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P Project
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P Project
onsite cleaning on regular basis 7 Litre capacity purified water storage tank LED indicators for power and purification process display Fully automatic operation with auto-on / auto-off Tamper-proof UF & RO Membrane fused inside membrane housing Push-fit components for leak-proof & maintenance-free performance Fully automatic operation with auto-start and auto-off Built-in SMPS to operate within 160-300V AC voltage ABS Construction for corrosion free lifespan Suitable for raw water from all types of sources like borewell, overhead storage tanks, water tankers and even municipal taps. Specifications
Purification Capacity Max. Duty Cycle Storage Tank Capacity Filter Cartridges RO Membrane UF Membrane Min. Inlet Water Pressure Input Voltage Operating Voltage Dimensions Net Weight 15** litres/ hour 75 litres/ day 7 litres Sediment, Activated Carbon, UF 1812-75 GPD 0.01 Micron 0.3 kg/cm 2 160300V AC (50Hz) 24V DC L390 W285 H440 (mm) 7.500 kg
Elite Mineral RO Water Purifiers Patented TDS Control System retains essential natural minerals in purified water Transparent, detachable tank for easy onsite cleaning on regular basis 7 Litre capacity purified water storage tank LED indicators for power and purification process display Fully automatic operation with auto-on / auto-off Tamper-proof UF & RO Membrane fused inside membrane housing Push-fit components for leak-proof & maintenance-free performance Fully automatic operation with auto-start and auto-off Built-in SMPS to operate within 160-300V AC voltage ABS Construction for corrosion free lifespan Suitable for raw water from all types of sources like borewell, overhead storage tanks, water tankers and even municipal taps. Specifications
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Purification Capacity Max. Duty Cycle Storage Tank Capacity Filter Cartridges RO Membrane UF Membrane Min. Inlet Water Pressure Input Voltage Operating Voltage Dimensions Net Weight
15** litres/ hour 75 litres/ day 7 litres Sediment, Activated Carbon, UF 1812-75 GPD 0.01 Micron 0.3 kg/cm 2 160300V AC (50Hz) 24V DC L390 W285 H440 (mm) 7.500 kg
A Banking company in India has defined in the Banking companies Act 1949 as one which tr ansacts the of deposit of money from the public repayable on demand or otherwise and wit hdraw able by cheque, draft order or otherwise.
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A Banking Company in India has been defined in the Banking Companies Act 1949 as one whi ch transacts the business of banking which means the accepting of the purpose of lending or i nvestment of deposit of money from the public repayable on demand or otherwise and withd raw able by cheque, draft or otherwise. Banking in India oriented in last decades of the 18th Century. The oldest bank in existence in I ndia is the State Bank of India, a government owned bank that traces its origins back to June 1806 and that is the largest commercial bank in the country. Central banking is the respon sibility of the Reserve Bank of India, which in 1935 formally took over those responsibilities fr om the then Imperial Bank of India relegating it to commercial banking functions. After Indep endence of India in 1947, the Reserve Bank was Nationalized and given broader powers. In 19 69 the government nationalized the 14 largest commercial banks; and in the year 1980 it nati onalized another 7 commercial banks.
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The first phase is from 1786 to 1969, in this early phase the bank of India was set up in the year 1786. Next came bank of Hindustan and Bengal bank (1809), in 1865 Allahabad bank establishe d and first time extensively by Indians, Punjab national bank Ltd, was set up in 1894. Between 1 906 and 1913 bank of India, Central Bank of India Bank of Baroda, Canara bank, Indian bank and Bank of mysore set up. Reserve bank of India came in 1935
Second phase of nationalization India banking sector reform was carried out in 1980 with seven more bank. This step brought 80%of the banking segment in India under government ownership.
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The following are the steps taken by the Government of India to regulate Bankin g Institution in the country:
1. 2.
1955: Nationalization of State Bank of India. 3. 1960: Nationalization of SBI Subsidiaries. 4. 1961: Insurance cover extended to deposits. 1969: Nationalization of 14 major banks.
5. 6. 7.
1971: Creation of credit guarantee corporation. 1975: Creation of region rural banks. 1980: Nationalization of seven banks with deposits over 200 Crores.
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In third new phase of Indian Banking with the advent of Financial and Banking sector reforms, introdu ced many more products and facilities in the banking sector. In 1991 under the chairman of M.Narasi mhan, a committee was set up by his which for liberalizes of banking practices.
1) Scheduled banks
I. II. State co- operative. Commercial banks.
2) Non-scheduled bank
I. Central co- operative banks and Primary Credit Societies.
Public Sector Banks. SBI and its subsidiaries. Other Nationalized Banks. Regional Rural Banks.
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Banking in India has its origin from the Vedic times. It is believed that the Transist in from mon ey lending to bank9ing must have accrued even before MANU the great Hindu jurist who has de voted a section of his work to deposits and advances and let down rules relating to rate of interest In the present scenario, service sectors plays an important role in the country, among services sect or banking is one which plays a vital role in economic development. The liberalization and econom ic reference allowed banks to explore new business opportunity rather than generating revenues f rom borrowing and lending. The Banking industry was regulated by The Indian Banking Regulation Act of 1949, it define s a banking industry as Any industry which transits banking business in India. Banking means Accepting for purpose of lending all investment of deposits of money from the public repayable o n demand or otherwise and withdrawal by cheque or demand draft.
During the mogul period, the indigenous bankers played a very important role in lending mo ney and financing foreign and commerce. During the days of the east India company, it was the tu rn of the agency houses to carry on the banking business. The general of India was the first joint s tock bank to establish in the era 1786. The others, which followed were the bank of Hindustan an d the Bengal bank.
According to Sir John Paget, No person or body CORPORATE or otherwise can be a banker who d oes not take the followings:
i.
Deposit accounts
ii. Current accounts iii. Issue and pay cheque iv. Collect cheque, crossed and non-crossed, for his customers.
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In the first half of the 19th century the East India Company Establish: 1. Bank of Bengal in 1809. 2. Bank of Bombay in 1846. 3. Bank of madras in 1843. These three banks also known as presidency banks were independent units and functional well. These three banks were amalgamated in 1920 and new bank, his imperial bank of India was established on 27th January 1921. With the passing of state bank of India at 1955 the undertaking of the imperial ban k of India was taken over by newly constituted state bank of India.
The reserve bank, which is the central, was created in 1935 by passing reserve bank of India Ac t 1934. In the wake of the Swedish movement, number of banks with Indian management were establ ish in country namely, Punjab national bank Ltd, Canara bank Ltd, Indian bank Ltd. On july 19th 1969, major banks of the country were nationalized and in 15th april 1980, seven more commercial banks al so taken over by the government. Today the commercial banking system in India may be distinguished into:
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Development Banks:
1. Industrial Financial Corporation of India (IFCI). 2. Industrial Development Banks of India (IDBI). 3. Industrial Credit & Investment Corporation of Indian (ICICI). 4. Industrial Investment Bank of India (IIBI). 5. Small Industrial Development Bank of India (SIDBI). 6. National Bank for Agriculture & Rural Development (NABARD). 7. Export Import Bank of India. 8. National Housing Bank.
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CO-OPERATIVE
Co-operative is self help as well as mutual help. It is the joint enterprise of those who are not financially strong and cannot stand on their own legs, and therefore come together not with a view to getting profits, but to overcome disability arising out of want of adequate financial resources, and thus better economies condition. India is an agricultural country and an industrially backward country. So the develop ment of agriculture and industry is of utmost importance. For the development of agricultu re and industry, finance is indispensable. But there is scarcity of finance. Therefore, the cooperative banks are playing in important role in providing the finance. A co-operative society is a voluntary association of individuals. A person is free to joi n or not to join a co-operative society as its members. A co-operative society is formed prim arily for the purpose of rendering maximum service to its members, and not for earning m aximum profits. Service, not profit is the main aim of co-operative society. Customer helps the bank to improve the services by giving suggestions and recomme ndations. It is the customer who use the facilities provided by the bank, so it is very import ant for the bank to know what are the services expected by customers, types of customer, th eir problems, how effectively and efficiently It is serving the customers, attitude of the custo mers about. Its services, functions etc
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r o w i n g
o f
f u n d s
o f
l e n d i n g
o f
c r e d i t .
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iii.
To promote the effective use of credit and to reduce the risk and the granting of credit careful said continuous supervisions of the borrowing numbers.
iv.
To reduce the cost of management through the honorary service of numbers and their by keep the cost of credit as low as possible.
v.
To make the co-operative credit societies or co-operative banks credit worthy and to enable them to raise sufficient funds to finance other co-operative enterprises.
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the state co-operative banks, the co-operative societies Act of 1912 gave stimulus to the co-opera tive credit movement in India. The co-operative credit movement made good progress during and after the first world war of 1914-1918. But during the great depression of 1929-1933, it received a serious setback. With the outbreak of the second world war of 1939-1945, the co-operative cre dit movement made considerable progress once again. The number of co-operative credit instituti on has increased, their membership had gone up and their deposits and advances also had increas ed considerably. During the post independence era, much progress has been made in co-operativ e banking thanks to the keen interest shown by the Reserve Bank of India in Co-operative credit movement.
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In each state, there is a state Co-operative bank at the apex level in each district, there is a centr al co-operative bank at the base level there are primary credit societies The following diagram provides in a nut shell an idea of the co-operative in India.
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Agricultural Credit
Non-Agricultural C redit
Grain Banks
The co-operative provides short terms and medium term credit. They are agricultural and non-agr icultural credit societies. There are primary agricultural credit societies and functioning in towns and cities. In addition, th ere are farms service societies and grain banks. For providing long term agricultural credit there are primary and central land development banks.
1)
PRIMARY
AGRICULTURAL
CREDIT
SOCIETIES(PACS):
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PACS lie at the root of the co-operative credit structure of the country, they all at the local or base level. In rural areas, there are primary agricultural credit societies, which cater to the shor t and medium term credit needs of the farmers. The directly dial with the farmers. The PACS grant short term, medium loans only to numbers against the personal security a nd mortgage security. The rates of interest charged by them vary from state to state. They deposit their reserve funds with the co-operative banks.
2)
3)
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between 50-90% of the working capital of the SCBs are contributed by the Reserve Bank
.
4)
5)
6)
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Following the recommendation of the national Federation of Urban co-operative Banks, th e RBI has decide to include in the 2nd schedule of RBI act, 1934, all licensed urban co-operative. Banks whose total deposits are Rs. 50 crores and above and whose methods of operation and wor king all satisfactory.
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vii.
administration, cases of deflation and embezzlement of funds are quite common in the case of many co-operative credit societies. This has resulted in the unsuccessful working of many co-operative credit societies particularly in rural areas.
viii.
Co-operative banks i.e. primary credit societies in rural areas, suffer from stiff competition. From village money lenders, this has also contributed to the unsuccessful working of many village co-operative credit societies.
ix.
The official machinery of the government, which is expected to provide guidance, raise the tone of the administration of the co-operative credit societies and take timely steps to present mismanagement, has proved ineffective. This has made the co-operative banking system weal an inefficient.
x.
The particular nature of the agricultural industry and the literacy and heavy indebtedness of the farmers have also contributed to the inefficient and unsuccessful working of many primary co-operative credit societies.
MEASURING TO BE TAKEN FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF CO-OPER ATIVE BANKING: Some of the measures would be taken for improvement of co-operative banking ar e:1. The primary co-operative credit society which is the pivot of the whole co-operative banking system should be reconstituted on sound co-operative lines. 2. There should be greater emphasis on the inculcation of co-operative spirit, honesty and the habit of thrift among the members of the co-operative credit society should also be
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3. made to understand the importance of building up of own funds and also the needs for ensuring all sided development of agriculture. 4. Proper training should be given to the staff of the co-operative credit societies in cooperation, rural economics and theory and practice of banking. 5. Co-operative credit societies should be made to grant loan strictly for productive purposes keeping in view the honesty and repaying capacity of the borrowers. This could prevent the members of credit societies from misusing the co-operative credit and living beyond the means. This could also help the credit society in effective recovery of advances. 6. Step should be taken to separate the overdue and long term loans to bring them down to a level at which the borrower could be which would be reasonably expected to repay them out of their agriculture surplus within a reasonable period of time. 7. The co-operative bank should build up enough reserve out of their profit for overcoming the shortage of funds and for withstanding financial stress and strains. 8. The official machinery of the government should provide timely guidance and raise the tone of administration of credit co-operative society. The co-operative credit movement should be made a movement of the people, and not a moveme nt of government. This is, the co-operative credit societies should be setup only where the people need them and have the required co-operative discipline to run them successfully. They should n ot be imposed on the people, whether they
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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: To study about the various aspects of fund management and utilization of funds in
hanumantha nagar co-operative bank ltd.
To gain insights about the future prospects of fund management and to explore to
the future prospects of fund management in hanamantha nagar co-operative bank l td.
To manage liquidity to meet project cash flow requirements To analyze, conclude the suggestions based on findings.
METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY: The research being analytical in nature, data is collected through two sources :
PRIMARY SOURCE OF DATA: The data collected is primary in nature. P rimary data is collected through direct discussions with manager and staff of the o rganization in hanumantha nagar co-operative bank. SECONDARY SOURCE OF DATA: The data was collected through secon dary sources. As this project was a descriptive study conducted, data is obtained fr om journals, books and Annual reports from the bank etc.,
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LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: Since most of the information obtained was from primary resources it was a bit di fficult to get the information. The comparison of various calculations may not have same conditions, which ma y result in unrelated comparisons. The data and figures received from the company were absolute. My conclusion and finding are based upon information provided by the banks off icials.
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CHAPTER SCHEMES:
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION: The study on this chapter contains the subject background of t he research topic and the introduction to subject.
CHAPTER 2: RESERCH DESIGN: The report we provide a plan of the study that includes state ment of problems, scope of the study, operational definition of concepts, methodology and limita tions of the study and overview of the chapter scheme.
CHAPTER 3: PROFILE OF THE FIRM: The report will contain the complete profile of the indu stry including history, nature of business, products and services.
CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA: The chapter will include anal ysis and interpretation of the data and the information will provided by the appropriate means of tables, graphs and charts where ever necessary followed by the references.
CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: The study will provide a su mmary of findings that will complied from the inferences drawn through the analysis of data.
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