Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MTHR Report 2012
MTHR Report 2012
VCO
N
Reference
oscillator
PIC
microcontroller
FPGA
LUT
ADC
Test port
Antenna
Load
Control
Phase locked loop
Atten PA
LPF
LPF
Quadrature modulator
Address
Data
Mode select
switches
FIGURE A3 System architecture for phone exposure systems
FIGURE A4 Modulation process
Data dt
cos
sin
+
-
cos(t)
sin(t)
( )
3
3
4 4
4 4
=
Appendix A MTHR Phone Exposure System Specifcation
30
Mobile Telecommunications and Health Research Programme Report 2012
in the specifcation, to ensure there were no transient
spectral components outside the nominal channel.
Exposure system spectra and bursts
The spectral content of the handsets when in the
modulated modes were measured and compared to the
spectral masks for the standards (Figures A9 and A10 for
GSM and TETRA, respectively). The GSM simulated signal
source conformed well to the standard and the TETRA
handset exceeded the permitted levels for a real device
when the signal was lower than 1/200,000th of the peak
level. This was mainly due to spurious sidebands on the
phase-locked loop synthesiser output. Both handsets
were passed by Ofcom for use within the MTHR project.
Antennas
For both the TETRA and GSM handsets, external helical
antennas were used so that SAR levels towards the top
of the allowable range could be readily achieved with
the peak RF powers available. The helical antennas were
tuned such that they were well matched in proximity to
the head of a user. The antennas showed typical return
losses better than 10 dB, and not worse than 7 dB.
However, the exact match was dependent on the precise
positioning of the handset with respect to the head.
FIGURE A5 Constant amplitude modulation signal, as:
(a) 3-dimensional and (b) 2-dimensional phasor diagrams
During any given symbol period k, f was calculated
as f
k
= f
k-1
+ f
k
and from this the nominal limiting
values of the in-phase and quadrature amplitudes
were calculated. The nominal I and Q amplitudes
were multiplied by impulse trains at the symbol
rate to produce impulse trains of the correct I and Q
amplitudes (Figure A6). These impulse trains were then
convolved with the impulse response of the root-raised
cosine flter with r = 0.35. The flter impulse response
was given by
The whole modulation process is illustrated in
Figure A7.
The resultant modulating waveforms are shown
graphically in Figure A8. It is these calculated
modulation waveforms that were stored in the LUT in
the exposure system in blocks equal to one timeslot.
The data in each block were conditioned to provide the
ramping function at the start and end of a slot as given
1 4r
2
[ ] [ ]
sin (1 r) + 4r cos (1 + r)
[ ( ) ]
h(t) =
t t t
T T T
t
T
t
T
t
T
t
T
x z , y , ( )
FIGURE A6 (a) variation in I and Q amplitudes and
(b) the same data transformed and shown in the time
domain
(a)
(b)
(a)
0 200 400
1
0
1
Sample
I
a
n
d
Q
a
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Normalised time
A
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e
(b)
31
FIGURE A7 Modulation process
Data
cos sin
+
-
cos(t)
sin(t)
S/P LUT
+
Unit impulse train
at the symbol rate
Signaling pulse
i * h
q * h
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Normalised time
A
m
p
litu
d
e