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17

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5.
1453-1821

18 ,
Craven. - ,
. ,
- .
18

 ,
,
Gouffier,
. ,



(Grecian sculptrs), 6.
, : Constantinople is
almost surrounded by a very high wall, turreted and flanked by large square
towers, built by the Greek Emperors 7.
,
Anspach-Bayreuth
two Greek boats with
Greek sailors8.
,

,

nd we returned to the Consuls, very much concerned at the excessive injustice

and ignorance of the Turks, who have really not the smallest idea of the value of the
treasures they possess, and destroy them wantonly on every occasion; for, from one
of the pillars of the temple of Theseus, they have sliced a piece of marble, to burn into
lime for the construction of a Turkish fountainand such is the fate of many a chef
d'oeuvre of the best Grecian sculptors. Elizabeth Craven, A Journey through the Crimea
to Constantinople in a series of Letters to his serene Highness the Margrave of Brandebourg,
Anspach and Bareith written in the year 1786, London 1789, 257.
7

Craven, A Journey, 220.

Craven, A Journey, 286.

19

 , ,

. Craven,
, , ,
: ,

, ,

, . .
16 Belon,
:
,
, .
.
. . '
'
.
, . []
(
)
, .
, ,
9.

Tous les Grecs tant de lun party que de lautre, sont pour leiour-dhuy en si

merveilleux regne dignorance, quil ny a aucune ville en tout leur pays, ou il y ait
universit: & aussi ne prennent aucun plaisir faire apprendre les lettres &: sciences
leurs enfans. Tous indiffremment parlent un langage corrompu de lantique: mais
les uns plus lgant que les autres : toutefois leurs paroles approchent plus du bon

20

 Wlliam Lithgow 17
: ,
.
. ,

, 10.
:
Greece now tearmed by the Turcs Rum-ili, the Romane Countrey, was first
called Helles, next Graecia of Grecus, who was once King there of. The
Greekes of all other Gentiles, were the first converted Christians 11.

Grec, que les paroles de lItalien napprochent du Latin .[...] Ceux qui sont sous les
Vnitiens, sont vestus la Vnitienne: & sils sont sous les Turcs, ils sont vestus la
Turque. Mais le menu peuple, tant de lun party que de lautre, soit des isles, ou de
terre ferme, retient quelquechose de son antiquit . Pierre Belon, Les Observations de
plusieures singularites et choses memorables trovvees en Grece, Asie, Iude, Egypte, Arabie,
& autres pays estranges, rediges en trois livres, Paris 1588, 9, 11. ( 1553).
10

In all this country of Greece, I could find nothing to answer the famous relations

given by ancient authors of the excellency of that land, but the name only; the
barbarousness of Turks and time having defaced all the monuments of antiquity. No
shew of honour, no habitation of men in an honest fashion, nor professors of the
country in a principality ; but rather prisoners shut up in prisons, or addicted slaves
to cruel and tyrannical masters ; so deformed is the state of that once worthy realm,
and so miserable is the burden of that afflicted people; which, and the appearance of
that permanency, grieved my heart to behold the sinister working of blind Fortune,
which always plungeth the most renowned champions, and their memory, in the
profoundest pit of all extremities and oblivion. W. Lithgow, The Total Discourse of the
rare adventures and painefull Peregrinations of long ninteene yeares travayles from Scotland
to the most famous Kingdoms in Europe, Asia, and Affrica, London 1632, 71-2.
11

Lithgow, The Total Discourse, 117.

21

 Sieur du Loir

: '
,

.

.
, ,
, ,
. .
,
12.
17
,
. Sieur de la Croix, . :

13.
18 Cornelius Lebrun :

.
.
.
.

12

Le Sieur du Loir, Les Voyages du Sieur du Loir, contenus en plusieurs lettres crites du

Levant, Paris 1654, Epistre, non paginated.

13

. , 333-1700, 19722, 662.

22

 14.
Tarillon
, :
.
.
.

.
, ' ,
, 15.
Charles de Saint Maure

, 16.
18

1730
Fourmont: ' , .
, .
,

14

, 333-1700, 482.

15

Jean Baptiste de Montmignon (ed.), Choix des lettres difiantes: crites des missions

trangres, Tome IV, 2009, 37-38

16

Il n'y a point de Grec qui ne s'imagine pouvoir tirer son origine de Priam, & de

These, ou de quelqu autre grand Potentat. [Charles de Saint Maure], Voyage de

Grce, d Egypte, de Palestine, d Italie, de Suisse, d Alsace, et des Pais-Bas, fait en 1721,
1722, & 1723, Haye 1724, 38.

23

 . ,
, .
. ,
, , . ,
, ' ,
;17
Porter :
. , ,

' .


.
.

18. : If the modern Greeks
are almost strangers to the virtues, or to all arts and learning of the ancients,

17

18

. , 1700-1800, 1973, 143.

The modern Greeks are a near image and resemblance of the ancient. Too crafty and

subtle, too intriguing, vain, and vindictive, either to support and maintain the interest,
reputation, and glory of a republic ; or to share with, and submit to government under a
monarch of their own; their busy spirit seems exactly formed and adjusted to live no where
tranquil but under a foreign subjection; where the heavy hand of power can depress the
soaring ambition of their genius, and curb the violence of their passions; where severity can
awe them to obedience, and if not to social virtue, at least to social quiet. The Turks have
suffered them to retain some marks of honour, some traces of a former splendor; but these are
entirely confined to the hierarchy of their church, and to three employments of profit and

24

they have surprisingly retained their levity. Without the least knowledge of
Homer, Anacreon, or Theocritus, they abound in poetry, such as it is, lovesongs, ballads, and pastorals; they are eternally singing or dancing. They have
carefully preserved the Cretan Lyre, and Pan's pipe, the septem imparibus
calami's, "seven unequal reeds," and also the pipe of the Arcadian Shepherds.
They still use the ancient long dance led by one person, either with women
alone, or intermixed with men and women, called by pre-eminence the
Romeika, or Greek dance. They have also the manly martial Pyrrhic dance, and
those most obscene infamous love-dances, accompanied with the loriici Moiui,
offensive to all modesty and decency 19.
,
18 , Guys20,

,

19 .

Sieur de Poullet
(Greek).

,
,
. Poullet 1657 "

dignity in civil government. James Porter, Observations on the Religion, Law, Government, and
Manners of the Turks, v. I, Dublin 1768, 179.
19

Porter, Observations on the Religion, 193-194.

20

. , 1700-1800, 232.

25


"21.

,
,
. 18

,
, Greeks
. Craven
,

18 ,


22.

21

La seconde marresta la faon de vivre des gens de ce pays, qui sont tous Grecs

de rit & dorigine, & ne laissent pas davoir leurs dances, leurs jeux, leurs
divertissemens aussi bien que les Turcs effectifs.Sieur Poullet, Nouvelles relations du
Levant, premire partie, Paris 1668, 170.
22

, ,

,
18 , ,
,
, .

,
. ,

26


16 Wratislaw von Mitrowitz: "
, ,

. '
:
, "23.
,

Franois

Richard,

,
.

: "' , 1655

. :
"24.
1728 ,

: "

. 17-18 ,
2006, 420.
23

24

, 333-1700, 424.
Nonobstant cet accommodement lan 1655. Au mois dAoust, lEvesque Grec

taschoit de semparer de cette Eglise & de tous ses revenus, apportant pour raison,
que puisquelle avoit est bastie par un Empereur Grec, elle luy appartenoit.
Franois Richard, Relation de ce qui sest pass de plus remarquable Sant-Erini isle de
lArchipel, Paris 1657, 32.

27

Sevin Fourmont,
,

25.
James Porter,
A

:

,



26.
,

.


, .
:
[] ,

25

, 1700-1800, 115-6.

26

Whoever could live among the Greeks, and observe their refined intrigues, their

eternal and continued contests for these ecclesiastical and civil dignities, would see a
true portrait in miniature of the worst Peloponnesian republics, and a most striking
resemblance of their abominable practices under their own emperors, from
Constantine to the last of the Palologuss. Porter, Observations on the Religion, 180.

28


,
,
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,

,


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15 , 18
27.

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28.


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,

27

. , 1784-1872, 2003, 13-

14.
28

, ,

. -. , 2001, 117.

30

 . []

,
29. 1490

30. 1527
31. 1548

.
(1540)
32.
, 1625
:
,

, ,
33. (1631)

29

, , 1.4, 1.6.

30

. ,
, 1978, 395.
31

E. Legrand, Bibliographie Hellnique, ou description raisonne des ouvrages en grec par les

grecs aux XVe et XVIe sicles, t. I, Paris 1885, 197.

32

. G. Tolias, Totius Graecia: Nicolaos Sofianos Map of Greece and the

transformations of Hellenism, Journal of Modern Greek Studies 19 (2001), 1-22.

33

, ,

1825.

31

:

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, [].

( )
34.
1675

,
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:

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1710, ,
,
.
. 35!

, ,

34

E. Legrand, Bibliographie Hellnique, ou description raisonne des ouvrages en grec par les

grecs aux XVIIe sicle, t. II, Paris 1894, 295-297.

35

. . ,

, 30 (2009), 54.

32


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, , [, 1710], 84.

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