Chapter 1

1. Use a good dictionary and extract information describing the following words: vocabulary, thesaurus, glossary and terminology (as well as all their related terms)
vocabulary plural vocabularies 1 [uncountable and countable] all the words that someone knows or uses Reading is one of the best ways of improving your vocabulary. He has a wide vocabulary. active vocabulary (=the words someone can use) passive vocabulary (=the words someone can understand, but does not use) 2 [countable] all the words in a particular language: English has the largest vocabulary of any language. 3 [uncountable and countable] the words that are typically used when talking about a particular subject: Most technical jobs use a specialized vocabulary. vocabulary of the vocabulary of politics 4 [uncountable and countable] the range of possible features, effects, actions etc, especially in a type of music or art vocabulary of Charlie Parker expanded the vocabulary of jazz. 5 (the word) failure/guilt/compromise etc is not in somebody's vocabulary used to say that someone never thinks of accepting failure etc 6 [countable] old-fashioned a list of words with explanations of their meanings, especially in a book for learning a foreign language thesaurus plural thesauruses or thesauri [countable] a book in which words are put into groups with other words that have similar meanings glossary plural glossaries [countable] a list of special words and explanations of their meanings, often at the end of a book terminology [tur-muh-nol-uh-jee] Show IPA noun, plural terminologies. 1.the system of terms belonging or peculiar to a science, art, orspecialized subje ct; nomenclature: the terminology of botany. 2.the science of terms, as in particular sciences or arts.

2. Give four examples of lexicographic works which describe the English, the Romanian or the French vocabularies. 1. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 2. Macmillan English Dictionary (British English) 3. Oxford English Dictionary

4. Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary 5. Collins English Dictionary 3. Indentify the free morphemes in the following words: Soluble, talkative, swollen, riches, goes, widen, finds, boys, spoken, martyrdom, snowy,birdie soluble 4. Can you give four examples of one-phoneme bound morphemes? 1. cats 2. birds 3. exercises 4. themes 5. Can you give four examples of several-phoneme bound morphemes? 1. laughed 2. runer 3. librarian 4. player 6. Can you give four examples of one-syllabled free morphemes? 1. air 2. grass 3. three 4. game 7. Can you give examples of different morphemes with a similar pronunciation? 1. ant/aunt 2. cellar/seller 8. The pairs of words trial and triangle, unilateral and unique, multiple and multiracial have a similar group of phonemes in their structure; what is odd about them? Could you find other examples to illustrate the same oddity? hypothermia - hypocrisy 9. Read the following pair of words and comment on their special feature. Give your own example to reveal the same feature. face facetious 10. Distinguish the clichs from the set phrases in the examples below and give the Romanian versions for the last five examples: from cover to cover, to add insult to injury (clich), shoulder to shoulder, high and dry, to have an ace up ones sleeve, in the nick of time, to be armed to the teeth = narmat pn n dini, a wolf in sheeps clothing = lup n blan de oaie, in the distance = n timp, at full speed = ct de repede posibil, wise after the event = gndete nainte de a face. 11. Group the clichs below into informal and learned and match them to their explanation: (a) to cut the Gordian knot 1. to laugh to oneself/be inwardly amused (b) to come a day after the fair 2. if God so wishes /will

(c) Deo volente (d) to die in harness (e) dolce far niente (f) fall between two stools (g) to know the ropes (h) to laugh in ones sleeve (i) the lions share

3. to come after the event happened 4. to be well informed 5. the principal share or portion 6. the very pleasant state of idleness 7. to die working 8. to fail because hesitation between alternatives 9. to solve by force/evasion a very difficult problem 10. to lay ones cards on the table

a 9; b 10; c 2; d 7; e 6; f 8; g 4; h 1; i 5.

12. Group the proverbs below so as to fill in the table: 1. A stitch in time saves nine. 2. Better safe than sorry. 3. The early bird catches the worm. 4. The proof of the cook is in the pudding. 5. You scratch my back Ill scratch your back. 6. The apple doesnt fall far from the tree. 7. Look for the shillings and the pounds will look after themselves. 8. If you wish good advice consult an old man. 9. The other mans pasture always looks the greenest. 10. Like father, like son. 11. The wolf may lose his teeth, but never his nature. 12. Wise men learn by other mens harms; fools by their own.

English-Romanian similar syntactic pattern proverbs

You scratch my back Ill scratch your back. The apple doesnt fall far from the tree. The wolf may lose his teeth, but never his nature. Wise men learn by other mens harms; fools by their own.

English-Romanian similar meaning proverbs

Language-specific proverbs

Better safe than sorry. The early bird catches the worm. The other mans pasture always looks the greenest. Like father, like son.

A stitch in time saves nine. The proof of the cook is in the pudding. Look for the shillings and the pounds will look after themselves. If you wish good advice consult an old man.

Chapter 2
1. Translate into Romanian paying attention to the reduplicative terms: The provenance and quality of the chicken of which he spoke were unquestionably tip-top (The Whole Bird and Nothing But, Philippa Davenport, Financial Times.

Travel, Sept. 29-30, 2001, XIII) Provenienta si calitatea puilor despre care am vorbit a fost intradevar excelenta. Heres luck, but chin-chin I do refuse, laughed Fielding, who detested the phrase. Heres to India! (O. Wilde - The Picture of Dorian Gray, p.167) Pentru noroc, dar discursuri eu nu tin, rase Fielding, care a urat fraza. Pentru India! 2. Match the following reduplications with their definitions: a) helter-skelter b) namby-pamby c) bling-bling d) topsy-turvy 1. ostentatious, over-the-top (jewelry or dress, usually used to demonstrate the wearers wealth) 2. childish and weakly sentimental 3. upset, with the top where the bottom should be 4. in chaotic and disorderly haste a 4; b 2; c 1; d 3 3. Distinguish between onomatopoeia and adjectives. Use two of these examples in sentences of your own. lovey-dovey (adjective), moo-moo (onomatopoeia), shilly-shally (adjective), quack-quack (onomatopoeia), hush-hush (adjective) The little girl was simply lovey-dovey! Quack-quack, and the duck flew with her kind. 4. Use the following reduplications to produce correct sentences: helter-skelter, shilly-shally, willy-nilly, nitty-gritty, win-win, hocus-pocus, touchy-touchy. The projected video feed of its crazed, helter-skelter movements delivers the sickening effect of a fairground ride. Scientists don't have the time or resources to shilly-shally with every new idea that comes down the pike. He lay on the floor in a loose heap, rolling willy-nilly with every roll of the Elsinore. They were all waiting anxiously to hear the nitty-gritty details, as if throwing up your guts was a major accomplishment. Its what I call a win-win, and what my customers call one doozy of a deal. Even with the hocus-pocus, this movie has my allegiance - and not only for its wellconsidered view of dance. Seeing the seeds germinate is like witnessing the birth of life, it can be so touchy-touchy.

Chapter 3
EXERCISES 1. Consider the examples below, underline the initialisms and use four of them in sentences of your own: Telecoms = telecommunications ESP = English for Specific Purposes / esp = extra sensorial perception km = kilometer MASH = mobile army surgical hospital kW = kilowatt PROLOG = programming Logic L = litre Asdic = Allied/Anti Submarine Detection Investigation Committee basic English = British, American, Scientific, International, Commercial [a simplified from of the E. language for international communication and for first steps into full E invented by Charles K.Ogden (1889 1957); it consist of a selected vocabulary of 850 essential words (Webster 1966: 122)] high tech = high technology SDO = Solar Dynamic Observer (American satellite) IT = Information technology 2. Look up the abbreviations below in a good dictionary and introduce them into sentences of your own: Pet E, Phar. B, Phar. D, Phar. M., Pac, 3. Use a good dictionary to find out the meaning of the following abbreviations: BAFTA (British Academy of Film and Television Arts), TNT (Trinitrotoluene), DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), UFO (Unidentified Flying Object), UMWA (United Mine Workers of America), CNN (Cable News Network), BAA (Bachelor of Applied Arts), EFL , LSP, PAC (Political Action Committee)
EFL EFL EFL EFL EFL EFL EFL EFL EFL EFL EFL EFL EFL EFL EFL EFL EFL English as a Foreign Language Effective Focal Length Eastern Federal Lands Environments for Living European Football League (rugby) External Financing Limit (UK) Emitter-Follower Logic Electricity Facts Label (Public Utility Commission of Texas) English Football League Environmental Foundation Limited (Sri Lanka) Edited for Length Emergency Flare Launcher Eureka Forbes Limited Entry Flight Level Established Financial Limit Electrical Flying Lead Electronic Foot Locker

EFL Extended Free List EFL Environmental Fund for Lebanon Project EFL Education for Life (various organizations) LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP Label Switched Path Local Strategic Partnership Louisiana State Police Layered Service Provider Lumpy Space Princess (Adventure Time TV show) Link State Protocol Language Service Provider Local Service Provider (Telephony) Lightest Supersymmetric Particle Liskov Substitution Principle Link State PDU (SIF) Link State Packet (Novell) Language for Special Purposes (terminology) Logistics Service Provider Licensed Site Professional Language for Specific Purposes (Conference) Local Survivable Processor (Avaya) Little Sisters of the Poor (religious order) Linux Support Package Legal Services Plan Laminar Soot Processes Leitstze fr die Preisermittlung Lodging Success Program (US Army) Socialist Liberal Party (Egypt) Land-Surface Parameterization Logistics Support Plan Las Piedras, Venezuela - Josefa Camejo (Airport Code) Less Sensitive Person LAN Support Program (IBM) Location Service Provider Latvijas Socialistiska Partija (Latvian Socialist Party) Last Summer Productions Limestone Powder (concrete) Light Speed Pascal Linear Spectral Pair (signal processing) Last Seen Point (search & rescue) Launch Sequence Plan Loot Share Points (gaming; Runescape) Laboratory Standards Project Laboratory Support Processor Laser Shock Peening/Processing List Service Provider Literature Sponsorship Program Lube & Scavenge Pump Laboratory Suggestion Program Lookback Scenario Pattern Link Stress Penalty Light Stopping Particle Low Shutdown Setpoint Life Support Pallet Low Stock Point Leadership Systems Program (Sprint) Low Speed Protection (Tadiran) Linearly-Scaled Permutations Layout Specific Package Logistics Strategy Plan

LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP LSP

Lone Star Pitbulls (football) Light Switch Plate Large Scale Pilot Library Service Program (Kansas City, MO) Learning Support Programme (various locations) Lower Secondary Programme (University of Cambridge; UK and India) Life Skills Profile (psychiatric test) Legal Studies Program (various schools)

4. Now choose two of them and introduce them in sentences of your own

A UFO was spotted over the fields of Mexico. The police found a cargo full of TNT at the docks.
EXERCISES 1. Group the examples below into the columns of the following table: bro, info, phone, bus, memo, sec, bike, lab, mike, maam, chap, mob, oer, coon aphaeresis Phone Bus Chap maam oer mike bike coon syncope Info Lab Bro Memo Sec mob apocope

2. Translate the text below and comment on the English clippings and their Romanian versions: The student goes to the varsity, studies under a prof, takes an exam and enjoys a vac. (Woods 1969:120)

Studentul se duce la universitate, studiaza sub indrumarea unui profesor, da un examen si se bucura de vacanta.
3. Match the clipped words in column A with their full-forms in column B (a) Wellington boots 1. prenup (b) professional 2. `toon (c) biographical information 3. wellies (d) prenuptial contract 4. pro (e) cartoon (awards) 5. bio (f) biology 6. gym (g) gymnasium (h) physical education

1 d; 2 e; 3 a; 4 b; 5 f; 6 g

EXERCISES 1. Distinguish between back-clippings and back formations To televise (< television) back formation, sec (<second) back clipping, doc (<document or < doctor) back clipping, to intuit (<intuition) back formation, vet (<veterinarian) back clipping, to grovel (<groveling) back formation, to sidle (<sideling) back formation, vivisect (<vivisection) back clipping 2. Read the etymological explanations of the words below and decide what mechanism they illustrate: to book-keep (<book-keeper), Jap (<Japanese), to dressmake (<dress-maker), to matchmake <match maker), to typewrite (< typewriter), to merrymake (merrymaker), to henpeck (<henpecked), to sunburn (< participle sunburnt), collate (< collation), partake ( < partaker/ part taker), bushwhack (< bushwhacker), tux (<Tuxedo, park and resort in the New York State), chap (<Chapman or tradesman in the 18 th century), Paki (<Pakistani), commie (<communist), bolshie (<bolshevist). A. clipping Jap Tux Chap Paki Commie Bolshie Collate Partake bushwhack B. back-formation To book-keep To dressmake To matchmake To typewrite To merrymake To henpeck To sunburn

Chapter 4
1. Use a good (etymological) dictionary and write the lexical card of the following propername-derived words: jersey, bikini, vulcanize, sardine, to hector, damascene, baldachin, astrakhan, Madeira, messaline Note: a lexical card should include the following details: Word Meaning(s) Details about the origin of the word Example in a context. jersey
noun \jr-z\ plural jerseys Definition of JERSEY

1: a plain weft-knitted fabric made of wool, cotton, nylon, rayon, or silk and used especially for clothing 2: any of various close-fitting usually circular-knitted garments especially for the upper body

3 capitalized : any of a breed of small short-horned predominantly yellowish brown or fawn dairy cattle noted for their rich milk
Examples of JERSEY

The dress is made of cotton jersey.

Origin of JERSEY

Jersey, one of the Channel Islands First Known Use: 1587

bikini
noun \b-k-n\ Definition of BIKINI

1 a : a woman's scanty two-piece bathing suit b : a man's brief swimsuit 2: a man's or woman's low-cut briefs
bikinied also bikini'd adjective Origin of BIKINI

French, from Bikini, atoll of the Marshall Islands First Known Use: 1947

vulcanize
[vuhl-kuh-nahyz] verb (used with object), vulcanized, vulcanizing. 1.to treat (rubber) with sulfur and heat, thereby impartingstrength, greater elasticity, du rability, etc. 2.to subject (a substance other than rubber) to some analogousprocess, as to harden it. Also, especially British, vulcanise. Origin: 182030; Vulcan + -ize

ardine
noun \sr-dn\ plural sardines also sardine Definition of SARDINE

1: any of several small or immature fishes of the herring family;especially : the European pilchard (Sardina pilchardus) especially when young and of a size suitable for preserving for food 2: any of various small fishes (as an anchovy) resembling the true sardines or similarly preserved for food

Origin of SARDINE
Middle English sardeine, from Anglo-French, from Latinsardina First Known Use: 14th century
1

hector

noun \hek-tr\ Definition of HECTOR

1 capitalized : a son of Priam, husband of Andromache, and Trojan champion slain by Achilles 2: BULLY, BRAGGART
Examples of HECTOR

<a small-town hector with no job and lots of time on his hands>
Origin of HECTOR

Latin, from Greek Hektr First Known Use: 14th century

1

damascene

noun \da-m-sn, da-m-\ Definition of DAMASCENE

1 capitalized : a native or inhabitant of Damascus 2: the characteristic markings of Damascus steel

First Known Use of DAMASCENE

14th century
2

damascene

adjective Definition of DAMASCENE

1 capitalized : of, relating to, or characteristic of Damascus or the Damascenes 2: of or relating to damask or the art of damascening
First Known Use of DAMASCENE

14th century
3

damascene
transitive verb

damasceneddamascening
Definition of DAMASCENE

: to ornament (as iron or steel) with wavy patterns like those of watered silk or with inlaid work of precious metals
Origin of DAMASCENE

Middle French damasquiner, from damasquin of Damascus First Known Use: 1585

baldachin
noun \b l-d-kn, bal-\ plural baldachins or baldachinos Definition of BALDACHIN

1: a cloth canopy fixed or carried over an important person or a sacred object 2: a rich embroidered fabric of silk and gold 3: an ornamental structure resembling a canopy used especially over an altar
Variants of BALDACHIN

baldachin or baldachino
Origin of BALDACHIN

Italian baldacchino, from Baldacco Baghdad, Iraq First Known Use: 1537

astrakhan
noun, often capitalized \as-tr-kn, -kan\ Definition of ASTRAKHAN

1: karakul of Russian origin 2: a cloth with a usually wool, curled, and looped pile resembling karakul
Origin of ASTRAKHAN

Astrakhan, Russia First Known Use: 1766

Madeira
noun \m-dir-, -der-\ Definition of MADEIRA

: an amber-colored fortified wine from Madeira; also : a similar wine made elsewhere
Origin of MADEIRA

Portuguese, from Madeira Islands First Known Use: 1596

Madeira
geographical name \m-dir-, -der-\ Definition of MADEIRA

1: river 2013 miles (3239 kilometers) W Brazil formed at Bolivian border by confluence of the Mamor & the Beni & flowing NE to the Amazon 2: islands in North Atlantic N of the Canaries belonging to Portugal Funchal area 308 square miles (798 square kilometers), pop 245,011

3: island, chief of group area 285 square miles (741 square kilometers)
Madeiran adjective or noun

messaline
noun \me-s-ln\ Definition of MESSALINE

: a soft lightweight silk dress fabric with a satin weave

Origin of MESSALINE

French First Known Use: circa 1890

2. Consider the examples below and use each of the words in the pairs in sentences of your own: Limousin limousine : In our trip to France we visited a limousin ranch. The star guests arrived at the event by limousine. Bordereau - bordereau : You may find all the details you need in the bordereau. Bordereau was a powerful name in the French Revolution. Moor moor : Nowadays, the Moor live in northwest Africa. The freighter moored alongside the wharf. Pole pole : He speaks so well Polish because he is Pole. All the racers gathered at the pole. Webster webster : The girl graduated from Webster. Warren warren : While we were in vacantion in Michigan, we also visited Warren. All the rabits were in the warren. 3. Give two examples of chemical elements whose names originate in: a) names of planets: Mercury, Neptunium b) names of European countries:Germanium, Francium 4. Give five examples of plants (flowers and trees) whose names come from names of persons. Build three sentences to use some of your examples of such names of plants. Begonia, Dahlia, Magnolia, Freesia, Fuchsia The girl received on her first date a beautiful bouquet of freesias. Our neighbour planted some begonias in their garden. My husband bought me the most impressiv bouquet of magnolias on our 10th aniversary. 5. Make up four sentences to use names of food and drinks which originate in names of countries, counties or towns. All the guests at the party were served with bourbon. Many scholars eat in their luch breack hamburgers. In France we have drank the most good champagne. Cats love to eat sardines. 6. Use a good (etymological) dictionary and build sentences to illustrate the meaning of the following idiomatic constructions: To offend Mrs Grundy = to confront public opinion, to send somebody to Coventry = to deliberately ostracise someone, from Dan to Beersheba = how large something is, from China to Peru = all over the world, to grin like a Cheshire cat = Grinning broadly, to carry coal to Newcastle = to do something unnecessary.

Universitatea Dunrea de Jos, Galai Facultatea de Litere Specializarea Romn-Englez

Portofoliu la Limba Englez Contemporan

Prof. dr. Popescu Floriana

Student: Pavel Florina Eliza Anul II, grupa 2