th$ %$rson and $sta"1ish'$nt id$nti i$rs in o!r )isits ta"1$. Th$n th$ P$rson5I* i$1d "$&o'$s a 1in# to a r$&ord or a %$rson in th$ P$rson Ta"1$. This 1in# is ,hat is &a11$d a /oreign +e and ,$ &an s$$ it<s sho,n ,ith </+< on th$ 1$ thand sid$.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 "/

    ".2 Products and Product T !es


    @*i'%1$A: To"2, ,h$n ,$ /o into a sho% ,$ ,ant to "!2 so'$thin/. +nd th$r$ ar$ tho!sands and tho!sands o %ossi"i1iti$s. =o, do ,$ d$a1 ,ith a11 that in o!r 1itt1$ data 'od$1C @To"2A: -$11 *i'%1$, it<s r$a112 (!it$ $as2. It<s 1i#$ a11 o!r 'od$1in/ ,h$r$ ,$ 1oo# or si'%1$ %att$rns that &o)$r 'an2 sit!ations. @*i'%1$A: ='' - I don<t #no, ,hat that '$ans. 0a2"$ i 2o! sho,$d '$ I 'i/ht !nd$rstand it. @To"2A: ;>. E)$r2thin/ that ,$ "!2 is &a11$d a %rod!&t, and a11 ,$ ha)$ to do is si'%12 d$ in$ th$ t2%$ o $a&h %rod!&t - s!&h as a &o $$, '! in or a n$,s%a%$r.

    Th$n ,$ dra, a 1itt1$ "o6 &a11$d Products and sa2 that $)$r2 %rod!&t has a t2%$. In oth$r ,ords, th$r$ is a r$1ationshi% "$t,$$n th$ Products and Product_Types "o6$s.

    Th$ 1in$s ar$ &a11$d relationshi!s and th$2 ar$ )$r2 i'%ortant in data 'od$1in/. -$ ar$ no, &r$atin/ an Entit -.elationshi! Diagram or HE.DH. This dia/ra' sho,s on12 a 1in$ or th$ r$1ationshi%:

    Th$ s2'"o1 at th$ %rod!&ts $nd is &a11$d crows feet and it sho,s th$ many $nd. Th$ short strai/ht 1in$ at th$ Prod!&t5T2%$s $nd sho,s th$ one $nd. In oth$r ,ords, this 1in$ sho,s a on$-to-'an2 r$1ationshi%.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 "*

    *i'%1$, 1$t '$ $6%1ain a"o!t th$ dott$d 1in$. It '$ans that th$ r$1ationshi% r$s!1ts in a or$i/n #$2 in th$ Prod!&ts Ta"1$. This is sho,n "2 th$ KF>H s2'"o1 n$6t to th$ product_type_code i$1d and it '$ans that th$r$ is a 1in# "a&# to th$ Prod!&t5T2%$s. =o,$)$r, th$ %ri'ar2 #$2 is on12 th$ Prod!&t5I*, and o &o!rs$, this is sho,n "2 th$ KP>H s2'"o1 n$6t to th$ Product3ID i$1d. Lat$r, ,h$n ,$ ta1# a"o!t inh$ritan&$, ,$ ,i11 !s$ a strai/ht 1in$, in &ontrast to this dott$d 1in$ h$r$. This is to sho, that th$ or$i/n #$2 i$1d is a1so a %ri'ar2 #$2.

    I ha)$ to sa2 so'$thin/ a "it di i&!1t a"o!t %ri'ar2 #$2s ri/ht no,. In th$ Prod!&ts Ta"1$, ,$ ha)$ to a11o, or a )$r2 1ar/$ n!'"$r o %rod!&ts "$in/ stor$d. Th$r$ or$ ,$ !s$ an I* i$1d or th$ Pri'ar2 #$2. -$ th$n &r$at$ this I* i$1d a!to'ati&a112 as a n!'"$r L&a11$d an a!to-in&r$'$nt int$/$rJ. This n!'"$r has no '$anin/ and is si'%12 !s$d to id$nti 2 $a&h r$&ord !ni(!$12 a'on/ %ossi"12 'i11ions or h!ndr$ds o 'i11ions. =o,$)$r, thin/s ar$ di $r$nt or t !e i$1ds. Th$s$ ar$ ,hat ,$ &a11 $n!'$rat$d data and ar$ t2%i&a112 r$ $r$n&$ data. Th$2 ar$ a1,a2s r$1ati)$12 s'a11 in n!'"$r and ,$ &hoos$ a &od$ or th$ %ri'ar2 #$2 "$&a!s$ ,$ &an &r$at$ th$' and r$)i$, th$' 'an!a112. It a1so h$1%s !s to &r$at$ a &od$ that ,$ &an !s$ and r$ $r to, in &ontrast to th$ I* i$1ds that ha)$ no '$anin/. T2%i&a1 $6a'%1$s ,o!1d "$:

    SiB$s O S'a11, 0$di!' and Lar/$ ,h$r$ ,$ ar$ a&&!sto'$d to s$$in/ S,0 and L. P$nd$r O 0a1$ and F$'a1$, ,h$r$ ,$ !s$ 0, F and E or En#no,n.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 "$


    This '$n! "oard sho,s a t2%i&a1 '$n! in a T!r#ish r$sta!rant that s$r)$s a ,id$ ran/$ o ood and drin#.

    -$ &an s$$ that th$2 ar$ or/aniB$d in /ro!%s, 1i#$ d$ss$rts and hot and &o1d drin#s, and $a&h o th$s$ has %rod!&ts, 1i#$ a%%1$ "a#1a)a or t!r#ish &o $$. This to%-do,n or/aniBation is &a11$d a hierarch and a%%$ars a11 o)$r th$ %1a&$ in o!r ,or1d. L!&#i12 ,$ &an sho, this )$r2 $asi12 and n$at12 in o!r data 'od$1.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 '&

    ".4 Products5 T !es and Product 6ierarchies


    @*i'%1$A: To"2, ,h$n ,$ 1oo# &1os$12 at th$ '$n! to tr2 to d$&id$ ,hat to ord$r ,$ &an s$$ 1ots o %ossi"i1iti$s B!t a t$r a ,hi1$ ,$ &an s$$ a %att$rn that h$1%s !s d$&id$. =o, do ,$ d$a1 ,ith a11 that in o!r 1itt1$ data 'od$1C @To"2A: -$11 *i'%1$, it<s r$a112 (!it$ $as2. -$ d$ in$ so'$thin/ &a11$d a hierarch . =i$rar&hi$s ar$ )$r2 &o''on and si'%12 '$an an2 sit!ation ,h$r$ th$r$ ar$ %ar$nts, &hi1dr$n, /rand&hi1dr$n and so on. I ,$ 1oo# at this '$n! "oard at th$ to% ,$ &an s$$ h$adin/s sa2in/ K*$ss$rtsH and "$1o, K=ot and 9o1d B$)$ra/$sH.

    So in this &as$, th$ to%-1$)$1 o o!r hi$rar&h2 is KFood and *rin#H. KFoodH has 7!st on$ &at$/or2, ,hi&h is K*$ss$rtsH. K*rin#H has t,o &at$/ori$s, ,hi&h ar$ K9o1d *rin#sH and K=ot *rin#sH. Th$n K9o1d *rin#sH has t,o &at$/ori$s, ,hi&h ar$ K+%%1$-Tr$$H and K;th$rH.

    ME()

    DESSERTS

    HOT BE ER!" E L#ST

    COLD BE ER!" E L#ST

    !pple Tree $%i&es

    Other Cold Be'erages

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 '1

    @*i'%1$A: I thin# I !nd$rstand that, it so!nds ;>. @To"2A: Fina112, ,$ sho, this hi$rar&h2 "2 a dott$d 1in$ in th$ to%-ri/ht hand &orn$r in th$ $ntit2 &a11$d <?$ 5T2%$s5o 5Prod!&ts<. This is or'a112 &a11$d a Recursive or Reflexive r$1ationshi% and is in or'a112 &a11$d rabbit ears.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 '2 ".17 T !es of Peo!le
    @*i'%1$A: To"2, that 1oo#s ;>. I /!$ss ,$ &an d$a1 ,ith t2%$s o %$o%1$ th$ sa'$ ,a2, &an ,$C @To"2A: :$s, *i'%1$, and t2%$s o $sta"1ish'$nts as ,$11. @*i'%1$A: ;>, that so!nds s$nsi"1$. +nd do th$2 !s$ th$s$ id$nti i$rs in a data"as$C @To"2A: :$s, and ,hat is $)$n "$tt$r is that th$ data"as$ ,i11 a!to'ati&a112 /$n$rat$ a n$, !ni(!$ id$nti i$r or 2o! and 2o!r )isits and %!r&has$s i 2o! ,ant to /$t a r$ !nd 1at$r.

    ".11 T !es of Peo!le and Establishments


    @*i'%1$A: To"2, that 1oo#s ;>. I /!$ss ,$ &an d$a1 ,ith t2%$s o $sta"1ish'$nts th$ sa'$ ,a2, &an ,$C @To"2A: :$s, *i'%1$. @*i'%1$A: ;>, that so!nds s$nsi"1$. +nd do th$2 !s$ th$s$ id$nti i$rs in a data"as$C @To"2A: :$s, and ,$ &an !s$ o!r n$, !ni(!$ id$nti i$r or 2o! and 2o!r )isits and %!r&has$s in &as$ ,$ ,ant to #$$% tra&# o thin/s. Li#$ 'a2"$ 2o! ,ant to /$t a r$ !nd 1at$r so ,$ n$$d to /$t 2o!r d$tai1s ro' th$ data"as$.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 '"

    @To"2A: B$ or$ ,$ 'o)$ on, 1$t<s ta1# a"o!t $sta"1ish'$nts. In T!r#$2, th$r$ ar$ 'an2 di $r$nt #inds o $sta"1ish'$nts, 1i#$ sho%s, "an#s, &a $s, r$sta!rants, hot$1s, hos%ita1s, /ara/$s and so on. B!t ,h$n ,$ thin# a"o!t th$s$ thin/s, ,$ ind that ,$ &an si'%12 it th$' into o!r d$ inition o $sta"1ish'$nts and id$nti 2 th$' as di $r$nt t2%$s o $sta"1ish'$nts.

    ".12 8isits and Purchases9


    =$r$ ,$ &an s$$ t,o )isitors ta#in/ to a sta11ho1d$r in a BaBaar.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 ''

    @*i'%1$A: To"2, ,ith so 'an2 to!rists, sta11s, sho%s and thin/s to "!2, ho, do ,$ #$$% tra&# o $)$r2thin/C @To"2A: -$11, *i'%1$, "2 this ti'$, $)$r2thin/ has its o,n id$nti i$r that is !s$d ,h$r$)$r th$2 n$$d to #$$% tra&#. @*i'%1$A: ;>, that so!nds s$nsi"1$. +nd do ,$ !s$ th$s$ id$nti i$rs in a data"as$C

    @To"2A: :$s, *i'%1$, and in this dia/ra', ,$ &an s$$ that ,$ &an !s$ th$ !ni(!$ id$nti i$rs that ar$ sho,n as KP>,H or %ri'ar2 #$2s. -$ &an s$$ that ,$ ha)$ a P> or $)$r2 $ntit2 or ta"1$ so ,$ &an "$ %r$tt2 s!r$ ,$ &an /$t ro' an2 ta"1$ to an2 oth$r ta"1$. This is &a11$d navigating aro!nd th$ data 'od$1 and is a /ood t$st or a ,$11-d$si/n$d data 'od$1.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 ') ".1" Peo!le and Inheritance
    @To"2A: *i'%1$, 1$t<s ta#$ a &1os$r 1oo# at th$ di $r$nt t2%$s o %$o%1$ ,$ &an ind in Istan"!1. @*i'%1$A: ;>, To"2. I ho%$ I don<t ha)$ to thin# too '!&h "$&a!s$ I 'i/ht /$t a h$ada&h$C

    @To"2A: No, *i'%1$, I ,i11 do th$ thin#in/ and ta1#in/ and a11 2o! ha)$ to do is nod 2o!r h$ad ,h$n 2o! !nd$rstand. @*i'%1$A: ;>, To"2. I %ro'is$ to do that. @To"2A: -$ a1r$ad2 said that ,$ ha)$ 1o&a1 %$o%1$ and to!rists. Th$r$ ar$ a1,a2s 1ots o %$o%1$ )isitin/ th$ B1!$ 0os(!$. -h$n ,$ 1oo# at this t2%i&a1 str$$t s&$n$, ,$ &an s$$ sho%%$rs, sta11ho1d$rs, ,or#$rs and 1o&a1 %$o%1$.

    -$ !s!a112 #no, di $r$nt thin/s a"o!t th$ sta11ho1d$rs and ,or#$rs than th$ thin/s ,$ #no, a"o!t th$ to!rists. For $6a'%1$, ,$ ,i11 %ro"a"12 #no, th$ /$nd$r o $)$r2"od2 7!st "2 1oo#in/ at th$'. For ,or#$rs, ,$ 'i/ht a1so #no, thin/s r$1at$d to th$ir $'%1o2'$nt, s!&h as th$ir dat$ o "irth and th$ir ho'$ addr$ss.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 '.

    In data 'od$1in/ ,$ ha)$ a )$r2 %o,$r !1 a%%roa&h that ,$ &a11 Inheritance that ,$ &an !s$ h$r$. I ,$ ,ant to d$s&ri"$ this in En/1ish, ,$ ,o!1d sa2 that sta inh$rit th$ P$o%1$5T2%$59od$ and /$nd$r ro' th$ %ar$nt $ntit2 o %$o%1$, and in addition, th$2 ha)$ a dat$ o "irth and ho'$ addr$ss. For to!rists, ,$ donHt #no, '!&h, $6&$%t or th$ dat$ o th$ir )isit, and 'a2"$, i th$2 "!2 so'$thin/ in a sho% !sin/ a &r$dit &ard, th$n th$ sho% ,o!1d #no, th$ &r$dit &ard d$tai1s. *o$s that 'a#$ s$ns$, *i'%1$C @*i'%1$A: I thin# so, To"2. Is it 1i#$ sa2in/ that ,$ inh$rit ha)in/ t,o ar's and t,o 1$/s ro' o!r %ar$nts "$&a!s$ th$2 ha)$ t,o ar's and t,o 1$/s, "!t that ,$ ha)$ a1so ha)$ thin/s that ar$ 7!st !sC @To"2A: :$s, *i'%1$ - that<s /r$at - 1$t<s ta#$ a "r$a# and do so'$ sho%%in/G @*i'%1$A: I 1i#$ th$ so!nd o that, To"2. 9an I ha)$ an i&$ &r$a'C @To"2A: :$s, o &o!rs$, *i'%1$ O this dia/ra' sho,s ,$ ar$ doin/ ,$11. It sho,s inh$ritan&$ "$t,$$n %$o%1$ and th$ t,o di $r$nt t2%$s o %$o%1$:

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 '/

    -$ &an s$$ a i$1d 'ar#$d as KPFH in th$ ta"1$s or sta

    and to!rists.

    This is !n!s!a1 "$&a!s$ it '$ans a i$1d that is a Pri'ar2 >$2 in th$ thr$$ ta"1$s and a1so a /or$i/n >$2 to th$ P$o%1$ Ta"1$. Th$r$ or$, i 2o!r irst r$&ord ,as a '$'"$r o sta , th$n ,$ ,o!1d ha)$ a r$&ord in th$ P$o%1$ Ta"1$ ,ith a P$rson5I* o 1 and a r$&ord in th$ sta ta"1$ ,ith a Sta 5I* o 3. Si'i1ar12, i o!r s$&ond r$&ord ,as a to!rist, ,$ ,o!1d ha)$ a r$&ord in th$ P$rson Ta"1$ ,ith a P$rson5I* o 2 and a r$&ord in th$ to!rist ta"1$ ,ith a Sta 5I* o 3.

    ".1% )taff5 Establishments and Deri'ed /ields


    @*i'%1$A: To"2, ho, do ,$ s%$&i 2 that sta '!st ,or# in so'$ $sta"1ish'$ntC

    @To"2A: *i'%1$, that<s a )$r2 /ood (!$stion. Fort!nat$12, th$ ans,$r is )$r2 $as2. -$ add a on$-to-'an2 r$1ationshi% "$t,$$n th$ sta

    and $sta"1ish'$nt $ntiti$s

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 '*


    In En/1ish, ,$ ,o!1d sa2 that $)$r2 '$'"$r o sta '!st ,or# in on$ $sta"1ish'$nt and $)$r2 $sta"1ish'$nt &an $'%1o2 'an2 '$'"$rs o sta . In th$ dia/ra', ,$ sho, this ,ith a /oreign +e "2 th$ Esta"1ish'$nt5I* i$1d in th$ sta $ntit2. So i ,$ 1oo# &1os$12 at th$ sta $ntit2, ,$ ,i11 s$$ 1/+1 "2 th$ Esta"1ish'$nt5I* i$1d. @*i'%1$A: ;>, that so!nds /ood, and I &an s$$ ho, th$ id$nti i$rs ar$ )$r2 i'%ortant. @To"2A: I a' /1ad to h$ar it, *i'%1$. Th$r$ is on$ 'or$ thin/ I ha)$ to sa2. -$ ar$ 1$arnin/ data 'od$1in/ and on$ i'%ortant thin/ a"o!t data 'od$1in/ is that it has to o11o, a s$t o rules. Th$s$ r!1$s h$1% !s to %rod!&$ /ood data 'od$1s and so th$2 ar$ )$r2 i'%ortant. ;n$ o th$ r!1$s is that ,$ &annot in&1!d$ an2 "its o data that &an "$ d$ri)$d ro' an2 oth$r "its o data. For $6a'%1$, ,$ !s!a112 ,ant to #no, ho, 'an2 %$o%1$ ,or# in a sho% or &a $. Th$r$ or$ ,$ in&1!d$ a staff Count i$1d ,ith th$ $sta"1ish'$nt. B!t ,h$n it &o'$s to indin/ th$ )a1!$ that /o$s in h$r$, ,$ ,i11 &o!nt th$ r$&ords in th$ Sta Ta"1$ or $a&h $sta"1ish'$nt. Th$r$ or$, it<s a deri'ed /ield and ,$ &a11 it a na'$ that starts ,ith <d$ri)$d5< to 'a#$ thin/s &1$ar. This is "$&a!s$, a&&ordin/ to th$ r!1$s, ,$ sho!1d not in&1!d$ d$ri)$d i$1ds in o!r data 'od$1 at this $ar12 sta/$. I ha)$ sho,n it h$r$ si'%12 as an $6a'%1$ "$&a!s$ it is a sit!ation that o&&!rs (!it$ o t$n so itHs /ood to r$&o/niB$ it ,h$n 2o! s$$ it.

    *o$s that so!nd s$nsi"1$, *i'%1$C @*i'%1$A: I s!%%os$ so, To"2. B!t I<)$ /ot a h$ada&h$, &an ,$ /o to Star"!&#s no,C

    ".1( .eser'ations and >eneric Data Models


    @To"2A: *i'%1$, this "it is (!it$ hard-/oin/ so i 2o! ,ant to ta#$ a r$st, thatHs ;>. @*i'%1$A: ;>, To"2, I ,i11 7!st sit (!i$t12 and ,at&h th$ %$o%1$ I0J

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 '$


    @To"2A: P$o%1$ 'a#$ r$s$r)ations $)$r2 da2 a11 aro!nd th$ ,or1d. Th$s$ r$s$r)ations ha)$ a 1ot in &o''on: =ot$1 "oo#in/s, air1in$ "oo#in/s, th$atr$s and sho,s, a%%oint'$nts to s$$ a do&tor or d$ntist and so on. Th$ "asi& &o''on thin/s ar$ a dat$ and ti'$, !s!a112 a s%$&i i& a&i1it2, 1i#$ a hot$1, an air1in$ s$at, a th$atr$ and so on.

    This '$ans that ,$ &an id$nti 2 ,hat th$2 ha)$ in &o''on and ,hat th$2 ha)$ that is di $r$nt and s%$&i i& to th$ t2%$ o a%%oint'$nt.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 )&


    ".12.1 .eser'ations for a 6otel =$r$ is a )$r2 "$a!ti !1 and !ni(!$ hot$1 in th$ &a)$s at :!na# E)1$ri La"o!t 400 #' ro' Istan"!1J, ,hi&h has roo's datin/ "a&# to th$ 3th &$nt!r2. For a hot$1, o &o!rs$, 2o! ,o!1d "oo# or a s%$&i i& ni/ht Lor ni/htJ and 'a2"$ a nons'o#in/ roo' "!t that is a"o!t a11.

    6otel in the Ca'es at ?una0 E'leri5 Tur0e

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 )1

    ".12.2 .eser'ations for Whirling Der'ishes + )$r2 !n!s!a1 s%$&ta&1$ that is !ni(!$ to T!r#$2 is th$ si/ht o -hir1in/ *$r)ish$s dan&in/. It is %art o th$ 0!s1i' r$1i/io!s %ra&ti&$ o th$ dis&i%1$s For this r$s$r)ation, 2o! ,o!1d "oo# or a s%$&i i& sho, and a s$at at th$ %ri&$ 2o! ,ant$d.

    ".12." >eneric Data Model for .eser'ations In this 'od$1, ,$ d$ in$ a a&i1it2 to "$ ,hat ,$ ar$ 'a#in/ a r$s$r)ation or. This data 'od$1 is sho,n on this %a/$ o o!r *ata"as$ +ns,$rs -$" sit$:

    htt%:44,,,.data"as$ans,$rs.or/4data5'od$1s4/$n$ri&5r$s$r)ations4/$n$ri&5r$s$r) ations5inh$ritan&$5 or5t!r#$2.ht'

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 )2

    ".1* .eference Data


    @To"2A: *i'%1$, 2o! &an s$$ that I a' !sin/ a P$nd$r Ta"1$ and P$o%1$ T2%$s Ta"1$. I ha)$ /i)$n th$' "oth na'$s that "$/in ,ith <r$ 5< to 'a#$ it &1$ar that th$2 ar$ r$ $r$n&$ data.

    This '$ans that th$ )a1!$s don<t &han/$ '!&h and I &an !s$ th$' to d$ in$ ,hat th$ )a1id )a1!$s &an "$. This is a t$&hni(!$ that %ro $ssiona1 data 'od$1$rs !s$ "!t ,$ don<t n$$d to ,orr2 a"o!t it toda2. @*i'%1$A: I<' /1ad to h$ar it, To"2G +1tho!/h it isnHt di i&!1t to !nd$rstand and it s$$'s 1i#$ a /ood id$a. @To"2A: In o!r s'a11 $6a'%1$, ,$ ha)$ on12 o!r #inds o r$ $r$n&$ data a1to/$th$r /$nd$r, t2%$s o $sta"1ish'$nt, %$o%1$ and %rod!&ts.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 )"

    ".1- :ringing it all Together


    @To"2A: *i'%1$, i ,$ "rin/ to/$th$r $)$r2thin/ ,$ ha)$ ta1#$d a"o!t, ,$ ,i11 s$$ that ,$ ha)$ (!it$ a /ood data 'od$1 that an2 %ro $ssiona1 ,o!1d "$ %ro!d o . @*i'%1$A: ;>, To"2. *o 2o! thin# I ,i11 !nd$rstand itC @To"2A: L$t '$ h$1% 2o! "2 'a#in/ a 1ist o th$ business rules or o!r 'od$1:

    P$o%1$ &an "$ $ith$r sta

    or to!rists.

    Th$r$ ar$ a n!'"$r o $sta"1ish'$nts o di $r$nt t2%$s. To!rists &an 'a#$ )isits to $sta"1ish'$nts and 'a#$ %!r&has$s. Sta assist th$ to!rists ,h$n th$2 'a#$ a %!r&has$.

    + %!r&has$ in)o1)$s on$ or 'or$ %rod!&ts.

    @To"2A: ;>, *i'%1$ - ,$ ha)$ a )$r2 ni&$ data 'od$1 and no, ,$ &an ta#$ th$ "r$a# I %ro'is$d 2o!. @*i'%1$A: That<s /r$at, To"2 - &an ,$ /o to Star"!&#sC @To"2A: S!r$, "!t "$ or$ ,$ do I sho!1d sa2 so'$thin/ a"o!t P/, ,hi&h a%%$ars in th$ Sta Ta"1$. It<s !n!s!a1 and it<s &a11$d P/ "$&a!s$ it '$ans a i$1d ,hi&h is a Pri'ar2 >$2 in th$ Sta Ta"1$ and a /or$i/n >$2 to th$ P$o%1$ Ta"1$. @*i'%1$A: =''', I<)$ /ot a h$ada&h$, To"2 - &an ,$ %1$as$ /o to Star"!&#sC

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 )'

    @To"2A: ;>, *i'%1$. :o!<)$ "$$n a )$r2 /ood /ir1 and 2o! d$s$r)$ a "r$a#. :o! &an ad'ir$ ,hat ,$ ha)$ &r$at$d, ,hi&h is this )$r2 %ro $ssiona1-1oo#in/ data 'od$1.

    ".12 To!-#e'el Model ;ith <ames =nl


    -$ &an sho, o!r data 'od$1 at th$ to%-1$)$1, sho,in/ on12 th$ na'$s o th$ Kthin/s o int$r$st,H ,hi&h ,$ &a11 $ntiti$s or ta"1$s i ,$ ar$ thin#in/ a"o!t a data"as$. This is s!ita"1$ or $6%1ainin/ ,hat ,$ sa, in -indsor to o!r a'i12 or ri$nds. I ,$ ,ant$d to d$s&ri"$ it, ,$ &o!1d si'%12 sa2:

    Th$r$ ar$ 1ots o %$o%1$ in -indsor, in&1!din/ &$r$'onia1 /!ards, sta Th$r$ ar$ a1so 1ots o $sta"1ish'$nts, 1i#$ sho%s and th$ 9ast1$.

    and to!rists.

    To!rists 'ad$ )isits to $sta"1ish'$nts ,h$r$ th$2 'ad$ %!r&has$s o %rod!&ts.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 )) ".14 To!-#e'el Model ;ith +e /ields
    This is ,hat o!r data 'od$1 1oo#s 1i#$ i ,$ sho, >$2 i$1ds on12 and 1$a)$ o!t th$ ?$ $r$n&$ *ata Ta"1$s. This 1$)$1 o dis%1a2 is s!ita"1$ i ,$ ,ant to &on ir' to $a&h oth$r ho, th$ ta"1$s Lor $ntiti$sJ ar$ r$1at$d.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 ). ".27 To!-#e'el Model ;ith all Details
    Fina112, this is ,hat o!r data 'od$1 1oo#s 1i#$ i ,$ sho, th$ #$2 i$1ds, a11 th$ data it$'s on12 and 'ost o th$ ?$ $r$n&$ *ata Ta"1$s. :o! &an s$$ that th$ a'o!nt o d$tai1 in)o1)$d 'a#$s it 'or$ di i&!1t to !nd$rstand ,hatHs /oin/ on and to id$nti 2 ,hat is i'%ortant. This 1$)$1 o dis%1a2 is s!ita"1$ i ,$ ,ant to ta1# a"o!t d$tai1s and d$)$1o% a data"as$ ro' o!r data 'od$1.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 )/

    ".21 )tarbuc0s
    @To"2A: *i'%1$, I<)$ /ot so'$ ,ond$r !1 n$,s or 2o!.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 )*


    @*i'%1$A: I<' /1ad to h$ar it, To"2 - ,hat is itC @To"2A: I ha)$ o!nd Star"!&#s h$r$ in T!r#$2, so 2o! &an ha)$ 2o!r a)orit$ thin/s to $at or drin# IJ @*i'%1$A: To"2, ar$ 2o! t$asin/ '$C @To"2A: No, *i'%1$ - 1oo#, th$r$ it is a&ross th$ road ro' th$ B1!$ 0os(!$G @*i'%1$A: -o, - that<s /r$at, so I &an ha)$ '2 a)orit$ '! in.

    ".22 What ha'e ;e learned?


    In this &ha%t$r, ,$ ha)$ 1$arn$d ho, to thin# 1i#$ a data 'od$1$r and ho, to /rad!a112 %!t to/$th$r a data 'od$1 in o!r h$ads. -$ #no, that i ,$ /$t in th$ ha"it o doin/ this r$/!1ar12 it /$ts $asi$r and 'or$ nat!ra1 and soon ,$ ,i11 "$ s$$in/ th$ ,or1d aro!nd !s as %i$&$s o a data 'od$1 that ,$ &an it to/$th$r 1i#$ a 7i/sa, %!BB1$.

    %. )ome :asic Conce!ts


    %.1 Introduction
    This &ha%t$r dis&!ss$s th$ "asi& &on&$%ts in data 'od$1in/. It "!i1ds thro!/h a s$ri$s o str!&t!r$d st$%s in th$ d$)$1o%'$nt o a data 'od$1. This &ha%t$r &o)$rs th$ "asi& &on&$%t that %ro)id$ th$ o!ndation or th$ data 'od$1 that ,$ d$si/n$d in si'i1ar 'at$ria1 to 9ha%t$r 1 "!t it is 'or$ s$rio!s and 'or$ &o'%r$h$nsi)$.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 )$

    This 'at$ria1 is a1so a)ai1a"1$ as a t!toria1 or +'aBon and Star"!&#s on th$ *ata"as$ +ns,$rs -$" sit$ O

    htt%:44,,,.data"as$ans,$rs.or/4t!toria145data5'od$1in/4ind$6.ht'

    -$ ,i11 &o)$r th$s$ "asi& &on&$%ts: a. 9r$atin/ Entiti$s ". Pri'ar2 and For$i/n >$2s &. ;n$-to-0an2 and 0an2-to-0an2 ?$1ationshi%s d. =i$rar&hi$s $. Inh$ritan&$ . ?$ $r$n&$ *ata

    +t th$ $nd o this t!toria1, ,$ ,i11 ha)$ %rod!&$d a data 'od$1, ,hi&h is &o''on12 r$ $rr$d as an Entit2-?$1ationshi% *ia/ra', or <E?*<. %.1.1 What is this? This &ha%t$r is a d$s&ri%tion o th$ r$1ationa1 th$or2 as ori/ina112 $sta"1ish$d "2 T$d 9odd, ,ho, at th$ ti'$, ,as a r$s$ar&h s&i$ntist ,ith IB0. %.1.2 Wh is it im!ortant? Th$ "asi& &on&$%ts ar$ i'%ortant "$&a!s$ th$ r$1ationa1 th$or2 is )$r2 %o,$r !1 and %ro)id$s a so!nd th$or$ti&a1 o!ndation or data"as$s that ha)$ "$&o'$ $ss$ntia1 sin&$ th$ir irst a%%$aran&$ in th$ $ar12 1970s. Th$2 ,$r$ th$ &r$ation o a "ri11iant r$s$ar&h s&i$ntist &a11$d T$d 9odd, ,ho ,as ,or#in/ or an IB0 ?$s$ar&h La" at th$ ti'$. It is r$%ort$d that h$ a&$d int$rna1 &riti&is' initia112 "$&a!s$ it ,as &onsid$r$d that his n$, id$a ,o!1d a $&t sa1$s o $sta"1ish$d IB0 data"as$ %rod!&ts.

    It is th$ o!ndation or so 'an2 a&ti)iti$s:

    It %ro)id$s a )$hi&1$ or &o''!ni&ation a'on/ a ,id$ )ari$t2 o int$r$st$d %arti$s, in&1!din/ 'ana/$'$nt, d$)$1o%$rs, data ana12sts, *B+s and 'or$. + %h2si&a1 data"as$ &an $asi12 "$ /$n$rat$d ro' a data 'od$1 !sin/ a &o''$r&ia1 data 'od$1in/ too1.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 .&

    %.1." What Will I #earn? :o! ,i11 1$arn:

    =o, to &r$at$ a data 'od$1, startin/ ro' s&rat&h. -hat a t2%i&a1 data 'od$1 1oo#s 1i#$.

    %.2 What is the )co!e?


    ;!r %hoto sho,s a t2%i&a1 Star"!&#s. I ,$ 1oo# &1os$12, ,$ &an s$$ %$o%1$ $atin/, drin#in/ and %1a&in/ ord$rs. -hat Star"!&#s s$$s ar$ &!sto'$rs, %rod!&ts and ord$rs "$in/ '$t.

    *!rin/ th$ &o!rs$ o this "oo# ,$ ,i11 s$$ ho, data 'od$1s &an h$1% to "rid/$ this /a% in %$r&$%tion and &o''!ni&ation.

    >etting )tarted9 Th$ ar$a ,$ ha)$ &hos$n or this t!toria1 is a data 'od$1 or a si'%1$ =rder Processing ) stem or Star"!&#s. -$ ha)$ don$ it this ,a2 "$&a!s$ 'an2 %$o%1$ ar$ a'i1iar ,ith Star"!&#s and it %ro)id$s an a%%1i&ation that is $as2 to r$1at$ to.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 .1


    -$ thin# a"o!t th$ ar$a ,$ ar$ /oin/ to 'od$1. -$ &an s$$ &!sto'$rs ord$rin/ %rod!&ts L ood, drin#s and so onJ. ;!r a%%roa&h has thr$$ st$%s:

    1 2 "

    Esta"1ish th$ s&o%$ o th$ data 'od$1. Id$nti 2 th$ <thin/s o int$r$st< that ar$ ,ithin th$ s&o%$, Th$s$ ,i11 "$ &a11$d $ntiti$s. *$t$r'in$ th$ relationshi!s "$t,$$n th$'.

    Deciding the )co!e of =ur Data Model -h$n ,$ st$% insid$, ,$ s$$ that Star"!&#s s$11s a ,id$ ran/$ o %rod!&ts, so o!r irst tas# is to d$&id$ ,hi&h o th$' sho!1d "$ in&1!d$d in o!r data 'od$1. ?i/ht no,, ,$ ar$ int$r$st$d on12 in so'$thin/ to $at and so'$thin/ to drin#. Th$r$ or$, a11 th$ '!/s and oth$r it$'s sho,n in this %i&t!r$ on th$ 1$ t, ar$ o!tsid$ th$ sco!e o o!r data 'od$1, and ar$ not <Thin/s o Int$r$st<.

    %." What are the @Things of Interest$?


    ;!r irst st$% is to d$&id$ ,hat thin/s ar$ ,$ int$r$st$d in. In oth$r ,ords, ,hat is th$ s&o%$ o o!r data 'od$1C

    Th$s$ thin/s ,i11 "$ &a11$d KEntiti$s in a *ata 0od$1H and KTa"1$s in a *ata"as$H.

    %.% Creating Entities


    Dezign is a data 'od$1in/ too1 that I !s$ $6t$nsi)$12 "$&a!s$ it is )$r2 /ood and )$r2 a orda"1$. :o! &an do,n1oad a r$$ tria1 ro' this -$" sit$: htt%:44,,,.datana'i&.&o'

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 .2

    =$r$ is a 1ist o 'od$1in/ too1s on th$ *ata"as$ +ns,$rs -$" sit$: htt%:44,,,.data"as$ans,$rs.or/4'od$11in/5too1s.ht' This is ho, 2o! &r$at$ an $ntit2 in th$ *$Bi/n data 'od$1in/ too1: 1. ?i/ht-&1i&# on a "1an# ar$a in th$ dia/ra' 4. Fro' th$ dro%-do,n 1ist, &hoos$ nsert and !ntity 3. 9h$&# th$ PK "o6 or th$ %ri'ar2 #$2 attri"!t$, ,hi&h ,i11 !s!a112 "$ th$ irst on$ on th$ $ntit2. 7. 91i&# on "lose to sa)$ th$ r$s!1ts.

    %.( Primar +e s
    -$ d$&id$ that th$ thin/s ,$ ar$ int$r$st$d in ar$ &!sto'$rs, ord$rs and %rod!&ts. :o! &an "!2 a ran/$ o %rod!&ts in Star"!&#s, in&1!din/ so!)$nir '!/s, &o $$ and n$,s%a%$rs.

    For th$ %!r%os$ o o!r irst 'od$1, ,$ r$stri&t o!r %rod!&ts to ood and drin#.

    This dia/ra' sho,s th$ &orr$s%ondin/ $ntiti$s ,ith %ri'ar2 #$2s.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 ." 1. +t this sta/$, ,$ sho, on12 th$ $ntiti$s ,ith no r$1ationshi%s and 'ini'!'

    attri"!t$s and s%$&i 2 on12 th$ %ri'ar2 #$2 and on$ details i$1d that ,i11 "$ r$%1a&$d 1at$r on.

    2. Th$ Primary Key i$1dLsJ sho!1d a1,a2s "$ irst. 3. :o! ,i11 noti&$ that th$ irst i$1d in th$ 9!sto'$rs5)$rsion2 Ta"1$ is th$
    9!sto'$r5I*. ta"1$.

    4. It has a PK s2'"o1 "$sid$ it, ,hi&h indi&at$s that it is th$ %ri'ar2 #$2 or th$ 3. Th$ %ri'ar2 #$2 is )$r2 i'%ortant and is th$ ,a2 that ,$ &an r$&o/niB$ $a&h
    indi)id!a1 r$&ord in th$ ta"1$.

    9r$atin/ a %ri'ar2 #$2 in th$ *$Bi/n too1: 1. ?i/ht-&1i&# on th$ !ntity 3. 9hoos$ #ttri$utes 6. 9h$&# th$ PK "o6 or th$ %ri'ar2 #$2 attri"!t$, ,hi&h ,i11 !s!a112 "$ th$ irst on$ on th$ $ntit2. 7. 91i&# on "lose to sa)$ th$ r$s!1ts.

    %.* /oreign +e s
    This dia/ra' sho,s $ntiti$s ,ith or$i/n #$2s. 9!sto'$r5I* is a or$i/n #$2 that 1in#s ord$rs to &!sto'$rs.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 .'

    =$r$ ,$ ha)$ add$d th$ relationshi!s "$t,$$n th$ $ntiti$s. -h$n this %ri'ar2 #$2 is !s$d in anoth$r ta"1$, it is r$ $rr$d to as a foreign key. -$ &an s$$ a /ood $6a'%1$ in this dia/ra', ,h$r$ th$ 9!sto'$r5I* a%%$ars in th$ ;rd$rs Ta"1$ as a or$i/n #$2. This is sho,n ,ith an <F>< s2'"o1 "$sid$ it. Mandator +e /ields + or$i/n #$2 is !s!a112 mandator . For $6a'%1$, a )a1!$ or a 9!sto'$r5I* in th$ 9!sto'$rs5Pa2'$nt50$thods Ta"1$ '!st &orr$s%ond to an a&t!a1 )a1!$ o th$ 9!sto'$r5I* in th$ 9!sto'$rs5M$rsion51 Ta"1$. This is sho,n in th$ dia/ra' "2 th$ short strai/ht 1in$ at th$ $nd o th$ dott$d 1in$ &1os$ to th$ 9!sto'$rs Ta"1$. /oreign +e s in the DeAign Tool For$i/n #$2s ar$ &r$at$d a!to'ati&a112 ,h$n 2o! 'a#$ a r$1ationshi% "$t,$$n t,o $ntiti$s. -$ r$&o''$nd that 2o! 'o)$ th$ i$1d !% in th$ $ntit2 so that it ta#$s it %1a&$ a1%ha"$ti&a112 a'on/ th$ #$2 i$1ds.

    To do this, ri/ht-&1i&# on th$ $ntit2, &hoos$ th$ #ttri$utes o%tion, th$n &1i&# on th$ !% or do,n arro, on th$ ri/ht-hand sid$.

    %.- =ne-to-Man .elationshi!s

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 .)

    In this dia/ra', a &!sto'$r &an %1a&$ B$ro, on$ or 'an2 ord$rs. This d$ in$s a on$-to-'an2 r$1ationshi%.

    This is sho,n "2 th$ s2'"o1 that has thr$$ s'a11 1in$s at that $nd o th$ r$1ationshi% dott$d 1in$, ,hi&h is r$ $rr$d to as crow%s feet. =!tional +e /ields Stri&t12 s%$a#in/, a &!sto'$r do$s not ha)$ to %1a&$ an ord$r. =$ or sh$ &o!1d &han/$ th$ir 'ind and ,a1# o!t ,itho!t ord$rin/ an2thin/. In oth$r ,ords, ,$ ,o!1d sa2 that th$ r$1ationshi% is o!tional at th$ ord$rs $nd. This is sho,n "2 th$ 1itt1$ & at that $nd o th$ r$1ationshi% dott$d 1in$.

    + data 'od$1$r ,o!1d sa2 QFor $)$r2 &!sto'$r, th$r$ &an "$ B$ro, on$ or 'an2 ord$rsR.

    TE.M

    DE/I<ITI=<

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 ..

    9!sto'$r *$'and

    +n2 !nit that &an rais$ a d$'and. + r$(!$st or ass$ts to "$ s!%%1i$d. Th$ or'at o a r$(!$st &an "$ an $1$&troni& '$ssa/$, a %a%$r or' and so on.

    B!sin$ss ?!1$s: + &!sto'$r &an rais$ B$ro, on$ or 'an2 d$'ands. : + d$'and '!st "$ asso&iat$d ,ith a )a1id &!sto'$r.

    %.2 Man -to-Man .elationshi!s


    This dia/ra' sho,s a 'an2-to-'an2 r$1ationshi% "$t,$$n ord$rs and %rod!&ts. +n ord$r &an in&1!d$ 'an2 %rod!&ts and a %rod!&t &an a%%$ar on 'an2 ord$rs.

    This d$ in$s a 'an2-to-'an2 r$1ationshi% and is sho,n in a data 'od$1 as o11o,s:

    + 'an2-to-'an2 r$1ationshi% &annot "$ i'%1$'$nt$d in r$1ationa1 data"as$s. Th$r$ or$ ,$ r$so1)$ this 'an2-to-'an2 into t,o on$-to-'an2 r$1ationshi%s, ,hi&h ,$ sho, in a data 'od$1 as o11o,s:

    So'$ti'$s it is !s$ !1 to s$$ th$ #$2 i$1ds to $ns!r$ that $)$r2thin/ 1oo#s a1ri/ht.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 ./

    -h$n ,$ 1oo# &1os$12 at this data 'od$1, ,$ &an s$$ that th$ %ri'ar2 #$2 is &o'%os$d o th$ ;rd$r5I* and Prod!&t5I* i$1ds.

    This r$ 1$&ts th$ !nd$r12in/ 1o/i&, ,hi&h stat$s that $)$r2 &o'"ination o ord$r and %rod!&t is !ni(!$.

    In th$ data"as$, this ,i11 d$ in$ a n$, r$&ord.

    -h$n ,$ s$$ this sit!ation in a data"as$, ,$ &an sa2 that this r$ 1$&ts a 'an2-to-'an2 r$1ationshi%.

    =o,$)$r, ,$ &an a1so sho, th$ sa'$ sit!ation in a s1i/ht12 di $r$nt ,a2, ,hi&h r$ 1$&ts th$ standard d$si/n a%%roa&h o !sin/ a s!rro/at$ #$2 as th$ %ri'ar2 #$2 and sho,in/ th$ d$'and and %rod!&t I*s si'%12 as or$i/n #$2s.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 .*


    + s!rro/at$ #$2 is si'%12 a #$2 that stands or so'$thin/ $1s$. -$ !s$ on$ ,h$n it is a "$tt$r d$si/n or is si'%12 'or$ &on)$ni$nt. It is a '$anin/1$ss int$/$r that is /$n$rat$d a!to'ati&a112 "2 th$ data"as$ 'ana/$'$nt so t,ar$, s!&h as ;ra&1$ or SDL S$r)$r, Th$ )a1!$s ar$ !s!a112 &ons$&!ti)$ int$/$rs, startin/ ,ith 1,2,3,4 and so on.

    Th$ "$n$ it o this a%%roa&h is that it a)oids th$ o&&!rr$n&$ o %ri'ar2 #$2s ,ith too 'an2 i$1ds i 'or$ d$%$nd$nt ta"1$s o&&!r ,h$r$ th$2 &as&ad$ do,n,ards.

    Th$ "$n$ it o th$ %r$)io!s a%%roa&h is that it a)oids th$ %ossi"i1it2 o orphan r$&ords in th$ Prod!&ts in a *$'and Ta"1$.

    In oth$r ,ords, in)a1id r$&ords that ha)$ in)a1id d$'and I* and4or %rod!&t I* )a1!$s.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 .$

    TE.M
    ;rd$r

    DE/I<ITI=<
    + r$(!$st or %rod!&ts to "$ s!%%1i$d. Th$ or'at o a r$(!$st &an "$ )$r"a1, an $1$&troni& '$ssa/$, a %a%$r For', $t&.

    Prod!&t

    +n It$' that &an "$ s!%%1i$d on r$(!$st. It &an "$ so'$thin/ s'a11, 1i#$ a '! in, or so'$thin/ that &ontains oth$r %rod!&ts, 1i#$ a sand,i&h ,ith '!1ti%1$ i11in/s.

    B!sin$ss ?!1$s: +n ord$r &an r$ $r to B$ro or 'an2 %rod!&ts. : + %rod!&t &an a%%$ar in B$ro, on$ or 'an2 ord$rs. : -$ &an a1so sa2 Q+n ord$r &an r$ $r to 'an2 %rod!&ts and a %rod!&t &an a%%$ar in 'an2 ord$rsR. : In oth$r ,ords, th$r$ is a 'an2-to-'an2 r$1ationshi% "$t,$$n ord$rs and %rod!&ts.

    %.4 6ierarchies and .abbit Ears


    =i$rar&hi$s ar$ )$r2 &o''on and ,$ &an s$$ th$' a11 aro!nd !s. Fort!nat$12, ,$ &an hand1$ th$' $)$r2 $asi12 in data 'od$1s.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 /&

    This dia/ra' sho,s ho, th$ hi$rar&hi$s o %rod!&ts and %rod!&t t2%$s that ,$ ha)$ 7!st dis&!ss$d ar$ sho,n in o!r Entit -.elationshi! Diagram.

    :o! ,i11 noti&$ that th$ ta"1$ &a11$d <Prod!&t5T2%$s< has a dott$d 1in$ &o'in/ o!t on th$ ri/ht-hand sid$ and /oin/ "a&# in a/ain on th$ to%-ri/ht &orn$r. *ata ana12sts &a11 this a recursive or reflexive r$1ationshi%, or in or'a112, si'%12 ra$$it ears. In %1ain En/1ish, ,$ ,o!1d sa2 that th$ ta"1$ is 7oin$d to its$1 and it '$ans that a r$&ord in this ta"1$ &an "$ r$1at$d to anoth$r r$&ord in th$ ta"1$. This a%%roa&h is ho, ,$ hand1$ th$ sit!ation ,h$r$ $a&h %rod!&t &an "$ in a hi$rar&h2 and r$1at$d to anoth$r Prod!&t. For $6a'%1$, a %rod!&t &a11$d Panini &o!1d "$ in a %rod!&t s!"-&at$/or2 &a11$d <0is&$11an$o!s Sand,i&h$s< ,hi&h &o!1d "$ a hi/h$r %rod!&t &at$/or2 &a11$d <9o1d Food,H ,hi&h its$1 &o!1d "$ in a hi/h$r %rod!&t s!%$r-&at$/or2 &a11$d si'%12 <Food<. N$6t ti'$ 2o! /o into Star"!&#s, ta#$ a 1oo# at th$ "oard "$hind th$ &o!nt$r and tr2 to d$&id$ ho, 2o! ,o!1d d$si/n th$ %rod!&ts ar$a o th$ data 'od$1. :o! sho!1d !a s!ecial attention to th$ 1itt1$ <B$ros< at $a&h $nd o th$ dott$d 1in$. Th$s$ ar$ ho, ,$ i'%1$'$nt th$ a&t that th$ Par$nt Prod!&t T2%$ 9od$ is o%tiona1, "$&a!s$ th$ hi/h$st 1$)$1 ,i11 not ha)$ a %ar$nt.

    This t!toria1 is a1so a)ai1a"1$ on th$ *ata"as$ +ns,$rs -$" sit$:

    htt%:44,,,.data"as$ans,$rs.or/4t!toria145data5'od$1in/4ind$6.ht'

    + n!'"$r o data 'od$1s sho, $6a'%1$s o inh$ritan&$, in&1!din/:

    9hariti$s 9it2 To!rist P!id$ 90*B - 9on i/!ration 0/t *B 9!sto'$rs 9o''$r&ia1 and P$rsona1 E)$nt ?$/istrations Pa'$s Stor$ Ins!ran&$ Bro#$rs Li"rari$s or La,2$rs Nationa1 Tr!st LE>J N$, E// Photo 9ata1o/s

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 /1


    S&hoo1 0ana/$'$nt S2st$'s Shr$# 2 0o)i$ Tra&#in/ 0an! a&t!r$d It$'s Tra)$1 S To!ris' -or1d,id$ M$hi&1$ I'%orts

    &n EBam!le in the Militar


    -$ start ,ith th$ d$ inition o a Enit, ,hi&h at its si'%1$st, 1oo#s 1i#$ this:

    In this &as$, ,$ !s$ a '$anin/1$ss I* or th$ !nit I* ,hi&h is si'%12 a !ni(!$ n!'"$r.

    Th$n ,$ thin# a"o!t th$ a&t that $)$r2 !nit is %art o a 1ar/$r or/aniBation.

    In oth$r ,ords, $)$r2 !nit r$%orts to a hi/h$r 1$)$1 ,ithin th$ o)$ra11 or/aniBation.

    Fort!nat$12, ,$ &an sho, this in a )$r2 si'%1$ and $&ono'i&a1 ashion "2 &r$atin/ a r$1ationshi% that adds a %ar$nt I* to $)$r2 !nit.

    This is a&&o'%1ish$d "2 addin/ a r$1ationshi% that 7oins th$ ta"1$ to its$1 .

    This is or'a112 &a11$d a reflexive or recursive r$1ationshi%, and in or'a112 &a11$d ra$$it ears, and 1oo#s 1i#$ this:

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 /2

    Th$ !nit at th$ )$r2 to% o or/aniBation has no on$ to r$%ort to, and a !nit at th$ 1o,$st 1$)$1 do$s not ha)$ an2 oth$r !nit r$%ortin/ to it.

    In oth$r ,ords, this r$1ationshi% is o!tional at th$ to% and "otto' 1$)$1s. -$ sho, this "2 th$ s'a11 1$tt$r & at $a&h $nd o th$ 1in$ that 'ar#s th$ r$1ationshi%.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 /"

    %.17 Inheritance
    Inh$ritan&$ is a )$r2 %o,$r !1 t$&hni(!$. It a11o,s !s to 'od$1 &o'%1$6 sit!ations in a 'ann$r and st21$ that is )$r2 si'%1$.

    In this sit!ation, ,$ ar$ thin#in/ a"o!t KFood and *rin#H. KFood and *rin#H ar$ s%$&i i& $6a'%1$s o th$ 'or$ /$n$ra1 thin/ &a11$d a product. Th$2 inh$rit &o''on attri"!t$s ro' th$ %rod!&t, and a1so ha)$ so'$ o th$ir o,n. For $6a'%1$, KFoodH &an &ontain KN!tsH "!t K*rin#H 'a2 not &ontain KN!ts,H "!t "oth ha)$ a %rod!&t na'$. Th$ !n!s!a1 s2'"o1 in th$ 'idd1$ o th$ dia/ra', &o'%os$d o a &ir&1$ ,ith t,o s'a11 1in$s !nd$rn$ath it is ho, inheritance is sho,n !sin/ th$ *$Bi/n data 'od$1in/ too1. Inh$ritan&$ is a )$r2 i'%ortant to%i& ,h$n 2o! ar$ &r$atin/ a data 'od$1. In %1ain En/1ish, ,$ ,o!1d sa2 that inh$ritan&$ o&&!rs ,h$r$ a Par$nt-9hi1d r$1ationshi% $6ists "$t,$$n thin/s o int$r$st Lor $ntiti$sJ.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 /'


    :o! &an as# th$ si'%1$ 1Is-a1 (!$stion - in this &as$, i ,$ as# <Is a '! in a %rod!&t< th$n &1$ar12 th$ ans,$r is <2$s< so ,$ ha)$ $sta"1ish$d that th$r$ is an inh$ritan&$ r$1ationshi% "$t,$$n th$'. In th$ $6a'%1$ o inh$ritan&$ sho,n in this dia/ra', ,$ &an s$$ that a11 %rod!&ts ha)$ na'$s and d$s&ri%tions. Th$r$ or$, KFood and *rin#H ,i11 inh$rit th$s$ &hara&t$risti&s ro' th$ %ar$nt %rod!&t. -$ &a11 th$ %rod!&t th$ )u!er-T !e and KFood and *rin#H ar$ )ub-T !es. =o,$)$r, $a&h s!"-t2%$ o %rod!&t ,i11 ha)$ s%$&i i& &hara&t$risti&s that it do$s not shar$ ,ith oth$r s!"-t2%$s. For $6a'%1$, a K*rin#H has a 1a)or "!t KFoodH do$s not. ;n$ o th$ i'%ortant thin/s in 2o!r data 'od$1 is to "$ s!r$ 2o! ha)$ id$nti i$d a11 th$ inh$ritan&$ r$1ationshi%s. =o,$)$r, an inh$ritan&$ r$1ationshi% is o t$n "1!rr$d in a r$a1 %h2si&a1 data"as$ "$&a!s$ it &an "$ &1!'s2 to i'%1$'$nt and has to "$ r$so1)$d ,ith th$ addition o a ta"1$ that is o t$n &a11$d an asso&iati)$ ta"1$. This asso&iati)$ ta"1$ has a on$to-'an2 r$1ationshi% ,ith $a&h o th$ ori/ina1 ta"1$s that ,$r$ in th$ 'an2-to-'an2. Th$r$ ar$ "road12 t,o t2%$s o data 'od$1: 9on&$%t!a1 or Lo/i&a1

    This o&!s$s on a "!sin$ss-ori$nt$d s%$&i i& o a sit!ation that id$nti i$s th$ Kthin/s o int$r$stH and ho, th$2 ar$ r$1at$d.

    Ph2si&a1

    This introd!&$s as%$&ts that r$1at$ to i'%1$'$ntation in a s%$&i i& data"as$

    Inh$ritan&$ &an a%%$ar in a 1o/i&a1 data 'od$1 "!t it disa%%$ars in th$ %h2si&a1 data"as$, ,hi&h is ,hat !1ti'at$12 "$&o'$s th$ data"as$.

    ?$1ationa1 data"as$s do not s!%%ort inh$ritan&$. Th$r$ or$ o!r thin#in/ '!st in&1!d$ th$ (!$stion o ,h$n ,$ sto% sho,in/ th$ inh$ritan&$ r$1ationshi% and r$%1a&$ it ,ith t,o on$to-'an2 r$1ationshi%s. B!sin$ss !s$rs t$nd to "$ &o' orta"1$ ,ith 'an2-to-'an2 "!t or data 'od$1$rs, *B+s and d$)$1o%$rs it is !s!a112 "$tt$r to r$%1a&$ th$'. Inh$ritan&$ is a )$r2 si'%1$ and )$r2 %o,$r !1 &on&$%t. -$ &an s$$ $6a'%1$s o inh$ritan&$ in %ra&ti&$ ,h$n ,$ 1oo# aro!nd !s $)$r2 da2. For $6a'%1$, ,h$n ,$ thin# a"o!t K=o!s$s,H ,$ i'%1i&it12 in&1!d$ "!n/a1o,s and s#i 1od/$s, and 'a2"$ $)$n a%art'$nts, "$a&h h!ts and ho!s$ "oats.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 /)


    In a si'i1ar ,a2, ,h$n ,$ dis&!ss air&ra t ,$ 'i/ht "$ ta1#in/ a"o!t rotar2 air&ra t, i6$d ,in/ air&ra t and !n'ann$d air&ra t.

    =o,$)$r, ,h$n ,$ ,ant to d$si/n or r$)i$, a data 'od$1 that in&1!d$s air&ra t, th$n ,$ n$$d to ana12B$ ho, di $r$nt #inds o air&ra t ar$ sho,n in th$ d$si/n o th$ data 'od$1.

    -$ !s$ th$ &on&$%t o KInh$ritan&$H to a&hi$)$ this. Inh$ritan&$ in data 'od$1in/ is 7!st th$ sa'$ as th$ /$n$ra1 '$anin/ o th$ ,ord. It '$ans that at a hi/h 1$)$1, ,$ id$nti 2 th$ /$n$ra1 na'$ o th$ KThin/ o Int$r$stH and th$ &hara&t$risti&s that a11 o th$s$ thin/s shar$. For $6a'%1$, an air&ra t ,i11 ha)$ a na'$ or th$ t2%$ o air&ra t, s!&h as Tornado and it ,i11 "$ o a &$rtain t2%$, s!&h as i6$d-,in/ or rotar2.

    +t th$ 1o,$r 1$)$1 o i6$d-,in/ air&ra t, an air&ra t ,i11 ha)$ a 'ini'!' 1$n/th or th$ r!n,a2 that th$ air&ra t n$$ds in ord$r to ta#$ o .

    This sit!ation is sho,n in th$ o11o,in/ dia/ra':

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 /.

    %.11 .eference Data


    ?$ $r$n&$ data is )$r2 i'%ortant. -h$r$)$r %ossi"1$, it sho!1d &on or' to a%%ro%riat$ $6t$rna1 standards, %arti&!1ar12 nationa1 or int$rnationa1 standards. For $6a'%1$, th$ Int$rnationa1 Standards ;r/aniBation LIS;J %!"1ish$s standards or &o!ntr2 &od$, &!rr$n&2 &od$s, 1an/!a/$s &od$s and so on.

    For addr$ss$s, th$ E> Post ; i&$ +ddr$ss Fi1$ LP+F i1$J, is th$ standard !s$d to )a1idat$ addr$ss$s ,ithin th$ E>.

    %.11.1 &ddress T !es eBam!le +ddr$ss t2%$s ar$ anoth$r $6a'%1$ o r$ $r$n&$ data.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 //


    Th$r$ ar$ t,o d$si/n %ossi"i1iti$s. Th$ irst is /ood "$&a!s$ it sho,s &1$ar12 th$ 1o/i&a1 r$1ationshi% ,h$r$ a &!sto'$r addr$ss &an "$ id$nti i$d !ni(!$12 "2 a &o'"ination o th$ &!sto'$r I*, th$ addr$ss I* and th$ dat$ ro' ,h$n th$ addr$ss ,as )a1id or th$ &!sto'$r.

    ; &o!rs$, it is not a1,a2s %ossi"1$ to d$t$r'in$ th$ K*at$ Fro'H )a1!$, and it is not a1,a2s so'$thin/ that it is a%%ro%riat$ to as# $)$r2 &!sto'$r.

    Th$r$ or$, a "$tt$r and 'or$ /$n$ra1 a%%roa&h is to !s$ a #$2 Lthat ,$ dis&!ss$d in S$&tion 3.3J or a r$&ord and 1$a)$ th$ K*at$ Fro'H i$1d o%tiona1.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 /*

    %.11.2 Customer &ddresses This is a /$n$ra1 and 1$6i"1$ a%%roa&h to hand1in/ addr$ss$s in o!r data 'od$1. -$ ha)$ a s$%arat$ +ddr$ss Ta"1$, ,hi&h a11o,s !s to ha)$ 'or$ than on$ addr$ss or an2 &!sto'$r )$r2 $asi12. This d$si/n a1so has oth$r "$n$ its:

    -$ &an a&&o''odat$ 'or$ than on$ %$rson at th$ sa'$ addr$ss. -$ n$$d to do this "$&a!s$ di $r$nt '$'"$rs o a a'i12 'a2 si/n !% s$%arat$12 ,ith +'aBon. -ith a s$%arat$ ta"1$ o addr$ss$s, ,$ &an $asi12 !s$ &o''$r&ia1 so t,ar$ to )a1idat$ o!r addr$ss$s. To ind this #ind o so t,ar$, si'%12 Poo/1$ H+ddr$ss Ma1idation So t,ar$H. -$ ha)$ !s$d D+S ,ith /r$at s!&&$ss in th$ %ast. -ith this a%%roa&h, ,$ &an a1,a2s "$ s!r$ that ,$ ha)$ 100T /ood addr$ss data in o!r data"as$.

    %.11." .eference Data ?$ $r$n&$ data has th$ o11o,in/ &hara&t$risti&s:

    It do$s not &han/$ )$r2 '!&h. It has a r$1ati)$12 s'a11 n!'"$r o )a1!$s, !s!a112 1$ss than a $, doB$n and n$)$r 'or$ than a $, h!ndr$d. Th$r$ or$ ,$ &an sho, it ,ith a &od$ as a %ri'ar2 #$2. *ata in ?$ $r$n&$ *ata Ta"1$s &an "$ !s$d to %o%!1at$ dro%-do,n 1ists or !s$rs. In this ,a2, it is !s$d to $ns!r$ that a11 n$, data is )a1id.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 /$


    %.11.% )tandards In th$ +ddr$ss Ta"1$, 2o! ,i11 s$$ a i$1d &a11$d <IS;59o!ntr259od$s<. IS; stands or th$ <Int$rnationa1 Standards ;r/aniBation<. It is a1,a2s /ood to !s$ nationa1 or int$rnationa1 standards.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 *&

    %.11.( &ircraft eBam!le This dia/ra' sho,s t,o "asi& $6a'%1$s o ?$ $r$n&$ data that 'i/ht a%%12 to o!r si'%1$ air&ra t data 'od$1.

    %.12 What ha'e ;e learned?


    In this &ha%t$r, ,$ ha)$ &o)$r$d th$ "asi& &on&$%ts in data 'od$1in/, in&1!din/: Pri'ar2 and For$i/n >$2s ;n$-to-0an2 and 0an2-to-0an2 ?$1ationshi%s ?a""it Ears or ?$ 1$6i)$ ?$1ationshi%s Inh$ritan&$

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 *1


    ?$ $r$n&$ *ata

    That ,i11 /i)$ !s th$ "asi&s o th$ 1an/!a/$ in ,hi&h ,$ &an ta1# a"o!t and d$s&ri"$ data 'od$1s.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 *2

    (. & Database for a 8ideo >ame


    (.1 &!!roach
    Th$ irst st$% is to d$&id$ on th$ th$'$ o th$ Pa'$. For this T!toria1, ,$ ha)$ &hos$n a KShoot K$' E%H ,hi&h is "as$d on a )$r2 %o%!1ar Pa'$ or th$ 0i&roso t U"o6 &a11$d P$ars o -ar. =$r$ is th$ %a/$ on th$ *ata"as$ +ns,$rs -$" Sit$ that sho,s th$ *ata 0od$1 :-

    htt%:44,,,.data"as$ans,$rs.or/4data5'od$1s4/a'in/5/$ars5o 5,ar4ind$6.ht' $at!r$s :-

    This >i&#-Start *ata 0od$1

    th$ Pood P!2s, ,ho ar$ So1di$rs th$ -$a%ons th$ Bad P!2s, ,ho ar$ Lo&!sts th$ ?!1$s o En/a/$'$nt "$t,$$n th$ Pood P!2s and th$ Bad P!2s

    (.2 The >ood >u s


    Th$r$ ar$ s$)$n So1di$rs in th$ Pa'$, ,ith di $r$nt ?an#s and di $r$nt "a&#/ro!nds (.2.1 Colonel 8ictor 6offman

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 *"

    =is Pro i1$ r$ads :+ 'i1itar2 'an to th$ &or$, 9o1on$1 Mi&tor =o 'an d$'ands dis&i%1in$ and sa&ri i&$ ro' thos$ !nd$r his &o''and.

    (.2.2 )ergeant Marcus /eniB

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 *'

    =is Pro i1$ r$ads :F$, ha)$ /i)$n 'or$ and 1ost as '!&h as 0ar&!s F$ni6.

    + %ro'isin/ so1di$r d!rin/ th$ P$nd!1!' -ars, 0ar&!s sa, $)$r2thin/ &han/$ on E'$r/$n&$ *a2.

    0ar&!s "ra)$12 o!/ht th$ Lo&!st or t$n 2$ars, th$n, d!rin/ an int$ns$ "att1$, h$ a"andon$d his %ost to r$s&!$ his ath$r, Pro $ssor +da' F$ni6.

    B!t h$ arri)$d too 1at$.

    0ar&!s ,as tri$d or d$r$1i&tion o d!t2 and s$nt$n&$d to 40 2$ars in Va&into 0a6i'!' S$&!rit2 Prison. In&ar&$rat$d or o!r 2$ars "$ or$ "$in/ r$1$as$d to i/ht Lo&!st a/ain, 0ar&!s ,as 1at$r %ro'ot$d to s$r/$ant.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 *)

    (.2." Pri'ate Damian :aird

    =is Pro i1$ r$ads :Pri)at$ *a'on Baird is a d$di&at$d t$&h-h$ad and %ro $ssiona1 s#$%ti&. In Baird<s ,or1d, i so'$thin/ &an /o ,ron/, it %ro"a"12 a1r$ad2 has. =is sar&as' &an #$$% %$o%1$ at a distan&$, ,hi&h is ,h2 Baird %r$ $rs th$ &o'%an2 o 'a&hin$s. =$ "$1i$)$s in th$ 9oa1ition<s &a!s$, "!t h$<s o t$n r!strat$d ,ith &o''and d$&isions, and too# o $ns$ ,h$n =o 'an %ro'ot$d 0ar&!s F$ni6 to 1$ad *$1ta S(!ad inst$ad o hi'.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 *.

    (.2.% Pri'ate &nthon

    Carmine

    =is Pro i1$ r$ads :+s th$ 2o!n/$st '$'"$r o *$1ta S(!ad d!rin/ th$ Li/ht'ass ; $nsi)$, ,hat Pri)at$ +nthon2 9ar'in$ 1a&#$d in &o'"at $6%$ri$n&$, h$ 'ad$ !% or in !n"rid1$d $nth!sias'.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 */

    (.2.( Pri'ate Dominic )antiago

    =is Pro i1$ r$ads :+ s$ason$d i/ht$r ,hoHs %ositi)$ $)$n in th$ dar#$st o ho!rs, *o'ini& Santia/o r$$d his "$st ri$nd 0ar&!s F$ni6 ro' Va&into 0a6i'!' S$&!rit2 Prison and r$&r!it$d hi' into *$1ta S(!ad.

    =is "att1$ i$1d int$nsit2 is ri)a11$d on12 "2 his 1o2a1t2 to 0ar&!s--and his ,i $, 0aria.

    *o'ini&<s r$1$nt1$ss s$ar&h or his ,i $ ina112 $nd$d d!rin/ ;%$ration: =o11o, Stor', ,h$n h$ and 0ar&!s o!nd h$r in a Lo&!st %ro&$ssin/ a&i1it2, "ar$12 a1i)$ and irr$)o&a"12 t,ist$d.

    0ar&!s 1$ t his sid$ to a11o, *o' a ina1 'o'$nt ,ith his "$1o)$d 0aria "$ or$ $ndin/ h$r s! $rin/.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 **

    (.2.* #ieutenant &n a )troud

    =$r Pro i1$ r$ads :+s *$1taHs 9ontro1 &onta&t, +n2a Stro!d /!id$d *$1ta S(!ad on th$ir 'ission to d$stro2 th$ Lo&!st, %ro)idin/ )ita1 int$1 and strat$/i& ad)i&$ to th$ s(!ad in th$ i$1d.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 *$

    (.2.- )amantha @)am$ : rne

    =$r Pro i1$ r$ads :Sa'antha NSa'N B2rn$<s ath$r, S/t. Sa'!$1 B2rn$, $11 in "att1$ at th$ si$/$ o +n)i1 Pat$ in +n)$/ad, >ash#!r "$ or$ th$ "irth o his da!/ht$r.

    (.2.2 )ummar +t this %oint, ,$ &an s$$ that a11 So1di$rs ha)$ P$nd$r, Na'$s, ?an#s and a 'i1itar2 "a&#/ro!nd. Th$r$ or$, o!r So1di$rs Ta"1$ 1oo#s 1i#$ this :-

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 $&

    (." Choosing the Wea!ons


    No, ,$ &an &hoos$ th$ -$a%ons to 'at&h th$ So1di$rHs !ni(!$ (!a1iti$s. Th$s$ ar$ o!r o%tions that ar$ d$s&ri"$d h$r$. (.".1 :oomshot >renade #ocust

    Descri!tion of the :oomshot >renade #ocust is 9-

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 $1


    + Boo'shot Pr$nad$ Lo&!st is a short- to 'id-ran/$ /r$nad$ 1a!n&h$r that &an $asi12 ta#$ do,n a tar/$t in a sin/1$ shot

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 $2

    (.".2 6ammer of Da;n

    Descri!tion of the 6ammer of Da;n is 9Th$ =a''$r o *a,n is +n I'!1sion-%o,$r$d sat$11it$ that rains do,n a d$)astatin/ %arti&1$ $n$r/2 str$a'. It &an ,i%$ o!t an2thin/ ro' s'a11 Lo&!st s(!ads to $ntir$ &it2 "1o&#s.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 $"

    (."." #ong )hot )ni!er .ifle

    Descri!tion of the #ongshot is 9Th$ Lon/shot Sni%$r ?i 1$ is a hi/h-%o,$r$d, "o1t-a&tion sni%$r ri 1$ ,ith a %o,$r !1 Boo' si/ht.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 $'

    (.".% =ne )hot

    Descri!tion of the =ne)hot is 9Th$ ;n$Shot is an inti'idatin/ and o"s&$n$12 %o,$r !1 1on/-ran/$ sni%$r ri 1$ &a%a"1$ o d$stro2in/ 'ost o$s in a sin/1$ shot

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 $)

    (.".( )corcher /lamethro;er

    Descri!tion of the /lamethro;er is 9Th$ S&or&h$r F1a'$thro,$r is a short- to 'id-ran/$ ,$a%on that $'its a &on&$ntrat$d str$a' o ir$ that &hars 2o!r $n$'i$s.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 $.

    (.".* Troi0a

    Descri!tion of the Turret is 9Th$ Troi#a T!rr$t is a hi/h-%o,$r$d, t!rr$t-'o!nt$d Lo&!st 'a&hin$ /!n that ir$s &ontin!o!s ro!nds a&ross th$ "att1$ i$1d.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 $/

    (.".- )ummar Th$ d$s&ri%tions o a11 th$ -$a%ons 1oo#s 1i#$ this :-

    1J + Boo'shot Pr$nad$ Lo&!st is a short- to 'id-ran/$ grenade launcher that &an


    $asi12 ta#$ do,n a tar/$t in a sin/1$ shot.

    2J Th$ =a''$r o *a,n is +n I'!1sion-%o,$r$d satellite that rains do,n a


    d$)astatin/ %arti&1$ $n$r/2 str$a'. It &an ,i%$ o!t an2thin/ ro' s'a11 Lo&!st s(!ads to $ntir$ &it2 "1o&#s.

    3J Th$ Lon/shot Sni%$r ?i 1$ is a hi/h-%o,$r$d, "o1t-a&tion sni%$r rifle ,ith a %o,$r !1


    Boo' si/ht.

    4J Th$ ;n$Shot is an inti'idatin/ and o"s&$n$12 %o,$r !1 1on/-ran/$ sni%$r rifle


    &a%a"1$ o d$stro2in/ 'ost o$s in a sin/1$ shot

    3J Th$ S&or&h$r /lamethro;er is a short- to 'id-ran/$ ,$a%on that $'its a


    &on&$ntrat$d str$a' o ir$ that &hars 2o!r $n$'i$s.

    6J Th$ Troi#a T!rr$t is a hi/h-%o,$r$d, t!rr$t-'o!nt$d Lo&!st machine gun that ir$s
    &ontin!o!s ro!nds a&ross th$ "att1$ i$1d. +n ana12sis o th$s$ ,$a%on id$nti i$s that ,$ ha)$ on$ F1a'$thro,$r, thr$$ P!ns and a Sat$11it$.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 $*


    Th$r$ or$, th$ ra/'$nt o o!r *ata 0od$1 or -$a%ons 1oo#s 1i#$ this :-

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 $$

    (.% The :ad >u s


    In this /a'$, th$ Bad P!2s ar$ a11 Lo&!sts. =o,$)$r, th$2 &o'$ in di $r$nt sha%$s and siB$s, and o $r di $r$nt thr$ats. (.(.1 :erser0ers

    The :erser0ers Profile reads 9B$rs$r#$rs ar$ $'a1$ Lo&!sts. Th$2 !s$ th$ir #$$n h$arin/ and s$ns$ o s'$11 to s$$# o!t th$ir %r$2 and "1!d/$on it to d$ath ,ith th$ir ha''$r-1i#$ ists.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 1&&

    (.(.2 :ruma0s

    The :ruma0s Profile reads 9To stand in th$ Br!'a#Hs shado, is to star$ d$ath in th$ a&$. Th$s$ h!1#in/ ,ar 'a&hin$s %oss$ss a d$ad12 assort'$nt o ,$a%ons, ro' ,rist-'o!nt$d 'a&hin$ /!ns to o)$r-th$-sho!1d$r ro&#$t 1a!n&h$rs. For an2 &han&$ o s!r)i)a1 a/ainst a Br!'a#, "1ast a,a2 "its o its ar'or to r$)$a1 th$ so t, ,$a# s%ots !nd$rn$ath.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 1&1

    (.(." >renadier

    The >renadiers Profile reads 9Lo&!st Pr$nadi$rs ar$ n$)$r a raid to /$t !% &1os$ and %$rsona1. Th$2 ha)$ a hard-&har/in/ #a'i#aB$ atta&# and r!sh th$ir $n$'2 ,ith 1itt1$ &on&$rn or th$ir o,n ,$1 ar$.

    Th$2 s%$&ia1iB$ in "oth /r$nad$s and th$ Pnash$r Shot/!n, dra,in/ th$ir tar/$ts o!t o &o)$r ,ith on$ "$ or$ "1astin/ th$' to %i$&$s ,ith th$ oth$r.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 1&2

    (.(.% .&&M

    The .&&M Profile reads 9+n i'%osin/ i/!r$, ?++0 to,$rs o)$r a11 h!'ans, his si1$nt d$'$anor &on&$a1in/ a )io1$nt and '$r&i1$ss nat!r$. In "att1$, ?++0 is a or'ida"1$ o%%on$nt ,ho ,i$1ds a Troi#a 0a&hin$ P!n ,hi1$ &ontro11in/ th$ >r211 that h$ so'$ti'$s $'%1o2s as a shi$1d. ?++0 '$t his d$'is$ at th$ hands o 0ar&!s F$ni6 a"oard th$ T2ro Pi11ar, ,h$r$ his r$i/n o t$rror &a'$ to an a"r!%t and ,$1&o'$ $nd.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 1&"

    (.(.( )ummar ;n$ o th$ Lo&!sts is id$nti i$d as "$in/ $'a1$. Th$r$ or$, ,$ ha)$ to ass!'$ that a11 Lo&!sts ha)$ a /$nd$r, ,hi&h ,i11 "$ 0a1$, F$'a1$ or En#no,n. Lo&!sts ha)$ a d$s&ri%tion o th$ir str$n/ths and ,$a#n$ss$s. Th$ %hotos o th$ Lo&!sts sho, th$' ha)in/ ar's and 1$/s. Th$r$ or$ ,$ in&1!d$ an +r' 9o!nt and L$/ 9o!nt i$1ds, ,hi&h ,$ d$ a!1t to t,o o $a&h. P$nd$r is a &od$ that has on12 thr$$ )a1!$s O 0a1$, F$'a1$ and E or En#no,n. So ,$ &an in&1!d$ th$' in a i$1d &a11$d KP$nd$r50FEH. Th$r$ or$, o!r Lo&!sts Ta"1$ 1oo#s 1i#$ this :-

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 1&'

    (.( Thin0ing in >eneral Terms


    (.(.1 )oldiers5 #ocusts and Inheritance In !nd$rstandin/ th$ Pa'$, ,$ n$$d to &onsid$r ho, to si'%1i 2 th$ ,a2 ,$ d$ in$ So1di$rs and Lo&!sts. This ,i11 h$1% !s to d$ in$ th$ Pa'$ at a hi/h$r 1$)$1 and thin# a"o!t it in a 'or$ /$n$ra1 ,a2. ;!r irst st$% is to &onsid$r So1di$rs and Lo&!sts as Parti&i%ants in th$ Pa'$. -$ &o!1d &a11 th$' B$in/s or +&tors or ?o1$s "!t or si'%1i&it2 at this "asi& 1$)$1 ,$ &a11 th$' si'%12 KParti&i%antsH. Th$2 "oth ha)$ Na'$s, and a P$nd$r. Th$r$ or$, ,$ 'o)$ th$ P$nd$r50FE to th$ Parti&i%ants $ntit2. So1di$rs ha)$ a 0i1itar2 Ba&#/ro!nd and Lo&!sts ha)$ a Str$nths5and5-$a#n$ss$s i$1d. -$ &an r$%1a&$ th$s$ t,o "2 on$ i$1d in th$ hi/h$r KParti&i%antsH Ta"1$. -$ ,i11 &a11 this i$1d KPro i1$H. Th$r$ or$, ,$ sho, o!r n$, KParti&i%antsH ta"1$ as th$ Par$nt or KS!%$r-T2%$. -ith So1di$rs and Lo&!sts as 9hi1dr$n or S!"-T2%$s.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 1&)


    Th$ *ata 0od$1 ra/'$nt ,i11 1oo# 1i#$ this :-

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 1&.

    (.(.2 /a'ourite Wea!ons and Man -to-Man .elationshi!s It t!rns o!t that "oth So1di$rs and Lo&!sts ha)$ a)o!rit$ -$a%ons and no, that ,$ ha)$ $sta"1ish$d a Parti&i%ants $ntit2, ,$ &an a)o!rit$ -$a%ons as an attri"!t$ o th$ Parti&i%ants $ntit2. Ea&h Parti&i%ant &an ha)$ 'an2 a)o!rit$ ,$a%ons, and $a&h %arti&!1ar t2%$ o -$a%on &an "$ th$ a)o!rit$ o 'an2 Parti&i%ant. In *ata 0od$11in/ t$r's, ,$ &a11 this as a K0an2-to-0an2 ?$1ationshi%H "$t,$$n Parti&i%ants and -$a%ons. -$ ha)$ 'o)$d th$ Fa)o!rit$5-$a%ons attri"!t$ ro' th$ Lo&!st $ntit2 to th$ n$, Fa)o!rit$5-$a%ons $ntit2. Th$r$ or$, th$ *ata 0od$1 ra/'$nt So1di$rs and Lo&!sts 1oo# 1i#$ this, ,h$r$ th$ KFa)o!rit$5-$a%onsH $ntit2 sho,s that $a&h Parti&i%ant &an ha)$ 'an2 a)o!rit$ -$a%ons and )i&$ )$rsa. :-

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 1&/

    (.* .ules of Engagement


    In /$n$ra1 t$r's , th$ So1di$rs ,i11 ha)$ a n!'"$r o ;"7$&ti)$s and ,i11 ha)$ to $n/a/$ ,ith th$ Lo&!sts to a&hi$)$ th$s$ ;"7$&ti)$s. -$ ,i11 &onsid$r th$s$ $n/a/$'$nt as a s$ri$s o E)$nts in)o1)in/ a11 Parti&i%ants L"it not $)$r2 ti'$J. Ea&h E)$nt ,i11 ha)$ an o!t&o'$ L1i#$ Mi&tor2 or *$ $atJ and !s$ ?$so!r&$s, s!&h as B!11$ts, that 'i/ht "$ in 1i'it$d s!%%12.

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 1&*

    (.- Design Patterns


    (.2.1 Introduction *$si/n Patt$rns ar$ )$r2 %o,$r !1 "$&a!s$ th$2 h$1% !s to r$&o/nis$ si'i1ar sit!ations that o&&!r )$r2 r$(!$nt12 in r$a1 1i $. Th$n ,$ start thin#in/ 1i#$ a *ata"as$ *$si/n$r or *ata 0od$11$r and s!dd$n12, it "$&o'$s a 1ot $asi$r. T0e ob1io%s !andidate for a Design Patter in o%r simplified ,ideo -ame is E1ents (.2.2 Com!lete Design Pattern

    T0is Model s0o2s all t0e !omponents in t0e Complete Design Pattern 3-

    T0e logi! be0ind different 1ariations says t0at 3 T0ere 2ill al2ays be an E1ent T0ere 2ill al2ays be at least one Parti!ipant Weapons 2ill be in1ol1ed for an E1ent t0at is a fig0t bet2een (oldiers and Lo!%sts

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 1&$

    (.2." Partici!ants and E'ents T0is is t0e smallest 1ersion of t0e Pattern4 be!a%se an E1ent 2ill al2ays be in1ol1ed and Parti!ipants 2ill al2ays be in1ol1ed 5f 2e t0in# abo%t an E1ent t0at does not %se Weapons4 for example4 retreating or ad1an!ing 2it0o%t engaging 2it0 t0e Lo!%sts4 t0en 2e 0a1e a simpler Data Model t0at does not in1ol1e Weapons and loo#s li#e t0is 3-

    (.2.% With Wea!ons 5f t0e (oldiers meet Lo!%sts 20ile t0ey are on t0e mo1e4 t0en 2e add Weapons and t0e Data Model t0at loo#s li#e t0is 3-

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 11&

    (.2.( With Wea!ons and .esources 5f t0e (oldiers meet Lo!%sts 20ile t0ey are on t0e mo1e4 t0en 2e add Weapons and t0e Data Model t0at loo#s li#e t0is4 20i!0 is t0e f%ll Design Pattern t0at 2e started 2it0 3-

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 111

    Williams | Learn Data Modeling by Example - Part 1 112

    (.2 The Com!lete Data Model


    -h$n ,$ &o'"in$ th$ So1di$rs, Lo&!sts and -$a%ons, this is ,hat o!r 9o'%1$t$ *ata 0od$1 1oo#s 1i#$. -$ ha)$ 1$ t o!t th$ ?$ $r$n&$ *ata ta"1$s to #$$% th$ 0od$1 si'%1$ and $asi$r to r$ad. For th$ sa'$ r$ason, ,$ ha)$ in&1!d$d on12 th$ Pri'ar2 and For$i/n >$2s and a1so o'itt$d th$ +ttri"!t$s.

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