ksh; iïfndaêhg

^fidajdka m,hg&

uq¿ uy fmd<fjysu rclu ,nkjdg;a jvd foõf,dj foõiem ,nkjdg;a jvd ish¨
f,dalhkays wêm;s fjkjdg;a jvd fida;dm;a;s M,hg m;aùu W;a;u fõ.
^LqoaOl ksldfha $ Oïumo md,sfha f,dal j¾.h&

yxje,a, Ndjkd uOHia:dkh

 ms,s.ekaùu

w;sYhska ÿ¾,NjQ fï ukqIH cSú;fhaoS wvqu jYfhka fidajdka úh hq;=h hk mru

mú;% fÉ;kdfjka hq;=j wm ieu O¾udkq O¾u m%;smodj flf¾ fhduq lrñka,
i;amqreIfhla, .=rejrfhla, l,Hdk ñ;%fhla f,i wmieu ks;sm;d ffO¾hu;a lrk
ch;s,l wmamqydñ uy;d ^Ndjkd uy;a;hd& fj; ms,s.kajuq.

2
 lD;{;dj

fuu fmd; úoHq;a fmd;lg fldïmshqg¾ ;dÌkh ;=,ska mßj¾;kh lr ÿka iqfïOd
Okfialr fukúh iy fuys fidaÿm;a ne,Su lr ÿka huqkd úfcaiqkaor uy;añhg;a ta
jf.au wdpd¾H wdßhr;ak uy;dg;a wfma lD;{;djh fufia m,lr isák w;r fuys
msgljrh ilial,--- uy;dgo ta jf.au fuys uq¯k ld¾hh uekúka lrÿka-----
uq¯kd,fha ish¨ fokdgu;a wms ia;=;sjka; fjuq

3
 mgqk
msgq wxl
1 msúiqu
1-1 ye|skaùu 7-10
1-2 fidajdka ud¾. yd m, .ek l:dl, hq;af;a oek .; hq;af;a
ukao? 11-12
1-3 úoHdj, o¾Ykh fidndoyu yd nqÿoyu ms,sn| ixikaokd;aul
ú.%hla lrkak 12-14
1-4 fn!oaO o¾Ykh “wkd;au jdohla” hkqfjka woyia lrkafka l=ulao? 14-17
1-5 fidajdka fjkak wjYHo lshk m%Yakhla b;du jákd m%Yakhla 17-19
1-6 fidajdka fjkak wjYHuo? 19-19
1-7 i;ajhl= hkq ljqo? 19-24
1-8 kdu O¾u j, iajrEmh kej;;a fjk fjku f.k úia;r lrkjdo? 25-32

2 fidajdka u. yd M, ms,sn| úia;rhla

2-1 fidajdka ùu hkafkys f;areu l=ula o@ 33-38
2-2 i;r fida;dm;a;s wx. fudkjdo? 38-38
2-3 Tn lshkafka fida;dmkak fjkak m,uqj nK wikak ´k lshk tl o@ 38-39
2-4 wdßhldka; Ys,h hkq l=ula o@ 39-39
2-5 fuys m%udohg fya;= jk iqrdfïrfhka je,lSu ke;af;a l=ula ksid o@ 39-40
2-6 nqÿka oyï i.=kaflf¾ .=k oek we;sjk wp, úYajdYh hkqfjka woyia
lrkafka l=ulao? 40-47
2-7 ixfhdack hkqfjka woyia lrkafka l=ula o@ 47-50
2-8 ilaldh osÜáh jYfhka woyia lrkafka l=ula o@ 50-52
2-9 úÉlsÉpd hkqfjka woyia lrkafka l=ula o@ 52-53
2-10 iS,ìn;mrdudi hkqfjka woyia lrkafka l=ula o@ 53-54
2-11 wdh;s ixjr iS,h lshkafka l=ulao? 54-54
2-12 pq,a, fidajdka hkq l=ulao? 55-55
2-13 ksh; iïfndaêhg meñKshd lshkafka l=ula o@ 55-55
2-14 fidajdka fjkak Ndjkdj wjYHo? 55-62
2-15 fidajdka M, ,dNsfhl= w;ska isÿfkdjk jeros fudkjdo? 62-63
2-16 fidajdka m, ,eìfuka uyd krl fm%a;Ndj j, bmoSu iyuq,ska
ke;sù Nj y;lg iSudù wkka; Njj,ska ñfokjd hkafkys woyi
l=ulao? 63-64
2-17 fidajdka m,fhys wdksixi yh fudkjdo? 64-65

3 ilaldh osáGsh ms,sn| ye|skaùula

3-1 ilaldh osáGsh lshk ixl,amfha we;s jeo.;alu álla meyeos,s
lrkjdo? 66-66
3-2 ilaldh osáGsh fláfhka ks¾jpkh lrkjdo? 67-67

4
3-3 ilaldh osáGSh ke;sfjkjd lshkafka fudllao? 67-67
3-4 mxpialkaOh hkq l=ulao? 67-68
3-5 mxpialkaOhla we;sjkafka fldfyduo? 68-70
3-6 mxpWmdodkialkaO jYfhka woyia lrkafka fudkjdo? 70-71
3-7 mxpialkaofha we;s w;S; j¾;udk wkd.; ,Ìk yÿkd.kafka flfiao? 71-72
3-8 mxpialkaOhka ys wNHka;r Ndysr jYfhka fnoSula ;shkjdo? 72-72
3-9 mxpialkaOhkays r¿, ishqï, ySk, m%ks;, ÿr, ,., jYfhka yÿkajkafka
fudkjf.a ,Ìko? 72-72
3-10 mxpialkaO ms,sn| idïm%odhsl ú.%yh;a Tn lshk úia;r lsÍu;a
w;r fjkila ;shkjd fkao? 72-73
3-11 kdu rEm jYfhka woyia lrkafka l=ulao? 73-74
3-12 wd;auh jYfhka woyia lrkafka l=ulao? 74-74
3-13 ú{dkh lshkafka fudllao? 74-75
3-14 fï ú{dkh ;=,ska folg fnod w;aú|sug ie,eiafjk fldgia fol
fudkjdo? 75-75
3-15 t;fldg ilaldh osáGsh ke;s lrkjd lshkafka fï fol ke;s nj
oek .ekSuo? 75-75
3-16 É;a; (Consciousness) ufkda (Mind) ú{k (Sensory
perception) hk jpk ;=fka f;areu yd iïnkaOh l=ulao? 76-77
3-17 uu lshkafk ljqo? 77-78
3-18 ld,h hkq l=ulao? 78-79
3-19 fN!;sl;ajh hkq l=ulao? 79-81
3-20 wjldIh hkq l=ulao? 81-81
3-21 ld,h yd fN!;sl;ajh tlsfklg idfmaÌl idOl kï “uu” yd fï
“f,dalh” w;r iïnkaoh álla úia;r lrkjdo? 81-82
3-22 u;l hkq fudkjdo? 82-84
3-23 u;lh jYfhka mj;sk f,dalh ms,sn| o;a; kej; m%fhdackhg .kafka 84-84
3-24 u;l Ndú;dlr mxpialkaohka w¾: olajk fldg fudlo fjkafka 84-86
3-25 u;lh ke;skï uu ke;sjqfkd;a t;k fudlo fjkafka 86-86
3-26 uu iudkhs f,dalh jYfhka yÿkajkafka wehs? 86-86
3-27 tfyukï f,dalh l=ulao? 87-87
3-28 mD;ck hkafkys w¾;h l=ulao? 87-88
3-29 ix{d fõokd ms,sn| oek.ekSfï jeo.;alu l=ulao? 88-89
3-30 oekSug idfmaÌj wmsg fmak f,dalhg jvd ienE;;ajh fjkiao? 89-89
3-31 mxpialkaoh “uu” “uf.a” jYfhka .ekSu lshkafka l=ulao? 90-90
3-32 mxpialkaOfha wks;H ÿlaL wkd;au oelSu lshkafka l=ulao? 90-90
3-33 oeka fufyu m%Yakhla kef.kjd Tn lsõjd uq,sos mxpialkaOhla uu
uf.a jYfhka .ekSu ilaldh osááh lsh,. wks;a me;af;ka mxpialkaOh
lshkafka kdu rEm lsõjd. rEm lshkafka yv kdu lshkafka uu lsõjd.
wks;a me;af;ka uq,os lshjqkd kdu rEm tlsfklg idfmaÌlhs. lsh,
tfykï oeka fu;k uu ke;snj oek.;a;yu yv ke;afjkafka keoao
fudllao fuys ;;ajh 91-91
3-34 ilaldh osÜáh jYfhka woyia lrkafka l=ula o@ 91-95
3-35 ilaldh osáGsh ke;slsÍu hkqfjka woyia lrkafka l=ulao? 95-106
3-36 ilaldh osáGsh ke;slf,d;a we;sfjk m%fhdackh .ek lshkak? 106-119
úfYaIfhka fï uu flfkla keye lsh, f;areï .ekSu ksid cSú;hu
wjq,la fjhso? 119-120
3-37 ilaldh osáGsh ms,sn| wmg wjfndaO lr.kak wmyiqfj,d ndOd fj,d

5
 ;sfhkafka l=ula ksido? 120-124
3-38 Tn lshk wdldrhg fm!oa.,sl wkkH;djhlska hq;=j Nj .dñj .uka
lrk Yla;s msxvhla ;shkjd lsh, ms,s.;a;yu tal wd;aujdohg
jefgkafka keoao? 120-124

4 iQ;% foaYkd ms,sn| mÍÌk ksÍÌk yd ks.uk úia;r lsÍï

4-1 fidajdka m,h ms,sn| i%;% foaYkd mßÌd lsÍfïoS fidajdka m,h hkak úia;r
flfrk úúO wdldrfha ks¾jpk yuqfjkjd fuhska iuyrla úia;r lsÍï
wfkl yd .,m.kak wmyiqjla ;shkjd fï ksid hï hï wmyeos,s ;eka
u;=fjkjd ta ms,sn| meyeos,s lsÍula lrkak
4-2 fidajdka m,h ms,sn| l:dlsÍfïoS Tn Th úia;r l, f,dalh ms,sn|
,nd.;hq;= oekSu jYfhka woyia lrkafka l=ulao lsh, úia;r lrkjo?
4-3 mqoa.,fhla ;ud fidajdkao lsh, n,d.kak lKakdähla biairyg .syska ;udj
n,, lshkjd jf.a ;udj n,d.kak l%uhla nqÿrcdkka jykafia foaYkdlr,
;shkj fkao?
4-4 fidajdka mqoa.,hdf.a iS,h b;du msßisÿ iS,hla úoshg i%;% foaYkdj,
úia;rfj,d ;sfhkafka ta ms,sn| Tfì woyi l=ulao?
4-5 .syshdg tl wd¾hYaGdx.sl ud¾.hl=;a meúoaodg ;j;a wd¾hYaGdx.sl ud¾.hl=;a
jYfhka wd¾h wYaGdx.sl ud¾. folla i|yka fjkjd fuys w¾;h l=ulao?

5 m%;smodjka iïnkaO úia;r lsÍula

5-1 fidajdka m,h olajd hk m%;smodj .ek hï woyila lshkjdo?
5-2 “i;r O¾u j,ska hqla; ;eke;a;d” “;s%úO ixfhdack Ìh ke;e;a;d” jeá
fkdhk iïfndaêh msysg fldg we; fuys woyi l=ulao?

6 wjdOdkh fhduql, hq;= wksl=;a lrekq

6-1 fuf;la foaIkd ish,a, b,lal jqfka O¾uhg nysk ;ek meyeos,s lrkak ta
.ek kej; ish¨u foaIkd idrdxY lr, woyila ;shkjdo?
6-2 i%;% ,ehsia;=jla
6-3 fidajdka m,h .ek l:dlsÍfïoS u;lfha ;sìh hq;= lrekq lsysmhla

6
 1 msúiqu
1-1 yeoskaùu
fuh iukneoafoa msysá Ndjkd uOHdia:dkhl mej;s foaYkd iuQyhls
m%:ufhka fuu foaYkd ud,dj fmd;la jYfhka ix.%y lsÍfï fya;=j wm úiska m%ldY
l, hq;=hs lsh, woyia lrkjd.yxje,a, iuk neoafo ch;s,l wmamqydñ uy;d
ke;skï yxje,af, Ndjkd uy;auhd m%isoaêhla Wiq,kafka Njkdfjka f,v ikSm lsÍu
iïnkaojhs. tu Ndjkd uOHia:dkhg meñfkk wh w;=ßka ishhg iShlau l=uk
wdldrhl fyda f,vla iqjlr .ekSug tys meñks whhs. Tyq úiska f,v iqj lr
.ekSug Ndjkdj fhdod.kakd wdldrh ms,sn| Wmfoia ksrka;rj fok w;r;=r Tyqf.a
tlu f;audj ù we;af;a mqoa.,fhl= fidajdka m,hg meñkùu olajd wjfndaOh j¾Okh
lrùuhs. Tyq ks;r lshk fohla ;uhs flfkla f,vùu, ÿlg m;aùu, ms%hhkaf.ka
fjkaùu, wms%hhka yd tlaùu wdoS cSú;fha we;sfjk W;a;r fydhkak neßjk
.egqïldÍ udkisl ixlS¾k;d ;uhs ñksid O¾uhg fhduqlrjk ke;skï wk;=re wÕjk
iSkqj lsh, . fï wkqj Tyq lrd tk ish¨u whflf¾ uy;ajQ lrekdfjka Ndjkd
uy;a;hd ksrka;rfhka fok foaYkdud,d fndfydauhla fidajdka m,h uq,alr.;a foaYkd.
tys meñfkk wm lsysm fofklaf.a fhdackdjla mßos fuu foaYkd hïlsis ms,sfj,lg
m%Yakj,g W;a;r fok wlD;shlska fmd;la jYfhka ix.%y lsÍu flf¾ wjOdkh
fhduqjqkd. tys m%;sm,h fï mqxÉ fmd;hs.

fï fmd; ilia lsÍfïoS Ndjkd uOHia:dkhg meñfkk lsysm fofkl=f.a tl;=fjka

ieÿï,;a lñgqjla úiska fuu ld¾hh ndrf.k l, w;r tysoS lsishï jQ wdlD;shla
;=, isg fï fmd; ix.%y lrkak wm W;aidy .;a;d. wms ys;kjd ta ms,sn| hula
m%ldY lf,d;a fï fmd; lshjkakdg th hï;dla ÿrlg m%fhdackj;a fõú lsh, .
m%:ufhka wms “fida; wdmkak fyj;a lkg meñks” hk w¾;h uq,afldgf.k fuh
l:dlrk NdIdfjka ir, jpk ffY,hla fhdoñka m%Yakj,g W;a;r imhk
wdlD;shlska fuh iïmdokh l,d.

ta jf.au fuys m%Yak ix.%y ù ;sfhkafka fn!oaO o¾Ykh;=, f,dalh ms,sn| olajd
we;s lrekq tys m%ldY lrk úuqla;sh yd úuqla;hs g hk ud¾.h hk fÌa;% ;=ku

7
w,a,d. ta fÌa;%hka ish,a, hgf;a fidajdka m,hg mqoa.,hd muqkqjkak m%udkj;a lrekq
mokï lrf.khs fï fmd; ix.%y jqfka. fï wkqj fuys hï;dla ÿrlg od¾Yksl
lrekq;a hïld;a ÿrlg m%dfhda.sl lrekq;a ke;akï m%;smodjkao úia;r fjkjd.

;jo idldÉpdj,oS i%;% foaYkd i%;% mdG o, jYfhka ioyka jqj;a mdGlhkaf.a
m%fhdackh i|yd iïmdoljre úiska ta i%;%j, ksldh,j¾.h,mkakdilh fidh,d tys
fhduqj olajkak W;aidylf,a m¾fhaIkd;aulj fï úIh flf¾ fhduqjk msßig
wdOdrlhla jYfhka.

ñ,.g fmd; lshjf.k hkúg iuyr úg jegfykak mq¨jks tlu foa fkao fï
kej; kej; lsh, ;sfhkafka lsh, . wms l:dlrkafka is; lshk rdcOdksh .ek. wms
uq,ska fïl i;ajhd, f,dalh, mxpialkaO fulS fkdlS úúO ixl,am hgf;a úúO fldak
j,ska n,, l:d lr, ;shkjd. idlÉpdj uq,oS úúO úêhg fno,d l:dlr, ;shkjd.
wms l:dlrkafka tl fohla .ek, l:dlrf.k hkfldg hï flaka¯hlg fhduqfjkjd.
ish¨u ixl,am fhduqfjkafka tl ls%hdoduhla úia;r lrkak. fï ksid fï taldldÍ nj
tys we;s .eTqr úkd tlu foa kej; kej; lSu fkfjhs.
wms ys;kjd fu;kos ;j lshkak Tsk úfYaIu fohla ;shkjd fuysoS wm hï hï
ixl,am úia;r lrkak fhdodf.k we;s jpk ms,sn|j. jpk lshkafka mqoa.,, ¯jH
isoaê wjia:d wdosh ixfla;j;a lrkak fmdÿfõ ms,s.;a yvj, wl=re j, tl;=jla.
t;fldg jpk lshkafka ixfla; . fï f,dalh lshk is;shfï ixfla; ;uhs jpk. fï
jpk ;uhs w¾;h fokafka. fuysoS wm fhdod.;a jpk j,g wms oSmq w¾;hhs ;j
flfkl=f. tu jpkhg oSmq w¾;hhs w;r ishqï fjkialï iuyr úg olskakg
mq¨jka fõú. nqÿrcdkka jykafia u.ks.$úNx. j¾.fha$ wrk úNx. i%;%fha b;du
meyeos,sj lsh, ;shkjd ckmo jyr ;oska fkd.; hq;=hs lsh, . tl tl ;ek tlu
w¾;hg fkdfhla ixfla; fokjd Wodyrk md;%hg ;,sh, ú;a;, irdj,fmdaK msis,.
jpk hkq is;shu úkd rdcOdksh fkfuhs. fï ksid w¾;h .ek i,lñka fuys we;sfoa
f;areï .kak W;aidy lrkak. fuys jpk hï ;eklg f.dvjk mä lsh, ys;kak.
tu ia:dkh fkfuhs. “ukia”,” É;a;”, “ú{dk” ,”mxpialkaO” ,”ld,h”, ”fN!;sl;ajh”,
“kdu rEm”, “ilaldh osáGsh” fïjd Tlafldu is; lshk ud,s.djg k.sk mä. ta mäj,ska
ke., .sys,a, ud,s.djg tì, n,kak. t;fldg fudkjo wms lshkafk lsh, jegfyaú.
wms fuysoS W;aidy lr, ;sfhkafka is; lshk tl is;shulg k., tys we;s fkdfhla
,Ìk jpkj,ska ixfla;j;a lrkak. b;sx ixfla; isf;ys ,Ìk ksrEmkh lrkjd
úkd is; lshk rdcOdksh fkfjhs w¾:hu jgyd.kak W;aidy lrkak.

wksl ;uhs fï ixl,am ish,a, f;areï .kak hï m%dfhda.sl w;aoelSï iuQyhl=;a

wjYHhs. w;aoelSï ,nklï fï ixfla; Tlafldu is;shfï ú;rhs ;sfhkafka. fyd|g
ys;g .kak j;=r lshk jpfk lsfhõjg j;=r ;sny ksfukafk keye. j;=r lshk
wl=re ál ixfla; álla ú;rhs jpk j,g ú;rla rejgfgkak tmd Tfì ;sny
ksfjkafk keye.

fuys hï hï foa l:dlrk úg o¾Ikh, úoHdj, ufkdaúoHdj, iudc úoHdj,

fldïmshqg¾ ;dÌkh jeks flaÌ;%flf¾ úáka úg fhduqjQ ksid wms iuyr jpkj,g
fhdok bx.S%is jpkh jryka we;=f, fokak W;aidy l,d ldf.a;a m%fhdackh i|yd.

fuu idlÉpdj, ;j úfYaI;ajhla ;shkjd wmsg lshkak. ¨kq ry n,kak lsh,

id.rhu tlmdr fndk isß;la keye. ta jf.a is; lshk id.rfhka tl ìkaÿjla wrka
ry n,kak ;uhs wms yo, ;sfhkafka. ta lsõfj fï w;aú|Sï mrmqr ;=, fmr wkka;
Njj, fkdfhla w;aú|Sï j¾;udk fudfyd;g n,mdk whqre oS¾> jYfhka l:dl,

8
yels kuq;a id.rfha j;=r fldfyka .;a;;a tl rihs. fuys tk ish¨u idlÉpd
j¾;udkh lshk fudfydf;a iajNdjh l=ulao hkak t,slrkak W;aidy lr, ;sfhkafka.

ñ,.g wms lshkak Tsks fohla ;shkjd ta ;uhs wfma fï fmdä fmd;a msxp ;=,ska is;
lshk rdcOdksh ms,sn| ixfla;d;aul ú.%yhla lrkak W;aidy lr, ;sfhkafka. fuysoS
fï fmdf;a we;s iSudldÍ nj ms,sn| hula fkdlsõfjd;a th wvqmdvq lsh, ys;kjd.

m,uqju Ndjkd uy;auhd úiska foaYkd lrk,o foaYkd j,g wu;rj wm idlÉpd
lrk u;Dldj iïmQ¾k lrk woyiska wm iïmdol jre úiska o hï hï fldgia fï
fmd;g we;=,;a lr we;s w;r th fldf;la ÿrg Ndjkd uy;a;hd f.a idlÉpd
meyeos,s lsÍï yd iu.dñ jqkdo hkak ;Srkh lshjk Tng Ndrhs

ta jf.au fuys olajd we;s iuyr lrekq m%dfhda.sl w;aoelSï mokï lrf.k úia;r
lr we;s w;r ;u ;udf.a oekSu is; f.dvk.df.k we;s uágug idfmaÌlj thska
.;yels wjfndaOh úúO úh yelshs.

fuys iuyr fhdod we;s fN!;sl Wodyrk wjfndaOh myiqùu i|yd fhdodf.k we;s
jqj;a ta ;=,ska i;Hh ta wdldrfhkau m%ldI fjkafk keye. fï fN!;sl Wodyrk j,
i;Hh iSudlrk idOl rdYshla ;shkjd. fï .ek isf;a ;shdf.k w¾:hka f;areï
.ekSu b;du jeo.;a.

ta jf.au fuys woyia lshjdf.k hoaos ;ud ork woyia oDYAá me;a;l ;sh, wm
lshkak W;aidy l, foa m%:ufhka f;areï .kak n,kak. miqj Tn ork u;h yd
fuys woyi .efgkjd kï lrekd lr ta ms,sn| woyia wmg okaj,d tjkak.

wms jpk fhoSu ms,sn| lsysm úglosu l:dl,d. fuysoS ;j fohla lshkak Tsks jpk
j,ska wmsg Tssks foa yßhg lshkak neye. kso¾Ikhla jYfhka “wixl,amd;aul
iajrEmh” ke;akï Y+kH;djh jf.a woyila úia;r lrkak “wld,sl” ‘wkka;” lshk
jpk fhÿj;a jpk j,ska lrkafk kej; ixl,amkhla. ixl,amkdl, yels ish,a,
idfmaÌlhs. fï iajrEmh úia;r lrkak tu jpk fldf;la ÿrg m%udkj;ao hkak
;Srkh Tng ndrhs.

;j fï idlÉpd ud,dfõ ie,ls,a,g fkd.;a me;a;la ;shkjd. tkï fuysoS fndfydaúg

fï “uu” lshk ixl,amh ;=,ska tkï w;aú|Sï mrmqr ;=, “uu” lsh, flfkla bkakjd
lsh,d ms,s.ekSu ;=,ska wmsg uqyqk mdkag isÿjk .eg¨ ms,sn| l:dl,;a ta ;=, hï
;Dma;shla ;shkjd lsh, flfkl=g m%Yakhla k.kak mq¨jks. kuq;a wmsg b;du meyeos,s
fohla ;shkjd “uu” lshk ;ek ;Dma;shla ;shkjd kï th ;djld,slhs. fï ksid uu
wjfndaOlr.kakd ;ek ta i;=g W;=ï fï ;;ajh ksid wms W;aidy l,d fï “uu” lsh,
ms,s.ekSu ;=, we;s .egqï ldÍ nju W¨mam, fmkajkak.

wm fï úia;r lrñka ysáfha fï fmdf;a ;shk iSudldÍ nj fuysoS ;j jeo.;a fohla

lshkak ;shkjd. wms fï l:dlrkafka tl me;a;lska f,dalh fyj;a w;ú|Sï fÌa;%h
.ek fï w;aú|Sï ,eìh yels fkdfhla wdldr ms,sfj,j,a ixfhdack ;shkjd. fï
w;=ßka tkï wkka;jQ ixfhdackj,ska lsysmhla f.k wms f,dalh fudllao lsh,
f;areï .kak W;aidy .;af;a fï f,dalh ms,sn| f;dr;=re j,ska w,am ud;%hla ú;rhs.

wjidk jYfhka fï fmdf;a idlÉpdj wruqkq fjkafka fldf;kago lsh, fmdävla

n,uq.

9
Tn okakjdo Tn fuf;kag wdfj fldfykao lsh,?
Tn okakjdo fï fldfyao lsh,d?
wksl Tn okakjdo fu;kska fldfyago hkafk lsh,?
wms ljqo? cSú;h l=ulao? wdos m%Yakj,g W;a;r okafka ke;sj fïflka ksoyia
fjkak ys;kak wudrehs. fï ksid ;uhs fï fmd; iïmQ¾kfhkau jf.a fhduqfj,d
;sfhkafka ilaldh osáGsh lshk ixl,amh úia;r lrkak. uu ljqo hkak f;areï
lrkak ;uhs fï fmd;a msxp iïmQ¾kfhka W;aidyf.k ;sfhkafka.
wksl ;uhs wms fu;kos fmkajkak W;aidy lrkafka fï cSú; .ufkaoS wfma .eg¨
j,g uqyqk fok wdldrh;a ta lshkafka wms ys;uq fldaÉÑfha .ukla hkjd kï wms
.ukg wjYH nvq iu. fldaÉÑhg ke.a.g miafia ta nvq odmq nvqu¨ fmáÜ kej;
T¨fj ;shdf.k hkafk keye ìñka ;shkjd. ta jf.a cSú; .ufkaoS fï mrk nvq u¨
T¨fõ ;shdf.k cSú;h tlu m%Yakhla lr.kakjd. fu;k fï ;;ajfhka m%fhda.slj
ñfok yeá ms,sn|j hï woyila fokak;a ñka W;aidy f.k ;shkjd.
wksl ;j;a me;a;la fu;k ;shkjd. wmsg m%Yakkï yeuodu ;shkjd. m%Yakh f,vla
kï biamsß;d, ;shkjd. m%Yakh wd¾:sl kï nexl= uQ,H wdh;k ;shkjd. kuq;a fï
cSú; m%Yak ál wrf.k O¾uh ,.g hkak lsõjyu ys;kak tmd biamsß;df,ka
nexl=fjka fok W;a;r O¾ufhka fokjd lsh,d. tys ;sfhkafka m%Yakh f;areï hdu
wjidkfha m%Yakhla ke;s nj f;areï hdu.

ó,.g fuu fmdf;ka wruqkq jQ ;j;a fohla ;uhs nqÿoyug nysk ;ek fyj;a
fidajdka M,h lshk ;;ajhg m;afjkak wjYH lrekq ldrkd yÿkd.kak o, wdlD;shla
imhk tl.
fyd|hs wfma fï fmd;ska iïmQ¾k W;aidyh .;af;a Ndjkd uy;auhd ks;r fofjf,a
wmsg u;la lrk Wkkaÿ lrjk woyi jk “biafi,a,d fidajdka fj,d bkak Tsks “
lshk tl meyeos,s lrkakhs. fuysoS fï ;=, we;s ú.%yhka fndfydaÿrg i%;% msglfha
we;s lrekq mokï lrf.k úia;r lsÍug W;aidy f.k we;s w;r wms kej;
u;lal, hq;= fohla ;shkjd. fï fmdf;ka úia;r lrkak W;aidy lr, ;sfhkafka fï
f,dal ms,sn| wms wjfndaO lrf.k we;s foa yd wms ork woyihs. Tn th yd tl.
ke;akï thg fya;=j wehs lsh, lshkak wmsg th W.kajkak wfma tlu W;aidyh
flfia fyda fï f,dalfhka bj;aùuhs. fuh wfma tlu b,a,Suhs. wksl ;uhs wms
ld.dj;a úúO foa uksk fldaÿ, udk, oDYAá,ixl,am ;shkjd oeka wms lshk udkj,ska
f,dalh uekakyu ;shk os., m,,, Wi ,Ìk ;uhs Th lsõfj. kuq;a Thf.d,a,kaf.
fldaÿfjka uekakyu fjkia lï we;s wfma fldaÿj jeroskï wmsg fmkaj,d fokak.
Thf.d,a,kaf.a fldaÿj iuyr úg jeros fjkak mq¨jka tfykï Th fldaÿj ke;akï
oDYAá ixl,am fjkia lr .ksuq.

ia;=;sh

iïmdol uKav,h
ik;a iurkdhl
rxcs;a wfìfialr
wrúkao oikdhl

10
1-2 fidajdka ud¾. yd m, .ek l:dl, hq;af;a oek .; hq;af;a ukao?
wms fudkjd lrkak .sh;a
lrkak yok jefä fudllao lsh, oekf.k lrk tl b;du jeo.;a fohla
wms l:dlrkak hkafk fidajdka ud¾.h fidajdka m,h .ek
fï fudlla .eko l:dlrkafk
fn!oaO o¾Ykh ;=, ú.%y lrk i;ajhdf.a úuqla;s ud¾.hg nisk ;ek .ek ;uhs
fï úia;r lrkak W;aidy lrkafk
tod isg wo olajd o¾YkjdoSka fkdfhla o¾Yk úoHdjka bosßm;alr, ;shkj
fï ljqre;a l:dlr, ;sfhkafka f,dalh .ek
yg.;a foaj,a .ek
tfyu ke;akï ixl; O¾u .ek
kuq;a fï o¾YkjdoSka w;ßka tlu o¾Ykjdoshd nqÿrcdkka jykafia ;uhs lsõfj
hï yg.;a fohla we;akï th úkdYjk iq¨hs fjkiajk iq¨hs lsh,d
fï úkdYh fyda fjki lrk ljqre;a keye
fya;=m, jYfhka we;s O¾u mrïmrdjla fïl
ta ksid fïl ÿlhs fï ÿl we;sfjkak fya;=jla ;shkjd
ta fya;= ke;slrk ud¾.fha .sys,a, th ke;sl,du
wmsg fï ÿflka ksoyia fjkak mq¨jka lsh, b;du meyeos,shs
ldgj;a wdhsu;a ysia;eka mqrjkak bvke;s tkï lghq;= ish,a, lshfj,d ;shk Tsku
ld,hlg fmdÿ oyula fïl
fï oyu wms wks;a o¾Ykj,g by,ska tys we;s .=k oek meyeÿkdkï
oeka tys lsh,d ;shk úuqla;s ud¾.fha hkak Tsk wjidk m%;sm,h ,.dlr.kak
oeka fï úuqla;s ud¾.h jYfhka fn!oaO m%;smodj f;dard .kak l,amkd flrej ksid
;uhs fï Tlafldu fydhkafk
oeka n,kak fïl ud¾.hla
ys;kak wms .ukla hkak ,eyeia;s lsh,d
.uk hkak biair fldfyo hkafk Tsl fldfyo ;sfhkafk? wms bkak ;ek b|ka
fld;kskao yefrkafk? mdfr ;;afj fldfyduo?hk jdyfka ;;afj fldfyduo? ÿr
fldÉpr ú;r ;shkjo? Tsjf.a foaj,a n,k w;fr
n,kj u. i,l=kq ta ta ;ekos we;s u. ,l=kq ys;g .kakj

11
hk .uk oeka yßhg ta mdfro hkafk lsh, wms oeka ;rula oekf.k bkafk
kuq;a oeka wmsg fj,d ;sfhkafk ixidrh lshk uyd le,Efj w;rux fj,d
fï fjklï lr, ;sfhkafk Tfya le,ej jfág lerflfjk tl ñila
fï ixidrh keu;s lef,ka t,shg tkak mdrla ys;, keye
tfykï wms fï ixidrh lshk le,Efj w;r ux fj,d bkafk
wms biafi,a,du lrkak Tsks fï uyd >k jkdka;rfha iajNdjh oekf.k yßhgu
fkdjrojdu fï lef,ka t,shg f.kshk mdrg tk tl
ta mdr mgka.kak ;ekg ;uhs lshkafka fidajdka M,h lsh,
wms fï lef,ka t,shg tkakkï
biafi,a,du fï lef,ag jeá, fldÉpryß jfág lerls lerls bkak fya;=j
fydhd.;a;kï fudllao yß mdrg hk ud¾.h lsh, kslïu fydhd.kak mq¨jks
fï ;uhs oyu fydhkak, ksjeros oDIaáh we;slr.kak mgka .kak ;ek
wmsg wykak olskak ,efnk uQ,slu foa fudllao?
“yg.;a fohla we;akï th úkdYhg meñfka”
wks;a me;af;ka wms fï O¾u yg.ekSug fya;= olskj
“ish¨ O¾u;dfjda uki fmrgq fldg we;a;dy”
oeka wmsg oekSula we;sfjkjd
fï yg.;a ish,a, ke;sfjk iq¨hs lshk
is; ;uhs fïjd lrkafka yg.ekSï j,g fya;=fjkafka
tfykï oeka wmsg f;afrkjd fï ixidrh keu;s le,Efj w;ruxfj,d ;sfhkafka fï
isf;a we;s úYu ls%hdldÍ;ajh ksid lsh,
wms yß mdrg tkak kï fï is; oekg wmsj f.kshk ud¾.fhka fjk;a ud¾.hlg
oukak TSks
tkï isf;ys hï hï fjkialï lrkfldg lef,a Tfya jfá lerflk tflka t,shg
mek, yßhgu lef,ka t,shg mksk ksh; taldhk ud¾.hg jefgkjd
Bg miafi wdmyq fï w;=re ud¾.j,g jeá,d wdhs;a lef,a jfá lerflfjkafka kï
keye,
Tkak Th mdr mgka.kak ikaêia:dkhg ;uhs fidajdka m,h lsh, lshkafka
fï ikaêia:dkhg tkak, fï le,Ej .ek, tkï ixidrh .ek fyd| oekSula ,nd.kak
Tsks
fï ixidrhg ne|s, bkafk ljqo? “i;ajhd” lshk flkd
tfykï biafi,a,du i;ajhd .ek fydhkak mgka .kak
fï .ek oek .;a;yu fyd|g u;l ;shd.kak hdhq;= ud¾.h kslïu meyeos,s fõú
oeka wms f;dardf.k ;shkjd fï f,dalh, i;ajhd .ek lshfj,d ;shk ksjeros o¾Ykh
nqÿ oyuhs lsh,
tys m%;smodfjys .sfhd;a wmsg úuqla;sh ,efnkjd lshk wp, úYajdih we;sfj,d
;shkj
wms tfyukï fï lrkak yokafk fï ud¾.hg nyskak yok tl
fï nysk ;ek b;du fkd.eTqrehs,myiqhs lsh, nqÿrcdkka jykafia lsõjd
fu;k ;uhs tfykï fï l:d lrkak yok fidajdka ud¾.h yd m,h

1-3 úoHdj,
úoHdj o¾Ykh fidndoyu yd nqÿoyu ms,sn| ixikaokd;aul ú.%hla
lrkjo?
lrkjo
f,dalfha iajNdjh fkdfhla wh fkdfhla wdldrhg ú.%y lrkak yo, ;shkj
Tjqka, cSú;h hkq l=ula o@ Wmam;a;sh" urKh l=ula o@ f,dalh hkq l=ula o@ fï
jdfha uq," wjidkh l=ula o@ hkak ú.%y lrkak yo, ;shkj
wd.ï" o¾Yk" úoHdjka ìysjQfha fïjd ú.%y lrkak
f,dalh bkaøsh f.dapr ksid úia;r lrkak f,fyishs

12
úoHdj fkdfhla id¾:l ú.%lsÍï lr, ;shkj f,dalh .ek,
wd.ï yd o¾Yk fï bkaøshf.dapr;ajfhka Tìng we;s Wm;g fmr urkfhka miq
f,dalh;a ú.%ylrkak W;aidylr, ;shkj
fuysoS úoHdj fN!;sl Wmlrk wdY%fhkao
wd.ï o¾Yk ;¾lkfhka iy is; oshqKq lsÍfukao fï ú.%yhka lrkak yo, ;shkj
ú»j ish m¾fhaIk ;=,ska f,dalfha ¯jH kdkd;ajh ^úúO;ajh& tys ixfhda.",Ìk"
iudk;d, wiudk;d" fidhñka hkjd
kuq;a nqÿrcdkka jykafia fï fN!;sl f,dalhu ms,sn| lsõfõ kj wdldrfha úia;r
lsÍula"
tkï ´jdfha uq, w. fidhk tl ksr¾;lhs
fïjdfha wiudk;d iudk;d fydh fydhd hk tl jevla keye
fï fN!;sl f,dalh ;=, m%Odku ,Ìk ;=kla olskak mq¨jka
ta ;uhs wks;H' - ta lshkafk lsisu fohla tlu úoshg fjkia fkdù fudfyd;la j;a
mj;skafka keye tal wmg ´k jqk;a ke;sjqk;a tlu wdldrfha fjkiaùulg Ndckh
fjñka ;sfhkafka
fï ;;ajhg lrkafkla lrjkafkla ú|skafkla keye fuys ;sfhkafk fya;=M,
iïnkaOhla
ta ksid wkd;auhs' tfyukï fïl ÿlla"
fï ;uhs ljqre fld;rï mÍÌk l,;a t,ôh yels wjidk ks.ukh
ú»jg;a tkak mq¨jka wjidku ;ek T;k
i;ajhdf.a iy f,dalfha iajNdjh ´lkï wmf.a cSú;fha mrud¾:h l=ulao lshk tl
b;d meyeos,shs
fN!;sl O¾u ish,a,u ;sfhkafka ú{dkfha ke;skï isf;a"
fN!;sl O¾u ms,sn|j rih' wjfndaOh" ú|Su iajNdjh" fya;=j ;sfhkafka isf;a"
fï ksid fN!;sl O¾u fydh fydhd bkakjdg jvd is; .eku fydhk tl ják nj
nqÿrcdkka jykafia lsõjd
ta jf.au nqÿrcdkka jykafia b;du meyeos,sj lsõj ienE f,dalh yd bkaøhf.daprjk
f,dalh w;r úYd, fjkila we;snj
f,dalfha we;s ish,a,u fï mD;.ack is;g fyda f,dalh oek.kak iajhxls%h
Wmlrkhg yßhg fkdoefkk nj Wka jykafia foaYkd l,d
tkï
Yìo".kao"ri"iam¾Y"j¾k ish,a,u wmg fkdfmfkk nj, fkdoefkk nj meyeos,s l,d
fï f,dalh jegfykafka wmg ;shk bka¯shkaf.a ixfõoS mrdihg wkqj úIh jk
wdldrhghs
wm f,dalh lsh, yÿkd.k ;sfhkafka fï bka¯hka myg ^lk,kdih,osj,wei,YÍrh&
oekqkq foa
tfykï fï b¯shka my ksjeros f;dr;=re ÿkafka ke;skï wmg jegys,d ;sfhkafka
kshu f,dalh fkdfjkak mq¨jks
fï ksid,
oekg bkaøf.dapr;ajh ;=,"f,dal meje;aug yd wjfndaOhg ñksid idodf.k we;s
iïuq;s rdYshla jeros njo wm hkafka jroaof.k nj"
f,dalh ms,sn| ks.uk .kafka jroaof.k hkak nqÿrcdkka jykafia meyeos,sju
oelajQjd
f,dalh lshkafka tlu udkisl ms,s.ekSï rdYshla'
ta ms,s.ekSï,
fï bkaøhf.dapr;ajfha we;s ÿ¾j,;d ksid fndfyda jeros nj Wka jykafia lsõjd
kùk úµj m%;HÌh Wvu f.dv ke.Su;a
w;skaøSh O¾uhka .ek lrekq olajk od¾Ykslhka
wkqñ;sh yd is; oshqKqlr m%;HÌ lsÍu;a ksid

13
úµj ;=,ska m%;HlaI lrkjdg jvd fuys ishqï njla ;shkj fï w;aoelSu b;du
fm!oa.,sl fjkj f,djg fy,slrkak wmyiqfjkj fN!;sl iajrEmfhka fmkaúh
fkdyels fjkj kuq;a fuys tl iudk;djla ;shkj"
f,dj ;;= fy,s lrkak ;uhs fof.d,af,du W;aidy .kafk
fN!;sl Wmlrkj,g yiqlr.ekSug b;du wmyiq"
Wm;g fmr urkhg miq f,dalh
idukH bkaøhf.dapr;ajfhka tmsgg ^wkska¯sh& is; oshqKq lr f,dal ú.% bosßm;a
lrkak úúO Ydia;Djre fm,ô,d ;shkjd
t;fldg fï idudkH is;lg f.dapr fkdjk f,dal ú.%yj,oS"
ta ta Ydia;Dkaf.a ú.%hka olajk ,oafoa fndfyda ÿrg Wm;" urKh hk foflka wjika
fkdjk lsishï fyda ’fm!oa
fm!oa.,sl jQ wkkH;djhla we;s Yla;shla ¶
ke;skï" wd;auhla we;snj;a'
fï wd;auh hkafkys iAjNdjh iodld,sl o keoao hkak .ek;a Tjqka úúO u; woyia
m%ldY l,d
fï ’fm!oa
fm!oa.,sl jQ wkkH;djhla we;s Yla;sh ¶ we;slf,a ljqo@
we;sfjkafka fldfydu o@ lsh, Tjqka úúO u; m%ldY l,d'
fï ’fm!oa
fm!oa.,sl jQ wkkH;djhla we;s Yla;sh ¶ ke;s lrkak mq¨jkao@ neßo@ hkak
fkdfhla woyia m%ldY l,d
fï wd;auh iodld,sl iqjhg$iem;g ,xlrkafka fldfyduo lsh, lsjqjd
tajdg hk m%;smodj,a lsõjd
fïjdf.a iuyr foaj, j.lsu foúhkag mejrejd
iajNdj O¾uhg mejrejd
m%;smodjka wkq.ukhg Y%oaOdj" m%«j" Nla;sh uq,a lrf.k ta ta wd.ï o¾Yk ta ta
b,lalhka tkï úuqla;shg hk ud¾. lsõjd
fï w;r fn!oaO o¾Ykfha f,dal ú.%yhg ,efnkafka m%uqL ia:dkhla'
m%Odk jYfhka ú»j fyda wfkl=;a wd.ï yd o¾Yk fuka tys Wml,amk ;=, isg
i;Hh ú.%y lr keye th mru i;H hhs Wml,amk keye
f,dalfha úYu;djhka fyda iudk;djhka fidhñka f,dal i;H fidhkakg W;aidylr
keye'
fï f,dalOd;=fõu we;s iudk;d yd ls%hdoduhka ir,j f;areï lr oS, ;shkjd
tkï wks;Hhs H ' ÿlaLhs' wdkd;auhs' ud ;=, ú|skafkla fyda ú|jkafkla j;a fiiq f,dalh
;=, lrkafkla j;a lrjkafkla j;a' wd;au" Y=oaO wd;auhla hl j;a fuys keye
fuu f,dalh tlu is;sú,s j,ska ksujQ f,djla'
is;sú,s j,ska ks¾udkh lrk f,dalh É;a; iuQyfhau ks¾udkhla
fï ;uhs úoHdj o¾Ykh fidndoyu yd nqÿoyu .ek ixikaokd;aulj l:dlrk úg
b;du o, jYfhka wmg fmfkk foa

1-4 fn!oaO o¾Ykh “wkd;a

wkd;au jdohla” hkqfjka woyia lrkafka l=ulao?
fïl f;areï .kak l,ska
fukak fï miqìu wjfndaO lr.;af;d;a fyd|hs lsh, ug ysf;kj
uu l,skq;a lsõj jf.a .sksl+r ;shkj .sksfmáÜh ;shkj
fï fol uqk.eyqkyu .skaor m,h jYfhka yg .kakjd
.skaor yeÿfj .sksfmáÜh ú;rla fkfuhs .sksl+r ú;rla fkfuhs fï fofla
uqk.eySfï m%;sM,hhs
fïl .sksl+r yd .sksfmáÜfhka fjkajQ w¨;a ;;ajhla ke;skï meje;aula, fuh hï
isÿùul M,hla
ta jf.a wruqkq ;shkj b¯shka ;shkj fï fol tlsfklg uqk.eiqkyu
ú{dkhla yg .kakjd
fï ú{kh wruqfka ;snqfk;a keye

14
b¯hka ;=, ;snqfk;a keye
fï fol tlsfklg uqk.eySfï m%;sm,hla, w¨;ska we;sjqkq ;;ajhla,Yla;shla lshkak;a
mq¨jka
fïl fjk ljqre;a foúflfkla fyda n%yaufhla me;a;l bo, flfrõfj;a keye
bfì jqk fohl=;a fkfjhs fïl fya;=jla ksid yg.;a m,hla
fuys úfYaIhla ;shkjd,fï uqk .eySu kdu rEm uqk.eySula, .eáula
fuys fkdfmfkk fkdjegfyk fldgila ;shkjd ta ;uhs bka¯shka yd wruqkq .eáu
;=, kej; kdu O¾u yg.ekSu
tal ;uhs fï i;ajhdf.a iir .ufkys fya;=j
fï kduO¾u fkdfmfkk ksid i;ajhdf.a ixidßl meje;au fmfkkafka keye, wjfndaO
fjkafk keye. fï ksid flfkl=g ys;kak mq¨jks lsishï fkdfmfkk n,fõ.hla fï
i;ajhd lshk O¾u;djh ;=, ls%hd;aul fjkjd tfyuke;akï i;ajhd fufyh jkjd
md,kh lrkjd lsh,d, ta ;uhs fï O¾u;djfha we;s .eTqre nj ke;skï
wjfndaOlr.; fkdyels ;ek
fï ksid fuu wmyeos,s ;;ajh foúflfkla ke;skï n%yauhd lrk jevla ;uhs fï
ls%hdj,sh lsh, fndfyda Ydia;Djre od¾Ikslhka ú.%y l,d.
fu;kos lshkjd Y=oaO wd;auhla wmsj md,kh lrkjd lsh,d.
wkak t;k ;uhs wd;au jdohg jefgkafk
fu;k fya;=m, jdoh f;areï .kak wmyiq ksid th fkdfmfkk ksid lsishï jQ
fkdfmfkk n,fõ.hla fï ish,a, md,kh lrkjd fufyh jkjd hkak f,dalfha
mj;sk oDIAáka w;r jeo.;a ;ekla .kakd oDIaáhla
fn!oaO o¾Ykh wkd;au jdohla hkqfjka úia;r lrkak W;aidy lrkúg
wms lrekq f;areï .kak ;j álla biairyg .sfhd;a
wms uq,os l;dlrñka ysáfh bka¯shka wruqkq yd .egqkyu ú{dkhla yg.kakjd
lsh,fk
ú{kh ksid we;sfjkafka l=ulao?
fya;=m, jYfhka kdu rEm.
ú{dkhla ;snqfkd;a tal .syska tys we;s ffp;islhkag idfmaÌj Njhla w,a,
.kakjd
ta ú{dkh ;=, ;shk ffp;islhkag idfmaÌj
kdu rEm we;slr.kakjd
fu;kos u;l ;shd.kak ljqre;a Y=oaO wd;auhla fkdfjhs
fya;= m, jYfhka ú{dkfha ;snqk ffp;isl Yla;sh ;uhs
kdu rEm we;slf,a
oeka ú{dkhla ksid kdu rEm f.dvla yeÿfkd;a fudlo fjkafk?
th fya;=fjkjd weia lka kdia osj lh uk j¾Okh fjkak
fuysoS;a fï ;;ajh we;s lrkafkla lrjkafkla keye
fya;=m, jYfhka ;uhs fuh isoaO jkafka
fuys lsisu wd;au lsh, fldgila keye
tfyu ke;akï fï mxpialkaoh keu;s ls%hdj,sh lrkafkla fyda lrjkafkla fufyh
jkafkla fï ;=, keye
fuh iyuq,skau fya;=m, iïnkaohla u;u mukla re|s;shk ls%hdj,shla
fu;kos uu uq¨ máÉp iuqmamdfou úia;r lrkak hkafk keye
kuq;a tys lshfjk i;ajhdf.a we;sùu meje;au ;kslru fya;=m,hs lsh, f;areï .kak
n,kak
kso¾Ykhla jYfhka weghla me,l,du wxl=rh,me,h,.i tys u, ,M, jYfhka
l%ufhka jefvk wdldrh ;uhs fï O¾u;djfha iajNdjh tkï fuh fya;=m, jYfhka
fjkiafjñka hk O¾u;djhla
fï bka¯hka yh we;sùu meje;au ke;sùu
tfyu ke;akï i;ajhdf.a mxpialkaofha we;sùu meje;au ke;sùu,

15
ljqre;a lrkafkla lrjkafkla keye
tal fya;=m, jYfhka isÿjkafk
Th lshk Y=oaO wd;auhla tys ke;snj tod nqÿrcdkka jykafia foaYkd l,d.
ta ldf,a ;snqkq o¾Yk rdYshla
fï f,dj;;= ú.%ylrkak nerej
fï f,dj ;;ajh yßhg fkdoel
jeros ks.ukj,g neye,
tal foúflfkla fyda n%yaufhlau lrk fufyh ùula ke;skï md,kh lsÍula lsh,
lsõjd
kuq;a nqÿ oyu wd;aujdoSkag W;a;r fokafk
T;k Th lshk wd;auhla fyda fufyh jkafkla md,kh lrkafkla keye
ta ksid tu ls%hdj,sh wkd;aujhs isÿjkafka
th isÿjkafka fya;=m, jYfhka lsh, b;du meyeos,sj nqÿrcdkka jykafia lsõjd.
nqÿoyu wkd;aujdoS lshkjdg jvd fya;=m, jdoS lshk tl ;uhs yß.
;j ;ekla ;shkjd fï wd;aujdohg megf,k
fïl ;uhs Nj.dñj hk fjkia fkdjk ,ia:sr ^wúkYajr& mod¾;hla wd;auh jYfhka
ie,lSu.
ta lshkafka iïuq;s urkfhaoS fN!;sl lfhka kdu O¾u fjkajqkdu
ta kduO¾u j, ;shk fjkia fkdjk mod¾;hla Njh mqrd .uka lrkjd,
tal ;uhs fï wd;auh.
th ;uhs ljod fyda foaj;ajhg fyda n%yau;ajhg m;al, hq;af;a.
wms nqÿoyfuos;a fï Nj.dñj .ukalrk fohla .ek l:dlrkjfk
kuq;a Th lshk fjkia fkdjk mod¾;hla .ek fkdfjhs nqÿoyfuos l:dlrkafk
nqÿoyfïoS úia;r lrkafka tla Njhl wjidkhg we;sjqk ú{kh ñ,. Njh
w,a,.kak ;ek.
fu;kos fudllao fjkafk
wjidk ú{dkh;a iu. ;shk mxpWmdodkialkaOh fyj;a fï ixialdr fmdoshu
wNskj Njh w,a, .kak ú{dkh Njdx.h lr .;a;g miafi ta Ndjdx.h yd
Wmdodkh ù mj;skjd.
wms fu;kos l:dlrkafk;a Nj.dñj .ukalrk Yla;s msxvhla .ek
kuq;a fu;k l;dlrkafk fjkia fkdjk mod¾;hla .ek fkfjhs
fu;k ;sfhkafk fufyu iïnkaohla
wms ys;uq ihsuka lsh, mQoa.,fhla ysáh
thd uefrk fudfydf; we;sjqk pq;s is; ke;akï wjidk ú{dkh ;uhs
ñ,. Njh w,a,kafk
t;fldg wms lshuq ta ú{dkh ksid lfrda,sia we;sjqkd lsh,
fu;kos ljqreyß lsõfjd;a biafi,a, ihsukau ;uhs fï lfrda,sia lsh,,
fukak wd;aujdohg jefgk ;ek
we;a;gu t;k bkafk ihsukao keye
t;k ;sfhkafk ihsukag wjidk jYfhka we;sjqk ú{dkh ú;rhs
n,kak ys;uq ihsuka hula oelal lsh,
wms ta oelal tlg lshkafk ihsuka lsh,o? keye
wms lshkj ihsukag we;sjqk plaLq ú{dkhla lsh,
fukak fï ú{dkh ú;rhs wks;a Njh w,a, .kak fya;= jqfka
fu;kos ;uhs nqÿyduqÿrefjd lsõfj
Tyqo wdfj……keye Tyq fkdfjhs
Tyq fkdfõo wdfj…… keye Tyq fkdjkafkla fkdfõ
fï lshkafka fudllao ihsuka fkdfjhs wdfõ
kuq;a ihsukaf.a Woõj;a fï lfrda,sia yefokak fya;=jqkd lsh,d fkao
u;l ;shd.kak fï ihsukaf. wjidk ú{dkh lfrda,sia yokak Woõjqk tl

16
fya;=jla ú;rhs
ta jf.au fï ú{dkh fya;=m, jYfhka fjkia fj,d ;uhs
fï lfrda,sia ;;ajhg m;ajqfka
ta ksid fu;k fjkia fkdù mj;sk mod¾;hla Nj.dñ jkafk keye
ta jf.au fï Nj.dñj hk fudkjdyß ;shkjd
tal fkdfjkiajk mod¾;hla lsõfjd;a
uq¨ nqÿ oyuu jeros f,i ú.%ylsÍula
fudlo i;ajhd f.a meje;au jeros f,i w¾; oelaùula
fï Nj.dñj hk ú{dkh fmrgqfldg.;a mxpWmdodkialkaOh lshkafk
Yla;s úfYaIhlg
fïl wmsg úIhfjkafk keye
fu;k ld,h wjldYh lshk idfmaÌ idOl ou,
fïl mod¾;hla lsh, fydhkak neye
fïj Yla;s
wfma bka¯hkag úIh fjkafk keye
wms ne¨fjd;a wfma b¯hkag idfmaÌj fu;k Nj.dñj .uka lrk lsisjla keye.
fudlo wfma bka¯hkag jegfykafk ld,h yd wjldIhg idfmaÌ foaj,a ú;rhs
ta ksid fï Nj.dñj .ukalrk mxpWmdodkialkaoh ms,s.;af;d;a
th wd;au jdohg jefgkjd lsh,d nhfjkak tmd
nqÿoyfï wd;aujdoh úfõpkh lrñka l:dlrk ;;ajh
Th lshk Nj.dñj hk ú{dkh fmrgqfldg.;a mxpWmdodkialkaOh meyeos,s lrkak
fkdfjhs W;aidy lr, ;sfhkafk
uu uq,ska l:dl, máÉpiuqmamkak;dj ;uhs
wd;au jdohg tfrysj wdfj
wks;a me;af;ka u;l ;shd.kak fm!oa.,sl wkkakH;djhlska hq;=j
Nj.dñj .uka .kakd mxpWmdodkialkaoh ke; lsh, ys;,
th ñ;H u;hla lsh, whska lf,d;a wmg fukak fï m%Yak j,g uQkfokak neßfjk
tl
1 fndaêi;aj mdrñ;d Yla;sh fldfyduo nqoaO;ajh ,nkak n,mdkjo?
2 mQ¾fõ ksjdidkqiauD;s {dkh ms,s.kak neßo?
3 tlu i;ajfhla iifrys ießieÍu fndreo?
4 l¾ujdoh ksYam,jdohlao?
5 fmrNj mqreÿ jdikd fndreo?
6 fu;k ksjka olskafk ljqo?
ksjk lshk ixl,amh;a w¾; Y+kH fjkj.

1-5 fidajdka fjkjd hkqfjka woyia lrkafka l=ulao? th wjYHo?

wjYHo
fïlg uu b;du meyeos,s f,ais tlla u;la lrkakï nqÿrcdkka jykafia lshmq
fudllao?
hfula fï b¯hka yh we;sùu meje;au ksiairkh fya ukdfldg okSo fya fidajdka.
oekafï bka¯hka yh lshkafk fudllao? fudfydlgo? i;ajhdg
fudkjdo fï i;ajhd ;=, ;sfhkafk? bka¯hka yh
ta lshkafk wei, lk, kdih, osj, lh, uk
tfykï fï i;ajhd ;=, fï b¯sh we;sfjkafk fldfyduo?
tajd mj;skafk fldfyduo?
tajdfha ksiairkh fudk úosho lsh, oekSu ;uhs fidajdka lshkafk
u;l ;shd.kak oelSu tfyu fkfuhs, oekSu mukhs
ta wdldrh g hfula i;ajhd ms,sn| okSo fya fidajdka

17
wksla me;af;ka “fida; wdmkak” lshkafk lkg meñks jf.a woyila fokak mq¨jks
fï fudllao lkg mkskafk tfyu ke;akï wykak ,efnkafka? ta ;ud oyu ke;skï
i;ajhd ms,sn| f;dr;=re wykak ,eìu
t;fldg i;ajhd lshkafk ldgo? fï b¯hka yfhka hq;= w;aú|skakdg
t;fldg oyu lshkafk l=ulao? bka¯hka yh we;sùu meje;au ksiairkh
ta lshkafk uq¨ nqÿoyuu l:dlrkafka fudkjd .eko? fï i;ajhdf.a we;sùu, meje;au,
ke;sùu
fjk;a úoshlska lshkjkï fï fudkjdo?
mxpialkao
mxpWmdokialkao
máÉpiuqmamdoh
;s%,Ìkh
p;=rd¾H i;Hh
fï fudkjdo? i;ajhd.ek úia;r lrk ix,lam
tfykï ta fudkjdo? oyu
t;fldg fï wei lk kdia osj lh uk lshk b¯hka yfhys bmeoSu meje;au
ksiairkh hfula ukdfldg oek.kakjd kï ta lkg “wdmkak” fjkafk oyu
fkfjhso? fya fidajdka fkdù b|So?
oeka uu lsõjfka fï mxpialkaO úNd.h mxpWmdodkialkaO úNd.h, máÉpiuqmamdoh,
;s%,Ìkh, p;=rd¾H i;Hh, fïjd ukdfldg okSo fya fidajdka lsh,
fjk;a úêhlska fï i;ajhd ms,sn| fya okSo fya fidajdka lsh,
fufyu lsõjyu ys;hs fï ixl,am ish,a,u ukdfldg oek.kak Tskfk
fï jefä lrkak lsh,
fï oyu lshk tl fnod fjkalr lr ixl,am bf.k f.k lrk jevla fkfuhs
n,kak mxpialkaOfha tl ,Ìkhla jk rEm .kak
fï rEm
rEm Wmdodk ialkaoh fjk yeá
máÉp iuqmamkakj tu rEm we;sjk yeá
tys we;s wks;H, ÿlaL, wkd;au iajNdjh
tys we;s p;=rd¾H i;Hh
fï tl ,Ìkhla .;a;yu l;dlrkak mq¨jka
fï oyu lshkafk tlla, tajd tlsfklg neos, ;sfhkafka
fï Tlafldu ixl,am j,ska l:dlrkafk i;ajhd .ek
ta lshkafk fï fld;kska yß neye, i;ajhd .ek fydhkak mgka .;af;d;a
thdg oyu uqk.efykj
oyu fjkalr, l;d lr, ;sfhkafk myiqjg
fï Tlafldu ixl,am tl fohla .ek l:dlrkafk
kuq;a ta ta uQ,sljk lrek úfYaI lr,
Th uu lsõfj tl me;a;la
nqÿrcdkka jykafia ;j me;a;lska fidajdka m, lshkafk fudlalo lshk tl w¾;j;a
lr, ;shkjd
n,kak hfula nqÿka oyï i.=ka flf¾ wp, úYajdih we;so, wßh ldka; YS,fha
msysghso Tyq fidajdka lsh,
fïysos;a n,kak biafi,a,du nqÿka oyï i.=ka flf¾ thdf.a wp, úYajdih
f.dvkef.kak fudlla yskaoo lsh,
fï i;ajhd ms,sn| oyu, fï b¯hka yh we;sùu meje;au ke;sùu ukd fldg oek
.kakjd kshu oyu lkg jefgkj
oeka oyu flf¾ wp, úYajdih we;sfjkjd
fukak fïl ;uhs f,dal O¾u;djh lsh, jegfykjd

18
oeka fudlo fjkafk? fu;rï jQ jákd oyula foiQ nqÿrcdkka jykafia .ek wp,
úYajdih la we;s fkdù ;sfhhso?
wksla me;af;ka fï oyï uf.ys neye, ta m%;smodjka rlsk wIaG wd¾h mqoa.,hka
ke;akï ix>hd jykafia,d .ek fudk;rï wp, úYajdihla f.dvkef.hso? fudlo
wmsg oyu m%dfhda.slj fmkak, Tmamq lrkak bkafk fï msßi
ñ,.g i;ajhd ms,sn|j fï we;slr.;a oekSu ksid we;s jQ fï wp, úYajdih Tyq
YS,fha msysgjkak, wd¾hhka leu;s YS,h, fï ix>hd jykafia,d wmg Tmamq lr,
fmkajk fï YS,h rlskak W;aidy fkd.kSo?
tfykï fudk me;af;ka fudkúêhlg l:d lr;a i;ajhd ms,sn| ukd oekSula we;slr
.ekSu mqoa.,hd fidajdka lrjkak fya;= fjkjd.
fu;kos lshkak Tsks
nqÿrcdkka jykafia fidajdka fjkafk fldfyduo lsh, fkdfhla ;ek fkdfhla úêhg
lsh, ;shkjd
kuq;a lsh, ;sfhkafk fudllao? i;ajhd .ek
Th lshk tl ixl,amhla j;a fmakak keye ta iQ;% foaYkd j,
kuq;a fyd|g ys;, n,kak
fudk me;af;ka i;ajhd úia;r l,;a ta yeu ;ekosu lshkafk oyu ;uhs
Th ixl,am .ek ;uhs
kuq;a Th úoshgu fnoSu fmakafk keye
fï wdlD;sh ysf;a ;shkjdkï
tal od, n,, f;areï .kak mq¨jks
ke;=j fidajdka m,h tl tl w;g úia;r lrkak .sfhd;a oyug nysk ;eku tlu
meg,eú,a,la fjkjd.

1-6 fidajdka fjkak wjYHuo?

wjYHuo
hfula fï i;ajhdf.a we;sùu, meje;au, ke;sùu ukdfldg oek.;a; ojig
thdg oek .kak mq¨jka fjkjd fï wkka; iifrys Nhdkl lu
fï f,dalfha t,a,s,d ysáfhd;a ú|skak úhyels ÿl
ta jf.au fï ÿla f.dv ms,sn| oekSula we;sfjkjd
todg f;afrkjd fï f,dalh lshk tfla t,a,s,d fï .uk hkjg jvd fïflka
.e,fjkak l%uhla ;shkjdkï fyd|hs lsh,
tfykï f;areïlr .kak fï i;ajhd lshkafk ljqo lsh, bf.k .kak lï thdg
ljodj;a fidajdka fjkak TSk lsh, ysf;ka fk;a keye. fidajdka fjkak;a neye.

1-7 i;ajhl= hkq ljqo?

Tfì m%Yakh i;ajhd lsh, woyia lrkafka ljqo, l=ulao, hkakfk?
ke;skï i;ajhd ljqo hkak fn!oaOd.ñl b.ekaùï ;=, úia;r fjkafka fldfyduo
lsh,?
fï Thf.d,af,d wykafka,fn!oaO o¾Ikh lshkafka l=ulao? tfyu ke;akï
f,dalh,ixidrh lshkafka l=ulao jf.a m%Yakhla
uq¨ nqÿoyuu leá lr, Th wykafk
fuysoS i;ajhd fyda fn!oaO o¾Ikh .ek l:d lsÍug m%:u o¾Ikh ms,sn| hula
lsõfjd;a fyd|hs lsh, ysf;kjd t;fldg miqìu;a lshfjkjd.
o¾Ikh kï fya;=m, wkqj i,ld ne,Sfuka miafi mqoa.,fhl= ;=, my,jk
;¾ldkql+, ks.ukhhs
fï o¾Ik úIh b;du wE; w;S;h f;la hkjd

19
tl, isg ñksid m%Odk lrekq folla ms,sn| fufia ;¾ldkql+, ks.ukj,g nyskak
W;aidy l,d
ta;uhs

• f,dalh-ms,sn|j
• i;ajhd-ms,sn|j

f,dalh hgf;a fmd,j, wyia l=i, br y| ;re, j,dl=¿, jeiai, úÿ,sh, fyk yv,
oj,a ? jYfhkq;a,
i;ajhd .ek ie,lSfïoS, Wm; l=ulao? urkh l=ulao? Wm;g fmr Njhla ;snqfkao?
urkhg miq Njhla weoao? PSú; .ufkaoS wmg md,kh l, fkdyels isÿùï j,g
fya;=jla ;sfìo? wfya;=lo? wdoS lrekq ms,sn| fkdfhla od¾Iksl u; jdo ìysjqkd
fï ;d¾;sl Éka;dj,sh fkdfhla YsIaGdpdr ;=, fkdfhla wdldrhg ìysjqkd
fïjd ;uhs fmros. o¾Ikh, .S%la o¾Ikh, ngysr o¾Ikh jYfhka bosßm;a fj,d
;sfhkafka
fï wyk m%Yakh, fn!oaO o¾Ykfhka lshfjk uQ,sl yrhka fudkjdo lsh,
tal uu fufyu meyeos,s lrkakï,
biafi,a,du fï f,dalh yd i;ajhd ms,sn| o¾Ikhla we;slr.kak,
i;Hh olskak,nqÿrcdkka jykafia fyd| iSudjla we;slr .;a;
ta fudllao? fï nThla muk isrefrys f,dalh;a, f,dalWmam;a;sh;a, f,dal meje;au yd
f,dal úkdYh jk ud¾.h;a ;shkj lsh, ;uhs ;;d.;hka jykafia iSudj yod.;af;
oeka f,dalh, i;ajhd, fïfl we;sùu, meje;au, ke;sùu ms,sn|j lshkjd kï wms
n,kak Tsfk fï isrefr ;sfhkafk fudkjdo lsh,.
kej; u;la lr.kak, fn!oaO o¾Ikfha fudkjdo lshfjkafka
tkï, wksla o¾Yk jf.au f,dalh yd i;ajhd .ekuhs lshkafka.
tfykï i;ajhdf.a ;sfhkafka fudkjdo?
mxpialkaoh kue;s fldgia my tl;=j fkdfyd;a taldnoao meje;au fu;k ;sfhkafk
rEm, fõokd, ix{d, ixialdr, ú{dk
fu;k kdu rEm jYfhka fldgia folla ;shkjd.
kdu fõokd ix{d ixialdrd úx{dkd lshk tajd
rEm lshkafka wdfmda f;afcda jdfhda mGú lshk tl;=jla
wksla me;af;ka i;r mrud¾; j, ;shk É;a; ffp;isl rEm .;a;;a
É;a; ffp;isl lshk O¾u kdu
wksl rEm
t;k l:d lr, ;sfhkafk;a i;ajhd .ek
;j me;a;lska ne¨fjd;a wdh;k fod,y .kak
fu;k ;sfhkafk wOHd;añl wdh;k yhhs, Ndysr wdh;k yhhs
wOHd;añl wdh;k lshkafka wms ,. ;shk wdh;k
fïjd ;uhs is;a we;slrkak Woõ jk wms ,. ;shk wdh;k

tkï plaLdh;kh fmksu ms,sn| is;la we;slr, tu w;aoelSu we;slrkjd

fida;dh;kh weiSu ms,sn| is;la we;slr, tu w;aoelSu we;slrkjd
>dkdh;kh iqj| ms,sn| is;la we;slr, tu w;aoelSu we;slrkjd
cSõydh;kh rih ms,sn| is;la we;slr, tu w;aoelSu we;slrkjd
ldhdh;kh iam¾Ihka ms,sn| is;la we;slr, tu w;aoelSu we;slrkjd
ukdh;kh ish¨ is;sú,s we;slrkjd

wksl ndysr wdh;k wfmka msg mj;sk is;sú,s we;slrkak Woõjk wdh;k,
remdh;kh - j¾k rEmh,

20
Yìodh;kh - Yìo rEmh,
.kaOdh;kh - .kaO rEmh,
ridh;kh - ri rEmh
fmdáGìndh;kh - mGú, f;afcda, jdfhda rEmh,
Oïudh;k - Oïu
ffp;isl mkia fol yd by; Ndysr wdh;k hgf;a fkdlshkq kuq;a Wmdodk rEm úis
y;rg whs;sjk ish¨u wksla Wmdodk rEm

fu;k i;ajhd ms,sn| lr we;s fuu fnoSu is;sú,s we;slrkak uq,ajk wNHka;r yd
Ndysr wdh;k j, iajrEmh ú.%y lrñka i;ajhd úia;r lrkak W;aidy f.k
;sfnkjd
tfykï i;ajhd mxpialkaoh tfyu ke;akï wdh;k fod,y ;j;a wdldrhlg fno,
úia;r lr, ;shk úosh n,uq
fuu fnoSfï moku ;uhs kej;;a is;sú,a,la we;slrkak Woõjk uq,a jk Od;= fyj;a
uQ,sl foa hk w¾;fhka fldgia oywglg fno, lr we;s úia;rh.
fïlg lshkj wgf,dia Od;=, fuys kej;;a we;af;a;a i;ajhd ms,sn| fjk;a wdldrhlg
fno, úia;r lsÍula
ta ;uhs plaLq Od;=j, rEm Od;=j, plal= ú{dk Od;=j,
fida; Od;=j, ioaO Od;=j, fida; ú{dk Od;=j,
>dk Od;=j, .kaO Od;=j, >dk ú{dk Od;=j,
cSúyd Od;=j, ri Od;=j, cSúyd ú{dk Od;=j,
ldh Od;=j, fmdáGìn Od;=j, ldh ú{dk Od;=j,
ufkda Od;=j, Oïu Od;=j, ufkda ú{dk Od;=j,
fï ish,a, i;ajhd lshkafk ljqo lsh, ú.%y lrkak lrmq fnoSï.
kuq;a fïfl ;sfhkafk tl mokula fudllao? is;sú,a,la lshkafk fudllao lshk tl
úia;r lrkak yomq W;aidyhla fïl
n,kak mxpialkaOh tlg f.dv.eyqkdu is;la is;sú,a,la
tfyukï is;sú,a,la lshkafka i;ajhd lshk tl.
is;sú,a,lska fudlo fjkafka? hï w;aú|Sula w;aoelSula iliaùu
tfykï fï wLkavj mj;sk w;aú|Sï mrïmrdj is;a mrïmrdj ;uhs i;ajhd lshkafka
oeka kdu rEm lshkafk;a fï w;aú|Su is;a mrïmrdj fno, ;shk ;j;a úoshla
fï;a i;ajhd is;sú,s mrmqr yefokak uq,ajk fldgia
fïjd ;uhs fï w;aú|Sï mrmqrg uq,afjkafka
;j fohla lshkak ;shkjd
fï w;aú|Sï ;=, rEm .;a;yu wdfmda f;afcda jdfhda mGú lshk Yla;s y;r Wmdodkh
Wkdu we;sjk m%;sm,h
fuh w;aú|skakd we;slrkak fya;=jk uQ,sl fohla,
fï Wmdodk rEm lshkafka hï wdjldIhla ke;akï fN!;sl;ajhla we;slsÍula
fï ;uhs wjldIfha fN!;sl;ajfha uq,
rEm j,g idfmaÌlhs wjldIfhys bv w,a,d.ekSu
wksla me;af;ka kdu .;a;yu tys oS isÿjkafka;a ú|Su iïmQ¾k lrkak hïld¾H
Ndrhla isÿlsÍu kuq;a th wfN!;slhs
fuysoS fõokd ú|sñka ;shkjd, w;aú|Sï wlkavj mj;skjd, fï lshkafka cSj;afjkjd,
oefkkjd, ld,h .;lrkjd, f;afrkjd
fï ;uhs ld,h we;sùu
kdu j,g idfmaÌlhs ld,h
t;fldg fï Wmdodk rEm ;uhs fN!;sl f,dalh ìyslf,a
tajf.au kdu ;uhs fï w;aú|Su “uu” ke;skï ld,h we;slf,a
fï wkqj kdu rEm j, iduqysl tl;=fjka ;uhs w;aú|Su ke;akï fï ú|Sï mrmqr yg
.kafka

21
ld,h fN!;sl;ajh yg.kafka
fu;k ;sfhkafka w;aú|Sï mrmqrla, ysvila ke;sj wLkavj mj;sk w;aú|sSï je,la,
fï ;uhs ixidrh
tfykï fï f,dalh ixidrh tfyu ke;skï kdu rEm, ld, , fN!;sl;ajh ke;skï
i;r mrud¾;, wdh;k fod,y, Od;= wgf,di
fï ish,af,kau úia;r lrkak yo, ;sfhkafk ”fm!oa.,sl wkkaH;djhlska” hq;=j
we;sjk fï w;aoelSu ú|su tfyuke;akï w;aú|Su fudkjf.ao lsh,
fuu w;aú|su wkkH;djhlska hq;= ksid fu;k ”uu” lshk flkd ;uhs fuu w;aú|Su
,nkafka
t;fldg fï w;aú|Sug fya;=jqfka kdu, rEm
fï kdu rEm tlg ;shkl,a ;uhs fï w;aú|Su we;sfjkafka, tkï is;sú,s fyj;a is;a
yg .kafka,
fï ;uhs i;ajhd fyj;a is;sú,s,
fï w;aú|skakd, uu,
cSj;aùu ixidrh úia;r lrkak ;uhs nqÿrcdkka jykafia fkdfhla ixl,am j,ska
W;aidy f.k ;sfnkafka.
n,kak máÉpiuqmamdoh,
tys is;sú,s fyj;a w;aú|Sï mrmqr iifrys .uka lrk wdldrh fya;=m, jYfhka
isÿjk úosh fuu ixl,amh ;=,ska úia;r lr, ;shkjd,
wksla me;af;ka mxpialkaO mxpWmdOdkialkao úNd.h fï is;sú,s tlg f.dv.eys,
iifrys ”w;aú|skakd fyj;a w;aolskakd” .uka lrk yeá fmkajkjd
ke;skï is;sú,a,la yg.kakd yeá tu.ska úia;r lrkjd
ta jf.au ;s%,Ìh ;=,ska fuu kdu rEm j, h:d¾;h fyj;a i;H ,Ìkh úia;r
lrkjd
is;sú,a, ;=,ska ,nk w;aú|Sfï h:diajNdjh fy,slrkjd
kej;;a p;=rd¾H i;H ;=,ska f,dalh iy i;ajhd ms,sn| i;Hh kshdhd;aul iy fï
;;ajfhka ñfok wdldrh m%;smodj ;=,ska iïmQ¾kfhkau l:dlr, ;shkjd
fï wkqj uq¨ nqÿoyu mqrd l:dlrk kshdhka ixl,amhka m%;smodjka ;=,ska kej;
kej; W;aidy f.k ;sfhkafka fï i;ajhd fyj;a is;sú,a, úia;r lrkakhs
i;ajhd lshkafka kdu, rEm f.dvla lsh, nqÿrcdkka jykafia lsõjd
wmsg yqre Wodyrkhlska fïl f;areï .kak n,uq
wms ys;uq hlv l=vq lr, , m;a;f¾l w;=r, , m;a;f¾g háka ldkaoï lE,a,la
w,a,, tfy fufy l,d lsh,.
oeka Wv hlv l=vqál m,af,yd ldkaofï Yla;sh tfyg fufyg hk úosyg
fi,fjkj
Tkak hlv l=vq ál yßhg rEm jf.a
hlv l=vq tfy fufy fjkafka ldkaoï Yla;sh yskao, tal kdu jf.a
oeka wms fï kdu rEm lshk tlg ;uhs fï mxpialkaoh lsh, lshkafka
fï fudkjd lsõj;a i;ajhdf.a uQ,slj ;sfhkafka kdu yd rEm O¾uhs
oeka i;ajhd .ek l:dlrk úg fï f,dalh .ek;a kslïu l:d fjkjd
fn!oaO o¾Ikfha fï i;ajhd f,dalh .ek ú.%y lrkak úfYaI kHdhd;aul úêl%uhla
ixl,am lsysmhla hgf;a f.dvk., ;shkjd
i;ajhdf.a we;sùu yd meje;au ms,sn|j máÉp iuqmamdo ixl,amh ;=,ska ú.%y fjkjd
i;ajhd ljqo? tys ls%hdldÍ;ajh mxpialkaO úNd.h ;=,skao úia;r lrkjd
fï i;ajhdf.a, f,dalfha ;shk ,Ìk ;s%,Ìk ixl,amfhka úia;r lrkjd
fï ixl,am ish,af,ysu lshfjk i;ajhdf.a i;H iajNdjh p;=rd¾H i;Hfhka ú.%y
fjkjd
uq,os;a lsõjd t;fldg fï i;ajhd .ek ke;skï nThla muk jQ fï isrer fydhkak
.shyu uq¨ nqÿ oyfuu lshfjk kHdhd;aul me;a; iïmQ¾kfhkau lshfjkjd

22
oeka m,uqj n,uq mxpialkaoh lshkafk l=ulao? m%Odk follg lvkak mq¨jks
kdu rEm

kdu lshkafk fõokd, ix{d, ixialdr, ú{dk

rEm lshkafka wdfmda, f;afcda, jdfhda, mGú lshk fN!;sl Yla;Ska f.a Wmdodk rEm
fï ;uhs mxpialkaoh
wmsg fï .ek l:dlrkak fj,d ;sfhkafka fï my f.dv .eys, , tlg ;sshk fldg
fjkuu w;aoelSï ,nk “mqoa.,hd” tkï “cSj;a fjkafkl= ìysùuhs”
rEm .;a;yu m%Odk Yla;s y;r jk wdfmda, f;afcda, jdfhda, mGú lshk y;r ksid
we;sjQ Wmdodk rEm fyj;a uq,a Yla;s y;r tl;= jQ fN!;sl ,Ìk úisy;rlska ;uhs
fï rEm we;sfj,d ;sfhkafka
fu;k fyd|g ys;g .kak uQ,sl Yla;s lsõjyu f,dalfha wjidk mod¾:h fï Yla;s
y;r lshk tl tfyu fkfuhs fï w¾;h
uq¨ fN!;sl f,dalhu fïjhska ;uhs iukaú;
fïjd yeos, ;sfhkafka uQ,sl Yla;s y;rlska
tajd hï lsis úêhlg tl;= jqkdu ;uhs rEmhla yg .kafka,
fuh ;uhs wjldYh (space) yg .ekSfï uq,
rEm j, l=vdu fldgila rEm l,dmhla lsh, lshkjd, ta l,dmhla wdfmda ,f;afcda,
jdfhda, mGú iy .kaO ri j¾k Tscd lshk Y=oaO wYaGl j,ska iuka ú;hs
fuh weyeg fmfkk ;;ajhg jvd b;du ishqï fN!;sl ;;ajhla
wm, rEm we;sùu iïnkaOj úoHdkql+, úia;r lsÍu i,ld ne¨j fyd;a tysoS;a b;du
meyeos,sj fmfkk ;;ajhla ;uhs fuu Wmdodkh fyj;a we,Su ksid fï fN!;sl
rEmhka we;sù we;s nj.
fïjd wdld¾Ikh, úl¾Ikh, ia:dhs;dj ;;ajh ksid tkï ta uQ, ¯jHj, ffki¾.sl
jYfhka we;s Ok iDk wdfrdams; ;;ajh ksid fya;=m, jYfhka fï fN!;sl ;;ajh
we;sfjkafka
fï úosfhka ;uhs rEm lshk tl ygf.k ;sfhkafka.
kdu O¾uhkag rEmj, ;;ajh oefkk wdldr myla ;shkj
ta ;uhs Yìo, .kaO, ri, iam¾I, j¾k jYfhka
fï ;uhs fN!;sl;ajh is; lshk tlg oefkk wdldrh
tfyukï fN!;sl;ajh ìysjk Yla;sh tlla
tys we;s úmßkduh iajNdjh fyj;a Wmdodk jQ Yla;sh ;uhs rEm
WmamdO Gs;s Nx. jYfhka ;;amrhlg wjfndaOlr.; fkdyels jdr.kka fõ.fhka
ish fjkiaùu fkdkj;ajd mj;ajkjd fï rEm
fN!;sl;ajh hkq rEm l,dm f.dvla
fï wkqj fN!;sl Yla;Ska fyj;a wdfmda, f;afcda, jdfhda, mGú Wmdodkh ù Wmdodk rEm
we;sù fuu fN!;sl f,dalh wmg ,eí ;sfhkjd,
ta jf.au wfma lh .;a;;a fï lh ilia ù ;sfhkafka fuu Yla;Skaf.a tl;=fjkauhs
oeka wms kdu ms,sn| i,ld n,uq,
kdu fõokd, ix{d, ixialdrd, ú{dkd jYfhka fldgia y;rlg fnÿjd
oeka wms uq, msrefõ i;ajhd .ek l;d lrkak
tysoS rEm fldfyduo yeos, ;sfhkafk lsh, ne¨j
fN!;sl Yla;Skaf.a Wmdodk rEm ìysl,d jf.a
fï kdu O¾uh Wmdodkh fyj;a f.dv.eySu;a tl;=fj,d ;uhs fï oekSu fyj;a is;
we;sfjkafka
ke;skï w;aoelSï ,nkakd we;sjkafka
fï oekSï iajNdjh fyj;a w;aú|Su ;uhs wms ú|sñka bkafk,
hula u;la lrkak mq¨jka,
hula wÿr.kak mq¨jka,

23
is; lh jok ls%hd;aul lrkak mq¨jka
wksla me;af;ka fï w;aú|Sï ;=,ska hula wjfndaO fjkjd
fï lshkafka csj;a fjkjd lshk tlhs
fu;k i;ajfhla ìysfj,d cSj;afjkjd lshkafka wms ld,hg meg,s,d, ixidrhg jeá,
tfykï tlme;a;lska rEm wjldihla fN!;sl;ajhla yodf.k
kdu ld,hla yodf.k
kdu rEm tl;=ùu jYfhka ;uhs fï i;ajhd f,dalh we;sfj,d ;sfhkafka
kdu, j¾;udk, w;S; , wkd.; jYfhka ish úmßkduh ;;amrhlg wjfndaOlr.;
fkdyels jdr .kka fõ.fhka mj;skjd tlu ld, f.dvla jYfhka
wfma lh iy fiiq fN!;sl f,dalfha meje;au tlu úêhg fj,d ;sfhkafka lh ;=,
Yìo .kaO ri j¾k iam¾I hk fN!;sl;ajh is;g oefkk wdldr ishqïj talrdYS jQ
;eka ;shkjd tajg lshkjd m%ido lsh,
ta ;eka j,g fï rEm O¾u j, we;s iajNdjh oefkkjd
ta ;ekaj,g wms lshkjd weia, lka, kdia, osj, lh lsh,
fï f,dafla ;shk Yla;s yd Wmdodk rEmuhs fïjdfha iajNdjh
mxpialkaoh ;=,ska lrkafka f,dalfha we;s rih Wrd.ekSu, oekSu
ke;skï isf;ys f,dalh yg.kafka is;g f,dalh oefkkafk fï b¯hka ksid,
fï b¯hka fok f;dr;=re j,ska f.dvkef.k is;sú,s ;uhs wms f,dalfha iajNdjh
lsh, lshkafka
t;fldg f,dalh uefjkafka is;sú,s jYfhkqhs
fuu fN!;sl;ajh iy kdu O¾uhka j, ;shkj úfYaIu ,Ìk ;=kla .%ykh lr.;
fkdyels
fï rEm b;du wêfõ.hlska úmßkduh fjkjd, fjkiafjkjd
ta ksid fï Yla;s fyj;a fN!;sl iajrEmh tlu m%jdyhla jYfhka fjkia fjñka
;sfhkafka, fïlg lshkjd wks;H;djh lsh,
kuq;a wms ,. ;shk fï misÿrka,
fjkiajk fï rEm fyj;a fN!;sl;ajh ms,sn| kshu f;dr;=re fokafka keye.
ta lshkafka weye-rEm .ek, lk - Yìo .ek wdoS jYfhka wfma b¯hkaf.a ixfõoS
mrdih ;=, ;uhs wmg f,dj jegfykafka
wmg b¯hkaf.a oekSfï iSudiys; Ndjh ;=, jeros úosyg f,dalh jegfykjd
fïlg lshkak mq¨jka wks;H;djh fjkqjg ks;Hhs lsh,
f,dalh ms,sn| oelSu fõ.fhka isÿjk fN!;sl iajrEmh fjkiaùu .%ykh lr.kak
neye
fïl f,dj ;;= yßhg fkdoelSfï wjia:djla “fudayh”
B,.g fï lh .;a;yu fõokd oefkkjd, u;la lrkak mq¨jka, wÿr.kak mq¨jka,
l;dlrkak, w;mh yiqrjkak, ys;kak mq¨jka,
w;aú|Sula iliafjkak wjYH ;;ajh tys ;shkjd
fï ish,a, w;aú|sk fjku flfkla bkakj jYfhka f;afrkj,
wjfndaO jkakd,f;afrkakd, ú|skakd, u;l ;sfnkakd, fï lh ;=, csj;a fjkjd lsh,
wmsg ysf;kjd.
wfma lh ;=, fjkuu w;aú|skafkla bkakjd
tfyu ke;akï “uu” bkakjd lsh, ysf;kjd,
fu;k fï isÿùï ud,dj lrjkafkla bkakjd
tkï wd;auhla we;snj yef.kjd
fuh fï f,dafla meje;afï m%Odk mqrel
tfyu lf,d;a, ks;Hhs wd;auhs lsh, ys;=fjd;a, t;k b|ka tal ÿlhs,
fïl ;uhs ÿfla tla fya;=jla
lh uf.a uu lsh, ;shk oDIaáh
iajldh oDIaáfha fldgila
fï lh whs;s th yeÿj Yla;Ska y;rg wdfmda f;afcda jdfhda mGú

24
ke;=j th ixfhda. l, ixialdr j,g fkfuhs
fu;rï fj,d l:d lf,a lh .ek
fï lhg w¾:hla weú,a, ;sfhkafka fudkj yskaoo lsh, B,.g n,uq
Th lhg rEm ú;rlau kï ;sfhkafka kdu fudkjd;a ke;skï talg wms lshkjd “u,
ñkshla lsh,”
tfyu lshkafka ta lfhka jevla lrkak neye.
fudkjdo u, ñkshla fkdù bkak ñksiqkaf.a lhg wu;r ;shk foaj,a
lhg úoSula ;shkjd,u;la lrkak mq¨jks,wÿk .kak mq¨jks,
l:dlrkak mq¨jks, w;mh tfy fufy f.kshkak mq¨jks, ys;kak mq¨jks, hula
wjfndaO fjkjd
tfyukï fïjd ;uhs cSj;=ka w;r bkak ñksfyl=f.a lhl wu;rj ;sfhk foaj,a
fï ,Ìk Tlafldu tlg tl;= l,du lshkjd kdu lsh,
kdu lshkafka fN!;sl f,dalh flf¾ keñ, lshk woyi,
tfyukï fï uu fyj;a f,dalh w;aúoskakd fjkakkï, fN!;sl lh ú;rla uos
;j lE,s álla ke;skï kdu O¾u;a wjYHhs lsh, fmakjd
wmsg fï f,dalh kdu, rEm, ld, , wjldI, jYfhka tlg ;sfhkafka fukak fï y;r
tlg ;shkl,a wms iifrys ne|s, f,dalh ms,sn| w;aoelSï ,nñka bkafka
kuq;a, oeka ys;kak tmd, uerekyu kdu rEm fjka fjkjfka, t;fldg kdu rEm
ìf|kjd, Tlafldu t;kska bjrhs lsh, ,
fïfl fmdä ryila ;shkjd ,tl;a iajNdjh O¾ufha kshuhlauhs, fya;= m,hs, máÉp
iuqmamkakhs, ta ;uhs iaj j¾.h fnda lrñka hk tl
n,kak kdu rEm tlg tl;= jqk ;ekla ys;, iaj j¾.h fndalrkafka ke;s
uerekyu kdu uefrkafka keye, tys fN!;sl uqyqkqjr fjkia fjkjd, yßhg fï
jf.a,
j;=r r;alryu yqud,h fjkj, iS; l,yu whsia fjkj jf.a, ish¨ fN!;sl O¾u,
>k, ¯j, jdhq jYfhka fN!;sl uqyqkqjr mßj¾;kh jqk;a, tys we;s ridhksl
nkaOkh, Wodyrk j;=r j, H2O nkaOkh lefvkafka keye
fN!;sl uqyqKqjr fjkia fjkjd ú;rhs,
oeka fudlo fj,d ;sfhkafka, wfma l:djg .;a; kdu rEm f.dv uerek;a, fï uQ,sl
nkaOkh lefvkafk keye
fïl ;uhs fN!;sl;ajfha we;sùug uq,ajQ ridhksl iy iïnkaokh jf.a kdu O¾u
tlg Wmdodkh ù mxpWmdodkialkaOh lshk tl yeos, ;sfhkafka.
rEm tl;=j, ridhksl iy iïnkaOkhla, wksla me;af;ka kdu O¾uj, tl;=j;a
lsishï jQ iyiïnkaOkhla
ta ;uhs ldu ;kayd, Nj ;kayd, úNj ;kayd ksid kdu O¾uhkaf.a Wmdodk iajrEmh
tkï mxpWmdodkialkaohkah
kdu rEm foflau iyiïnkaokhkaf.a uqyqkqjr fjkia jqk;a tys wLkav meje;aula
mj;sk nj fmfkkjd
fï meje;au megjq yefokjd jf.a wdhs;a ;ekl me,fjkjd
kuq;a fï kdu rEm fkdleä mxpWmdodkialkaoh jYfhka tlg mej;Su ;uhs fï wms
uq,skq;a lsõj, biairyg;a lshfjk, ÿfla uq, fj,d ;sfhkafk,
t;fldg wms l%uhla fydhkak Tsfk, fï nkaokh, Wmdodkh, tlg f.dv.eiS meje;au
kj;ajkak

1-8 kdu O¾u j, iajrEmh kej;;a fjk fjku f.k úia;r lrkjdo?
lrkjdo
wms okakjd kdu lshkafka fõokd, ix{d, ixialdrd, ú{dkd
oeka wms m,uqfjka ”fõokd” wÿkd .ksuq

25
fõokd lshk tfla woyi, oekSu lshk tl, ta oekSu,
rEm ms,sn| oekSu - Yìo .kaO ri j¾k iam¾I,
rEm fkdjk foa ms,sn| oekSu - Oïu
fïjd oefkkfldg fjkafka, rEm rEm w;r fyda tkï bka¯hka yd wruqkq w;r
.eàula,
fïflos lshkak mq¨jka iudk Od;= tlg uqk.eiSula yÿkd.ekSula jf.a fohla
fuf;kos;a we;sfjkafk Yla;s úfYaIhla
fï w;aú|Su fyj;a oekSu ke;akï is;la is;=ú,a,la we;sfjkak uq,afjkafk fõokd
fï fõokdj lh msysg, ;shk wdldrh wkqj, bka¯hka my yd uk, iakdhq moao;sh
yryd fN!;sl lhla wdOdr lrf.k fud,hg okajkj fuu bka¯hka yd wruqkq w;r
.eáu
fï ;uhs fõokdj,
fud,h mßyrkh lr, ;uhs wruqfkys iajrEmh f;afrkafka,
t;fldg fN!;sl lh tlla, wruqkq ;jtlla, ta ksid we;sjQ fõokd lshk Yla;sh ;j
tlla,
fuh wLkavj .,df.k hkjd, oefkñka mj;skjd, “j¾;udkh“ tkï “ld,hg“ uq,
mqrkjd,
oeka kdu rEm f.dv tlg ;shk yskao, fudlo fjkafka,fõokd lshk Yla;sh we;sjqkd,
ta lshkafka fN!;sl Yla;sh kdu lshk Yla;sh yd tlg uqiqfj,d ;shk ksid, rEm j,
iajNdjh ukig oefkkak mgka .kakjd
fu;k Yla;s folla lsõjdg fukak fï ál;a wjfndaOlr.kak Tsks
fï kïod, fN!;sl kdu ukia lsh lshd Yla;s fnokak neye
ta jf.au fï wfN!;sl wld,sl wkka; jQ wixl,amd;aul ;;ajhkag kï fokak neye
fuys we;a;gu ;sfhkafk hïlsis wdj,shla
wdj,shla ;=, ;shk fjka fjka jQ má lKavdhï (Difference bands in once
spectrum) álla
wms g fï w;aú|Sï iajNdjh wjfndaOlr.kak myiqjg l, fnoSul ú;rhs fïl
tkï bka¯hka mfyka wruqkq ms,sn| f;dr;=re .,dtkak mgka wrka, fõokd lshk
tflka f,dalhu tkï, ukig fN!;sl;ajh oefkkafk fõokd jYfhka ùoSï jYfhkqhs
tal Wmlrkhla fkfuhs,
Yla;s yqjudrejla jYfhka fN!;sl;ajh yd uki Yla;s w;r nkaokh jqkdu fõokd
lshk tl “uu“ flfkl=g mßj¾;kh fj,d,
fu;k úosk flfkla bkakjd lsh, f;afrkak mgka .kakjd
kuq;a, fõokdj ;sfhkafka fï fN!;sl;ajh yd ukia Yla;sh ne|s, ;shk l,a ú;rhs
fïl jy jyd fjkia fjkjd,
rEm fjkia fjk fõ.hg;a jvd jeä fõ.hlska fjkia fjkjd, ks;H keye, kuq;a
fïl m%jdyhla jf.a fjkia fjkjd,
.,kjd, ks;H keye, kuq;a ks;Hhs lsh,d oefkkjd,
ta jf.au fïfla w¾;h fmakafk ke;s ksid, úoskafkl= “uu“ bkakjd lsh,d ysf;kjd,
úoskakd “uu“ lsh, ysf;kjd,
oeka b;ska mxpia lkaofha fõokd ialkaOh ks;H wd;au lsh, wrf.k.
fï úêhg .;af;d;a wmsokakjd, ta lshkafka ÿl lsh,d.
oeka fu;k rEm ;snqk ksid fõokdj weú;a ld,h yeÿkd, ñ ,.g fõokdjla
we;sjqfkd; a, tafla m%;sm,h ;uhs,
ta we;sjqk Yla;sfha Pdhdj u;lh jYfhka mej;Su.
fïlg wmslshkjd ix{d lsh,
t;fldg fuu ix{d ksid hula u;lal, yels,yÿkd.kak mq¨jka, yßhg f,an,a lr,
jf.a,

26
fï w;aoelSï ms,sn| u;lhka f.dvkef.k iajNdjhla ;shkjd,
fï lshkafka ix{d,
fN!;sl Yla;s ukia Yla;s w;r ysrfj,d ;shk fldg, ixksfõokh fjkjd fõokdfjka
tajd oeka ukg yÿkd.;yels iajNdjhla mj;skjd.
fï ix{d f;drla ke;sj tkjd,tl úêhlg ;sfhkafka keye, fjkia fjkjd oeka u;la
lrk tl fkfuhs ;j állska fjkia fjkjd, kuq;a ix{d ialkaOh we;sjqkdg miafia,
mrk foaj,a f.dvla ysf;a ;shkjd, oeka ug jqk foaj,a f.dvla ;shkjd.
fõokdj “j¾;udk ld,h“ yeÿjd,
oeka u;lh,yÿkd.kak mq¨jka nj fudlo lf,a, “w;S;h“ yokjd, oeka “uu“
j¾;udkfha úosñka bkakjd, “uu“ ix{d jYfhka w;S;fha ysáhd,
tkï uu fõokd jYfhka j¾;udkfha ,o w;aoelSï,
w;aú|Sï ix{d ialkaoh ksid w;S;fha;a uu w;aú|Sñka isáhd hkak ;yjqre lrkjd
oeka ix{d ialkaOh;a “uu“ úêhg .;a;d
we;a;gu ix{d “uu“ lshkafka, w;a úosï j, u;l .nvdjla,
fuh;a Yla;s úfYaIhla,
kuq;a fu;kos;a wks;H;djh wkd;au nj wu;l fj,d, ks;H wd;au lsh, .;a; ,
oeka fudlo, ix{d ialkaoh ÿlg fya;= fjkjd,
oeka fu;k fyd| ;j fohla jqkd,
lh fõokdfõ meje;aug fya;= jqkd,
oeka ix{dfõ meje;aug fya;=jqkd fya;=m, jYfhka fõokdj.
oeka lh fõokd ix{d ls%hd;aul ùu ;=, we;sfjkjd “ixialrkh ùula“, ;,a¨ùula
ta fudkjdo
is; lh jok ls%hd;aul jk Yla;shlg fï ix{d mßj¾;kh fjkjd
fïl ;uhs ,o úoSu ix{d tl;=ùu ;=, thg ,efnk w¾;h,
ixialrkh ùu ls%hd;aul ùu,
tkï,ldh ixialdr,jÑ ixialdr,ufkda ixialdr

fï fõokd, ix{djg yerjqk Yla;sh, ls%hd;aul njg yefrkjd,fuh ;j;a Yla;s

úfYaIhla, kuq;a rEm, fõokd, ix{d u;ska ìysjQjla.
oeka,
l:d lrkak mq¨jks, lh yiqrejkak mq¨jks, ys;kak mq¨jks,
wmsg oeka lhla ;shkjd th yiqrejkak mq¨jka l:dlrkak mq¨jka ys;kak mq¨jka
fï ;uhs wms ,. ;shk kdu rEm ls%hd;aul lrkak mq¨jka nj
tfyuke;skï fï kdu rEm lshk tajd ug k;=hs lsh, ysf;k ;ek
fï “uu“ fïj lrkafka lshk tl iyuq,skau ta;a;= hkjd,
kuq;a fu;k “uu“ flfkla keye,
rEm, fõokd, ix{d ;=k tlsfklg fya;=fjñka Wmka ;j;a Yla;shla ú;rhs, fu;k
úYd, Yla;shla we;sfjkjd,
ta Yla;sh j¾;udkhg ú;rla fkfuhs wkd.;hg;a Yla;s b;sß fjkjd, fïlg
lshkjd m%{dNs ixildr, wm%{dys ixialdr lsh,d
ke;akï fu;k ;uhs wkd.;hg ìc weg l¾u ìc yokafk
oeka wkd.;hla yeÿjd, kdu O¾u ;=kla fõokd, ix{d, ixialdr tl;=fj,d w;S;h
j¾;udkh wkd.;h, tkï ld,hg wmsj .eg .y, ;shkjd.
kuq;a, fï ixialdr;a we;a;gu wks;H idOl uq,afj,d wkd;au idOl uq,afj,d yeosÉp
tajd,
kdu rEm tlg uqiqj ls%hd;aul ùu kej; kdu rEm ixfhda.hkag, ìc yokafka
fu;ekos,

27
fïjdfha lsisu jevla keye, fu;k ljqre;a keye, kuq;a “uu” yd ”ld,h ” hk
ixl,am fyd|g oeka ;yjqre fj,d,
oeka n,kak ú|skafkla bkakjd, u;lalrkak mq¨jka, yÿkd.kak mq¨jka ;;ajhla
;shkjd
oeka l:d lrkafkla, ls%hdlrkafkla, ys;kafkla bkakjd,n,dfmdfrd;a;= ;shkjd, ys;kak
mq¨jka, fï ixialdrhka lrk fjkuu flfkla bkakjd,
oeka wms ú{dkh .ek n,uq,
fuysoS bka¯shka wruqkq yd .eáu ;=, wmg we;sjqkq w;aú|Su w;aoelSu wjfndaOh ;uhs
fï ú{dkh lsh, lshkafka
t;fldg fuu úfYaI jQ wjfndaOh ,eìug rEm fõokd ix{d ixialdrd hk ish,a,u
Woõjqkd,
tfykï fuu mxpialkofha we;s uQ,sl y;r ls%hd;aul Ndjfha m%;sm,h ;uhs ú{dkh
t;fldg ú{dkhla lshkafk is;=ú,a,la iïm%¾k õula
tkï mxpialkaohla tljrla we;sùula
fï úoshg ú.%y l, úg wmg meyeos,s fjkjd fï yeu is;sú,a,lau tljrla i;ajhd
we;slrkjd tkï mxpialkaoh yokjd
tfyu ke;akï kdu rEm yefokjd fï ;=, ld, wjldY idfmaÌlj we;sfjkjd,
kdu rEm jYfhka tlg ls%hd;aulùu ;=, , hula f;areï .ekSu,wjfndaO ùu,
wjidkfha rEm ms,sn| kdu ;=,ska ,enQ w;a ú|Su, wmg ú{dkh lsh, lshkak mq¨jka,
fïj;a ish,a, tl f.dvg we;sfjù ke;sfjù hkakla.
oeka n,uq fuf;la fj,d wms l;d l,foa fudllao lsh,

• rEm ;snQ ksid fõokdj oekqk, uu flfkla bkakjd, j¾;udkhla .;lrkjd,

f;arekd
• ix{ ;snqk ksid ug w;S;hla ;shkjd u;lalrkak mq¨jka, wÿkkak mq¨jka,
w;S;fha;a uu ysáh ;yjqre jqkd
• ixialdr ;=, lh md,kh lrñka uu ls%hdl, yels flfkla nj f;arekd,
ixialdr Yla;sh ksl=;alr uu wkd.;hla yod.;a;

oeka fõokd ú|,, u;la lr, , wÿkf.k, l:dlr, , ls%hdlr, , is;, u;, , fï
f,dalh w;a ú|skak ú{dkh úfYaI jQ wjfndaOhla lsh, tlla ,nd ÿkakd,
uf.ka fjkajQ f,dalhla wjfndaOùu uu iy fiiq f,dalh jYfhka f,dalh oekSu
tfykï ú{dkh lshkafka folg fno, ,nk wjfndaOh
fuh ;j;a Yla;shla,
fïl we;a;gu rEm, fõokd, ix{d, ixialdr tl;=fj,d ;shk mqrel
fN!;sl Yla;s tl;=jqkdu wjldYh w,a,f.k rEm ke;skï fN!;sl iajNdjh yokjd,
jf.a fõokd ix{d ixialdr ;=k tl;= fj,d fudlo lr, ;sfhkafk
wOHd;añl iajNdjhla yo, ;shkj
ta ú{dkh kdu O¾u j, meje;aula,
fïl ;uhs Wmdodkh ùu,
fï ;=, ;uhs wms ld,h fyj;a ixidrhg ne|s, ;sfhkafka.
”uu” lsh, iEu w;aoelsulgu f,an,hla .y, uf.a lsh, f.dv.eySu,
fïjd ;=, ;uhs ”uu” yeÿfõ
oeka fudlo fN!;sl Yla;Ska ms,sn| wOHd;añl jYfhka w;aù|Su ,nkakd ”uu”
ú{dkh lsh, lshkjd
t;fldg fN!;sl;ajh lshkafk rEm
tal w;ú|su kdu ke;akï ld,h
yeu fudfyd;lu w;rla ke;sj ú{dk my, fjkjd ke;sfjkjd,

28
fï Tlafldu yefokafka ”uu” yd l,jï jqk ”uu” ;yjqre jQ Yla;Ska ;=,skauhs, oeka
”uu” bkakjd, uf.ak msg f,dalhla ;shkjd
ú{dk w;rla ke;sj we;sfjkj ke;sfjkj,
”uu” w;aú|skj hula,
tal bjr fj,d kej; ;j tllg mkskj
fï ú{dk wks;Hhs, wkd;auhs
kuq;a fuu w;rla ke;s fõ.j;a ú{dk my, ùu ;=, wmsg ks;H;djhla jegfykjd,
fï mxpialkaOh fõokd úosñka ix{d .ksñka ixialrkh lrñka fN!;sl Yla;sh ukia
Yla;sh yd uqiqj kdu rEm jYfhka tlg noaOj mj;sk wdldrhhs
fï ;uhs is;sú,a,la we;sùu ke;skï mxpialkaohla we;sùu.

fu;kos uu ys;kjd rEm fõokd j,g;a, fõokd ix{dj,g;a, ix{d ixialdr j,g;a
fya;=jQ wdldrh meyeos,s jqk;a ixialdr ú{dkhg fya;=jQ wdldrh meyeos,s jqkd uos
lsh,
fu;kos fmdä fohla oek.;af;d;a fyd|hs
fï tlsfklg fya;=fjkj lsõjdg wmsg tlmdrg fïj fjkal, yels ld, mr;rhla
fï w;aú|Sul iliaùu ;=, olskak wudrehs
tljr we;sfjk iajNdjh fmakafk
kuq;a tys tlsfklg fya;=jk iajNdjhl=;a ;shkjd
fyd|hs oeka wms ú{dk we;sùu ms,sn| ;jÿrg;a n,uq
lh fõokd ix{d fï Tlafldfï tl;=j ;uhs ys; lh jok ls%hd;aul lrkafka
fï ;=, ;uhs wfma wjidk wjfndaOh
tkï tu w;aú|Sfï wjidk {dkh
tkï w;aoelSug fya;=jkafka uu f,dalfhka fjkajkafka
fï ú{dkh ;=,ska
t;fldg fï PSú;h mqrd ,nk yeu fmdäw;aoelSula ;=,u wms f,dal iajNdjh jk
i;H jk wks;H ÿL wkd;au iajNdjh wu;l lr,
fïjd ks;Hhs uf.a lsh, ne|s, Wmdodkh fj,d ;uhs w;aoelSu ,nkafka
ta lshkafka uf.a lh, uu fõokd úoskjd,ug u;lhs, wÿkkak mq¨jka,ug l:d ls%hd
l,yels ys;kak mq¨jka, ”uu” ;uhs fï ish,a, w;aú|skafk, uf.ka fjkajQ f,dalhla
we;sfjkjd
oeka fu;k jqfka hï lsis iuia; jQ oekSï iajNdjhla tkï É;a; Yla;sh fyj;a
ne|Sï j,ska f;dr msßisÿ Yla;sh fï mxpialkaOh lshk hka;%kh yryd uu f,dalh
jYfhka folg fnÿj
fï ;uhs ld,h fN!;sl;ajhg jeáu
ukia Yla;sh lsõjyu fï folu we;a;gu whs;shs
oeka fï É;a; lshk Yla;sh ú{dk lsshk wÉpqjg od, uu lshk f,an,a tl .ykjd
fu;kos fjkafk fï msßisÿ Ylaa;sh iuia;fhka tfyuke;akï É;a;fhka fjkafj,d
ukia fjkjd Wmdodkh fjkjd
ta ;=,ska lsishï ixialrkhla õula fjkjd
oeka uQ,sl Yla;sfhka fjkia (Diffrent Band)
ta ixialrkh ;=, kej; ish uQ,sl Yla;shg .e,ú,d úfhdack fj,d hkak neß
iajNdjhlg fmr,s,d ;shkjd
fï ls%hdj,sh ;uhs ú{dkhla we;sfjk yeufudfydf;u fjkafk
É;a; ufkda ;;ajhg m;afjkjd
t;fldg f,dalh yeos, ;sfhkafka fï ufkda lshk ;;ajh
yeu fudfydf;u f,dalhla wmg we;sfjkj
ta jf.au wfma urk fudfydf; we;sjk ;;ajh wjfndaO lr.ekSu;a fuysos b;d
jákjd
oeka n,uq fï ú{dkh lfhka fjkajQ fj,djg wjidkfha we;s jQ ú{dkh ;=, tys
we;s ukia Yla;sh f,dj we;s É;a; Yla;shg tl;=ùug neß .;shla ;shkjd

29
th iuia; É;a; Yla;shg tl;=fjkak neye
fya;=j tys wmsßisÿ nj oeka É;a; fkfuhs ukia Yla;sh ta lshkafka iuia;fhka
fjkafj,d mD;ckhs
tys we;s kej; rEm yodf.k ke.sákak mq¨jka .=kh we;s ksid yeu ú{dkhlu
;shk fï Wmdodkh uu;ajh ksid oeka fudlo fjkafka
fï urkfhaoS pq;sjk ú{dkh wjidk ú{dkfha we;s ffp;islhkg idfmaÌj ta
lshkafka wjidk ú{dkh ;=, f,dj w;aoelal iajrEmhg idfmaÌj kej; rEm
yod.kakjd, fï Yla;s Wmdodkh jqkdu fudarkj talhs fï ish,a,
ñ ,.g wms n,uq mxpWmdodkialkaoh .ek,
ú{dkh u.ska w;rla ke;sj is;sú,s yokjd,
tal uu udf.a lsh,d flfkl= yodf.k,
fï f,!lsl f,dalfha bkakjd, mj;skjd.
fï yeu ú{dkhla ;=,u ;shkjd mxpialkaoh úiska ,nd .kak wruqkq ms,sn| is;sú,s
ksid my,jQ rEm fõokd ix{d ixialdr lshk tajd
tajd uuh udf.ah lsh,d Wmdodkh lsÍu ksid nodf.k ;shkjd.
oeka fudlo fj,d ;sfhkafka, fï mxpialkaoh keu;s h;%fha ksIamdok jk ta is;sú,s
iuQyh uuh udf.ah lsh, nodf.k Wmdodkh lrf.k bkak ksid, fï ksIamdok
fyj;a is;sú,s mxpWmdodk ialkaoh jYfhka mj;skjd, tl fmdoshla msxvhla jYfhka
fu;k fmdosh msxvh lsõjyu fN!;sl O¾uhka wdY%fhka l,amkd l,du wmsg ”f.dvla”
isf;a uefjkjd,
kuq;a fu;kos fmdosh lsõjdg tajd kdu O¾u,
tajd wjldIhla w,a,kafka keye,
fmak ;ekl keye, fN!;sl kso¾Ikh wjfndaOh i|dyd ùkd h;d w¾;h meyeos,s
lsÍug fhda.H keye,
fu;kos lsjhq;= ;j fohla ;shkjd iEu is;sú,a,lu “uuh” “udf.ah” lsh, fï
Wmdodkh lrk iajrEmh yeu is;lu keye,
tkï iir ÿflka ñosug lrkafka fï “uuh” “udf.ah” lshk Wmdodk iajrEmh is;sú,s
j,ska bj;a lsÍu,
t;kos ta Wmdodkh rys; is;a f,daflda;a;r .khg .efkkafka,
fu;kos m%Yakhla kef.kak mq¨jks
is;la we;sjqkd lshkafk ú|sula ke;akï f,dj yÿkd.ekSula fkao?
ta lshkafk f,daflda;a;r is;aj, ú{dkhla we;sfj,do lsh, m%Yakhla kef.kj
n,kak fuf;kaos úfYaIhla ;shkjd
fu;kos we;sjk iajNdjhg wms ú{dk lshkafk keye wms lshkafk m%{d lsh,
fï fudlo f,dalh folv lr, uu yd f,dalh lsh, fkuhs ú|skafk
tal uQ,sl {dkh tkï m%{d tys uuj;a f,dalhj;a wmsg yqremqrqÿ ú|suj;a keye ta
f,dalfhka bj;a jQ is;a
ta lshkafka f,daflda;;r is;a
wksla me;af;ka rEm ms,sn| Wmdodk ialkaOh lshkafka, fï Wmdodk ialkaoh ;=, we;s
rEmhka we;sl, yels Yla;shghs,
wms wy, ;shk úoshg rEm yefokafka wdfmda f;afcda jdfhda mGú lshk Yla;s y;r
Wmdodkh ùfuka we;sjk Wmdodkh rEm úisy;frka.
t;fldg fï Yla;s y;r ixfhda.jk wdldr fuhska woyia lrkafka, tfyukï fï
mxp Wmdodkialkao f.dfä fï rEm ieliSfï Yla;shg ;uhs rEm Wmdodk ialkao
lshkafka.
tfykï is;sú,s j, wkd.;fhaoS Yla;s y;rla Wmdodk lsÍfï Yla;sh ;shkjd
ñ,.g fõokd Wmdodkialkaoh .;af;d;a, iEu fõokdjlau uf.ah lsh, Wmdodkh lr
.ksñkqhs hkafka,
iEu is;sú,a,lu uq,u ;shk fõokdj ughs oefkkafka lsh, Wmdodkh lr.kakjd

30
kuq;a fu;kos lshkak TSks f,!lsl is;a wiQtl ú;rhs fï Wmdodkh lsh, lshkafka
f,daflda;a;r is;a wfá tal keye,
ta wfá fõokdj Wmdodkh fjkafka keye,
oeka Tkak is;a .ek l:djqk ksid ta .ek fmdä ye|skaùula lf,d;a fyd|hs lsh,
ysf;kjd,
is;a we;sfj,d ke;sfj,d hkjd,
bka¯hka yhla ;shkjd weia, lka, kdia, osj, lh, uk lsh, ,
fï jdg Yìo, .kaO, ri, j¾K, mGú, Oïu lshk tajd wruqkq fjkjd,
ta ksid bka¯hka yfhka wruqkq .kak úg yeu wruqkla .kak jdrhlg ta wruqk
ms,sn| oekSula wjfndaOhla yg.kakjd,
tal isÿfjkafka ug lsh, Wmdodkh lr .kakjd.
fïl w;rla ke;sj isÿjk ksid, ”uu” fu;k fkdlvjd bkajd
fï bka¯hka wruqkla yd .eàu ksid isÿjk oekSu ;=,ska jk w;aù|sug is;la my,
jqkd lsh,d lshkjd.
fï is;a tl tl ,Ìk wkqj fno, ;shkjd
fïl uu fufyu lshkakï
oeka .skaor lsõjyu tafla oSma;sh, riafk, oefjk iajrEmh,
fïj ffki¾.sl ,Ìk.
tajf.au tajd we;sfjkak uq,ajqk ;ek wkqj tajdfha ,Ìk fjkia fjkj
n,kak mdka ;eáhl oe,a,l .skaor, bámkaoul, ,sml, .sksfmáÜhl, f,dl=
.sksuef,al .skaor, tlasklg fjkia
Wi, uy; , mdg, wdoS jYfhka, tys ,Ìk fjkia fjkjd,
ta lshkafka, wksjd¾Hfhka ;shk ,Ìk .skafka yeu ;eku ;shkjd,
ta we;sjqk ;ek wkqj fjkia ,Ìk;a ;shkjd,
fï jdf.a is;aj,;a wksjd¾h ,Ìk álla ;shkjd, ta jf.au ta we;sjqk ;ek wkqj
fjkia fjk ,Ìk;a ;shkjd,
fï isf;a ,Ìk f.dvg ffp;isl lsh, lshkjd,
fï ffp;isl is;aj, mej;sh yels ,Ìk mkiafolla jYfhka olaj,d ;shkjd,
fï mkiafol fkdfhla ixfhda. wkqj msysgkjd,
ta ixfhda.j,
tkï ffp;isl mkiafoflka iuQyhla tl;=j tl is;la my, lrkjd, tajf.a
ixfhda.ùï wiQkuhla olaj,d ;shkjd,
fï wiQkufha, ;shk ffp;islhkag idfmaÌj ;uhs f,dj my, jkafka,
fï ixfhda. wiQkuhla tkï is;a wiQkufhka wgla ;shkjd, tajdg lshkjd f,daflda;a;r
is;a lsh,d,
tajdfha Wmdodkh keye.
tkï mxpialkaoh keu;s hka;%h ls%hd;aul fj,d we;slrk is;sú,s j,ska is;a wiQtlla
mukhs Wmdodkh f,!lsl;ajh ìysùu msksi fya;= fj,d ;sfhkafk,
tkï fï Wäka lshmq ffp;isl mkia foflka tlla ;uhs fõokdj,
fï fõokdj tkï we;sjQ ffp;isl j,ska wiQtlla is;aj,u ;sfhkafka f,!lsl;ajh
;yjqre lrk “uu” “uf.a” lsh, Wmdodkh l, fõokd
kuq;a f,daflda;a;r is;a j, fõokdj Wmdodkhg yiq fkdjk fõokdjhs.
ñ,.g ix{d .;af;d;a wr uq,ska lshmq ffp;isl fyj;a isf;ys ,Ìk mkiafoflka
;j;a tlla fï ix{dj lshkafka.
”u;lh” ug u;lhs, wÿrkak mq¨jka, fjkalr, olajkak mq¨jka lshk isf;a .=khhs
fï
fïl ;=,ska fjk fjk fõokd j,ska we;sjk ú|Su, fjka jYfhka yÿkd.kakjd.

31
fu;kos is;a wiQtll ú;rhs f,!lsl;ajh ;yjqre lrk “uu” “uf.a” lsh, Wmdodkh
l, ix{d we;sjkafka,
b;sß is;a f,daflda;a;r is;a wfgys fõokdj Wmdodkhg yiq fkdjk ix{dhs
oeka n,uq ixialdr Wmdodk ialkaOh,
fï ;uhs wr ffp;isl mkiafol
oekg folla lsõjfka,
is;aj, we;sjk b;sß mky ;uhs, ixialdr WmdokialkaOh
fïjd “uf.ah” lsh,d Wmdodkh lr.;a is;a ;uhs fï f,!lsl;ajh ìyslrkafka,
tkï f,!lsl is;a wiQtfla mukhs ixfhda.lr Wmdodk ialkaOh ;shkafka
Wmdodkhg yiq fkdjk f,dflda;a;r is;a wfgys fïjd ixialdr Wmdodk ialkaoh keye.
oeka n,uq ú{dk Wmdodk ialkaOh fudllao lsh, ,
fï ú{dk lshkafka wms uq,ska lshmq is;a wiQkuh.
fï wiQkufhka wgla ;=, Wmdodkhg yiq fkdjk úoshg ;uhs ffp;isl we;sfj,d
;sfhkafka
t;k uu ys;k úoshg ;sfhkafk ú{dk fkfuhs m%{ fjkak Tsks
uu f,dalh lsh, folv fno, tkï fN!;sl;ajh fyj;a rEm ld, fyj;a kdu
jYfhka fno, f,dj w;aú|skafk keye
tajd we;sjqkdg “uu” “uf.a” lsh, Wmdodkh fj,d keye.
kuq;a b;sß wiQtfla Wmdodk iys;hs.
fu;kos jeo.;a
Wmdodkh lshkafka f,daN ffp;islfha .=khla,
kuq;a Wmdodk ialkaOh lshkafka, fï f,!lsl jYfhka i;ajhdf.a wLkav meje;au
;yjqre lrk É;a; ffp;isl rEm lshk mrud¾; O¾uj, tl;=jhs.
oeka n,kak uq,skau mxpialkaoh .ek ne¨j,
oeka ta mxpialkaoh ls%hdldÍ ùu ;=, we;sjk is;sú,s fyj;a is;a fma,s fldfyduo
Wmdodkh úiska .e,fjkak fkdoS “uu” ‘udf.a” lsh, ;yjqre lrf.k tl ialkaOhla
jYfhka f.dv.efyk yeá,
fukak fï mxpWmdodk ialkaoh fyj;a fmdosh ;uhs Nj.dñj wkkH;djhlska hq;=j
fm!oa.,sl w;aú|Su ,ndfok kej; mxpialkaO we;slsÍug ;=vqfok fï Yla;s úfYaIh.
t;fldg fn!oaO o¾Ikfha i;ajhd hkak ú.%yfhaoS i,lmq m%Odk ixl,am folla ;uhs
mxpialkaOh yd mxpWmdodk ialkaoh
oeka fï mxpWmdokialkkaOh is;=ú,s mrïmrdj we;slrñka i;ajhdf.a meje;au úia;r
lsÍug fhdod.;a ;j;a úfYaI ixl,amhla
fïlg lshkjd mxpialkao úNd.h
t;fldg i;ajhd lshkafka mrud¾; jYfhka ke;s kdu rEm O¾u fyj;a Yla;Skaf.a
tl;=jla
ke;skï fya;= m%;aHkaf.ka we;sjk máÉpiuqmamkakj idfmaÌj ú|Sï mrmqrla
we;slrk iajNdjhla fyj;a l%ñl úldYkhla
flfi,a l|l m;=re .,jkjd jf.a fï fnoSu lr, n,kfldg b;=refjk lsisu
wrgqjla i;ajfhla ,mqoa.,fhla wd;auhla fuys keye.

32
 fidajdka u. yd M, ms,sn| úia;rhla

2-1 fidajdka ùu hkafkys f;areu l=ula o@

nqÿrcdkka jykafia úiska iQ;% foaYkd jkays fï ms,sn| oelajQ woyia wms uq,skau
ie,ls,a,g f.k n,uq
i ks $fida;dmkak j¾.fha$ idßmq;% i%;%hg wkqj fï ms,sn| b;d meyeos,s wjfndaOhla
wmg myiqfjka ,nd .kak mq¿jka ta wkqj
idßmq;a;h fida; kï ljf¾o? “iajdñkS fida;kï wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.hhs”
idßmq;a;h fida;dmkakhd kï ljf¾o? iajdñkS fida;dmkakhd kï wd¾hIaGdx.sl
ud¾.fha .ukalrkakd
fu;k idudkH jHjydrhg wkqj “ fida; wdmkak“ fyj;a lkg meñks lshkjg jvd
yd;amiskau fjkia w¾:hla ksremkh fjkjd
ñg wu;rj fï .ek;a ys;, n,kak
fï fn!oaOhd lshkafka ldgo lsh,
fn!oaOhd lshkafka fida;dm;a;s uf.ys bkakd mqoa.,hd
tkï OïudkqOïu m%;smodfjys .uka lrk mqoa.,hd
fï OïudkqOïu m%;smodj fida;dm;a;s wx.j,ska tlla
i;amqreI fiajkh,i;aO¾u Y%jkh,fhdaksfidaukisldrh, OïudkqOïu m%;smodj
fï m%;smodjka ;uhs fn!oaO m%;smodjka lshkafk
O¾udkqOïu m%;smodj Tyq rlskjdkï Tyq fn!oaOfhla
fï Oïudkq Oïu m%;smodj fudllao? ta ;uhs wd¾hIagdx.sl ud¾.h p;=rd¾H i;Hfha
wjfndaOh
ud¾. i;Hh fudllao? fï wd¾hIaGx.sl ud¾.h
fu;k fida;kï ljf¾o? fida;kï wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.hhs lsõjd
fida;dmkakhd kï ljf¾o? wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.fha .uka lrkakd
tfykï fn!oaOhdkï ljqo? OïudkqOïu m%;smodfõ hk flkd ke;skï wd¾hIaGdx.sl
ud¾.fha .uka lrkakd
tfyukï fnd!oaOhd lshkafka fï wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.fha .ukalrkakd
fjk;a úoshlg lsõfjd;a fida;dmkak u.g neiai flkd ;uhs fn!oaOhd fjkafk
n,kak fn!oaO YslaIdmo ál wrf.k tajd ;sfhkafk fldfyo
Th wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.fha,
n,kak

33
wms /lsh hq;= wßhldka; Ys,h Tsfl ;shkjd
oeka iïud jdpd .ksuq
uqidjdod,mreIdjdpd,msiqkdjdpd,iïm%mam%,dmd,
wksla me;af;ka iïud lïuka; hgf;a ;shkjd
mdkd;smd;d,woskakdodkd,ldfïiqñÉpdpdrd,
b;ska i ks fida;dmkak ixhq;sfha$ fõ¨oajdr i%;%h wrka n,kak
Th ;uhs wßh ldka; Ys,h lshkafk.
hfula Th YS,h rlSo, nqÿka oyï i.=ka flf¾ we;s .=k oek meyefoao,
fya fidajdka lsh, i%;% rdYshlu b;d meyeos,sj lsh,d ;shkjd
ta lshkafk hfula fï YslaIdmo rlSkï
Tyq wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.fha .uka lrkafkla
Tyq fidajdka uf.a bkafk
Th ;uhs OïudkqOïu m%;smodj
fï wkqj fn!oaO m%;smodj Tslkï hfula th ms,smoSkï fya fidajdka
tfykï fn!oaOfhla lshkafk fidajdka uf.a hk mqoa.,fhla
ta lshkafka hfula wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.fha hkjd kï Tjqka ta YsÌd moál rlskaku
Tsks
kslïu Th ud¾.hla f;dardf.k YsÌdmo rlskak neyefk
Tjqka ta oyu ms,s wrka wp, úYajdihla we;slr.kak Tsks
tfykï ta oyu lsõj tlaflkd .ek fldfydu;a iel we;sfjkafka keyefk
fï lshkafka nqÿka, oyï flf¾ .=k oek we;sjk wp, úYajdih
wks;a me;af;ka wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.h flf¾ wp, úYajdih ;shkjd kï
wd¾h Y%djlhka flf¾ ta uf.ys hkakka flf¾ lsisu ielhla ;sfhkak neyefk
fudlo Tjqka fï u. .sys,a,d .e,jqkd tal wms okakjd
Tjqka ta u. .syska úuqla;sh ,enqjd wms tal úYajdilrkjd ta úYajdih wp,hs
tfykï wmsg;a ta u. yß
oeka n,kak wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.fha hkflkd
wßhldka; Ys,h rlskjd nqÿka, oyï, i.=ka flf¾ wp, úYajdYh ;shkjd
ta ksid ;uhs ta u. hkafka
ta ksid meyeos,sj ;s%úO r;akh flf¾ wp, úYajdih we;sflkd w¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.fha
hkjd, wßh ldka; YS,h rlskjd Tyq tfykï OïudkqOïu m%;smodfõ hkjd
Tyq fidajdka, Tyq fn!oaOfhla
tfykï nqÿrcdkka jykafia fï jdf.a whg ;uhs lsõfj Tn Tngu m%ldI lrkak Tn
fidajdka nj
wksla me;af;ka fidajdka lshkafk fida; wdmkak fyj;a lkg meñks lshk tlfk
b;ska lkg meñfkkafk fudkjdo? fï O¾uh
fudllao fï O¾uh? wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.h
wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.h lkg meñfkk fldg uq,skau fudllao fjkafk? ;ud ork u;
oDIaá, o¾Ik, udkisl ms,s.ekSï fjkia fjkjd
fï fudllao fjkafka?
iïud osáÜh we;sùug mgkaf.k fkdfjhso?
Tyqg wykak ,efnkjd fï i;ajhdf.a we;sùu, meje;au, ksiairkh
fï ksid wms uq,skau i|yka l,d jf.a nqÿka, oyï, i.=ka flf¾ wp, úYajdih
we;sfjkjd
oDYaáh msßisÿ fjkjd oeka fï lshk oyï ud¾.hg msúis,d
oDYaáh msßisÿ ksid fudlo fj,d ;sfhkafk
iïud ixlmamh hym;a ixl,amkdjka we;sfjkak mgka wrka
oeka iïud ixlmamh l=ulao lsh, n,uq
biafi,a,du n,kak fklaLïu ixlmamh
fï fudllao? kslauhdu

34
fu;kos wms l:dlrkafk f,!lsl wd¾h wIaGdx.sl ud¾.h úkd f,daflda;a;r
wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.h fkfjhs
tfykï f,!lsl jYfhka kslafukafk fudkjdhskao?
;ud i;= hï hï foa wkqkag fokjd,ta jf.au ojila is,a .kakj,
;udg fkdfhla jevlr.kak ;shk ojila ish,a, w;yer, is,a rlskjd
n,kak
wkqka fjkqfjka Y%uh lemlrkjd
fudlla ksido? fklaLïu ixl,amkdj ksid
fï ;udg ;shk ish,a, w;ayßkak biafi,a, ;udg mq¨jka mukska wkqkag oS,
hï w;yeÍula lrkjd
fu;k f,!lsl wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.fha fklaLïuh
ish,a, w;ayerhdu meúosùu fkfjhs ;du, wms t;rï ÿr .syska keye
fï fudllao? fklaLïuh
oeka n,kak wms fokak mqreÿfj,d
wmsg fmdä fmdä foaj,a w;yßkak mq¨jks
oeka ys;kak, Tfì fudkjyß ke;sjqkd lsh,d
oeka fï uf.a hk ñksidg ;ry hkjdo? keye
fï fudllao fjkafk, wjHmdo ixlmamh jefvkjd
talg fklalïuh fya;=fj,d
Th fmdä fmdä foaj,a j,g flaka;s hk tl fyd|gu wvqfj,d
oeka Th fmdä fohla ke;sjqkd lsh, ;ry.sys,a,d ldgj;a ysxidldÍ fjkafk keye
oeka fudllao
oeka Tfì l,amkdjka fudkjf.ao? oeka O¾uh lkg meñks,d hï o¾Ikhla oDIaáhla
we;sfj,d, f,dalh i;ajhd .ek f;afrkak mgka wrka ,fyñka fïjfha ksire nj oeks,
w;ayßkak mgka wrka, odk udk fokjd, Okh Y%uh wkqkafjkqfjka jehlrkjd,
oSu ksid we,Su wvqfj,d fmdä fmdä foaj,a ke;sjqkdg wvqmdvqlï jqkdg ;ry hkafk
keye
Tyq oeka lsisu ñksfil=g lrorhla ysxidldÍ njla mSvdlsÍula lrkafk keye
b;du wysxilhs
fï fudllao? wúysxid ixlmamh jeãuhs
tkï l,amkdjka b;du wysxilhs
oeka Tn fï hkafka fudk ud¾.fhao? wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.fha
m,uqj iïud osáÜh we;sjqkd, ta ksid hym;a l,amkdj;a tkï iïud ixlmamh
we;sjqkd
isf;ys we;s hï hï udkisl ms,s.ekSï fjkiafjkak mgka wrka
isf;ys hï .=k iajNdjhka jefvkak mgka wrka
isf;ys ;snqkq ;j;a iajNdjhka ke;sfjkak mgka wrka
fuu isf;ys iajNdjhka fjkiaùu fjkalr, l:dlrkak neye
fïl tlla
fudllao fï tl? isf;ys .=k iajNdjhkaf.a we;sjk fjkialï
fï fjkafka l=ulao? isf;a iajNdjh fjkiaùu
oeka fï Tn wkq.ukh lrkafk l=ulao? OïudkqOïu m%;smodj, fn!oaO m%;smodj
oeka B,.g n,kakfld iïud jdpd
fï fudllao? hym;a jpk l;dlsÍu
n,kak
;ud i;= foaj,a fokjd, iïm;a jia;+ka flfrys wef,kafk keye,
fndre lsh lshd hï hï foaj,a w;am;a lr.kak ;rï l,amkdjla ys;la we;sfjkafk
keye
oeka is; wysxilhs,;ry hkafk keye,w;yßkak leu;shs

35
fï ;;ajh ksid fla,ï lsh lshd wkqkaf. foaj,a lvd jvd .kak, fldgjkak ;rï
l,amkdjla tkafka keye, ;ry hkafka keye
wúysxid ixl,amkdjka ksid mreIjpk lshfjkafku keye
oeka ál ál hym;a oDIaáh, hym;a l,amkdj we;sfj,d
fï ksid jpkh md,kh fj,d
;ek ;ek iïm%mam,dm lsh lshd weúosk tl f;areula keye lshk tl thd okakjd,
oeka iïud jdpd iïmQ¾khs fkao?
fï oyu fkfjhso oeka lkg weú;a ;sfhkafk? O¾uh fï OïudkqOïu m%;smodj.
ñ,.g n,kakfld iïud lïuka;
fï fudllao? mdkd;smd;d, woskakdodkd, ldfïiqñÉpdpdrd j,ska f;dr ls%hdj, kshe,Su
oeka n,kakfld
fyd| oDIaáhla l,amkdj,a we;sfj,d, jok md,kh lrkak yqrefj,d
oeka fï mqoa.,hdf.a we,Sï wvqhs, fndfydu wúysxilhs
Tyq w;ska i;aj >d;khla fjhso? keye
Tyq wkqkaf.a cSú;hla ke;slrkjd ;shd wkqkag fmdä lrorhla lrkakj;a hkafk
keye
jpkfhkaj;a ysßyerhla fkdù bkak thd W;aidy lrkafk
fï n,kak oeka woskakdodkh…. wkai;=foa .kak tl
;ud i;=foa wkqkaf.a hym; i|yd fokak thd leu;shs
we,Sï wvqlrf.k hkafk, is; oshqkqlrñka hkafk, b;sx Tyq wkqkaf. foaj,a .kak
hhso?
ñ,.g n,kak ldfïiqñÉpdpdrd
fï hym;a ixl,amkd ksid we,Sï ;=kS lrñka hkafka
fï lshkafka Tyq ,. ;shkjd meyeos,s oDIaáhla
fï f,dalfha ksire nj .ek b¯hka ika;¾mkh fkfuhs fï f,dafl lsh,
oeka thdg fyd|g jegfykjd
Tyq ldufha jrojd yeisfrkafk keye
n,kak
fï ;uhs iïud lïuka; jeros jev lrkafk keye
oeka n,uq iïud jdhdu
fï iïud oDIaáh iïud ixlmamh, iïud jdpd, iïud lïuka;h fïl ud¾.hla,
is; hjkak yok w¨;a ud¾.hla, fï ud¾.fha ljodj;a is; .syska keye
fïl álla wudre ud¾.hla
oeä W;aidyhlska l,hq;af;a
tfykï fï wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.hg,OïudkqOïu m%;smodjg is; .kak lrk W;aidyh
;uhs fï iïud jdhdu
oeä W;aidyhla ke;sj fuf;la ixidrh mqrd ys; mqyqkqlr ;shk,
ñ;Hd oDIaá, ñ;Hd ixlmam, ñ;Hd jpk, ñ;Hd l¾udka; j,ska ños, fï hym;a
ud¾.hg msúfikak neye
oeka n,kak
fï hym;a ud¾.hg msúiSu ksid we;slr .;a kj cSú;h,
isf;a fï kj meje;au,fï w¨;a cSú;h iïud wdcSjhhs
oeka n,kak
fï yeu wx.hlau wks;a wx. j,g fya;=fjñka, fya;=m, jYfhka mqoa.,hd hym;a
lrñka, fyd| cSú;hlg wdjd
fïjdf.a hym;a cSú;hla we;slr.kak Tlafldgu uq,ska
mqoa.,fhl= .dj ;sfhkak TSks l=ulao? iïud i;sh…. isysh… ;udlrk jefä ms,sn|
oeä wjOdkh
wms fudllao fï lrkafka? is; hï ud¾.hl f.kshkakfk yokafk,

36
isf;a iajNdjh fudllao? ;;amrhlg oi oyia jdr fõ.fhka fjkia fjkjd,tfy
fufy mkskjd,
wms oeka hï ud¾.hl is; hjkak yokafk
isf;a iajNdjh wkqj tfy fufy mkskj,ta lshkafk ud¾.fhka msg mkskj
fï ud¾.fhka msg is; mkskafk ke;sj ;shd .kak kï, ;udf.a isysh ;sfhkak TSk
oeka uu kshu ud¾.fha hkafk oeka uu ud¾.fhka msg hkafk lsh,
ud¾.hg neiai ;ek b|, wmsj yßmdfr f.kshkafk ljqo?
fï iïud i;shhs
fïl ke;sj m%;smodj,a mqrkak neye
oeka n,kak wms w¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.fha wx. y;la .ek lsõjd
fï y; Tn ms,s.kakjd kï, ta ms,sn| Tn tl.kï,
tal Tn hkak Tsk ud¾.h m%;smodj fia .kakjd kï,
ta ;uhs iïud iudêh
oeka Tn fï ud¾.h ms,sn| hï tl.;djhlg weú;a,
ke;skï fï ud¾.fha fuf;la ÿr tkafk keyefk,
ta lshkafk Tn wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.fha oeka hkafk
is; oshqkq lrk hym;ajQ ud¾.fha ;uhs hkafk
fï f,daflda;a;r iudê .ek fkdfjhs uu l;dlf,a
f,!lsl iudêh .ek
fu;k mD;ckhdg meyeos,s f,iu nqÿrcdkka jykafia lshmq
f,!lsl wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.hla ;shkjd fidajdka m,h f;la tkak
tal u ks $ Wmßmkakdilfha$ wkqmo j¾.fha$ uyd p;a;dÍil i%;%fha b;du meyeos,sj
;shkjd
fïl ud¾.hla, wx. wglska hq;a;hs
fïl fkd.eTqf¾ b|, fyñka .eTqrg hkafk
nysk ;ek fkd.eTqrehs
ta ;uhs f,!lsl wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.h
ta uf.a .syska m,uqj fidajdka fjkak TSfk
t;k boka wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.h f,daflda;a;r ;;ajhg tkafk.
oeka iïud osáÜh fjkia…. f,daflda;a;rhs
fufyu fyñka .eTqrg hk u.la fïl
fl,skau .eTqrg mkskak neye
oeka wms mgka.;af; fida; lshkafk l=ulao? t;kos wms oelal oeka fida; lshkafka
wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.hhs
fid;dmkakhdkï ta uf.ys .uka lrkakd lsh,
oeka wms fida;dmkak hkafkys w¾: ú.%yh fjk;a wdldrhlg f;areï .kak W;aidy
lruq
fida; fyj;a fidajdka hkak fufia f;areï l, yel
tlla
fida; fyj;a iev myr'
’l=uk iev myrla o@¶ ’ksjk¶ keu;s iev myrg
'’wdmkak¶ fyj;a yiqjQ tkï ksjk kue;s iev myrg yiqjQ

ke;skï
’ fida; fyj;a ’lkg¶ ’wdmkak¶ fyj;a meñks'
l=ula o fï meñks,d ;sfhkafka@ O¾uh lkg meñks
meñk

ta jf.au os ks $ w.a.[a[ i%;%fhka

hk fida;dmkakhd hkqfjka y÷kajkafka
’uqLf;d cdf;d¶ - láka Wmka
’Oïufcd¶ - O¾ufhka Wmka

37
’Oïu kSïñf;d¶-
ñf;d¶- O¾ufhka ks¾udkh lrk ,o jYfhka
;jo fndfyda i%;%j,"
mD:.ackhd y÷kajd oS we;af;a
’wiaiq;jd mq:qcacfkd¶
ta jf.au wd¾h Y%djlhd y÷kajkafka
’iq;jd wdßhidÉjfld¶
tkï nk weiqfõ wd¾h Y%djlhd o nK fkdweiqfõ mD:.ackhd o jYfhka
ta jf.au u ks uq, mKaKdilfha$ uQm mßhdh j¾.fha$ iìndij i%;%hg wkqj'
ish¨u wdY%j ixjr lrk l%u w;r oiaikfhka my l, hq;= ixfhdack w;rg
ilaldh osáÜh"úÉlsÑpdj"iS,ìn; mrdudi olaj,d ;shkjd'
fï ;=k fida;dmkakfhl= ùug my l< hq;= ixfhdack ;=khs
tfyukï fï fn!oaO b.ekaùï o¾YKh lr.kak kï
nK wykak ´ks ke;skï lshj,d oek.kak ´ks
tfyukï ish¨ wdY%j ke;slrkak hk'
fï .ufka m,uq mshjr ;uhs" fn!oaO b.ekaùï o¾Ykh lsÍu ke;skï nK weiSu
fyda lshùu" fï ;=,ska fidajdka jkak mq¨jks'
wksla me;af;ka b;sß wdY%jhka mylrkak wkq.ukh lrkak lsh, ;sfhkafka"
i;s ixjrh" {dk ixjrh"Ìdka;s ixjrh"iS, ixjrh"ù¾h ixjrh" fndcacx. u.
oshqKq lsÍu
tfyukï fida;dmkak fjkak kï" fï i;s" iudê" úo¾Ikd Ndjkd fï fldhslg;a
biafi,a,d"fï fn!oaO b.ekaùu o¾Ikh lr.kak ´ks
tal ;uhs fidajdka lshkafka'
Bg miafi ;uhs kshu úêhg ;s%úO r;akh flf¾ wfjÉpmamidoh we;sfjkafka
bkamiqj ;ud hdhq;= ud¾.h ms,sn| ksjeros jegySula we;sfjkafk
fuf,iska fidajdka hk jpkfhys f;areu úúO wdldrhg úia;r lrkak mq¨jks

2-2 i;r fida;dm;a;s wx. fudkjdo?

fudkjdo
i;r fida;dm;a;s wx. .ek idlÉpd jk i%;% foaIkd lsysmhla ;shkjd
bka m%Odk i%;%hla jk i.ks ks./ fida;dm;a;s ixhq;sfha
fha$ÿ;sh idßmq;a; i%;%h n,kak ta
wkqj
i;amqreI fiajkh
ioaO¾u Y%jkh
kqjkska fufkys lsÍu ^fhdaksfida ukisldrh&
Oïudkq O¾u m%;smodj^lshkúg O¾uhlau lshhs, l,amkdlrkúg O¾uhu
l,amkdlrhs,folu yer WfmaÌdfjka bkakúg isyskqjk we;sj jdih lrhs& jYfhka
olaj,d ;shkjd
fuu lrekq y;r ne¨jyu m%:ufhka hful=g i;amqreI fiajkh we;sfjkjd lshkafka
Tyqg ioaO¾uh Y%jkh lrkak ,efnk tl
Tyqg wvqjYfhka m; fmd;ska yß i;H O¾uh f,dal iajNdjh l=ulao lsh, wykak
,efnkjd
oeka Tyq kqjkska fufkyslrkjd fï lshk lshjk tajd yßo jeroso ;ud ;=,g od,
f,dalh yd ii|,d n,kjd
fuysoS i;Hh ms,sn| hï jegySula we;sfjkjd fï O¾uh ms,sn| hï i¾Odjla
we;sfjkjd
oeka Tyq ksrdhdifhkau O¾uhg wkqj m%;smod rlskak W;aidy .kakjd
Tyq ;=, i¾Odj jefvkjd fï wx. y;ru i¾Odj jvjk wx.
fï ksid ;uhs i.ksks.$bka¯sh ixhq;sfha$iqoaol j¾.fha $osáGìn i%;%fha h meyeos,sj i|yka
fj,d ;sfhkafka
i;r fida;dm;a;s wx. msysg,d ;sfhkafka ioaOd b¯sfha lsh,d

38
uu fu;kos fmkajkak W;aidy lf,a hym;a ñksiqkaf.a fiajkh ;=,ska ;udg fkdoekSu
fida;dm;a;s wx. ;ud;=, iïmQ¾k fjkak i¾Odj jefvkak th fya;=jk njhs

2-3 Tn lshkafka fida;dmkak fjkak m,uqj nK wikak ´k lshk tl

o@
Tõ yßhgu yß
biafi,a,u nK wykak ´k'
wo yq.la fofkla nqÿiiqkg"fï m%;smodjg we;=,a ù iir ÿla ke;slrf.k ksjka
oelSug leue;af;ka bkakj
kuq;a" Tjqka fï i;H ud¾.hg we;=¨ùug nhlska bkakj
talg fya;=j uq,a mshjr b;du .eTqre fldg ;uhs yeu ;eku lshfjkafka
fï ud¾.hg msúfik l%u folla meyeos,sju ;shkj

1'iu: mq¾jdx.u úo¾YKh

fï l%uh nqÿ mfia nqÿ W;=uka,d wkq.ukh l, l%uh

fïlg biafi,a,d iS,fha msysg,d mQ¾K iudêhla ,ndf.k úo¾YKd jeãu l,
hq;=hs
fï i|yd m%{dj yd ù¾hh hkak uq,gu wjYHhs
fuh ;rul wudre l%uhla

2'úo¾YK mQ¾jdx. iu;h

nqÿ iiqk mj;sk ful,'

fuhg b;du iqÿiqhs'
fudlo m%{j ke;sj Y%Ëdfjka fï .uk hkak mq¨jka'
fuh b;du myiq ir, l%uhla'

fuys oS lkg oyu jeà o¾YKh ù nqÿka oyï iÕ=ka flf¾ wfjÉpmamidoh
we;slrf.k ke;skï iïud osáÜ we;slrf.k ;uhs Oïudkq Oïu m%;smodj
wdrïN lrkafk'

2-4 wdßhldka; Ys,h hkq l=ula o@

fuys m%Odk jYfhka ;sfhkafka lfhka isÿjk iy jpkfhka isÿjk jeros j,ska je,lS
isáuhs
wd¾hhka leu;s iS,h fuys is,a mo y;hs'

1'i;=ka fkdueÍu

2'fidrlï fkdlsÍu

3'lduh jrojd fkdyeisÍu

4'fndre fkdlSu

5'fla,dï fkdlSu

39
 6'mreI jpk fkdlSu

7'ysia m%,dm fkdfoãu

2-5 fuys m%udohg fya;= jk iqrdfïrfhka je,lSu ke;af;a l=ula ksid o@

“iqrdfïrh ucacmud” lshk YslaId moh wßhldka; YS,hg we;=,;a fj,d ke;af;a
wehs?
fïl ú.%yh fohdldrj lshkak mq¨jka
tlla ;uhs
fïl n,kak
oeka mdkd;smd;d, wo;a;dodkh,ldfïiqñÉpdpdrd,uqisjdod, msiqkdjdpd, mreIdjdpd,
iïm%mam%,dmd fkdlrk flfkla, hï iS,hla rlskak W;aidy lrk flfkla
ksjeros oDIaáhla we;slrf.k OïudkqOïu m%;smodfõ hk flfkla, wßhldka; YS,h
rlsk flfkla,fudyq m%udohg fya;=jk iqrdmdkh lrhs lsh, ys;kak wudrehs
wks;a me;af;ka fukak fu;k n,kak
uiamsksi i;=ka ueÍu, uiamsksi i;=ka úlskSu, wúwdhqO ;ekSu yd úlsksu, úI ;ekSu
yd úlskSu fï fudkjdo? ñ;H l¾udka;
t;fldg f,!lsl wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.hg ms,smka flkd iïud lïuka;fh kshf,kafk
Tyq ji úi yokafk;a keye, úl=kkafk;a keye
fudlo fï wkHhkag whym;la jk ksid
tfykï ;udgu whym;la jk fï úI mdkh lrhso?
uu ys;kafk keye tfyu fjhs lsh,
thd iqrd mdúÉÉ lrhs lsh,
tfyukï Tyq fndkafk keye
ta lshkafk fï YsÌdmoh fudk wdldrfhka l;d l,;a
fï wßhldka; YS,h we;=f, ;shkjd
fmdävla ;¾l lr, n,kak
kuq;a nqÿka fidajdka fjkak relsh hq;= YsÌdmo w;rgu
iqrdmdkh;a we;=,;a jk f,i foaYkd l, iQ;% ;shkjd
n,kak
i ksa$ .Dym;s j.a.fha$ mxpNh fNarj iQ;%h.

2-6 nqÿka oyï

oyï i.=kaflf¾ .=k oek we;sjk wp, úYajdYh hkqfjka
woyia lrkafka l=ulao?
fu;k nqÿka oyï i.=ka úIfhys .=k oek we;sjk wp, úYajdih lsõjyu úfYaIhla
;shkj
wms fuf;la fj,d oyu .ek l:dl,d
ta lsõfj fï i;ajhdf.a we;sùu, meje;au, ksiairkh .ek
fuu oyu ;uhs lkg meñfkkafka
fï oyu flf¾ wmg wp, úYajdih wdfj úfYaI fya;= lsysmhla ksid,
ta ;uhs fï oyfu ;shk .=k
ta .=k ;sfnk yskao ;uhs fï wp, úYajdih we;sfjkafka
ta jf.au fï oyfu ta .=k ;shkjdo lsh, wms oek.kak;a Tsks t;fldg ;uhs fï
wp, úYajdih we;sfjkafk
oeka n,uq fï oyfu .=k fudkjdo lsh,,

40
m,uqj lshkak Tsks fï oyu lshkafka i;ajhdf.a we;sùu, meje;au, ksiairkh ms,sn|
foaYs; O¾u
fï .ek ;uhs l:dlrkafka fu;k,
fï O¾u ms,sn| oek .;a;yu, i;ajhd .ek oek .kakjd,
tfukau fï ÿla f.dfvka ksoyia fjk yeá oek .kakjd,
O¾uh ms,sn| úpdrh jeä jkak jeäjkak fï O¾ufha we;s .=k olskj, wjfndaOh
jeäfjkjd,
túg fï lshk O¾ufha .=k oek ta flf¾ meyefokjd
tfykï fudkjo fï .=k “ia iajdlaLd;”
d; kï .=kh
fï nqÿrcdkka jykafia úiska foaYs; O¾ufha ldgj;a mqrjkak ysveiakeye
wvqjla keye, uq, ueo w. iïmQ¾khs
;j flfkl=g lshkak fohla b;sßfj,d keye
i;ajhd ms,sn| lsjhq;= ish¨ foau lsh, ;shkjd
fïl ;uhs “ia iajdlaLd;”
d; .=kh
fï oyu ms,sn| kHdhd;aul me;a; bf.k f.k, OïudkqOïu m%;smodjg neiaiyu
oyu yd .efgkak .efgkak ;udg wjfndaO fjkjd fïl iïmQ¾k O¾uhla, ldgj;a
tl;=lrkak fohla tys ke;s nj
ñ,.g “ikaikaosáGsl” kï jQ .=kh .ek lshkjd kï
fuys woyi ;uhs
fï O¾uh wkqka lshk foa wyf.k bo, tfyu fohla ;sfhkak mq¨jka ;uhs ug
fkdf;arekdg lsh, wkqudk lr lr f;areï.; hq;= O¾uhla fkdfjhs
fï lshfjk O¾ufhka úia;r lrkafka fudllao? i;ajhd .ek ta lshkafka ;ud .ek
tfykï ;u ;ud úiskau m%;HÌlr .; yels O¾uhla fïl
wkqudk jYfhka ys;, f;areï .kak òks tlla fkfuhs
;udgu n,d.kak mq¨jka tlla
ikaosáGsl” lshkafka oyfï ;sfhk fï .=khghs
“ika
wks;a me;af;ka ne¨jyu fï kjf,daflda;a;r O¾u j,ska isÿfj,d ;sfhkafk isf;a
jeäu
iifrka wE;afj,d ksjk lrd wefok wdldrhs
;u ;udf.a ika;dkfha f,daN fodai fuday ;=kS fj,d hk tl
tal ;ukag fjk fohla, ;ud w;aú|sk fohla
taksid tys iel keye, ;ukag n,d.kak mq¨jks ta ksid ikaosáGslhs
ñ,.g n,uq “wld,s
wld,sl” .=kh ms,sn|j
wld,slhs lshkafka fï i;ajhd ms,sn| lshkfoa f;areï f.k OïudkqOïu m%;sm;a;shg
neye, ,
wms ys;uq fidajdka ud¾. É;a;hla my, jqkd lsh,,
túgu fidajdka m,É;a;h;a ta iu.u my, fjkjd.
ta iu.u ilaldh oDYaá, úÉlsÉpdj,iS,ìn; mrdudi lshk ixfhdack O¾u fyj;a
iirg n|jk m%Odk kQ,a leä,d hkjd
fï ixfhdack O¾uhka i;= laf,aI we;slsÍfï Yla;sh iyuq,ska ke;sj hkjd
fï ksid fudlo fjkafka wmd.;ùug fya;=úh yels is;a we;slrk laf,aIhka
iyuq,ska ke;sfjkjd
ta ne|Su levqk ksid w;S;fhaoS lrk,o wmd.;úh yels Yla;sfh we;s ixialdr j,o
tu Yla;sh ke;sfjkjd
oeka ljodj;a i;r wmd.;fjkafk keye
fï fudllao lshkafka, fï O¾ufha ;shk m%;sm;a;s j,g lsisfjla neiafid;a
m%;sm, tklï n, n,d bkak òks keye
ta fudfydf;u m,fokjd fï “wld,swld,sl” .=khhs
oeka n,uq “ta
taysmiaisl” .=kfhys w¾:h

41
fï lshkafk l=ulao? “tj n,j”
weú;a n,kak lsh, òku flfkl=g lshkak mq¨jka O¾uhla
fïl wjfndaOlrf.k m%;smodj,a wkq.ukh lf,d;a wksjd¾Hfhkau f,daflda;a;r
;;ajhg m;afjkjd
òku flfkl=g nh ke;sj weú;a n,kak lsh, lshkak mq¨jka
wkHhka fufyhjkak mq¨jka lsisu ielhla ke;s oyula
hula weiSfuka, oelSfuka, ls%hdjg ke.Sfuka, m%fhdackhla ke;skï, kmqrla isÿfõkï
ta flka jevla keye
ta oyu wkq.ukh lrkak lsh, ldgj;a lshkak n,lrkak neye
kuq;a fï oyu nh ke;=j weú;a n,kak lshkak mq¨jks
th weiSu oelSu ls%hdjg ke.Su ;=ka ld,hgu m%fhdackj;a
Tsmkhsl” .=kh
“Ts
fïfl woyi l=ulao?
fudk mß;Hd.hla lr, yß ;u isf;ys Wmojd.kak ják ;rï O¾uhla fï oyu
lshk tlhs fï TSmkhsl .=kh lshkafka
fl;aj;= , OkOdkH, weu;slï, rclï, cSú;h jqj;a mß;Hd. lr, Wmojd.kak yok
fï oyu l=ulao?
fï Nj.dñ;ajh ke;slr, ÿl ioygu ke;slr fï oyu isf;a Wmojd .ekSu jákafka
keoao? fukak fï ;rï .=khla fï oyfu ;shkjd
fï ;uhs “TS
TSmkhsl” .=kh

mÉp;a;x fõos;ìn”
“mÉp;a ìn .=kh
fï lshkafka l=uk .=khla .eko?
fïl wkqka.dj ne|, ;shk m,okdjl ,iaik n,kjd jf.a tfyu fkfjhs,
fï oyu iajika;dkfha Wmojdf.k tys rih ;udgu úosh yels oyula fï oyu
;u ika;dkfhys f,daN, oafõI, fuday fldmuklg ;=kSùo,
Bg idfmaÌj ;udgu fï oyfuys rih úosh yels .=khla fuu oyfuys ;shkjd

wms fuf;la fj,d l:dlf,a fudkjd .eko? fï O¾ufhys .=k,

oeka O¾uh l=ulao? i;ajhdf.a we;sùu, meje;au, ke;sùu .ek foaYs; O¾ufk
fuys fjkia fkdjk i;H y;rla .ek lsh, ;sfhkafka
tys .=k oek.kakg oek.kakg ta flfrys wp, úYajdih we;sfjkjd
fïl yßhg fï jf.a,
f,vlg ;shk fnfy;la jf.a,
f,fä iajNdjh,fnfy;aj, iajNdjh,ta fnfy;aj, ;shk úYajdijka; nj,
ta fì;a wdfhu;a ;jfjfola .djg .sys,a, yoj .kak Tsks keye
fïl ìõfjd;a taflka ikSmfõú lsh, ;udgu f;afrkjd
tafì;a îmq fj,dfj bo, .=k ,efnkj
fï fì; .ek Tsk flfkl=g .kak lsh, nh ke;=j ks¾foaY lrkak mq¨jks
fïl ;udu fì;a î, ta .=kh Wmojdf.k, ta fnfyf;a iqjh úoskak Tsks
fï fìf; .=k ;sfhkafk f,fä m%udkh wkqj
f,fä állakï ;sfhkafka jyd iqjh ,nk nj oefkkjd
fukak fï wdldrhg f,fäg fï fì; yßhg yßhkjd lsh,
fìf;a .=k oek wp, úYajdih we;sfjkjd jf.a
O¾ufha .=koek fï O¾uh flf¾ wp, úYajdih we;sfjkafka
fï O¾uh fidhdf.k .syska fujka jákd .=k rdYshlska msß i;ajhdf.a we;sùu,
meje;au, ksiairkh ms,sn| kHdh m%;smodjka jYfhka úia;r lr we;s fï oyu we;s
.=k oek meyefok fldg fï oyu foaYkdl, nqÿrcdkka jykafia .ek fldmuk
meyeosula we;sfjkak Tskso?

42
ta jf.au fï oyu foaYkdl, flkdg fudk;rï .=k iïNdrhla ;sfhkak we;so?
i;ajhd.ek fu;rï jákd jQ iajdlald; .=kfhka fyì,wld,sl .=kfhka fyì,
taysmiaisl .=kfhka fyì fï oyu foaYkd lrkak
tu .=kh ;snqk ksid ;uhs nqÿrcdkka jykafiag fï oyu fidhkak mq¨jka jqfka

fudkjdo fï .=k nqÿrcdkka jykafiag ;snqk

m%:ufhkau wms “wryx
wryx”
wryx .=kh .ek n,uq
fuys woyi iqÿiq ;eke;a;d hkqhs
l=ula i|yd iqÿiq ;eke;a;do? ish¨ oÌskd ms,s.ekSug iqÿiq ;eke;a;d lshk woyi
oÌskd lshkafk fudkjdo? wkd.;fha f,!lsl jYfhka f,daflda;a;r jYfhka Wiia m,
n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjka m%odkh lrk ÉjrdoS m%;Hh ;uhs oÌskd lshkafka
t;fldg fï oÌsk ms,s.ekaùu ;=,ska, ta n,dfmdfrd;a;= bIaGlr.ekSug iu;a fjkjd
;;d.;hka jykafiag tu Wiia n,dfmdfrd;a;= uqÿka muqkqjd,kak iu¾:lï ;sfhkafka
l=ula yskaoo? Ys, iudOHdoS uyd .=kialkaOhka f.ka hqla; ksid
ish¨ flf,ia ÿrefj,d ryiskaj;a mjla isÿfjkafka keye
fu;rï uyd .=k ialkaOhlska msß,d
fu;rï jQ ják oyula foaYkd l, ;;d.;hka jykafia i;=jQ ;j;a .=khla ;uhs
iïud iïnqoaO” .=kh
“iïud
lsisu ;ekl jeros ke;sj
fkdmeyeos,s ;eka ke;sj ;ud úiskau w;aoel
lsisu flfkl=f.a Wmfoia rys;j
;ud úiskau fï oyu wjfndaO lr .;af;
fï ksid iïud iïnqoaO fjkafk
ñ,.g n,uq “úcaúcacdprK”
dprK iïmkak kï .=kh l=ulao lsh,
wms uq,ska i|yka lf,a oyfuys .=k
fumukjQ .eTqre oyula foaYkdl, nqÿrcdkka jykafia g
fldmuk jQ úoHdjkaf.ka iukaú; fjkak weoao
ta jf.au úuqla;sh lrd hk .ukla ;uhs ;;d.;hka jykafia foaYkd lf,a
fï ud¾.hlhs .uk hkafka
ud¾.fhys hkak mdo ;sfhkak Tsk
ta ;uhs prk fyj;a mdo
tkï ksjka ,eîug Wmldrjk YS,doS.=kO¾u iuQyhhs
iajdlalHd; wLd,sl tysmiaisl .=khkaf.ka hq;= oyula foaYkdl, flfkl=g
fudk;rï oekSï iïNdrhla fudk;rï YS, .=koyï iïNdrhla ;sfhkak we;ao?
uu fïjd fufyu idrdxY lr, lshkakï
;s%úoHdj

• ;ukaf.a yd wkqkaf.a biair bmo isá cd;s ms,sfj,ska kdu f.d%a;%doS jYfhka
lsjyels {dkh mQ¾fõksjdidkqiauD;s {dkh
• iq.;s ÿ¾.;sj,ska pq;ù l¾udkqrEmj kej; Njhla w,a,d.kak i;ajhka
olskak mq¨jka {dkh fï osìnplal= {dkh
• kshu f,i p;=rd¾H i;Hh oel ish¨ flf,ia kid ksjk u;=lr.;yels
{dkh w¾y;aud¾. {dkh

;j;ekl fï úoHd lshk tl wYaG úoHd jYfhka olaj,d ;shkjd tajd ;uhs

1.b¾êúO {dkh
2.osìn fida; {dkh
3.mrÉ;a; úPdkk {dkh
4.mqìfì ksjdidkqiai;s {dkh

43
 5.osìn plaLq {dkh
6.wdY%jÌhlr {dkh
7.úo¾Ykd {dkh
8.ufkdafï b¾Oúê {dkh

ñ,.g wms mif,dia prk n,uq

1.is, ixjrh
2.bx¯sh ixjrh
3.fNdckfha muk okakd nj
4.ksosj¾cs;fhys fhosh yels nj
5.Y%Odj
6.ysßh
7.;mamh
8.ndyqiÉph
9.ùßh
10.i;sh
11.m%{d
12.rEmjpr m%:u OHdkh
13.oaù;sh OHdkh
14.;D;Sh OHdkh
15.p;=¾: OHdkh

fujka .=k iïndrhlska hq;= W;=fula ksid ;uhs

wms uq,ska lshmq .=k iïNdrhlska hq;= fï oyu foaYkd l, yelsjqfka
ñ,.g wms “iq iq.;”
; kï .=kh .ek i,ld n,uq
fuys woyi “iq” “.;” kï iqkaor ;ekg .sh hkakhs
fkdu. tkï w;a;ls,u;dkq lduiql,a,sldkq lshk wka;hkag fkdnei
uekúka .ukalr mru iqkaor ia:dkh jQ ksjkg meñks neúka iq.; kï fõ
ñ,. nqÿ.=kh jkafka “f,daf,dalúÿ”
úÿ kï jQ .=khhs
f,dalh úksúo oelal lshk tlhs
fï f,dalh tfia fkdoel uq,ska lsõj .=kj,ska hqla; oyula foaYkdlrkak neye
tfykï f,dal úÿ lshkafk i¾jm%ldrfhkau fï f,dalhu okakd njhs
tkï f,dalh hkq l=ulao?
f,dalh we;sjQfha flfiao?
f,dalfha m%fìo fudkjdo?
f,dalh we;sjqfka ljodo?
tys úYd,;ajh fldmuko?
f,dalfha fmdÿ,Ìk fudkjdo?
f,dalh úksúo oel fïjd úia;r l, ksid ta .=khg wms f,dal úÿ lshkjd
ñ,.g wms “wkqwkq;a;frda mqßiOïu idr;S” .=kh f.k n,uq
fï lshkafka fkdu.g jeá isák ;sßika ukqIH hÌ foaj n%yau lshk TskEu
i;ajfhl=g
lsisu mSvdjla fkdfldg YS,dpdr .=kj;a Ydka; njg m;al, yels
ta jf.au kej; fjkia fkdjk f,i ia;sridr f,iu oukh l,yels wh w;=frka
w.%jk neúka “wkq;a;frda mqßiOïu idr;S” lsh, lshkj

i;a;d foaj ukqiaidkï”

“i;a dkï lshk nqÿ.=kfhka woyia lrkafka

44
il, i;ajhkagu ÿlska ñoSu msksi;a
fof,dj jev msksi;a
tkï foú ñksia yeufokdgu fof,dj jevmsksi;a
ks¾jdk m%;s,dNh msksi;a foaYkd lrk ksid “i;a;d foaj ukqiaidkï” lsh, lshkj

ñ,.g “nqnqoaO” kï .=kh n,uq

.eTqre oyï w;=ßka mru .dïìr p;=rd¾H i;H O¾uh
;uka jykafia uekúka wjfndaO lrf.k
wkHkago ta O¾uh wjfndaOlrjk neúka “nqoaO” kï fõ

ñ,.g “N.j;a
N.j;a” .=kh lshkafk l=ulao n,uq
wms uq,ska i|yka l, wldrfha .=kj,ska iukaú; oyula idudkH .=kj,ska hqla;
flfkl=g foaYkdlrkak neye t;rï jQ wkka; .=k iïNdrhla Tsk fï f,dalh úksúo
oel p;=rd¾H i;H foaYkdlrkak
ta ksid wms il, i;ajhka w;=frka W;=ïu
il, f,daljdiSkag .rel, hq;= neúka “N.j;a” lsh, lshkj
ñ,.g wms “ix>ix>”
ix> .=k .ek n,uq
fu;k;a uu wr uq, f,v iy fnfy;a Wodyrkh .kakñ
fï ix> fyj;a iuQyhd ;uhs wmsg b;du jákd fï wp, úYajdihg uq, mqrk láÜh
fudlo?wms oeka f,fä .ek wy, ;shkj fnfy;a .ek wy, ;shkj fjo uy;a;h
.ek wy, oekf.k ;shkj oeka wms fnfy; fndkak biafi,a, n,kj
wms okak lshk ,.md; wh tfyu fï f,fäg fnfy;a .kakjo?
Tjqkaf.a wikSm;;ajh fldfyduo?
ikSmjqk wh bkakjo lsh,
fï lshkafka l=ulao?
f,dalh úksúo oel nqÿrcdkka jykafia úiska foaYkdl, fï mru i;Hh tkï fï
oyu m%dfhda.sl;ajhg k., ta wh;a fï fnfy;a j,ska ikSm Wkdh lsh, m%dfhda.slj
fmkajk wh ;uhs ix>hd jykafia,d
tfykï fï wh ;uhs nqoaO Y%djlfhda
fï ix>hd jykafia,d wmsg ls%hdfjka Tmamqlr, fmkajkj
fï m%dfhda.sl uf.a hkúg we;sjk m%;sm,
oeka wms n,uq fï m%dfhda.sl uf.ys ;shk .=k fudkjdo lsh,
iqmámkak” .=kh lshkafk l=ulao? fï ix>r;akh mqrk m%;sm;a;sh
“iq
taldka; jYfhkau ksjkg muqkqjk iqkaor m%;sm;a;sj, tkï hym;a jQ w¾H ud¾.
m%;smodfõ kshe,s,d isák ksid “iqmámkak” .=kfhka hqla;hs lshkjd
Wcqmámkak” kï jQ .=kh ñ,.g n,uq
“Wcq
fuys woyi fï ix>r;akh
iDcq m%;sm;a;s orkakka hkakhs
ta lshkafka lduiqL,a,sldkq w;a;ls,u;dkq lshk wka;hkag fkdjeá
wdßhIaGdx.sl keue;s uOHu m%;smod mqrñka
iDcqj ksjk lrd mj;akd m%;sm;a;s mqrk hkak fuys woyihs
[dhmámkak” kï jQ .=kh oeka n,uq
“[dhmámka
fuys woyia Nj.dñj iifrys hd;%dlrk
kej; kej; bmoS ueÍ kej; bmfoñka hk fï ialkaO mrïmrdj
tlu ÿla f.dvla mukhs lsh, oekf.k tu ialkaO mrïmrdj meje;aug fya;=j
oekf.k th kj;ajk u. oekf.k
fï wkka; iir ießirk ialkaO mrïmrdj keje;aùug ksrjq,a jQ;a l%udkql+,jQ
m%;sm;a;s mqrkjd lshk tl ;uhs fuys w¾;h
idñÉmámkak” kï jQ .=kh f.k n,uq
“idñÉmámka

45
iir ÿlska ñoSu msksi iDcq fkdfjkia wd¾h m%;sm;a;sfha msysg,d ksjeros iqÿiq .=koï
jvk wkqka úiska ms,s.kajk fohla j,|kjd úkd lsis fohla n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjk
ish,a, w;ay, ;k .ylgj;a msvdfkdlrk fï ix>r;akh oelal úg yqka wiafkka
ke.sgwiqka mekùu mjka ie,Su md fiaoSu uqyqk fiaoSu kEu i|yd isis,a meka Wkq
meka ms,sfh, lroSu md fidaod oSu kEùu md isjqre fidaod oS fikiqk mú;%lr oSu wdoS
foa i|yd iqÿiqlï ,nk .=kfhka hqla; neúka “idñÉmámkak” kï jQ .=kfhka hqla;
fõ
ñ,.g “wdyq
wdyqfkHh”
kHh .=kh .ek n,uq
fï lshkafk l=ulao? iir ÿlska ñoSug fujka m%;sm;a;s mqrk iDcq wd¾h ud¾.hl
hk ix>r;akhg fndfyda ÿr f.jd fidhdf.k .sys,a,d oSug iqÿiqlï ,nk
.=kfhka hqla; ksid “wdyqfkHh” lsh, lshkjd
mdyqfkHh”
“mdyq kHh .=kh .;af;d;a iir ÿlska ñoSug
iDcq wd¾H m%;sm;a;sfhka lghq;= lrk ix>r;akhg wms ldgyß[d;s ys;ñ;%doska
m%N+jreka g fokag ms,sfh, lr.;a hula fõ kï ta .ek fkd;ld fï ix>r;akhg
mqcd lsÍug ;rï iqÿiq jQ .=kfhka hqla;hs lshk tl fuys woyi
ta “ola
olalsfkHh”
kHh .=kh .;af;d;a
fï iif¾ w;r .uka lrk wmsg mrf,djoS jevmsksi m, ,eìu i|yd odk udk
wdosh oSug ms,s.ekaùug iqÿiq nj, .=k we;s nj ñka woyia lrkjd
ñ,.g “w[aw[ac,slrkSh” .=kh
tkï f,daljdiSka úiska kuialdr lsÍug iqÿiq .=khkaf.ka hqla;hs lshk tlhs fuys
woyi
wkq;a;r mq[a[lafl;a;ka” .=kh
“wkq
fuh b;du jákd ;ekla
ta lshkafk uyd ix>r;akh lshkafka mska fl;la
fl;la lshkafk j.dlrkak iqÿiq ìula
fudkjd j.dlrkako fï ìu iqÿiq “mska j.dlr.ekSug”
ta lshkafka mskalr.kak ñysmsg ;shk úYd,u fl; ix>r;akh
fudlo fu;rï fmdfydr ;shk fl;la fj,d ;sfhkafk
Tjqka wkq.ukh lrk iS, iudê m{d m%;smodj,a ksid
fï ix>r;akh ish,a,gu jvd W;=ï msx fl;la
tkï Ys,dos .=khkaf.a uy;a nj iDcq nj wd¾h nj ksid
mQcdj uy;am, lsÍug iu;a mska fl;la wfma fï ix>r;akh
oeka wms lsõfj ix>r;akfha .=k fu;ko

uu kej; u;la lrkak Tsks f,v iy fnfy;a kso¾Ikh

f,vla ;shkjd fyd| fnfy;la ;shkjd f,dalhgu W;a;u jQ fjodkka ;uhs
fï fì; fydhdf.k ;sfhkafk
fï ix>hd lshkafka ta ta fnfy;a oekg fndk iqjfjñka isák
fnfy;a î, iqjjqk láÜh
fï iuQyhd osyd n,, ;uhs
wmsg oyu flf¾ nqÿka flf¾ wp, m%idoh ;yjqre fjkafka
ta ksid wms lshkj j¾;udkfha oyu iys;j .uka lrk hdkhla jf.a lsh, uyd
ix>r;akh
fu;kos fyd|g f;areï .kak fï .=k j,ska fyì ix>hdjykafia,d,
wßh Y%djl ix>hd
taf.d,af,d wksjd¾hfhka úuqla;sh ,nkjd,
ta Y%djlhka tfia úuqla;sh ,nkafka nqÿka úYajdilr, oyu úYajdi lr, i.=ka
úYajdi lr,fk O¾uh flf¾ meyeos,fk
tfykï n,kak wmsg;a Tslu fkao?
tfykï wms fï oyfu hkafk wehs

46
fï wh fï nqÿka oyï i.=ka úYajdilr,
fï uf.a .sys,a,
fï úuqla;sh ,enqj
tfykï fï u. wmsg;a yß
fudlo
nqÿka úYajdi lr, oyu mss,smeo,
fï uf.a .sfhd;a wmsg;a úuqla;sh ,eìh yelshs,
fï ;uhs wfma meyeos,s u.
fï lshkafka fudllao? oyu f;areï wrf.k nqÿka oyï i.=ka flf¾ wp, úYajdih
we;slrf.k fï uf. hk tl ;uhs fï ;s%úOr;akh flf¾ we;sjk wp, úYajdih
th ksjeros uf.a hkak fya;=fjkj

wms uq,ska lsõjd w¾h wIaGdx.sl ud¾.fha hkakd, fidajdka uf.ys bkafka
Oïudkq Oïu m%;smodfj bkafk,
Tyqg ;uhs fn!oaOhd lsh, lshkafk
fï oyu flf¾ wp, úYajdih we;sjqk ksid ;uhs fï m%;smodj mqrkak mgka .;af;
w¾h wIaGdx.sl ud¾.hg neiafi
t;fldg fï wp, úYajdih w¾h wIaGdx.sl ud¾.fhau fldgila
fudlo iïud osáÜh we;sfjkafka fïi;ajhd yd f,dalh lshk úIh ms,sn| we;sjk
oekSu ;=,ska
wksla me;af;ka wp, úYajdifhau fldgila wd¾h wIaGdx.sl ud¾.h
fjk úoshlg lshkjkï fïjd fno, fjka lrkak neye
fï oyu, fïl tlla,
fudllao?
isf;ys we;slrk fjkialï iuQyhla, ta lshkafka fï u.g neye, ksjeros wdrïNhla
we;slr .;a;yu bfìu fï ud¾.fha hkjd ta uf.a hkjd lshkafka Th lshk ;s%úo
r;akh flf¾ wp, úYajdih we;sfjkjd
wksla me;af;ka wd¾h wIdGdx.sl ud¾.fha hkjd t;fldg fu;k fmakjd fkao
tlsfklg wkafkdakH jYfhka n,mdk ;;ajhla fïl
wksla me;af;ka fï .ek;a n,kakfld
ioaOdkqidÍ mqoa.,fhl= ;=, nqÿka flf¾ wp, úYajdih we;sjqkd lsh, ta mqoa.,hd
nqÿka .=k oek ;uhs meyeÿfka
tfykï ta .=k iuQyhla ;shk flfkl= lshk oyu .ek wúiajdihla we;sfjhso?
keye
ta jf.a oyula oekf.k tys úia;r lrk úuqla;s ud¾.h m%;smodjka m%dfhda.slj
lrk m%;smod mqrk wfma ix>hd flf¾ wp, úYajdihla we;sfkdù ;sfhhso?
t;fldg tl ;eklska mgka .;a;yu wks;a me;sj,g;a me;sß,d .syska
oeka n,kak wms lshuq fndfydu OïudkqidÍ mqoa.,fhla oyfï .=k oek fï oyu
ms,sn| hï wp, úYajdihla we;sjqkd lsh,
t;fldg ta mqoa.,hd olskjd iajdlald; wld,sl taysmiaisl .=kj,ska fyì fu jka
jákd lshk oyula foaYkd l, ta W;a;uhd ;=, fldmuk jQ .=k iïNdrhla ;sfhkak
we;so
fukak oeka nqÿka flf¾ wp, úYajdih jefvkjd
wksla me;af;ka fï jf.a oyul we;s m%;smodj mqrk wh flf¾
tkï icSùj fï oyï ud¾.h m%dfhda.sl;ajhg k.k msßi i.=ka flf¾ wp, úYajdih
we;s fkdù ;sfhhso?
fïjd wkafkdakH jYfhka n,mdkjd lsh, uu lsõfj talhs
n,kak hfula ix>hd jykafiaf.a .=k oek Tjqka flf¾ wp, úYajdihla we;sjqkd
lsh,

47
oeka fudlo fjkafk fï úYajdih we;sfj,d ;sfhkafka m%;smodjkaf.a we;s iDcq nj,
ia:sr nj ms,sn| we;sjQ jegySu ksid,
oeka fudyq wksjd¾Hfhkau n,kjd fujka ia:sridr m%;sm;a;shla foaYs; oyu l=ulao
lsh,
ta foaYkd l, W;a;uhd ljqo lsh,
fukak fï f,iska fï wp, úYajdih lshk tl fld;kska mgka .;a;;a ;=ku tlg
jefvkjd, wkafkdakH jYfhka th iïnkaohs
fï wp, úYajdih we;sfjk fldg thd kslïu wd¾h wIaGdx.sl ud¾.hg jeá, , wßh
ldka; YS,h wdrÌd lrkjd, oyfuys .=k oek meyefok fldg ilaldh osáÜ,
úÉlsÑpd, iS,ìn; mrdudi lshk ixfhdack O¾u lefvñka hkafk,
fïl fld;kska O¾uhg neiai;a tlhs uq¨ oyuu tlsafklg iïnkaohs wjYH ksjeros
wdrïNhla mukhs.

2-7 ixfhdack hkqfjka woyia lrkafka l=ula o@

ixfhdack lsõjyu"
ne|, ;nk'weo, ;nk'w,jk'ñY%lr, ;shk wdoS fkdfhla woyia fokak mq¨jka'
fldfyago fï ne|, ;sfhkafka @
f,dalhg ne|, ;sfhkafka'
fudkjd yskaoo f,dalhg ne|, ;sfhkafka @
is;sú,sj, Yla;sh yskao'
fï is;sú,s j, w,jk Yla;sh ke;skï “ffp;isl Yla;sh u.ska f,dalhg ne|, ;sfì”"
hk w¾;fhka ;uhs ixfhdack hk jpkh mdúÉÑ lr, ;sfhkafk'
ixfhdack O¾u hkq"
fjkúêhlg lsõfjd;a Nj;%hg i;ajhd ne| ;nk ffp;islhka hkakhs'
is; ms,sn| wNSO¾ufhys lrk ú.%fha oS'
ffp;isl mkia follg fno, ;shkj'
wfma bøhka wruqkq yd .egqkyu fï is;sú,s fyj;a ffp;isl we;sfjkafk'
fï ffp;isl ;uhs f,dalhg ne|;nkafk fï we,Sfï Yla;sh we;slrkafk
tajd mkia fol kej; j¾.lsÍug wkqj"
f,djg, iirg ne| ;nk is;sú,s fyj;a ffp;isl hk w¾;fhka oyhlg j¾.lr,"
ta ta ixfhdack
ldu'rEm'wrEm f,dalj, we,Sug fya;=jk wldrh úia;r lr, ;shkj
fuu ffp;isl fnoSug wkqj wyj,a wyj,a ffp;isl fï fï ixfhdackhg we;=,;a
lsh, fkdlsõjg"
f,daN "fodaI" fuday lshk wl=i,a uq,aj,ska"
wf,daN" wfodai' wfuday l=i,a uq,aj,ska"
wrNk ish¨u wl=i,a' l=i,a ffp;isl fuhg whs;shs'
fï ixfhdack j,ska ´rïNd.Sh ixfhdack ksid
i;ajhd i;r wmdh ñksia f,dj ifoõ f,dj hk ldu f,dal tfld,fhys W;am;a;sh
,nkjd'
fï ixfhdack w;=frkq;a"
ldu rd. jHdmdo úÉlsÉpd hk ixfhdack ;=k ldu N+ñfha i;ajhd ne| ;nhs
fï flf,ia ;djld,slj hgm;a l,úg ;uhs"rEm wrEm Nj j, W;am;a;sh ,nkafka"
fï flf,ia w;=ßka ldu rd. b;d n,j;a"
i;ajhd ldu Nj ,nkafka th ,nkq msksi Tyq ;=, we;s wYdj yd ldujpr l=i,
l¾u fya;= fldgf.k"
tfiau ldu f,dalfhka bj;g hkak lduÉPkaoh hgm;a l, yels jqfjd;a"
ldu f,dalfhka bj;aj"rEm f,dalfha W;am;a;sh ,nkjd

48
fï ixfhdack w;ßka ilaldh osÜáh"úÉlsÑpd" iS,ìn; mrdudi hk ixfhdack ;=kg
;sfhkafka úYd, Yla;shla'
Nj;%h ;=, w.la uq,la ke;sj weúosk i;ajhdg fï ixfhdack ;=k ke;slsÍu ;=,ska
úfYaI u fohla isÿfj,d ;shkj
Nj.dó i;ajhd ms,sn| ksjeros o¾YKhla we;sfj,d ;shkj"
’uu¶ lshkafk ljqo hkak .ek kshu o¾YKhla my, fj,d"
fudllao l,hq;af; lsh, oek.kakj'
ta .ek wdhsu;a ixidrh mqrdjg ielhla ke;sfjkjd
iïfndaêhg fya;=jk Woh .dókS m%;smodjg"
ke;skï jeä oshqKqj we;sjk ms,sfj;lg fhduq jqkd lsh, fudyqg lshkjd
Tyq ixidrfha tfya fufya hk .;sh ke;sfj,d
ksjk keu;s iev myrg wiqù ksjk foig ksh; jYfhkau weos, hkj
l=uk ixfhdackhlska j;a oeka ta foig wefok tl kj;ajkak neye
fïl ;uhs uq,a ixfhdack ;=k ke;s lsÍu lshkafk

uu ;j álla fï .ek lshkak ´k'

uq,ska lsõfj;a fïl'
fï ixfhdack lshkafka Nj;%hg i;ajhd ne| ;nk is;=ú,s lsh,fk'
fï is;=ú,s j,ska ldu Njhgu i;ajhd ne| ;nk ixfhdack ;shkjd
tajd iuqÉfÉok jYfhka m%ySk lf,d;a wdhs;a ldu;,hg tkafka keye
ta jf.au rEm Njhg n|sk ixfhdack ;shkj
tajd m%ySk lf,d;a rEm Njhg wdfh;a tkafka keye
ta jf.au ;djld,slj hgm;a lf,d;a wod, njhkg ;djld,slj tkafk keye
t;fldg ish¨u ixfhdack ta ta Nj ;=kg w,jk is;sú,s ke;skï ffp;isl
ke;sfldf,d;a wjidkfha fï Nj;%fhau Wmoskafka ke;=j hkjd
ta lshkafka' fï f,dalh lshk tflka mek, t;rg hkj
;j ÿrg;a ixfhdack O¾u ms,sn| úia;r lf,d;a
wms oeka l:dlrñka wdfj
ñg fmr nqÿka oyï i.=ka flf¾ .=k oek wp, m%idoh we;sfj,d wßhldka; YS,h
wdrÌd lf,d;a
Tyq hkafka oeka f,!lsl wd¾h wYaGdx.sl ud¾.fha lsh,;a lsõjfka
Th f.d,a,kag ixfhdack .ek;a meyeos,s jqkd
oeka n,kak fudllao fïflos we;sjk m%;sm,h lsh,
oyu .ek oekSula we;sfjkjd
i;ajhd lshkafka ljqo lsh, oekSula we;sfjkjd
mxpialkaoh lshkafk fudllao?
tys we;sùu meje;au ksiairkh
tys wksÉp, ÿlaL, wkd;au iajNdjh hï m%udkhl jegySula tkjd
Tyqf.a isf;ys fuf;la l,a me, moshï fj,d ;snqk udkisl ms,s.ekSï rdYshla
fjkiafjkjd ke;sfjkjd
fï ms,s.ekSï ;=, b|, ;uhs thd f,dalh wjfndaOlr.;af;
f,dalh oelafl
fukak fïj fï ms,s.ekSïj, úYd, fjkialula we;sfjkjd
fï fjkia ms,s.ekSug fya;=j oyu ms,sn| oekSuhs
ta ;=,ska oyu flf¾ wp, m%idoh we;sfjkjd
th foaYkdl, nqÿrcdkka jykafia flf¾ wp, m%idoh we;sfjkjd.
oeka ta m%;sm;a;sfha hk w¾h ix>hd.ek m%idoh we;sfj,d oeka iïud osáÜh, iïud
ixlmamh wdoS jYfhka we;sfj,d fï uf.a hkjd
biair ms,s.ekSï keye
f,dalh .ek oeka Tyq orkafka fjk;a u;hla
oeka Tyq fjk;a mqoa.,fhla

49
oeka fudllao nqÿrcdkka jykafia lsh, ;shkafka
ksh; jYfhkau iïfndaêud¾.hg weú;a
wfhu;a ÿ.;shl bmfokafka keye
fudlo ta ÿ.;sj, bmoSug fya;=jk is;sú,s we;sfjkafka keye
ÿ.;shg muqkqjk is;sú,s we;slrk udkisl ms,s.ekSï tfyu ke;akï ÿ.;shg muqkqjk
w,jk n|sk ixfhdackh lrk ixfhdack O¾u Tyqf.a ika;dkfhka iyuq,skau ÿrefj,d
fï n,kakfld nqÿkaflf¾ we;sjQ wp, úYajdih ksid nqÿka lshqfoa ms,s.kakjd
O¾uh flf¾ wp, úYajdih ksid fïl O¾ufha ;shkj ta ksid ms,s.kakjd
wd¾h Y%djl ix>hd;a fïl ms,swrx ;uhs fï .uk .sfha tal yskao ms,s.kakjd
oeka fmakjdfka fï ;=k ksihs hula oelafl ke;;a Tyq flf¾ wp, úYajdih ksid wms
ms,s.kakjd
fï oel, fkfuhs fï oyu wy,
oeka n,kak oyï weiSfuka Tyqf.a we;sjk ms,s.ekSï j, fjki
t;fldg fï oyu oel, fkfuhs wy, ;uhs fï ms,s.ekSï ke;akï ixfhdack O¾u
levqfka
n,kak fï oyu oekSu ;=,ska we;sjk fjki hï ojil oyu oelalu tkï wksÉp,
ÿlaL, wkd;au oelal ojig Tyq ry;a mqoa.,fhla fjkjd
todg Tyq fuu iajNdjh oel, lsh, lshkak mq¨jka
uu ys;kafk ixfhdack O¾u meyeos,s we;s
n,kak u.ks ks $uQ,mßhdh j¾.fha$wdlfLHdh i%;%h
i.ka
kas$ fida;dmkak ixhq;sfha$ fõ¨oajdr j¾.fha$ ;;sh .scacldj
i%;%fha

2-8 ila
ilaldh osÜáh jYfhka woyia lrkafka l=ula o@
nqÿoyu úia;r lrkak fhdodf.k we;s ixl,am w;ßka b;du jeo.;a ixl,amhla fï
ilaldh osáGsh lshk tl. fn!oaO o¾Ikfha yrh iïmQ¾kfhkau fï jfá
f.dvke.=kla. wms nqÿyu ;=,ska lshfjkafka l=ulao? lsh, b;du o,jYfhka i,l,d
ne¨fjd;a wmsg fïl jgyd .kak mq¨jks. ta lshkafka fuhhs. wms “uu” “uf.a”
jYfhka ys;df.k bkak fï w;aú|Sï mrmqr ;=, we;af;a fya;= m%;H jYfhka we;sfjù
ke;sfjù hk idfmaÌlj mj;sk É;a; ffp;isl rEm lshk ixisoaêhla úkd ta oekSï
w;aú|Sfï mrmqr ;=, uu uf.a jYfhka yÿkd.; yels fkdfjkiaù tu ú|sï
,nd.;yels i;ajfhl= mqoa,.fhl= wd;auhla fyda lsishï tjeks mod¾;hla tys
ke;snjhs
fï “uu” “uf.a” ke;skï uf.a wd;auh jYfhka ms,s.ekSu ilaldh osáÜh
fuu ixl,amh úia;r lsÍug jvdu fhda.H l%uh lsh, uu ys;kafka
tys we;s ,Ìk fkdfhla wdldrfhka i,ld n,, Bg miafia i%;%foaIkdj,a .ek;a
i,ld ne,Suhs
kuq;a fuu ixl,amh .ek fjku mßÉfcohlska l:dlrkak Thf.d,af,d
n,dfmdfrd;a;=jk ksid wms fuf;kaos b;du fláfhka fï jpkfha f;areu oek .ksuq

ilaldh osáÜh lshkafk o, woyiska iaj lh'

;u lh .ek we;s oDYaáh' ke;skï ms,s.ekSu hkak'
kuq;a fuysoS Bg mq¨,a w¾:hla ;shkj'

uu ys;kj fïl f;areï .kak

’ilaldh¶ lshk jpkh;a
’osáܶ lshk jpkh;a meyeos,sj f;areï .; hq;=hs lsh,

’ilaldh¶ lshkafka ’ila¶ lshkafk ks;Hhs fyd|hs'

50
 fudllao fï ’fyd|¶" ’ks;H¶ lshkafk@ lh

t;fldg fudllao fï lh lsh, lshk tl meyeos,sju u ks$uQ, mKaKdilfha$pQm

hul j¾.fha$ pQ, fõoe,a, i%;%fha lsh, ;shkj"
tkï “WmdodkialkaO my” ilaldh lsh, lshkj'

t;fldg oeka"
WmdodkialkaO my lshkafka fudllao lsh, m%Yakhla @'
uu fufyu lshkakñ"
mxpialkaO h ^rEm"fõokd"i[[d"ixialdrd"ú[a[dkd& keue;s hka;%h ls%hdYs,S ùu ksid
Wmojk ,o udkisl Yla;sh ;kaydj iu. ñY%ùu ksid we;sjk Wmdodkh jQ Yla;s
iuQyhg ke;akï tlg f.dvke.=kq Yla;s iuQyhg mxp WmdodkialkaOh lsh, lshkjd
t;fldg mxpialkaOh tlla'
mxp Wmdodkialkaoh ;j tlla'

oeka ó,.g n,uq'

osáÜh lshk tfla f;areu'
uu lshkafk talg f,aisu f;areu ’oeä ms,s.ekSu¶ lsh,'
oeka ilaldh osáÜh lshkafka l=ulao@
iajldh ks;Hhs" fyd|hs"iemhs lshk ms,s.ekSu fkao@
nqÿrcdkka jykafia mxp Wmdodkialkaoh .ek fudllao lsõfj@
ks;H keye· wks;Hhs" iem fkfuhs ÿLhs lsh,'uu flfkla keye ta ksid wkd;auhs
lsh,
uu fjk;a l%uhlg th úia;r lrkak W;aidy lrkakï'
wfma mxpialkaOfha ;shk bøhka wruqkq yd .eàu ksid l=ulao fjkafka"
fõokdjla we;sfjkj'
fõokdj lshkafka l=ulao@
ysf;a ;shk úoSfï Yla;shg'

fõokdj úoskj lshkafka cSj;a fjkjd lshk tluhs'

úosñka bkakj lshk tl ;uhs fï cSú;h"
fï wkqj f,dalh jegfykak mgkaf.k ;sfhkj lshkafk' fõokdj ú|sñka mj;skj
lshkafk ld,hla ú|sñka .;lrkj lshk tl"
fõokdj oefkk ld,hl=;a oeka ;shkj lshk tl'
fõokdj ú|sñka hkl,a"
ld,hla oefkkjd'
cSj;a fjkjd oefkkjd"
fõokdj iys;j ld,hla hkjd lshkafka"
fõokdj ú|sñka flfkla bkakjd lsh, jegfyk tl'
oeka fudlo fjkafka"
uu lsh, fõokd ú|sk wkkH jQ meje;aula we;ehs f;afrkj"
fu;k fudlo fj,d ;sfhkafka
oeka' ’uu¶ lsh, ú|skafkla we;sfj,d
oeka n,uq fõokdj ksid ld,h yd uu we;sjQ nj lsõjd"
t;fldg fõokdj we;sjQ fha bøhka wruqkq yd .egqkq úg"
ta ksid fõokdjla mej;=kdu" uu fyj;a ú|skafkla we;sù ld,hla .uka lrkjd"
ta fõokdj bjr jqkdu ta we;sjQ uu bjrhs'
t;fldg tl me;a;lska uu lshkafka ls%hdjla · ls%hdmohla ·
kuq;a wms kdu mohla f,i Ndú;d lrkafka'
uu lshk tl bøhka wruqkla yd .egqk yeu fudfyd;lu we;sfjkjd'
fï yeu fõokdjlau yd ta ;=, we;sjQ is;sú,s mßïmrdjg Wmdodkh lsÍu ;uhs fï
uu lshk Nj.dój hk i;ajhdg uq,'

51
ta fõokdjg we;sjk we,Su ;Kaydj"
fï Njh w,a,d .ekSfï Yla;sh fyj;a Wmdodkh"
’fm!oa.,sl jQ wkkH;djhlsk¶a¶ hq;=j Njhlg w,jk iajNdjh ;uhs fï'
biafi,a,d lsõjd ’uu¶ lshkakd ls%hd mohla lsh,"
ta lshkafka wruqkq bøhka yd .eàu ;=, Wmdodk Yla;sho iu. tlg uqiqjQ
mxpWmdodkialkaOh fyj;a Njhkg fm!oa.,sl wkkH;djhlska hq;=j w,jk·
y÷kd .; yels Yla;sh ;uhs wmsg Njh w,a,d fokafka'
fuysoS;a mxpialkaoh fyj;a w;aú|sula iliaùu uu uf.a jYfhka .ekSu ksid
mxpialkao mrmqrla njg m;afjkjd fï ksid I;ajhd Njfha nef|kjd
fï Nj ;=kla ;shkjd ldu"rEm" wrEm Nj jYfhka'
oeka Th f.d,a,kag f;afrkjd we;s"
mxpWmdodkialkaoh fyj;a ilaldh
ke;skï
ks;H fyd| iaj lh lshkafka
fm!oa.,sl wkkH;djhlska hq;=jq Yla;s msxvhla f,i"
os.=l,la ;siafia mj;sk ;;ajhla ;uhs"
i;ajhd uu lsh, lshkafka '
fï oekSï ú|Sï mrmqr ;=, l;Dflfkla we; hk oeä ms,s.ekSug m;aùu
fu;koS ilaldh osáÜh lshkafka' fï fm!oa.,sl wkkH;djhlska Njfhys .ukalrk
mxpWmdodk ialkaOh"ks;H" iodld,sl wd;auhla jYfhka"iem fohla jYfhka
ms,s.ekSu"fyj;a oeä oDIaáhhs'
kuq;a wms fida;dmkakfhl= jkakkï"
biafi,a,du fï oDIaáh ke;slr .kak ´ks'
fï Njhkag ne| ;nk Wmdodk Yla;sh we;slrk m%Odk ixfhdackh ;uhs fïl'
b;sx" nqÿrcdkka jykafia b;du meyeos,sj i%;% foaYkd rdYshl"
fï ldh fyj;a mxpdWmdodkialkaO" fyj;a'
fm!oa.,sl wkkH;djhlska hq;= fõ. msxvh"
iodld,sl mod¾;hka fkdfjhs
;;amrhlg úYd, jdr .kklska uu hkak we;sfjñka'
ke;sfjñka "
fya;= m%;Hhka ksid mj;sk"
m%;Hhka ke;sùu ksid hï ojil ke;sl, yels"
fõ. msxvhla lsh,d úia;r lr ;shkj'
wksl ilaldh osáÜh ke;s lsÍu lshkafka"
fï ilaldh ms,sn| fkdfhla úYajdi ;shkjd"
tajd ke;slr f.k nqÿrcdkka jykafia lshQ ,Ìkh wjfndaO lr .ekSu"
tkï"
úkdY fkdù mxpialkaofhka mxpialkaohg udrejk
iodld,sl fjkiafkdjk mod¾;hla fyda wd;auhla ke;" hkak oDIaáh we;slr .ekSu'
ke;=j ilaldh ksreoaêh fkfuhs'
fïl ksreoaO l,d lshkafka ta lh mss,sn| yeÕSu ke;slsÍu fkfuhs'
ilaldh ke;slsÍu lshkafk fjkska l:djla
uu fuf;la fj,d úia;r lf,a ilaldh oDIaáh ke;slsÍu .ek'
oeka uu ys;kafka ilaldh oDIaáh hï;dla ÿrlg meyeos,s we;s

2-9 úÉlsÉpd hkqfjka woyia lrkafka l=ula o@

uq,skau fid;dmkak hkak f;areï lroaos"
lkg O¾uh meñKSu jYfhka ú.%y l,d'
ta jf.au ke;sl, hq;= ixfhdack ;=k jk"

52
ilaldh osÜá"úÉlsÉpd"iS,ìn; mrdudi" is| ouk l%uh"
oiaik ixjrfhka
tkï"
o¾Ikh lsÍfuka "wjfndaOlr .ekSfuka nj lsõjd'
fï u.g nysk fldg wfma idukH bøhkag f.dapr fkdjk"
thska Tìfnys we;s lrekq ms,sn| wjfndaOlr .ekSug hdfïoS"
fï úÉlsÉpdj fyj;a ieluqiq ;eka we;sjk w;r"
th wgfldka ms,sn| úÉlsÉpdjka jYfhka yÿkajuq'

1'nqÿka .ek

2'O¾uh .ek

3'ix>hd .ek

4'YslHd m%{ma;s .ek

5'fmr w;a nj .ek

6'u;= w;a nj .ek

7'fmr yd u;= w;a nj .ek

8'f,dalfha mÜÉpiuqmamkak;ajh .ek

fuhska 5"6'7"8 lshkafka"

wms uq,os i|yka l,"fm!oa.,sl wkkH;djhlska hq;= Nj.dó i;ajhd fyj;a
mxpWmdodkialkaoh ms,sn| ke;akï ilaldh ms,sn|juhs'
fu;koS iodld,sl fjkia fkdjk wúkYajr mod¾;hla Nj .dój .ukalrkjd hkak
fjkqjg"fya;=jla ksid yg .kakd ta fya;= ksreoaêfhka ksreoaO jk iodld,sl fkdjk
Nj.dó mxpWmdodkialkaoh hkak wjfndaOfhka ;uhs "
wjidk lrekq 4 ms,sn| úÉlsÉpd ke;sfõkafka'
ilaldh oDYaáfhka bj;aùu ;=,u fï úÉlsÉpd ke;sfõ'

oeka"
fï ldh ms,sn| i;H oek .kafka fldfyakao@
th isÿúh hq;af;a nqÿrcdkka jykafiaf.a O¾uh wkqj ñi"
fjk;a O¾uhla wkqj fkdfõ'
tfia kï"fï ilaldh osÜáh bj;alrkj lshkafka"
nqÿrÿka flfrys;a"
Wka jykafiaf.a O¾uh flfrys;a"
úÉlsÉpdjla we;s fkdjk njhs'
ta jf.au"ta O¾uh wkqj ms,smosk ix>hd flf¾"
fyda ta ud¾.fhys .uka lrkak jqka i|yd"
mkjd we;s YslaIdmo flf¾ ielhla ke;snjhs
fï ks¾jdk ud¾.h fyj;a wd¾h wYagdx.sl ud¾.h"
iq.;s fyj;a oeä l=i, ud¾.h"
ÿ.;s ud¾.h fyj;a oi wl=i, ud¾.hka yd
fï ud¾.fha .sfhd;a fïl fjhs"lsh,
O¾uh .ek iel ÿre ù úÉlsÉpd ke;sfõ'
fï ksid uq,ska wms i|yka l, lrekq y;r ms,sn| úÉlsÉpd ke;sfõ'

53
u;l ;shd.kak fï lrekq wg oS¾> jYfhka ie,l=fjd;a ielh fojeoEreï lsh,hs
fmakafka'

’uq,a m%fìo y;r nqoaO O¾ufhys i;H;djh ms,sn| ielh jYfhka idrdxY
lrkak mq¿jks'¶

’fojeks lrekq y;r i;ajhdf.a ixidßl m%jD;sh ms,sn| o¾YKh fyj;a

i;ajhdf.a Nj.dó ;;ajh ms,sn| ielh lsh, lshkak mq¨jka'¶

oeka meyeos,shs fkao"

i;ajhd Nj.dój hk tlg m%Odku fya;=jla ;uhs"
ta Nj.dó iajNdjh"
thg fya;= fkdoekSu"
ta ms,sn| jeros oDIaÜj, isàu iy ksjeros ud¾.h ms,sn| iellsÍu lsh,d'

2-10 iS,ìn;mrdudi hkqfjka woyia lrkafka l=ula o@

uq,oS lsõj i;ajhdf.a ixidßl meje;au f,dal iajNdjh okakjd kï"
fudk fudk m%;smodj,a wkq.ukh lr, o"
fïflka ñfokak ´ks lshk tl .ek oek .;hq;=hs'
tfia fkdoekSu ;uhs iS,ìn; mrdudi lshkafk'

fuhska woyia lrkafka"

iißka ñfok ud¾.h okafk;a keye'
ljr is,a mo /lsh hq;=o okafk;a keye'
ljr j%; iudoka úh hq;=o @
pdß;% iS, m%;smod okafk keye'
wks;a me;af;ka iS,fhka mukla ks¾jdkh ,efì hhs"
iudê"m%{ wu;l lr l=ula l, hq;=o
hkak .ek yß oelaula ke;sj"
tl tl iS,j%; iudoka fjñka .;lrk pxp, m%;sm;a;sh'
kuq;a"ilaldh osÜáh úÉlsÉpdj ke;sfjkjd lshkafka"
iS,ìn; mrdudihg ;ekla ke;s njhs'
Nj.dñ i;ajhdf.a meje;au"tys keje;au" thg hk ud¾. .ek úÉlsÉpd ke;sjk úg"
iS,ìn; mrdudih kslïu ke;slrkak mq¨jka fjkj'

2-11 wdh;s ixjr iS,h lshkafka l=ulao?

fida;dm;a;shg meñks mqoa.,hd ;uka w;ska jrola isÿjqkdu
;ukau ys;, tu jereoao yod.kak ork W;aidyh ;uhs wdh; ixjr iS,h lshkafk.
fï úYu iudch ;=, wms csj;a fjkfldg
wms ish,a,u w;yer, fkdfjhsfk fï bkafk
;ju ud¾.hg neiai ú;rhs
we,Sï .eáï we;sfjkjd
kuq;a tlu W;aidyh l=i,fhys /fokak
wl=i,a lshkafk ksjka ud¾.hg m%;smÌjQ ls%hd
kuq;a fï f,daN, foafõI, fuday ;=kSfjñka hk mqoa.,fhla .ek lshkafk
;j Tyq;=, f,daN, oafõI ,fuday ;shkjd wl=i,a isÿfjkjd
kuq;a Tyq wdh; ixjr iS,fha msysgk ksid

54
jyd fy,sorõ lsÍug iqÿiafil= ke;skï
kej; fkdlrñ lsh, ;udúiskau wêIaGdk lr.kakjd
fï ;uhs wdh; ixjr iS,h
fuys jeo.;alu kï
;ud ;=, ksjka ud¾.hg m%;smÌj O¾uhka we;sjQ nj
;udu ms,swrf.k fkdj,yd th msßisÿlr .ekSuhs
tkï fï l, wl=i,hla jqk;a
ud¾.fhka msgg mek, ñ;Hd ud¾.hkays .uka lrjk Yla;sh tys keye
fïl b;du jeo.;a thg fya;=j
Tyq ksjeros oDIaáhl fkdfi,afjk ud¾.hl bkafk
fu;kos n,kak fï iS,h kej; lefvkak mq¨jka
kuq;a kej; wdh; ixjr iS,fha msysg, ksjeros lr.kakjd
fïl ;uhs wms uq,os i|yka lf,a fida;dmkakhd lshkafka
ksh; iïfndaê ud¾.hg meñks flkd lsh,
thd w;ska jeros isÿjqk;a Tyq hk ud¾.fhka iyuq,ska bj;g odkak ;rï Yla;shla
tys keye.
;udf.a isysh jvdf.k we;s m%udkhg wkqj ;uhs jßka jr ud¾.fhka msg mkskak
we;s bvlv fjkia fjkafk
msg mekakd hkak yÿkd.;yels nj fjkiafjkafk

2-12 pq,a, fidajdka hkq l=ulao?

fidajdka uf.a isák mqoa.,hd
;ju fidajdka keye
ksh; jYfhka iïfndaêhg meñks,d keye
kuq;a ksh; jYfhka B,. Njh iq.;.dñ
kuq;a bkamiafi kej; Njhg jefgkak mq¨jka.

2-13 ksh; iïfndaêhg meñKshd lshkafka l=ula o@

fuys by; i|yka l, ixfhdack ;=k'
is| oeófuka miq fyf;u fidajdka mqoa.,fhl= fjkjd'
tfyu ke;skï ’wd¾h ud¾. kue;s iev myrg yiqjQfjla¶
fï ;;ajhg wdj flkdg ’wúksmd; Oïu¶ we;af;la lshkj'
ta lshkafka kej; i;r wmdh ÿlg fkdjefgk iajNdj we;af;la hkqhs'
fyf;u ksjka iqj ,eíug ksh;fhla fjhs'
ta lshkafka ksh; iïfndaêh ud¾.hg meñksh ;eke;af;la fjhs'
kej; Tyq mD;ck ;;ajhg m;afjkafka keye
Tyq ksjk keu;s iev myrg yiqfj,d
nqÿyduqÿrefjd lsõjd fida;dmkakhd kej; wd;au y;la ;uhs Wmßuj Njhkag
nef|kafk lsh, .

2-14 fidajdka fjkak Ndjkdj wjYHo?

wjYHo
keye wjYH keye
fidajdka ud¾.hg msúis tfyu ke;akï
f,!lsls wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.fha .uka lrkakd ;=, we;s iudêh
Ndjkdjla ;=,ska we;slr.;a isf;ys we;s tl. nj fkfjhs
wdY%j iys; l=i, mÌfha jQ f,!lsl iïud osáÜh
wdY%j iys; l=i, mÌfha jQ iïud ixlmamh,
wdY%j iys; l=i, mÌfha jQ iïud jdpd,

55
wdY%j iys; l=i, mÌfha jQ iïud lïuka;,
wdY%j iys; l=i, mÌfha jQ iïud jdhdu,
wdY%j iys; l=i, mÌfha jQ iïud wdcSjh,
wdY%j iys; l=i, mÌfha jQ iïud i;sh
hk wx. y; ls%hd;aul lsÍug,
th ;uhs yßuÕ
ta ufÕys .sfhd;a ;ud ys; oshqkqlrf.k f,daflda;a;r ;;ajhg m;aúh yelaflah
lshk, isf;ys we;s tlÕ nj ;uhs f,!lsl iïud iudêh
fu;k is; tla;rd m%udkhlg flf,ia j,ska ños,d
;uka okakjd ;udg ud¾.hla ;shkjd úuqla;shg ud¾.hla ;shkjd
is; l,n, ldÍ;ajfhka ños,
fï .ek u ks$ WmßmKAKdilfha$wkqmo j¾.fha$ uyd p;a;dÍil i%;%h n,kak
b;du meyeos,sj ;shkj .syshg wd¾h wIaGdx.sl ud¾.h fjku lsh,
ta ud¾.fha we;sjk is;a wdY%j iys;hs l=i, mÌfha
n,kakfld i ks$ fida;dm;a;s ixhq;sfha$ fù¿oajdr j¾.fha$ fõ¨oajdr i%;%h tys
fida;dmkak wx. fudkjdo?
wx. y;rhs
ta fudkjdo? nqÿka, oyï, i.=ka flf¾ we;s wp, úYajdih iy wßhldka; YS,h
fu;k Ndjkdj lsh, keye
kuq;a fufyu ys;kak
Ndjkdj lshkafk is; jeäufk
fï wd¾h wIaGdx.sl ud¾.hg neiaiyu fudlo fjkafk lsh, n,kak
;ukaf. oDYaáh fjkialr.kakjd, hym;a l,amkdj,a we;slr.kakjd,
hym;a jpk l;d lrkjd, hym;a l¾udka; j, kshef,kjd, hym;a isysh we;sfjkjd
fï ksid hym;a iudêh fyj;a isf;ys hï tl. ;djhla we;sfjkjd
fï lshkafka ;=kafodr
is; t,shg nysk fodrj,a ;=k
is; lh jok
b;ska fï ;=k wms hym;a ud¾.hl .uka lrjk tlfk lrkafk
fï is; jeãu fkdfjhso
fu;k is; jeãu ;uhs lrkafk
ta ksid fidajdka fjkak Ndjkdj wjYHo keoao fydh fydhd bkak wjYH keye
iirg neÿkq É;a; Yla;sh ke;akï Nj.dñj .uka lrk wkkaH jQ fï mej;au
tfyuke;akï “uu” lsh, i,lk lE,a, oeka ksjk keu;s id.rh lrd .uka lrk
iev myrg yiqfj,d
“fida; wdmkak” lshkafk iev myrg yiqjQ lshk tl w¾;fhka .;af;d;a
fïl yev myrla ..l jf.a
ta ..g nyskak f;dgqm,j,a rdYshla ;shkjd
ta oyug ;uhs fï f;dgqm, j,ska nyskak yokafk
wms w¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.h ms,sn| fidhñka,
wjfndaO lr.ksñka m%;smod mqr, oyug nyskak mq¨jka
nqÿka oyï i.=ka flf¾ wp, úYajdih we;slrf.k wßhldka; YS,fha msysg, fï
oyug nyskak mq¨jka
fuh fkdfhla f;dgqm,j,a jf.a
oyug nysk ;eka ke;skï l%u rdYshla ;shkjd
kuq;a nyskafk oyï ..g
fï yeu ;eku l:dlrkafk
tlu oyu
nyskafk fldfyduo is;jeãfuka ;uhs
fï ksid Ndjkd .ek ys; ys; bkak jevla keye Tn kshu uf.a kï

56
wms oeka fu;kos lrkak yokafk
iS,h oshqkq lr.ekSu lsh, meyeos,sju fmakjdfka
kuq;a wms oeka fï lrk Ndjkd tfykï fudkjgo lsh, ñ,.g m%Yakhla tkjfk?
fu;kos iS,hg tkï iS,h mj;aj.kak Ndjkdj Woõfjkjd
ta lshkafk Njkdj iS,h jeãug Woõjk wx.hla
ta jf.au .uk fõ.j;a lrkjd .uk ia:djrNdjhg m;alsÍu ;uhs fuhska
n,dfmdfrf;a;= fjkafk
oeka fïl tkï Ndjkdj fldfyduo fï .ukg jákafk lsh, nqÿka lshmq fjk;a
;eka wrf.k ú.%y lrkak mq¨jka
n,kak

iìnmdmiai wlrkx
l=i,iai Wmiïmod
iÉ;a; mßfhdaomkx
ta;x nqoaOdkqidikx

fï yeu nqÿjrfhlau f,dal i;ajhdg lrk wkqYdikdj

fudllao wkq.ukh l,hq;= m%;smodj tfyï msákau fu;k ;shkj
uu fïl idudkHfhka lrk w¾: oelaùulg jvd fjk;a úoshlg w¾:olajkjd
t;fldg Thf.d,a,kag fmfkhs Ndjkdfjka wms fï lrkafk fudllao lsh,
l, hq;af;a fudllao lsh,
wms ne¨fj;a “iìnmdmiai wlrkx”
fï lshkafk ish¨ wl=i,a j,ska ñfokak, w;ayßkak
“l=i,iai Wmiïmod” l=i,a iïmdokh lrkak,tl;= lrkak, l=if,a fhfokak,
”iÉ;a; mßfhdaomkx” fu;k Ndjkd lrkak is; oukh lrkak hk w¾;h fokak
mq¨jka
“ta;x nqoaOdkqidikx” fuhhs nqÿkaf.a wkqidikh.
kuq;a uu TSl fjk úêhlg fufyu lshkjd
fu;k iÉ;a; mßfhda omkx
ke;akï i -É;a; ish¨ is;a oukh lrkak.
fï is; lshkafka fudllao ?
is; we;sjqfka fldfyduo?
oeka n,kak is; we;sfjkafk bka¯shka my ksidfka
b¯sh mfyka f;drj is;la we;sfjkjdo? we;sfjkafk keye
ufkaka¯h u;lh ydr,d w;S;fhka is;la we;sl,;a
ta u;lh kej;;a fï b¯hka mfyka .;a; fohlauhs
ufkaka¯hg we;a;gu is;a we;slrkak neye
mrk u;l .nvdjg nysk fodrgqj fïl
n,kak weyela ke;s flfkl=g plaLq ú{dk we;sfjkafka keye
Wmam;a;sfhka ìysfrl=g fida; ú{dk we;sfjkafk keye
ta ksid ;uhs Wmka wkaofhl=g Wmka ìysfrl=g
fidajdka fjkak neye lsh, lsõfj
;s%fya;=l m%;sikaê ,dNsfhl=g ú;rhs fïl lrkak mq¨jka lsh, lsõfj talhs.
ke;sj ufkaka¯fhka Th Tlafldu ú{dk we;sfjkjd kï
tfyu lshkak TSk keyefk
fï lshkafka b¯shka mfya iïnkaOhlska f;drj is;la my, fjkak neye
tfykï oukh lrkafk fudllao? fï ys;
is; we;sjqkdu oukh lrkjdg jvd
we;sfjkak l,ska oukh lrk tl ;uhs fyd|
we;sfjkak biafi,a,d fudkjdo?

57
hfula b¯shka yh oukh lr.;af;d;a fudlo fjkafk
wl=i,a is;sú,s we;sfjkafk ke;skï, wl=i,a uq,a ls%hd;aul ke;akï fudlo fjkafk,
tfykï fï b¯shka yh ;=,ska wl=i,a is;sú,s f.dvkef.kafka keye
fï É;a;hka oukh lrdu fjkfoa
tfykï fu;k kslïu “iìn mdmiai wlrkx” yß fkao?
wksla me;af;ka f,!lsl mD;ckhdf.a f,daN, foafõI, fuday whska l,;a
is;sú,s ysia fjkafka keyefk
oeka wf,daN, wfoai, wfuday uq,a j,ska is;a Wmoskafka
oeka fï fudlo fjkafka “l=i,iai Wmiïmod” l=i,a fkdfjhso fï iïmdokh lrkafk.
tfykï “iÉ;a; mßfhda omkx” fï is;,
is; oukh lrmq ksid ;uhs fïl we;sjqfka. n,kak fï ;=k fjk fjku lrkak
fkfuhs lsh, ;sfhkafka
tlla lrk fldg wksla fol bfìu jefvkjd
fï oyu fjkalrkak neye lsh, uu kej; kej; lshkafk talhs
fïl fjkalrkak neye. fïl oyu. fï iajNdjh.
fïl tlla n,kak wmsg .iafmakj, jd;h fmakj, j;=r brt,sh mia ;shkj wms ys;uq
fu;kska jd;h ú;rla whska lr, l:dlr, wks;a tajd .ek l:dlrkj lsh, .
tfykï .ia b;=refjhso?
fï Tlafldu tlla ta iajNdjh tlla u; tlla /fokafk.
;ksj tllgj;a meje;aula keye.
fï tllaj;a fjkalrkak neye.
tajf.au ;uhs fï yeu fohlau.
tfykï fï is; ke;akï b¯hka my oukh l,du wl=i,a j,ska ñfokjd
l=i,a iïmdokh lrkjd.
fukak fï b¯shka my oukh lrkak tla;rd úoshl Ndjkd l%uhla wkq.ukh
lrkjd. fï fudllao? “i;s”
ta lshkafka fudllao? isysfhka hqla;jqkdu b¯shka myu oukh fj,d.
ta oukh fjkfldg wl=i,a uq,a ls%hd;aulùu kej;s,d.
oeka n,kak fu;k iS,h fkfuhso?
iS,hka o fï /ls,;sfhkafk.
iS,fhka n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkafk. f,daN oafõI fuday kj;d,Su
wf,daN wfodai wfuday we;s lrkak.
wl=i,a kj;,d l=i,a iïmdokh lsÍu.
fï ;uhs “iìnmdmiai” .d:dfjka lshfjkafka.
oeka n,kak Ndjkdj iS,h rlskak Woõjk yeá.
n,kak uq,ska is; oukh lrkak b¯hka oukh lrkak mq¨jka b;du iq¨fjka.
ál ál hkfldg fudlo fjkafk
fï oukh l,yels m%udkh j¾Okh fjkjd
n,kak fufyu álla hkfldg mqoa.,hd isysfhka hqla;hs
Tkak mqoa.,hd isysfhka hqla; fjkfldg
bfìu i;r i;smáGdkh jefvkak mgka .kakjd
fïl Tn leu;sjqk;a wlue;sjqk;a isÿfjkjd lsh,d uu meyeos,sj lshkjd
Tkak nqÿyduqÿrefjd fudlo lsh, ;sfhkafk fï .ek.
hfula ldh.;d i;sh jvkak wrNhso
Tyq Tyqf.a ksjka fodrújD; lr.kS.
fï lshkafka fudllao? fï i;sh yßhgu mQ¾k;ajhg m;afjkfldg i;r i;smáGdkh
jefvkjd uq¿ lhu oefkkjd
n,kak uq¨ lhu oefkk mqoa.,fhl=g

58
lh ms,sn| ye.Sula we;sfjkafka keoao?
uq¨ we.mqrd f,a .uka lrkjd oefkkjd.
n,kak uq¨ lhu fufkys fjkjd.
fï ldhdkqmiaikd.
fï f,a .ukalrkjd, kdä jevlrkjd oefkkjd.
fï oekSufk. fï oefkkafk l=ulao? fõokdj.
fï fõodkqmiaikd. fï lh fõokd ms,sn| ye.Su .;af; fldfykao? isf;ka.
tfykï fï É;a;dkqmiaikd.
Tyq fïlg leue;a;la wlue;a;la keoao? Oïudkq miaikd.
oeka n,kak. fï hkafka O¾u;djhla.
fïjd fno, f¾Ldjla .y, fjkalrkak neye.
fu;k wjYH ksjeros wdrïNhla ú;rhs.
fu;k ldhdkqmiaikd fõodkqmiaikd lsh lshd fjkalrkak neye.
fïjd fnokak neye. fjkalrkak neye.
fï iajNdjh h:d¾:h
oyu wjYH fjkafk meyeos,s lsÍula lrf.k ksjeros wdrïNhla ,nd.kak
bka miq Tyq bfì is; jefvk ud¾.fha hkjd
oekqj;aj fyda fkdoekqj;aj b,lalh lrd hkjd. fu;k i;ri;smáGdkh lshkafka
fudllao? fï w;aú|Sï mrmqr fyj;a w;aú|sula ,nk úosh
tkï uu iy f,dalh uf.ka fjkalr, yÿk.kayÿk.kak úosh
ta jf.au is;sú,sj,g megf,kafk ke;sj uq,ska mgka.kak oekSu miqj u;lh
mdúÉÉlr, yÿk.k th uu mokïlrf.k ug n,mdk f,i is;sú,s my, lsÍu
olajd úldYkh jk ls%hdj,shhs
tkï wixl;h fyj;a Yla;sfha is; oekSu my,ùu ta ;=,ska w;S; u;l Yla;sh
Ndú;fhka f,dj yÿkd.ekS
yÿkd.ekSu fyj;a f,djwe;sùu fuh uu lsh, Wmdodkh lr,
is;sú,s my,lsÍu fï ;uhs Nj.dñj fm!oa.,sl wkkH;djhlska .uka lrk Yla;s
msxvh
fï ;uhs mxpialkaoh we;sfjk úêh we;sùu j¾;udkfha we;sjk kdu rEm fyj;a
mxpialkaO úksúO oelSu i;r i;smáGdkh fuhhs

oeka n,kak fn!oaOhd lshkafk ljqo?

fï OïudkqOïum%;smodfj hk flkd.
Tyqg O¾uh ms,sn| meyeos,sfj,d ;uhs ksjeros wdrïNhla wrf.k ;sfhkafka.
fï fn!oaO lshkafk nqoaêu;a i;ajfhl=g.
ta ksid ;uhs thdg fï ál wdrïN lr.kak mq¨jka jqfka.
thd oeka OïudkqOïu m%;smodfj.
oeka thd fidajdka uf.a.
oeka ;udg leue;af;kaj;a whska fjkak neye.
fïl ksjka keu;s ievmyr.
fï ksid ;uhs lsõfj “ta Tyqf.a f.%da;%hhs”. “ta Tyqf.a kduhhs” lsh,d
f.%da;%h ldgj;a fjkia lrkak neyefk.
yev myrlg yiqjkafka Tyq .idf.k hkjd ksjk olajd.
t;fldg fï hkafka bfì fkfuhso?
Wjukdfjkaj;a fjkia lrkak neye lsõfj talg.
fu;k fyd|g u;l ;shd.kak lsisu ;ekl keye Wjukdfjka lrk fohla.
Tyq bfì hkjd.
fn!oaOlu OïudkqOïu m%;smodj Tyq Wjukdfjka ,nd.;a;g miafi
Tyq bfì hkjd ksjk lrd.

59
ta wjYH O¾u;d tlsfkl ,.dfjñka hkjd
fï is; jefvñka hkjd.
fïl ;uhs ke;af; fmdf;a
tal lrkak fïl lrkak lshkjd
kuq;a uu lshkjd wjYH ksjeros wdrïNhla mukhs lsh,
ksjerosj wrTkak t;fldg wjYH ;ekg hhs.
Th is;sú,s .ek ;uhs wms fï ;rï fj,d l;dlf,a
n,kak weyska rEmhla oelSu lshk ls%hdj,sh
mxpialkaohla we;sùula.
ta lshkafka ?m, fõokd, ix{d, ixialdr, ú{dkhla we;sùula.
fï fudkjdo? kdu, ?m
ta lshkafka fudllao?i;ajhd
t;fldg wms
wruqkla yd .eá, is;la we;sfjkjd lshkafka
mxpialkaOhla yokjd i;ajhd we;sfjkjd fïl mxpialkao je,la.
fïl tlla u; tlla f;rla ke;sj we;sfjkjd ke;sfjkjd.
fïl ks;H keye.
kuq;a fï kdu ?m iuQy mrïmrd jYfhka ,x ,xj bmso bmso ì|s ì|S hkjd.
fïl wfma b¯hkag w,a,.kak neye.
isf;a fõ.h wvqhs.
fï f,daflu ks;H ;djhla fmakjd.
fïflka lshkafka wjqreoaola ;sì, ke;sfj,d hk wks;H;djh fkdfjhs.
;;amrhlg oi oyia jdr .kkska ,. ,. ì|s ì|S hk kdu rEmj, iajNdjh.
wms Wodyrkhlg úÿ,s n,anhla .;af;d;a
;;amrhlg mkia jdrhla muk ksfukjd m;a;=fjkjd.
kuq;a wfma weyeg m;a;=fj,d ;shk f,iu fmakjd.
fï kdu ?m ;;amrhlg oioyia jdrfhka bmso bmso ì|s ì|S hkjd.
fï wjfndaOlr.; fkdyels ;;ajh ksid wmsg ta lshkafka is;g wjfndaOjk foa ks;H
úoshg wjfndaO fjkjd oefkkjd.
fï ;;ajh fya;=m,hs.
fïl ;uhs h:d iajNdjh.
kdu ?m j, meje;au talhs.
kdu rEm ls%hd;aul ùu ;=, fya;=m,j we;sjk
mxpialkao mrmqrla fu;k ;shkjd úkd “uu” lsh, flfkla keye.
fï isoaê lrk fjk foúfhla n%yaufhl=;a keye.
fya;= m,hs máÉpiuqmamkakhs.
tfykï wkd;auhs
kuq;a wmsg fu;k ú|skafkla
oefkkafkla bkakjd lshk
wd;añh ;;ajh ;uhs wjfndaO fjkafka.
fudlo fu;k fya;= iuQyhl m%;sm,hla lsh, f;afrkafka keye.
;u ;udf.a woyia yeáhg
;udf.a leue;a; yeáhg
;udg n,fhkau md,kh lrkak mq¨jka
ta ú;rla fkfuhs wka wh;a md,kh lrkak yels flfkla fu;k bkakjd lsh,fk
ysf;kafka
wruqkq b¯hka yd .egqkq ú.i fï we;sfjñka ke;sfjñka hk ls%hdj,sh fjkalr,
yÿk.kak neye
mxpialkao we;sfjkjd tal ke;sfjkjd kej; we;sjkjd

60
Th wdoS jYfhka fjkalr.k yÿk.kak neye.
hula ÿlkï tal uuh uf.a wd;au jYfhka .ekSu iqÿiq keye lsh, lsõjd.
tkï ;udf.a leue;a;la ke;sju úkdYjk,
ke;sfj,d hk fohlg uf.a lsh, lshkak neye lsõjd.
oeka kej; n,uqfld is;sú,a, lshk tl.
is;sú,a,la lshkafka mxpialkaOhla.
tfyu ke;skï kdu, rEm f.dvla ke;skï i;ajhd.
fïfla we;a; iajNdjh fudllao? wks;Hhs ÿlhs, wkd;auhs.
kuq;a fï b¯hkaf.a ÿn, nj isf;a ;shk fõ.fha wvqlu ksid
wmsg fudlo fj,d ;sfhkafka.
fï f;rla ke;sj we;sfjk ke;sfjk mxpialkaO mrmqr ks;Hhs.
fï ;=, “uu” bkakjd. wd;auhs. ta ksid iqLhs.iem fokak Tsks lsh, ys;kjd.
is;sú,a,la lshkafka tl me;a;lska i;ajhd lshk tl
wksla me;af;ka f,dalh ms,sn| oekSu wjfndaOùu lshk tl.
fï wjfndaOh yeu fj,dfju jeroshs.
fï mxpialkaOh we;=f, weySu wyk oelSï olsk oekSï oefkk is;Sï is;k fjku
flfkla fjku iajNdjhla fjku meje;aula iajdêk tallhla fuys ;shkjd
fjkia fkdjk uu flfkla bkakjd lshk jeros wjfndaOh tkjd ta ksid ;uhs ;kaydj
we;sfjkafka.
fïjdfha t,a,s,d bkafka talhs.
uu ú|Sug we;s wdYdj ksid
uu fï b¯shka úIfhys ,efnk w;aoelSï ugu whs;slr.kak nod.kak yokjd. Tsl
;uhs Wmdodkh lr .ekSu.
oeka n,kak fï ál,
wefyka .kak wruqkq hï isoaêhla jqkdg
th wms.dj b;sß lr.kafka u;lhla úosyg.
fïl ;uhs wms ix{d lshkafka.
fïl tla;rd Yla;s úfYaIhla.
;j me;a;lska th is;ays .=k iajNdjhka lsh, lshkak mq¨jks.
.skaor .;af;d;a tys we;s j¾kh, oSma;sh, riafk oe,af,a we;s os., m,,, Wi, thska
we;sjqk wdf,dalh. fï ;uhs .skaof¾ .=k iajNdjhka.
oeka is;la .kak.
tys ;shkjd f,daN, oafõI, fuday, wf,daN, woafõI, wfuday, fl%daO, udk, B¾IHd, Nh
iel, mS%;sh, fu;a;d, uqos;d lrekd wdoS .=k iajNdjhka rdYshla
fïj ;uhs. is;sú,a,l b;sß fjk ixialdr lshk Yla;sh fjkafka
n,kak .skaor j, Th ,Ìk ish,a,gu uq,ajqfka riakfha m%udkh
ta jf.au is;ays Th .=k iajNdjh we;slr.kak uq,ajk tajd ;uhs
l=I,a uq,a wf,daN woafõI wfuday
wl=I,a uq,a f,daN oafõI fuday
fï wl=i,a l=i,a uq,a we;sjkak fya;=j fï w;aú|Sï mrmqr ;=, “uu” flkla bkakjd
lshk oeä ms,s.ekSuhs
fï is;sú,s uq,a ;uhs is;aj, Th lshk iajNdjhla we;sfjkak uq,afjkafka
fï is;sú,s ;uhs wks;a me;af;ka kej; fï kdu rEm yokak fya;= fjkafka
ta lshkafka wr is;sú,a, ksid Wmdodk jQ Yla;Ska ;uhs ixialdr.
fïl pl%hlajf.a.
fï is;sú,af,a Yla;s fuf,i kej; kdu rEm yok tl ke;akï Yla;Skaf.a Wmdodkh
ixialrkh tfyu;a ke;skï fï f.dvla jYfhka ;sfhkafk fudlo ? fï i;ajhd .ek

61
we;s jeros wjfndaOh ksid w;aú|Sula ;=, uu bkakjd lshk wjfndaOh ksid ;kaydj
ygf.k wruqkqflf¾ oeäf,i we,s,d
“uuh” “uf.ah” lsh, yeu is;sú,a,lau ta .=k iajNdjhka úfhdackh fkdù tl ;ekl
f.dv.efykjd.
fï ;uhs is;=ú,sj, Wmdodkh lsÍfï iajNdjfha m%;sm,h.
fï Yla;s Wmdodkh Wkyu fudlo fjkafka
Njh yokj.
t;fldg ;;amrhlg oioyiajdr .kkska is;sú,s yokjd.
is;=ú,s Yla;sh Wmdodkh ksid “uu” lshk tl flaka¯lrf.k f.dv.efykjd
fï f.dvg wms lshkjd mxpWmdodkialkaOh lsh, .
fï Yla;s úfhdackh fkdù Wmdodkh l, ksid ;uhs
t;fldg Nj.dñj hk fï Yla;s msxvh yeos, ;sfhkafka.
fï Wmdodkh Wkq is;sú,s Yla;sh ish iajrEmh kdu, rEm, wrEm Njhkays fjkia
iajrEm .ksñka kej; úfhdackh fkdù kuq;a fjkia fjñka .uka lrkjd.
fï n,kak
is;sú,a,la tfyka msákau Njh, ixidrh, i;ajhd fï ld,h, fN!;sl;ajh yo, ;shk
úosh.
oeka wms is;sú,a, fudllao okakjd.
wms oeka fuf;la lshñka ysáfh fï is;sú,a, .ek fkdokak ksid fï is;sú,a, ;=,ska
uu lshk fndrem%nkaOh yok yeá fkdokakd neúka
ixidrh lshk uyd >k jkdka;rfha w;r ux fj,d Tfya lerflkjd lsh,fk.
tfykï fidajdka fjkjd lsõfj ksh; jYfhkau fï lef,ka t,shg tkak mdr
mgka.kak ;ekg ta ixosia:dkhg tkjd lshk tl.
tfykï oeka is;sú,a, yokafk ljqo fldfyduo lsh, okakjdkï ta is;sú,sj, .=k
iajNdjhka fjkia lr, fï iifrka ñfokak yßhg mdr fydhd.kak mq¨jks.
ljqo fï is;sú,s yokafk ? uu
t;fldg is; is;sú,s yokak m%Odk jYfhka fya;=jk wx. ;uhs l=i,a yd wl=i,a uq,a.
oekg wms fï .eTqrg hkafka ke;=j fï wms bkak uágug .e,fmk f,i
mD;ckNdjfha isg fidajdka m,h olajd fï is; lshk tl f.akak Tsks.
f,daN oafõI fuday ;=kS lrk m%;smodjlg nysk tlhs fï lshkafka
t;fldg is;sú,s j, .=k iajNdjhka fjkia fjkjd.
Bg miafi wms fï ixidrfhka tf.dv fjkak mq¨jka ksh; iïfndaê ud¾.hg
msúfikjd. fï ;uhs is;=ú,af,a we;s jeo.;alu.

b;ska wms l:djg neiafi fidjdka fjkak Ndjkdj wjYHo lsh, fydhkakfk
oeka Th f.d,a,kag u jegfykjd we;s Ndjkdj wjYHuo? wjYH keoao? Ndjkdfjka
is;g fudllao fjkafk wdosh
fïl ud¾.hla, is; oekSu we;slrkjd, ta ls%hdj,sh úYaf,aIkh l,du fmakjd
mxpialkaO úoshg, fï oekSu “ug” “wefykjd” “fmakjd” “olskjd” “ys;kjd” lshk
úoshg mxpialkaO f;afrkjd
is;sú,s “uu” flfkla m%nkaO lrkjd wks;a me;af;ka fï “uu” bkak ksid ;uhs
is;sú,s yg.kafka
t;fldg wms hkak yok fï ud¾.h is; oshqkqlrk ud¾.hla
ta lshkafka is;sú,s ke;slr, uu flfkla fuys ke;snj wjfndaO lr.kak lrk
W;aidyhla
fï ud¾.h iS, iudê m%{d lshk ;s% YsÌdfjka hqla;hs
fï ud¾. lE,s j,g lv, fu;k boka fuf;kag iS, t;k boka Ndjkd lsh, lvkak
neye

62
fudlo fïl isf;ys we;sjk oshqkqjla iS,h jefvk fldg Ndjkd m%{d Tlafldu
jefvkjd fudlo fïjd Tlafldu tlla
tl is;la jefvkjd
tal yskao lrkak Tsk jefä f;areï wrf.k lrkak fldhsl fldfydu l,;a
tlsfklg Woõfjkjd kuq;a yßhg yßfoa lrk tlhs jeo.;a
tfyukï fidajdka fjkak Njkdj wjYHuo keoao hkak fydh fydhdbkafk ke;sj
O¾uh ms,sn|j o¾Ikh jeäoshqkqlr.ksñka YS, iudê m%{ hk ish,a,u oshqKQlr
.ekSu fyj;a is; jeäuhs wfma tlu wruqk úhhq;af;a

2-15 fidajdka M, ,dNsfhl= w;s

w;ska isÿfkdjk jeros fudkjdo?
fudkjdo
uu fïlg b;du flá ms,s;=rla fokakï
n,kak Lq ks $ Lqoaol mdG md,sfha$ r;k i%;%fha
h fukak fufyu i|yka fjkjd
fidajdka nj iu. ilaldh osáGs, úÉlsÉpd, iS,ìn; mrdudio hk fï O¾u ÿrelrk
,oafoa fõ i;r wmdfhka ñÿfk;a fjhs mjq yhla lsÍug kqiqÿiafila fjhs
fï mjq yh jYfhka i|yka ù we;af;a wdkka;Íh mdm l¾u my iy ñ;Hd ÿIaGshhs
wx.=;alr ksldfha wáGlmd,sfha fidajdka mqoa.,hl= w;ska fkdflfrk jro kuhla
olajd we;

1 lsisu ixialdrhla ks;H f,i ie,lSu

2 lsisu ixialdrhla iem f,i ie,lSu
3 lsisu ixialdrhla wd;auh f,i ie,lSu
4 uj ueÍu
5 mshd ueÍu
6 ry;=ka ueÍu
7 nqÿka isrer f,a fi,ùu
8 ix> fNaoh
9 wkH Ydi;Djrfhla weoySu

2-16 fidajdka m, ,eìfuka uyd krl fm%a;Nj j, bmoSu iyuq,ska ke;sù

Nj y;lg iSudù, dù wkka; Njj,ska ñfokjd hkafkys woyi l=ulao ?
fidajdka m,hg meñkSu ksid úisjeoEreï ilaldh oDYaákao, foieg ñ;H oDYaákao
;s%úo ksh; ñ;Hd oDYAáo, wgfldka úÉlsÉpdo, ish¨ ñ;H m%;smodjkaf.kao ñfok
neúka ish¨ ÿ¾.;sj,ska bmoSfuka iyuq,skau ñfokjd
ljodyß ojil ñ;Hd oDIaá úÉlsÉpdjka ñ;Hud¾. ÿrefldg fidajdka u.g wdj kï
t;k boka ú|Skak ;snQ wm%udk ÿla tu.ska úkdYhg m;afjkjd
fuysoS fidajdka ùu;a iu.u wm%udkjQ Nh Wm¯jhka yd flf,iaj,ska ñfokjd
fï ñfok flf,ia m%udkh ixfla;j;a lrk úfYaI iQ;% lsysmhla ;shkjd i.ksks.$iÉp
ixhq;sfha$wNsiuh j¾.fha
th Tnieuf.a wjOdkhg wms bosßm;a lrkjd
fuh Wmqgd .;af;a fn!oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh u.ska iïmdokh l, isxy,
i%;%msgl .%ka:ud,d ldkav j,ska

kLisLd i%;%h
Nd.Hj;=ka iykafia ksh w.ska mia álla f.k NslaIqka wu;d “uyfKks,l=ula woyia
lrkakyqo?ud úiska ksh w.ska .;a fï mia ál b;d jeäo?fï uyfmd<jo?”
iajdñks,fï uyfmd<j u úYd,hs Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ksh w.ska .;amia b;d álhs
iei|SfïoS….mx.=fjka mx.=jlg;a fkd ths

63
tfukau uyfKks,p;=iai;HdjfndaO l< osáGs iïmkak wd¾h mqoa.,hd f.a laIh jQ
ÿlu úYd,hs…tfyhska uyfKks,…..W;aidy l< hq;=hs

fmdlaLrKS i%;%h
uyfKks,hï fia fhdÿka mkyla os. fhdÿka mkyla m<, fhdÿka mkyla .eTqre lg
.id msreKq lmqgkag;a msh yels fmdl=Kla fjhs ñksfila l=I;K w.ksla thska osh
.kS
“uyfKks,l=ula is;kakyqo?l=ula b;d jeäo? l=I ;K w.ska .;a c,ho?fmdl=fKys jQ
c,ho?”iajdñks,fmdl=fKys jQ c,hu b;d jeäh….iei|SfïoS mx.=fjka mx.=j;=la
fkdfjhs tfyhska uyfKks,…..W;aidy l< hq;=hs

iïfNcac I%;%h
uyfKks,hï fia fï .x.d huqkd wÉrj;S irN+ uyS hk uy.x.d tlajk ;ekla fjhs
kï t;ekska mqreIfhla osh ìÿ fol ;=kla .kS uyfKks l=ula is;kakyqo?
l=ula jvd jeäo? .;a osh ìÿfol ;=ko ?ke;akï tlajQ c,ho?”iajdñks,Q tlajQ c,hu
úYd,hs….iei|SfïoS mx.=fjka mx.=j;=la fkdfjhs tfyhska uyfKks,…..W;aidy l<
hq;=hs

ÿ;sh iïfNcac i%;%h

uyfKks,hï fia fï .x.d…. uyS hk uy.x.d tlaj .,k tlajk ;ek osh ìÿ
fol ;=kla b;sßj laIh ù is|S hhs uyfKks l=ula is;kakyqo?
l=ula jvd jeäo? laIh jQ isÿkq c,ho?ke;akï b;sßjQ fo;=ka oshnÿjo?”iajdñks,
laIh jQ isÿkq ….tlajQ c,hu b;d jeäh …iei|SfïoS mx.=fjka mx.=j;=la fkdfjhs
tfyhska uyfKks,…..W;aidy l< hq;=hs

mGú i%;%h
uyfKks,mqreIfhla fvnr weg I;la muK fnda,hla ;nhs kï l=ula is;kakyqo
uyfKks,l=ula jvd f,dl=o?fvnr weg I; muK fnda,ho?uyfmd<jo?””iajdñks,fï
uyfmd<j u f,dl=hs….iei|Sfuka mx.=fjkq;a mx.=jla fkdfjhs…tfyhska
uyfKks…W;aidy l,hq;=hs

iuqoao i%;%h
uyfKks,ñksfila uy uqyqfoka oshìÿ fol ;=kla .kS..l=ula b;d jeäo? .;a osh ìÿ
fol ;=ko?uqyqfoys jQ c,h o?iajdñks,uy uqyf
q oys c,hu b;d jeähs…uyfKks
tfyhska uyfKks…W;aidy l,hq;=hs

ÿ;shiuqoao i%;%h
uyfKks,uy uqyqfoys osh ìÿ fol;=kla lsìh oS laIh fjhs…isf|hs… l=ula b;d
jeäo? laIh ù is|S .sh c,ho?b;sß jQ osh ìÿ fol ;=ko?iajdñks,laIh jQ is|S .sh
c,hu b;d jeähs… tfyhska uyfKks…W;aidy l,hq;=hs

ysupka; i%;%h
uyfKks,mqreIfhla ysuj;a m¾j; rdchdf.ka wn weg ;rï .,aleg y;la f.k
;nhs…l=ula jvd f,dl=o?f.k;enQ wn weg ;rï .,aleg i;o? ysuj;a m¾j;
rdchdo? iajdñks, ysuj;a m¾j; rdchdu jvd f,dl=hs…tfyhska uyfKks…W;aidy
l,hq;=hs

ÿ;shysupka; i%;%h

64
uyfKks, ysud,h m¾j; rdchd wn weg ;rï .,aleg y;la ;nd laIh ùug f.ùug
m;afjhss…l=ula jvd f,dl=o?laIh jQ f.jqKq ysud,hd m¾j; rdchdo? b;sßjQ wn
weg ;rï .,aleg i;o? iajdñks, laIh jQ f.jqKq ysud,h m¾j; rdchdu úYd,hs
…tfyhska uyfKks…W;aidy l,hq;=hs

fï ;=,ska Tng meyeos,s fjkak Tsks fidajdka M,h ,nk flfkl=f. ke;sjk tfyu
ke;akï laIh jk flf,ia m%udkh yd b;sßjk flf,ia m%udkh.
fï wkqj ;uhs wmsg is;d.kak mq¨jka fjkafk fidajdka M, ,dNshd úiska wm%dudk jQ
flf,ia m%udkhla Ìhl, we;s nj;a b;sß m%udkh kej; Wmßu jYfhka Nj y;l
bmoSug Yla;shla ;sìh yels nj;a

2-17 fidajdka m,fhys wdksixi yh fudkjdo?

fudkjdo
fidajdka m,h wdksixi ms,sn|j oelafjk m%Odk i%;%hla ;shkjd n,kak w ks $fojk
mKaKdilfha $wdksixi j¾.fha $wdksixi i%;%h ta wkqj fukak fï M, yh fidajka
ùfï wdksixihs

1 ioaO¾ufha ksh;fõ
2 fkdmsßfyk iajNdjh we;sfõ
3 wjika l, ÿla fkdths
4 widOdrk {dkfhka hqla; fjhs ^ilald osáGsh ke;sùu&
5 Tyq úiska fya;=ukdj olakd ,oafoa fjhs
6 fya;=fjka Wmka O¾uh;a ukdj olakd ,oafoa fõ

fidajdka M,h ,eìfï m%fhdackh f,i i%;%msglfha i%;% rdYshlu fï ms,sn| i|yka ù
we;s w;r i.ks
ks $fida;dm;a;s ixhq;sfha $ fõ¿oajdr j¾.fha $rdc i%;%fha my; i|yka
lrekq i|yka fõ

uyfKks,ilaú;s rc i;r uy osjhsfkys ftYap¾hdêm;s rdcHh lrjd lh nyd ;nd

urKska u;= ;õ;sid jeis foúhka yd tlaùug foõf,dj meñKSh;a,Tyq tys kkaok
jkfhys wmaird iuQyh msßjrdf.k osjHuh mxpldu .=Kfhka hqla;j,
iukaú;j,bÿrka mskjQj;a,Tyq O¾u y;rlska hqla; fkdjQfjls.tfyhska u Tyq ksrfhka
fkd ñÿfKls.;sßika fhdaksfhka fkdñÿfkls.fm%a; úIhfhka fkdñÿfkls.jeáhk ÿ.;s
wmdfhka fkdñÿfkls.uyfKks,wd¾h Y%djlhd msKavNdrfhka hemqK;a,lvu¨ oerej;a
Tyq O¾u y;rlska hqla; jQfjls.tneúka Tyq ksrfhka ñÿfKls, ;sßika fhdaksfhka
ñÿfKls.fma%; úIfhka ñÿfKls.jeá hk ÿ.;s wmdfhka ñÿfKls.

Lq ks $ Oïumo md,sfha$ f,dal j¾.hg wkqj

uq¿ uy fmd<fjysu rclu ,nkjdg;a jvd foõf,dj foõiem ,nkjdg;a jvd ish¨
f,dalhkays wêm;s fjkjdg;a jvd fida;dm;a;s M,hg m;aùu W;a;u fõ.

65
 ilaldh osáGsh ms,sn| ye|skaùula

ilaldh osáGsh ms,sn| ye|skaùula

fidajdka M,h ,eìug, ksh; jYfhka iïfndaêhg meñfkk ;;ajhg jeáug, uyd
krl j, fma%;Nj j, bmoS wmuk ÿlaú|sug m;aùfuka je,lSug, i;r wmdfhka
ñ|Sug, bosß Wmam;a;sh i;a Njhlg iSud lr .ekSug kï wms oeka okakjd oi
ixfhdack w;ßka ilald osáGsh, úÉlsÉpd, iS,ìn; mrdudi lshk ixfhdack O¾u ;=k
lvkak Tsks lsh,
fï w;=ßka ilaldh osáGsh lshk ixfhdack O¾uh Nj.dñj i;ajhd ne|;nk uQ,slu
ixfhdack O¾uhhs
fï ksid Th f.d,af,d woyia lr, ;shk úoshg fjkuu mßÉfcaohla fjkalr,
idlÉpd lsÍu b;du jákjd
^fuysoS ilaldh osáGsh hk ixl,amh .eTqßka wjfndaO lr.ekSu i|yd uQ,slj
oek.;hq;= lrekq lsysmhla we;s neúka ta uQ,sl lrekq fuu ixl,amh wjfndaO
lr.ekSug miqìu ilia lsÍu i|yd flám%Yak wdldrfhka my; ix.%y lr we;&

3-1 ilaldh osáGsh lshk ixl,amfha we;s jeo.;alu álla meyeos,s

lrkjdo?
lrkjdo

uu fufyu lshkakï
uq¨ fn!oaO o¾Ykhu leáfj,d ;sfhkafka fï ixl,amh jgd
fn!oaO o¾Ykh lsõjyu ta ;=, ;shk f,dal o¾Ykh
tkï f,dalh hkq l=ulao hk ú.%yh
th m%ldYlrk úuqla;sh yd úuqla;shg hk ud¾.h hk ;=ku fuysoS we;=,;a
oeka wms .;af;d;a f,dal iajNdjh yd úuqla;sh ms,sn| l, ú.%yh
b;du ir,j fláfhka fï jf.a woyila fokak mq¨jks
fï w;aú|Sï mrmqr ;=, lsisu i;aj mqoa., wd;au jYfhka fyda fjk;a fjkia fkdjk
iodld,sl tallhla mod¾;hla jYfhka fyda .;yels lsisu iajdëk meje;aula fï ;=,
keye
fï w;aú|Sï iajNdjh fya;=m,hs máÉpiuqmamkakhs ke;akï idfmaÌlhs lsh, lsõfj
wms oekgu okakjd w;aú|Sï mrmqrg lshkjd mxpialkaO lsh,
wks;a me;af;ka wms oelald mxpialkaOh wd;auh jYfhka .ekSu ilaldh osáGsh lsh,

66
ta lshkafka fï w;aú|Sï mrmqr ;=, lsishï ú|Sï ,nk fkdfjkiajk flfkla ke;akï
“uu” ú|Sï ,nñka hkjd lshk oekSu
Wodyrkhla úoshg .;af;d;a “ug weyqkd” lsõjyu t;k weySu lshk w;aú|Su
iïmQ¾k fjkjd
mxpialkaOhla we;sfj,d tys “uu” yd “weyqk yv” lshk fol we;sfjkjd
tfykï ta mxpialkaO ;=, fkfjkiajk mod¾;h tkï ñg biafi,a,d ysgmq “uu”
;uhs oeka yv wykafka lshk oekSu we;sfjkjd
ú|Su ;=, fkdfjkia udkisl mod¾;hla ;shkjd
fN!;sl f,dalfha fkdfjkiajk fN!;sl mod¾;hka ;shkjd
fï ;uhs ilaldh osáGsh
tkï mxpialkaOh wd;auh úoshg wrf.k ke;skï fï w;aú|Sï mrmqr ;=, i;ajhl=
mqoa.,fhl= wd;auhla ;shkjd lsh, f;areï wrf.k
fn!oaO o¾Ikfha oS f,dal ú.%y .ek l:dlrkfldg lsõfj fudllao
fï ú|Sï mrmqr ;=, i;H jYfhka fkdfjkiajk mod¾;hla keye
th fya;=m,hs máÉpiuqmamkakhs idfmaÌlhs ^fya;=m,jdoh&
ke;akï ish¨ mod¾;hkaf.ka Y+kHhs ^Y+kH;d jdoh&
tfyu;a ke;akï fï f,dalh ú|Sï mrmqr ú{ma;s ud;%hl ú;rhs lsh, ^ú{ma;s
ud;%;d isoaê jdoh&
tkï wkd;auhs lsh,
oeka tfykï wms w;.y, ;sfhkafka fn!oaO o¾Ykhg nysk ;ekosu ilaldh osáGsh
ke;skï mxpialkaOhla ;=, “uu” bkakjd lshk fï oDYaGsh ke;slrkak
tfykï fï wd;au lshk ms,s.ekSfï isg wdkd;auh olajd hkak biafi,a,d ta ms,sn|
we;s oDYAáh ke;slr.; hq;=hs hkak fuys woyihs
tfykï fn!oaO o¾Ikfha f,dal ú.%yh f.dkqfj,d ;sfhkafka fï ilaldh osáGsh
ixl,amh jgd hkak jegfykjd we;s
úuqla;sh ys;=j;a tkï ksjka oelSu .;a;;a tys uQ,sl yrh wkd;auh oelSu
ú|Sï mrmqr wd;aufhka Y+kHhs tkï ta iajNdjh “uu” keye
ta ksid “ld,h” fN!;sl;ajfhka Y+kHhs tkï kdu rEm j,ska Y+kHhs
fï kdu rEm ld,h wjldYh fN!;sl;ajh fï ish,a, mxpialkaOh w;aú|Sï mrmqr
“uu” “uf.a” jYfhka .ekSfï m%;sm,hhs
tfykï fï wkd;auh iajNdjfha m%;sm,h ;uhs úuqla;sh
tfykï t;kos;a fmakjd we;s ilaldh osáGsh lshk ixl,amh fl;rï jeo.;ao fï
wkd;au iajNdjh f;areïlr .kak lsh,
ñ,.g ud¾.h .;a;yu uq,ska mxpialkaOh ;=,ska wjfndaOjk fï wd;au iajNdjh
jeros lsh, oekSu ,nd.ekSu ilaldh osáGsh ke;s lsÍuhs
m%;smodj ielis,d ;sfhkafka ta úoshg
ñ,.g wkd;auh olskak ;uhs uq¨ m%;smodju yo, ;sfhkafka
t;fldg p;=rd¾H i;Hh, mxpialkaOh, mxpWmdodkialkaO, wdh;k, Od;=
máÉpiuqmamdoh, ;s%,Ìkh, i;sia fndaêmdlaIsl O¾u, ke;akï ;s%YslaId, wd¾h
wIaGdx.sl ud¾.h
fï ixl,am ;=, ;shk f,dalú.%h úuqla;sh yd thg hk ud¾. hk ish,af,ysu moku
ilaldh osáGshhs

3-2 ilaldh osáGsh fláfhka ks¾jpkh lrkjdo?

lrkjdo
mxpialkao “uu” “uf.a” jYfhka .ekSu ilaldh osáGShhs

3-3 ilaldh osáGSh ke;sfjkjd lshkafka fudllao?

mxpialkao “uu” “uf.a”a jYfhka fkd.ekSu

67
3-4 mxpialkaOh hkq l=ulao?
ñg biafi,a,;a ug ysf;kjd fï .ek l:dl,d kuq;a wms oeka b,lal lrk
ud;Dldjg wod,jk f,i fï jpkfha f;areu ;j fldakhlska n,uq
mxpialkaOhla lshkafka É;a; ffp;isl rEm lshk iuia; ls%hdj,sh ;=,ska w;aú|Sï
iliaùu lshkak mq¨jks
w;aú|Sula lshkafka ug weyqkd oekqkd oelald ys;=kd lshk ú|Sï iajNdjhka iliaùu
isÿjk l%uh hï ;d¾;sl wkqms,sfj,lg f.dkqlr, mxpialkaO lshk ixl,amh hgf;a
úia;r lsÍughs
tkï msßisÿ É;a; Yla;sh
ú{dkh lshk hka;%kh ;=,ska
fkdneÿk Yla;shla neÿk Yla;shla njg mßj¾;k fj,d ú|Sula ilia fjk iajNdjh
ñka úia;r fjkjd
fï iduqysl ls%hdj,sh rEm fõokd ix{d ixldrd ú{dk lshk f.dvj,a mfya
;sfhkafka
fuh kej; follg lv, kdu rEm jYfhka fnoSula ;shkjd
tkï w;aú|Su yg .ekSfï m%;sm,hla jYfhka ld,h iy fN!;sl;ajh ta ;=,ska
we;sùuhs
t;fldg mxpialkaOhla we;sfjkjd lshkafka fï É;a; lshk msßisÿ Yla;s iajrEmh
;=,ska ú{dkhla yg.kakd wdldrh úia;r lsÍu
tkï lsishï jQ Yla;Skaf.a ialkaOùula
fï tl;=ùu w;aú|Sula ilia lrkak hï ls%hdj,S iuQyhla isÿlrkjd
th wdldr mylg f.k fyda kdu rEm jYfhka follg fno, ú.%ylr, ;shkjd
t;fldg fu;k rEm lsõjyu YìO .kaO ri j¾k iam¾I ;uhs
ta lshkafka fï w;aú|sï ksid wmsg yuqjk tlla ;uhs fN!;sl nj
ta lshkafka ixfõoS mrdihlska hï tl fldgila w;aú|skak yelshs
fuys woyi yvla kï úYd, mrdihl yvlska hï fldgila mukhs w;aú|sh yelafla
tfyukï fN!;sl;ajh ìysfjkjd
wksl ;uhs kdu lshk fldgi
fu;k fõokd ix{d ixldrd ú{dk lshk ls%hdj,sh
ta lshkafka yvla hï flfkl=g wykak ie,eiaùu
fN!;sl;ajh ú|sug ie,eiaùu
fN!;sl;ajh oefkkakï tys fjki yÿkd.;hq;=hs ta ;uhs ú|Su
fï lshkafka ld,h we;sùuhs
t;fldg mxpialkaOh we;sùu lshkafka t;k ú|skakdg ld,h ;=, .uka lsÍuo
fN!;sl;ajh wjldIh w,a,d .ekSuo hk iajNdjhka jegySu ke;akï w;aú|Suhs
tfyukï mxpialakOh fyj;a kdu rEm ksid ld,h yd fN!;sl;ajhg wms megf,kjd
wms oeka fï w;aú|Sï iajNdjhg mxpialkaO lshkafka keye
w;aúkao fN!;sl iajNdjhg úúO kï od, yÿk.kakd ú|sug ld,h lsh, w;S;
wkd.; j¾;udk úoshg ukskj
t;fldg wms fï ú|sug lsõj fN!;sl;ajh ld,h ta lshkafka fu;k bkafka uu yd
f,dalh
wksl fyd|g ys;g .kak tl fudfyd; we;sjqk w;aú|Sulg ;uhs mxpialkaO lshkafka
ke;=j fï kdu rEm f.dv lsõjyu wjqreÿ yegla ye;a;Ejla ;=, we;sfjk kdu rEm
f.dfä tl;=jg tfyu fkfuhs th mxpWmdodkialkaOhhs
tl j¾;udk fudfyd;l we;sjqk ú|Su fï mxpialkaOhhs
fuh ms,sn| ;jÿrg;a n,kak i ks $nkaOl j¾.fha $nkaOl ixhq;sfha $ucacu
mKaKdilfha$ Wmh j¾.fha$ ìc i%;%h

3-5 mxpialkaOhla we;sjkafka fldfyduo?

fldfyduo

68
wms oeka okakjd mxpialkaO lshkafka w;aú|Sula ilialrk ls%hdj,shg
fï mxpialkaOhla we;sjqkd lshkafka ú{khla yg.kakjd lshk tl;a okakjd
ú{dk yh j¾.hla ;shkjd lsh, okakjd
ta jf.au weySu oekSu oelSu is;Su lshk isoaê y;r ú{dkhla we;sùu ksid
we;sfjkjd lsh,;a okakjd
wks;a me;af;ka ug weyqkd lshkafka ú{dkhla we;sjqkd lshk tlg nj okakjd
fï ú{dk w;rla f;rla ke;sj we;sfjkjd hkak;a jegfykjd
ta jf.au mxpialkaOhla cSú;h újD;jk ljq¨j jk j¾;udk fudfydf;a we;sjqk
w;aú|Su lsh,;a okakjd
oeka wms fï miqìï oekSu;a ysf;a ;shdf.k fï ú{dkhla ke;akï fï mxpialkaohla
we;sjk yeá álla fydh, n,uq
ta wkqj plaLq ú{dkhla we;sjk úosh oeka n,uq
oeka wei rEmhla yd .egqkyu fï rEmh ms,sn| o;a; úoahq;a ridhksl m%;spdr
(Electro chemical responses) jYfhka fud,fha fldgila lrd hkjd
fïl msßisÿ É;a; Yla;sh lshkak mq¨jks
fud,fha we;sjk ls%hdj,sh ;=,ska fuh ;=, we;s rEmhla yÿk .kakjd ukfia we;s
mrk o;a; yd ixikaokh lr,
rEmh wÿk .;a; úg uu bosßfha ta rEmh we;snj yefÕkjd
fï ;uhs plaLq ú{dkh we;sùu
uu iy rEmh fu;k we;sfjkjd
fï ú{dkh we;sjqkd lshkafka t;fldg
b¯shka wruqkla yd .egqkyu we;sjk ta lïmkh iamkaokh fyda p,kh
w;S; u;l ;=,ska w¾;hg ke.Sulaa ke;akï fu;k ta mrk u;l kslï lkakdähla
jf.a ta lkakdäh ;=, fï rEfm jegqkyu yÿk.;a;yu uu rEm lsh, f,dj
folvùu isÿfjkjd
oeka wms uq,ska l:dl, msßisÿ É;a; Yla;sh fjklr, fno, ú{dkhla njg yeß,
oeka ud úiska rEmhla olskjd
fï rEm yÿkd.ekSu ;=, ÿl iem ueos y;a jYfhka fõokd yg.kakjd
oeka fï fõokd ksid fÉ;kd yg.kakjd
fï ;uhs plaLq ú{dkh ;=, yomq “uu” lshk tallhg fï oekSu iliaùfïoS isÿjk
Ndckh jk ls%hdj,sh
fï fÉ;kd ;=, Yla;sh jeäùula ls%hd;aul njla jf.a ygf.k is; lh jok ls%hdjg
k.kak ;,a¨ lrkak ;rï Yla;shla Wmokjd
ñ,.g fï plaLq ú{dkh u;lfha ,shd ;nkjd
u;lfha ,shd wjika jqkdu fï plaLq ú{dkh bjrhs
fï lshkafka oeka lh yd uki tl;=fj,d yomq “uu” iy ta “w;aú|Su” wjika
oeka ta uu ish,a,u w;yßkjd
ta w;aú|Sï ;=, we;sjqk uu lshk tallhg lhla ke;sj mj;skak neye
oeka ta yeÿkq uu;a keye lh;a keye
oeka w¨;a ú{dkhlg “uu” yokak w¨;a lhla Tsks
fu;kos ta plaLq ú{dkh is;sú,s we;slrkak ufkda ú{dk we;s lrkak iu;a fjkjd
ta ;=,ska ye.Sï we;sfj,d kej; Okd;aul iDkd;aul Yla;s fÌa;% we.mqrd yokak
mq¨jks
fï f,i plaLq ú{dkhlg uyd is;sú,s cd,hlg uq, mqrkak Yla;sh fokak;a mq¨jks
ta jf.au fï ls%hd moaO;sh we;sjk fudfydf;a wfma lh;a fjkia fjñka hkjd
ta ;=,;a fjku ls%hd moaO;shla jev lrkjd
kuq;a ta ish,a,g w;aú|Su ;=, isÿjk Yla;s mßj¾;kh;a yqjudrej;a n,mdkj
tl ú{dkhla yeos, wjika jqkdu lh kej; iQodkï w¨;a ú{dkhla we;slr .kak
w¨;a lhla kej; úYajfhka Yla;sh Wrd.kak iQodkï
fï ls%hdj,sh lf,a ú{dkhla we;slsÍu, w;aú|Sula ,ndoSu, mxpialkaOhla we;sùu,

69
fuys rEm, fõokd, ix{d, ixldrd, ú{dk lshk ish,a,u ;shkjd
wo kùk úoHdj úiska fï ;;ajh ms,sn| m¾fhaIk lr, fydhdf.k ;shk foa;a
yßjákjd oek .kak
fuys ksjeros;dj fldfydu jqk;a wms l:dlrk fï ls%hdoduh f;areï .kak ta o;a;
m%fhdackj;a fjkj hï;dla ÿrlg
ta ksid ta .ek;a fmdävla wjOdkh fhduq lruq
fuysoS úoHd{hka yÿkajk mßos fï tl pl%hlg wms lshuq plaLq ú{dkh lsh,
fïlg lshkjd plaLq ú{dk tallhla lsh, ( Quantum or unit of eye
consciousness ) fu;kos wks;a ish¨ ú{dkj,g;a fï úoshguhs úia;r fjkafka
fïl ;uhs cSú;h lshk tfla “uQ,sl tallh” (Unit of life)
fï tall j,ska ;uhs cSú;h yeos, ;sfhkafka
tl csú;hl tallhla we;sfjkjd tal f.ú,d hkjd ;j tallhla we;sfjkjd
fïl uqyqÿ /,a, jf.a we;sfjkjd ke;sfjkjd t;fldg cSú;h lshkafka tla;rd
úoshl iamkaokhla lïmkhla p,khla
fï cSú; tallhl ld, mrdih jhi ;;amrhlska úiafika mx.=jla ke;akï ñ,s
;;amr mkyla mukhs
t;fldg o, jYfhka ;;amrhlg cSú; tall úiaila muk we;sfjkjd
fï yeu cSú; tallhlu “uu” yefokjd
ta jf.au wms l;dlrk É;a; ffp;isl rEm lshk iuia; ls%hdj,shu we;sfjkjd
ta jf.au fï lh;a ñ,s;;amr úiaila ;=, we;sfjkjd ke;sfjkjd tfyukï fu;kos
wmsg b;du meyeos,s fjk fohla ;shkjd fï “uu” lsh, ys;df.k bkak lfha jhi
ñ,s;;amr mkyhs
ta jf.au ta cSú; tallhla ;=, we;sjk ú|sk uu ne¨j;a jhi ñ,s ;;amr mkyhs
fï ñ,s ;;amr mky ;=,;a fjkiaùï úkd mj;skakla keye
fu;k we;a;gu fjkiaùula iamkaokhla úkd fjkia fkdù mj;sk lsisu O¾u;djla
yÿk.kak neye
fjku ls%hdlrk ys;k flfkla fï ;=, keye
ta jf.au ;j jeo.;a fidhd .ekSula ;shkjd ta ;uhs fï ñ,s ;;amr úiaila ;=,
we;sfj,d ke;sfj,d hk fï “uu” ms,sn| u;lh ke;skï m%;srEmh
tl cSú; tallhla f.ú,d ;j tlla mgkaf.k ls%hdlrk úgos;a u;lfha mj;skjd
fudlo fï iamkaokh ksid we;sjQ fõ.h u;lfha ;j ñ,s ;;amr .dkla ;shkjd
fï ksid wmsg cSú; tall iu. bjr fjkafka ke;s “uu” flfkla ys;k ls%hdlrk
flfkla fï ;=, bkakjd lsh, ysf;kjd
fï ksid ;uhs u;lh ;=,ska f,dj yÿkd .ekSu ke;akï m%lafIamkh lsh, lshkafka
ke;akï ish,a, ug fjk foa úoshg .ekSu isÿjkafka
t;fldg u;lh úiska ks¾ñ; “uu” fï cSú; tall ;=, r. olajkak mgka .kakjd
fkdfjkia “uu” flfkla bkakjd lsh, ysf;kjd
oeka fï iene jYfhka we;sjk cSú; tall osyd n,kak neßfjkjd fudlo tajd ug
fjk tajd f,i .ekSu ksid
kuq;a fï cSú;h lshk r. uv, foi fï ls%hdodufhka msgg weú;a n,kak mq¨jks
kï fu;k wmsg fmakjd fï ls%hdj,sh ksßÌkh lrkafkl= ke;snj
fuys yÿkd .kafkl= ke;snj ls%hdlrkafkl= is;kafkl= keye
tlu ixisoaêhla ú;rhs cSú; tall ú;rhs lsh,d
fïjd ;uhs úoHd{hska úiska w;aú|Sula ,eìu ms,sn| fydhdf.k ;shk f;dr;=re
wms fï l:d lf,a mxpialkaOhla we;sfjkafka fldfyduo lsh,d

3-6 mxpWmdodkialkaO jYfhka woyia lrkafka fudkjdo?

fudkjdo
oeka by; lshmq mxpialkaO wms oelal
“uu” iy f,dalh yeÿj

70
l;D yd úIh jYfhka f,dalh folg fnÿj
ú|skakd iy ú|skq ,nk úIh jYfhka folg fnÿj
t;k f,dj folv fldg w;aú|sk ;;ajhlg m;ajqkd
fïl je,la jYfhka we;sfjù ke;sfjù hkjd
fïlg lshkjd cSj;a fjkjd lsh,
t;fldg wmsg w;S;fha we;sjqk mxpialkaO ;shkjd
wkd.;hla we;sfjk nj fmakjd
fï isÿjkafka u;l jYfhka o;a; f.dv.eiSu ;=,
t;fldg mxpWmdodialkaO lshkafka “fm!oa.,sl wkkH;djfhka hq;= w;aú|Sï mrmqrla”
hkak ta;a;= hdu
fï ;uhs “uu” we;sùu
f,dj ;=, mj;sk iajdêk tallhla ùu
fï “uu” jYfhka yÿkd.ekSu ;=, yuqfjk yeu mxpialkaOhlau “uu” lsh, ys;kjd
ta flf¾ wef,kjd, nefokjd, leue;a;la,pkaohla, rd.hla ,kkaoshla Wmoskjd
w;aú|Su ug isÿjk fohla úoshg ta;a;= hkjd
oeka mxpialkaOh uf.a lsh, w,a,df.k Wmdodkh lrf.k
fï jf.a nod.;a;yu lshkjd mxpWmdodkialkaO lsh,d
t;fldg fï mxpWmdodkialkaOfha Wmdodk fldgi thg we;s leue;a;
fya;=j “uu” tys bkakjd lsh, ys;k tl
tkï w;aú|Sï mrmqr “uu” “uf.a” jYfhka .ekSu
fu;k fyd|g ys;g .kak mxpialkaO ;=,ska we;sjk oekSu f,dj folv fldg
wjfndaO jqk;a th uf.a lsh, nod.ekSu ;=,
oekSu we;slr.kak uq,a jqk Yla;sh tl;=fjkjd nef|kjd
fï tlg tl;=ùu ne|Su ;uhs tys we;s Wmdodk fldgi
t;fldg fï mxpialkaOhkays fï Wmdodk fldgi uqiqjqkyu fïlg ;uhs
mxpWmdokialkaO lshkafk
oeka w;aú|Sula iliaùu ;=, isÿjQ É;a; ffp;isl rEm lshk ls%hdj,sh ;=,ska tl;=jQ
Yla;s “uu” “uf.a” lsh, nod.ekSu ksid tl;=ùu ke;akï f,ys, wdmyq ;snqk ;;ajhg
m;afjkafka ke;=j ixialrkh ùula fjkjd
fukak fïjd kej; fkdneÿk Yla;s njg m;afjkafka ke;sj kdu rEm yokak ;rï
m%N,fjkjd
fï Yla;s tl msxvhla úoshg ;shkjd
oeka ú|Sï mrmqrla yefokjd
tlu wkkH;djhlska hq;= flfkl=g fï w;aú|Su we;sfjkafka lshk jegySu ms,s.ekSu
we;sfjkjd
fïlg ;uhs lshkafka mxpWmdodkialkaoh ke;skï fm!oa.,sl wkkH;djhlska hq;=j
Nj.dñj .uka .kakd w;aú|Sï mrmqr lsh,
n,kak i ks $É;a; ixhq;sfha$ É;a; j¾.fha$ ixfhdack i%;%h
u ks $WmßmKAKdilfha$foajoy j¾.fha$ uydmqKAKu i%;%h

3-7 mxpialkaofha we;s w;S; j¾;udk

j¾;udk wkd.; ,Ìk yÿkd.kafka
flfiao?
wms okakjd mxpialkaO we;sfjkafka j¾;udkfha,
cSú;h fy,sjk, ú|Su we;sjk ljq¨j j¾;udkhhs
w;S;fha we;sjqk fï ú|Sï fyj;a mxpialkao kej; wmsg ta f,i w;aú|sh yels jqj;a
ta w;aú|Suu kï ljodj;a ta f,i ú|skak neye.
Wodyrk Bfh fïfi Wv ;snqk lkak neßjqk m,;=rla wdmiq Bfhg .sys,a, lkak
neye fï fudfydf; oeka lkjd úkd Bfh ldmq wem,a f.ähu kej; lkak neye

71
kuq;a ta ri we;s fjk;a wem,a f.ähla lkak yelshs Bfh jf.au wo;a ryhs lsh,
lshkak mq¨jks
fï lshkafka w;S;fha lsh, fohla keye mxpialkaO fï fudfydf; we;sfjkjd wdhsu;a
tal kej; we;sfjkafka keye bjrhs
w;S;h lsh, wms ys;df.k bkafk mxpialkao ms,sn| u;l
u;l lshkafka w;S;fha we;sjqk mxpialkaO ms,sn| msx;+r
ke;sj we;a;la fkfuhs
wkd.; mxpialkaO lshkafka, w;S; mxpialkaO ;shkjd lsh, yÿkdf.k, tkï fï
mxpialkaO ;=, os.gu ú|sula ú|sk flfkl= fyj;a “uu” bkakjd lsh, ys;df.k
wkd.; mxpialkao me;Su tkï n,dfmdfrd;a;=

w;S; mxpialkao - u;l

wkd.; mxpialkao - n,dfmdfrd;a;=
j¾;udk mxpialkao - w;aú|Su
fuh ms,sn| ;jÿrg;a n,kak i ks $nkaOl j¾.fha $nkaOl ixhq;sfha
ha $ucacu
mKaKdilfha$ LcackSh j¾.fha$ LcackSh i%;%h

3-8 mxpialkaOhka ys wNHka;r Ndysr jYfhka fnoSula ;shkjdo?

kjdo
mxpialkaO lshkafka É;a; ffp;isl rEm jYfhka we;sjk ixisoaêhla
ta lshkafka kdu rEmj, tl;=jla
fuys wNHka;r lshkafka w;S; wkd.; j¾;udkh lshk ld, ;=fka mxpialkaO
we;sfjkjd lsh, ms,s.;a;g miafia, yÿkd.;a;g miafi wNHka;rj ld,h ;=,
.ukalrk Yìo .kaO ri j¾K iam¾I jYfhka mxpialkao úoskakd yÿkd.ekSu.
tkï uu flfkla ú|skjd lsh, yÿk.kakjd fï wNHka;r mxpialkaO
ta jf.au ld,h ;=, Ndysrj mj;sk .ukalrk mxpialkaO lshkafka ug t,sfhka we;s
ish¨ fN!;sl;ajh ta ish,a, mxpialkaOuhs
fu;k we;sfjkafka tlu mxpialkaOh kuq;a folla úêhg fno, .kakjd ú{dkfhos
fuysoS isÿù we;af;a ú{dkh fyj;a is;sú,s u.ska uu iy f,dalh w;r ysveila
yeosuhs tkï uu yd fiiq f,dalh jYfhka fjkaùuhs
fï ;uhs nyq úê fN!;sl;ajh yÿkd.ekSug wjldIh lshk ksh; idOlh oekSu
fuh ms,sn| ;jÿrg;a n,kak i ks $nkaOl j¾.fha $nkaOl ixhq;sfha $ucacu
mKaKdilfha$ LcackSh j¾.fha$ LcackSh i%;%h

3-9 mxpialkaOhkays r¿,

r¿ ishqï, ySk, m%ks;, ÿr,
ÿr ,.,
,. jYfhka yÿkajkafka
fudkjf.a ,Ìko
,Ìko?
Ìko
fï lshkafka mxpialkaO w;aú|Su ;=, we;sjk ;;ajh r¿-ishqï ySk-m%kS;
fï fudllao? ú|Su oekqkq úêh.
hula fN!;slj ;snqfkd;a ;uhs j¾;udk ú|Su fï úêhg yÿk .kafk.
yÿkd.ekSu lrkafka ix{d ixl,am u;lj,ska
u;l Ndú;d lrkjd lshkafka j¾;udk fudfydf; mxpialkaOh w;S; u;l j,ska
ukskjd , ke;akï ixl,am yryd f;areï .kakjd.
fï ksid wkka;hlska fjkajQ fN!;sl;ajhla fmakjd
Wodyrk id.rfha j;=r fnda;,hlg odkjd fnda;,fha ;sfhkafka id.r c,huhs kuq;a
fjku yevhla yÿkd .kakjd fu;k id.rh wkka;h kï fN!;sl;ajh fnda;f,a
yevhhs
t;fldg mxpialkaO ;=, ú|sk fï r¿-ishqï wdoS iajrEm lshkafka ta w;aú|sk
fudfyd; ;=, fN!;sl;ajh w;aú|Su hkakhs

72
fuh ms,sn| ;jÿrg;a n,kak i ks $nkaOl j¾.fha $nkaOl ixhq;sfha $ucacu
mKaKdilfha$ LcackSh j¾.fha$ LcackSh i%;%h

3-10 mxpialkaO ms,sn| idïm%odhsl ú.%yh;a Tn lshk úia;r lsÍu;a

w;r fjkila ;shkjd fkao?
keye
idïm%odhsl úia;r lsÍug wkqj rEm lsõjyu uQ,slj uydN+; rEm y;r yd bka Wmka
Wmdodk rEm úis y;r we;=,;a fjkjd
fõokd lsõjyu ffp;isl mkia fol hgf;a we;s fõokd yiqfjkjd
ix{d lsõjyu;a ffp;isl mkia foflka tlla
b;sß mky ixialdr hg;g .efkkjd
ú{dk lsõjyu is;a wiQkuh we;=,;a
t;fldg wms mxpialkaOh ks¾ppkfhaos lsõjd fïl rEm É;a; ffp;isl ls%hdj,shla
lsh,
fu;k mxpialkaOh lsõjyu fï ish,a,u ^rEm úiswg, ffp;isl mkia fol, É;a;
wiQkuh & ;snqk;a tl w;aú|Sula ;=, fï É;a; ffp;isl rEm hgf;a lshjqkq ish¨
foaj,a yg.kafka keye
kuq;a tys ixfhdack hlg ;uhs w;aú|Sula lshkafka
fï ksid ;uhs ú{dkhla ;=, mxpialkaOhu we;=,;a lsh, lshkafka
ta jf.au th É;a; ffp;isl ls%hdj,shla lsõfj
fu;k ;uhs Yla;sh ialkaO hg;g jefgkafk
kuq;a ks¾jdkhg ialkaO hkak we;=,;a keye
mxpialkaO lshkafka kdu rEm fN!;sl;ajh ld,hg we;=,;afoa
kuq;a fN!;sl;aj ld, m%fNaohla ks¾jdk Od;=fõ keye
fyd|g ys;g .kak j¾;udk lshk fudfyd; ,nk w;aú|Su ;uhs mxpialkao
th úúO ixfhdack ;sìh yels kuq;a tl jrlg we;sfjkafk tl ixfhdackhla mukhs
fïl mg,.kak tmd

3-11 kdu rEm jYfhka woyia lrkafka l=ulao?

wms ñg biafi,a,d bf.k .;a;d rEm hkakg we;=,;a wdfmda f;afcda jdfhda mGú lshk
y;r;a tys Wmdodk rEm úis y;r;a lsh,
ta jf.au kdu lsõjyu ffp;isl mkiafol;a is;a wiQkuh;a we;=,;a
tkï fõokd ix{d j, ffp;isl folhs ixialdr j, b;sß ffp;isl mky wvx.=
fjkjd
is;a wiq kuh ú{dkj, wvx.=hs
fï fnoSï j, we;s ksjeros Ndjh flfia fj;;a is; lshk rdcOdksh wÿk.kak b;du
jeo.;a fï ,Ìk
fï;uhs É;a; ffp;isl rEm lshk fï iuia: ls%hdj,sfha m%;sm,h
tkï mxpialkaOhla fyj;a w;aú|Sula we;sjqkdu ,nk m%;sm,j, iajNdjh
wms mxpialkaOhla we;sùfuka w;aú|skafka kdu rEm
ñ,.g fï kdu rEm jYfhka woyia lrmq foa ;j ÿrg;a úYaf,aIkh lrf.k
.sfhd;a wmsg ;j jákd woyila ,nd.kak mq¨jks
n,kak u.ksks.$Wmßmkakdilfha foajoy j¾.fha
j¾.fha uyd mqkaku i%;%fha fyda i.ks
ks$nkaOl
ixhq;sfha $LcackSh j¾.fha $LcackSh i%;%h
tys fukak fufyu woyila ;shkjd
“uyfkks
w;S; wkd.; j¾;udk
wNHka;r Ndysr

73
r¿ ishqï ySk m%kS;
ÿr ,.
rEm fõokd ix{d ixldrd ú{dk we;ao ta rEm fõokd ix{d ixldrd ú{dkd uu
fkdfõ ta uf.a wd;auh fkdfõ”
fu;k uu wjOdkh fhduq lrkak yokafka mxpialkaO .ek lsh, ;sfhkafka fudkjf.a
woyila .eko hkak ms,sn|
w;S; wkd.; j¾;udk we;sjQ mxpialkaO ms,sn|j
ta lshkafka mxpialkaO ld,h ;=, we;sjkafka hk woyi
mxpialkaO we;sùfuka ld,h we;sfjkjd
wksl ;uhs mxpialkaO r¿ ishqï ySk m%kS; ÿr ,. jYfhka úia;r lr, ;shkjd
fï lshkafka fN!;sl;ajh, wjldYh w,a,d .ekSfï ,Ìk fkao
ta lshkafka mxpialkaO we;sùu ;=, fï fN!;sl;ajh we;sfjkjd
tfykï kdu rEm lshkafka ld,h fN!;sl;ajh w;aú|Sï
uu ;j Wodyrkhla lshkakï
ug weyqkd lsõjyu mxpialkaOhla
tys ”uu” yd “yv” lshk fldgia folla ;shkjd
fu;k “yv” lshkafka rEm fldgi
“uu” lshkafka kdu fyj;a ú|Su fldgi
ta rEm lshkafka wjldIh w,a,.;a; fN!;sl;ajh
kdu lshkafka “uu” ;=, os. werek ld,h
tfykï kdu rEm hk mxpialkaOhla ;=,ska wms ,nk w;aoelSu fjk;a úoshg
l:dlrkjd kï ld,h yd wjldIh uu yd fN!;sl;ajhhs
wks;a me;af;ka mxpialkaOhla we;sfjkafka fï j¾;udk fudfydf;a
j¾;udk fudfyd;j,a je,g ;uhs wms cSj;a fjkjd lshkafka
tfyukï mxpialkaO fyj;a kdu rEm jYfhka ,nk fï w;aú|Sï lshkafka uu ld,h
;=, yd fN!;sl;ajh wjldIh ;=, ;yjqre õuhs ke;akï cSj;a ùuhs

3-12 wd;auh jYfhka woyia lrkafka l=ulao?

fï ú|Sï mrmqr ;=, iodld,sl fjkia fkdjk mod¾;hg ;uhs wd;au lshkafka
fu;k ú|Sï mrmqr lsõjyu “ú|skakd” iy “f,dalh” fol tl;=j ;uhs .kafka
ta wkqj fï f,dalh ;=, fyda fï ú|Sï tkï weyqkd, oekqkd, oelald, ys;=kd lshk
ls%hdj,sh ;=, fyda fjkia fkdjk ia:sr f,i ;sìh yels mod¾;hlg ;uhs wd;auh
lshkafka
fyd|hs ú|Sï mrmqr lshkafka mxpialkaohg
ke;akï wms oelal fï mxpialkao j,ska w;aú|sk iajNdjh úúO fldakj,ska
l:dlrkak mq¨jks lsh,
ta ;uhs “uu” yd “fiiq f,dalh”
ke;akï kdu,rEm, ld,h, fN!;sl;ajh jYfhka
fldfydu jqk;a fï fome;a; ;shkjd
fï fome;af;u fyda tl me;a;l fkdfjkiajk mod¾;hla ;shkjd lshk ms,s.ekSu
;uhs wd;au ixl,amh
oeka “uu” lsõjyu ú|Sï mrmqr ;=, fkdfjkiaj .uka lrk ú|skafkl= bkakjd lsh,
wjfndaOh, ms,s.ekSu, ta;a;= hdu ;uhs fï kdu fldgfia wd;au iajNdjh
tkï ñg wjqreÿ mkylg úismylg biafi,a,d fmdäldf, ysáh “uu” ;uhs fï oeka
ú|Su ,nkafka
biairyg hkafk;a fï “uu” lshk fjku fkdjkia iajdêk udkisl mod¾;h lshk
tlhs fuys woyi
wks;a me;a; ;uhs fï ú|Sug ,lajk f,dalh

74
wykak mq¨jka, .| iqj| ;shk, ri oefkk, w,a,, n,kak mq¨jka, we.g oefkk
tfy fufy lrkak mq¨jka, weyeg fmak ¯jHhka fkdfjkiajk mod¾; wefÕka t,sfh
uf.ka msg ;shkjd hk wjfndaOh ms,s.ekSu ta;a;=hdu ;uhs rEm ms,sn| we;s wd;añh
iajNdjh
fï úoshg ;uhs kdu rEm j, wd;auh ;shkjd lsh, ms,s.kafka ta;a;= hkafka
kuq;a nqÿrcdkka jykafia b;du meyeos,sj Tmamq lr, fmkakqjd fï f,dalh lshkafka
mxpialkaohg
th w;aú|Sula we;sfjk ls%hdj,shla
tu w;aú|Sï we;sfjkafka fya;= m,j
ta ;=,ska ;uhs fï ld,h fN!;sl;ajh ke;skï kdu rEm yg .kafka
fuu ixisoaêh ;=, lsisu fjkiafkdù mj;sk iodld,sl mod¾;hla yÿkd.; fkdyels
nj;a ish,a,u fya;=m,hs máÞÉpiuqmamkakhs ke;akï idfmaÌlhs lsõjd

3-13 ú{dkh lshkafka fudllao?

ñg biafi,a,;a uu ys;kjd fï .ek l:dl,d kuq;a wms oeka b,lal lrk ud;Dldjg
wod,jk f,i fï jpkfha f;areu ;j fldakhlska n,uq
by; lsõj mxpialkaOhla we;sjqkdu
tkï rEm É;a; ffp;isl lshk ls%hdj,sh we;sjqkdu
ta ;=,ska fjkafka lsishï úfYAI jQ {dkhla wjfndaOhla yg.ekSu
t;fldg fï wjfndaOh l=ulao? ú-{dk
tkï f,dalh fyj;a úYh yd uu fyj;a l;D tkï w;aú|skakd f,i f,dj folg
fno, w;aú|Su
uu iy uf.ka msg f,dalh lsh, folla ;shkjd lshk oeksu ke;skï wjfndaOh
we;sùu fuys woyihs
t;fldg f,dj folg fnod w;aú|Sï ;=,ska .kakd {dkh ú{dkhhs
wms oelald, weyqkd, .| iqj| oekqkd, ri oekqkd, ldhsl myi oekqkd, ys;=kd fï
wdoS f,i ,nk ish¨u wjfndaOhka ú{dkhs
t;fldg fï ú{dkh ;=, “uu” iy “f,dalh” hk folu ;shk nj Th f.d,a,kag
meyeos,sfjkak Tsks

3-14 fï ú{dkh ;=,ska folg fnod w;aú|sug ie,eiafjk fldgia fol

fudkjdo?
fudkjdo
kdu fyj;a “uu fyj;a úoskakd” rEm fyj;a “úIh ke;skï f,dalh”

3-15 t;fldg ilaldh osáGsh ke;s lrkjd lshkafka fï fol ke;s nj

oek .ekSuo?
o
Tõ, tla;rd úoshg ta woyi
tkï mxpialkaOh ;=, uu iy fiiq f,dalh hk folu we;a;gu ;shk foh fkfuhs
tajd idfmaÌlj máÉp iumamkakj we;s jQ foaa
fudlo ú{dkh lsõjyu ialkaO my thg we;=,;a
plaLq ú{dkh lsõjyu “ug fmkqkd” lshk tlhs tys woyi
ke;skï tys mxpialkaOhu tl;= jQkdu ;uhs “ug fmfkkafka”
fuysoS oekSu iliaùu fyj;a É;a; ffp;isl ls%hdj,sh ;uhs mxpialkaoh
fï mxpialkaO kdu rEm ke;skï fl,skau ld,h fN!;sl;ajh lsh, folg fno, tys
iajNdjh fidhkak mq¨jks

t;fldg wms rEm hkafkys wvx.= ,Ìk fudkjdo lsh, fydhdf.k .shyu f;afrkjd
th wksÉphs ÿlaLhs wkd;auhs lsh,d

75
fuys “uu” keye lsh,d
fuysoS fN!;sl;ajh yd wjldYfha iïnkaOh úYaf,aIkh lsÍu isÿjkafka
wks;a me;af;ka kdu fldgi .;a;yu tys bkafka “ú|skakd”
kej; “uu” iy ú|su ksid ;uhs ld,h we;sfjkafka
fuh ú.%y l,du f,dalh ú{ma;shla udhdjla ú;rhs lsh, f;afrkjd
fï kdu rEm f.dvj,a foflau wd;au lsh, tlla keye lsh, ú.%ylr.;a;yu ;uhs
ilaldh osáGsh ke;sfjkafka.
kuq;a mxpialkaOh folg lvkak mq¨jka tlla fkfuhs
fï fnoSu úia;r lsÍug hula wjfndaO lr .ekSfï myiqjg l, jevla
kuq;a fï úIAf,aIkh ;=,ska ne¨jyu f,dalh ms,sn|j folg fno, fmakjd
tajqkdg fïjd Tlafldu tlhs
fudlo rEm fyj;a fN!;sl;ajh ;sfhkafka kdu j,g ke;akï ld,hg idfmaÌlj
ta jf.au kdu .;a;;a th ;sfhkafka rEm j,g idfmaÌlj
t;fldg tlla ke;snj fydhdf.k .sfhd;a folu ke;sfjkjd

3-16 É;a; (Consciousness) ufkda (Mind) ú{dk (Sensory

perception) hk jpk ;=fka f;areu yd iïnkaOh l=ulao?
uu uq,ska tlla lshkaku Tsks uf.a is;shfï ixfla; wks;a whf.a ixfla; j,g jvd
fmdä fmdä fjkialï we;s
kuq;a jpk lshkafka w¾;hla ú.%y lrkak .;a; ixfla; úkd w¾;h fkfuhs
is; lshk rdcOdksfha ,Ìk fmkajk ixfla; ;uhs fï É;a; ufkda ú{dk lshk
jpk
fï ksid oDYaá .;fjkake;sj jpkfha w¾: mukla .kak n,kak
fï jpk ;=fka iïnkaoh n,kak biair fj,d tys miqìï we;s lrekq álla lsh,
bkakï
wms fuf;la l, idlÉpd ish,a,kaf.au yrh .;af;d;a fmakjd ld,h yd fN!;sl;ajh
g jeáu ixidr.; ùuhs lsh,
fu;kos i;ajhkaf.a we;sùula .ek l:d fkdl,;a ld,h yd fN!;sl;ajhg jeáu
ixidr .;ùuhs
wks;a me;af;ka mD;ck hk jpkh .;af;d;a fjkaùu lshk woyi .kak mq¨jks
fldfykao fjkajqfka ? wld,sl wkka; iajNdjfhka fjkajqfka
tkï fN!;sl ld,hg jeáu ixidr.; ùu mD;ck njhs tys w¾;h
oeka wmsg fuysoS fmakjd ixl,amkh lrkak neß wixl,amkd;aul ;ekl isg
ixl,amkh l,yels ;eklg jefgkjd
ta lshkafka wixL;h tkï fkdyg f.k we;s ;ekl isg ygf.k we;s ixL;hg
meñks,d ;shkjd
wms wixL;fha ,Ìk .;af;d;a Wm;la fkdfmkSu, úkdYhla fkdfmkSu, fjkiaùula
fkdfmkSu - fï lshkafka wcrdur
tkï crdjg urkhg úkdYhg m;afjkakkï fN!;sl;ajh ;sfhkaak Tsks
tfyu fohla wixL;fha keye
wksl n,kak bmfokjd uefrkjd lshkafka ld,hg hg;a lshk tl
kuq;a wixL;fha fï ,Ìk keye
wms ;j;a me;a;lska .;af;d;a mrud¾: i;Hh úh hq;af;a wixL;hhs
wms É;a; ffp;isl rEm lsõfjd;a tys ;sfhkafka ixL;fha ,Ìk
iïuq;s i;Hh lsõfjd;a t;k ;sfhkafka Wm; urkh fjkiaùu lshk ,Ìk j,g
hg;a iajNdjhla
oeka uu ;j me;a;la fmkajkakï
ks¾jdk lsõjyu ne|Sï ke;s iajNdjhla
lsisu ne|sula ke;akï t;k Wm; urkh fjkiaùu keye

76
ta lshkafka wcrdur
ke;akï ld,h fN!;sl;ajh keye
wksla me;af;ka ks¾udk lsõjdyu ne|Sula we;sfj,d udkhlg yiqfj,d fnokak
fjkalrkak mq¨jka hula meje;aula ;shkjd
Wm; urkh fjkiaùu tfyukï ;shkjd
ta lshkafk crd urk ;shkjd
t;k ld,h fN!;sl;ajh ;shkjd
fï ks¾jdk fkfuhs ks¾udkhs

uf.a is;shfï É;a; ufkda ú{dk lshk ixfla; ;=fka w¾;h fufyu lshkakï
hïlsis iajNdjhla ld,h fN!;sl;ajfhka l:dl, yelskï crdjg urkhg m;afjkjd
kï t;k ;sfhkafka ufkda
wmsg fyd|g wy, mqreÿ mohla “ufkda mqìnd .ux oïud” ish¨ O¾u;djhka is;
fmrgq fldg we;a;dy hkak
fï ish¨ ks¾udk ufkda iajNdjfha m%;sm,hla
fï ;;ajh hï f;dr;=re o;a; (Inteligence) tl;=jl m%;sm,hla
ke;akï hï {dkhl oekSul (Knowledge,) m%;sm,hla
wms lshuq fïlg u;l lsh, (Memory)
fï ne|Su ks¾udkh u;lfha m%;sm,hla
fï ufkda lshk jpkhg fok ú.%yh
ñ,.g É;a; lsõjyu ld,h fN!;sl;ajh ke;s iajNdjh
fuh wixl,amd;aulhs úia;r lrkak neye
ú{dk lshkafka wld,sl wkka;jQ fï wixl,amd;aul iajNdjfha isg ld,sl fN!;sljQ
ixl,amd;aul iajNdjhg fmrf,k hka;%kh
tkï fN!;sl;ajh ld,h ke;akï th fnokak neye, talhs ú|skafkl= fmakafk ke;af;
talhs wixl,amkd;aul lshkafka
kuq;a ú{dkfhka lrkafka uu yd fiiq f,dalh jYfhka folg fno, wjfndaO lr,Su
ug weyqkd lsõjyu “uu” yd ‘yv” fu;k ;shkjd
fu;k yv ;shkjd wefykakd bkakjd kuq;a weyqk flkd ljqo lsh, ne¨jyu yv
yÿk.;a; flfkla keye
t;k ;sfhkafka ixl,am f;dr;=re o;a; {k jf.a fohla
ta lshkafka u;l lshuq
tfyukï ú{dk lr, ;sfhkafka f,dalh uu lsh, folg fnok tl
tkï mrud¾;fha isg iïuq;shg fmr,, uu yd fiiqf,dalh jYfhka fno,
tfyukï ú{dkh mrud¾; i;Hh iïuq;s i;Hhg fmrf,k hka;%kh lsh, uu
lshkjd
wjidk jYfhka fuu jpk ;=k úia;r lrk iuia; ls%hdj,sh .;a;yu fukak
fïjf.a ;;ajhla fmakjd
tlla folla lrk tl
wixl,amkfhka ixl,amkhg jeáu
wld,sl wkka;fha isg ld,sl fN!;sl;ajhg jeáu ^fuys woyi wi[a[;, fkdfõ&
wixl;fhka ixL;hg fyj;a fN!;sl;ajhg jeáu
ks¾jdkfhka ks¾udkhg ke;akï ixidrhg jeáu
wcrdur isg crdurk ;;ajhg jeáu
mrud¾: i;Hfhka iïuq;s i;Hhg jeáu
fïlg ;uhs wms É;a; isg ufkda ;;ajhg m;ajqkd lshkafka
t;fldg tu ;;ajhg m;al, hka;%kh ú{dkhhs.

3-17 uu lshkafk ljqo?

77
ñg biafi,a,;a fï .ek l:dl,d kuq;a wms oeka b,lal lrk ud;Dldjg wod,jk
f,i fï jpkfha f;areu ;j fldakhlska n,uq
“uu” lshk tl we;=f, kdu ;shkjd rEm ;shkjd
rEm lshkafka fN!;slj yev jYfhka ú|sh yels fjkiajk iajNdjhla
fuh w;S; u;lfha m%;sm,hla
kdu lshkafka ug fõokdj ;shkjd, yÿk.kak mq¨jka, u;lhs, is;kak mq¨jka,
l:dlrkak mq¨jka, ls%hdlrkak mq¨jka, lshk fldgi
fïjd Tlafldu lrkak mq¨jka u;l Ndú;fhka
w;S; u;l ke;skï ys;fhduqlr, hula yÿk.kak neye.
uu”
uu lshkafka ysf;a mj;sk u;lfha m%nkaOhla úkd i;H jYfhka bkak flfkla
“uu
fkfjhs.

“uu” lshkafka ljqo lshk m%Yakhg ms,s;=re fufyu fokak mq¨jks

oeka Uh f.d,a,kag wem,a f.ähla fmkak, wykjd uf.a wf;a ;shk tl oelalo
lsh,
t;fldg Thf.d,af,d wksjd¾Hfhka lshkjd Tõ wem,a f.ähla oelald lsh,d
fu;k wem,a f.ähla ;shkjd - ksÍÌkhg Ndckh jQ jia;=j ke;akï úIh ;shkjd
tajf.au ksßÌlhd l;D ke;akï “uu” bkakjd
wem,a f.ähla jYfhka yÿk.;af; Th f.d,af,d okakjd wem,a f.äfha iqj| rih
iam¾Il,du yevh m%udkh j¾kh tjf.au tal yemqfjd;a tys Yìoh
oeka rn¾ fnda,hla yemqfjd;a fjk;a Yìohla tkafka
fï fjkialï okakjd
oeka fï ,Ìk álg wms wem,a f.äh lsõjd
ñ,.g uu ljqo?fï wem,a f.äh ksÍÌkh l, flkd
thdg wem,a f.äh ksÍÌkh l, yelsjqfka fldfyduo?thd.dj wr uq,ska lshmq wem,a
f.äh ms,sn| Yìo .kaO ri j¾k iam¾I lshk o;a; ixl,am ñkqï ;snqk ksid
fldfyao ;snqfka?fï u;l f.dfä ( Inteligence)
tfyukï ksÍÌlhdg wem,a f.äh yÿk.kak mq¨jka jqfka ixl,am (perceptions)
yskao
ta u;l yskao
tfyukï fï ixl,am udk fnÿï ;snqfk ke;akï wmsg yÿk.kak neßfjkjd
tfyukï ksÍÌfhla ke;sfjkjd
uu ke;sfjkjd
oeka n,kak tfykï fï ixl,am j, tl;=jg ;uhs “uu” lshkafka
wksl fï ixl,am fudkjdo? wem,a f.äh ms,sn| o;a; ñkqï fnoSï fjkalr
yÿk.;a; wdldrh ke;akï YìO .kaO ri j¾k iam¾I ms,sn| u;l
wem,a f.äh ;sfhkafka “uu” lshk ksÍÌlhdf.ka msg f,dalfha
t;fldg fï “uu” lshkafk;a fu;k wem,a f.äh ke;skï uf.ka msg f,dalh ms,sn|
o;a;
tfyukï fï wem,a f.äh uu oelald lshkafka f,dalh ud ;=, my, ùula
tfyu;a ke;akï uu lshk lkakdäh biairyg wem,a f.äh ke;akï f,dalh wdjyu
ud ;=, th my, fjkjd
f,dalh my,fjkjd
ta lshkafka tl f,dalhla folla fjkjd
tfyukï “uu” lshkafka lkakdähla
tafla ;shk os,sfik .;sh ;uhs ixl,am
ta ixl,am ;uhs fï f,dalh ug oefkkak ie,eiaiqfj
t;fldg “uu” lshkafka f,dalh ms,sn| o;a;uhs
fjk úoshlg lshkjd kï f,dalhuhs
tfykï f,dalfha m%;sìïnh ;uhs fï úosk “uu”

78
oeka fï wms Wmdodkh lrf.k isák fï f,dalh ms,sn| o;a; w;yeßfhd;a f,dalh
wÿr.kak neye
f,dalh my,fjkafk keye uu;a keye ú|skafkl= keye
tfykï ixl,amkh ke;skï f,dalh keye
f,dalh ke;skï ixl,amkh keye fïjd tlsfklg idfmaÌ idOl
fyd|hs fu;k ;j tlla lsjhq;=hs
ú|skakd lshkafka “uu”
T;k ú|sug ;uhs wms ld,h lshkafka
uu bkakjd lshkafka ú|su ;shkjd lshk tl
ke;skï ld,h ;shk tl
uu lshk ;ek ld,h ksh;hla
ta lshkafka ú|su we;sjqfkd;a ld,fhka fjka fjkak neye

3-18 ld,h hkq l=ulao?

uu fl,skau W;a;rhla fokakï
ld,h hkq fN!;sl;ajfha fjkialï yÿkd.ekSuhs ^ú|su&
fïl meyeos,s fjkak fmdä kso¾Ikhla .ksuq
wms ,orejdg lshkjd udi yhhs y;hs lsh,d
;rekhdg lshkjd wjqreÿ úiaihs úis myhs lsh,
fï jhia mr;rh fN!;slj hul isÿjQ fjkialu yÿkajmq úosh
jhi lsõjyu wjqreÿ udi i;s osk meh jYfhka
ta lshkafka fN!;sl fjkialug ld,h lshkjd
oeka wmsg m%Yakhla tkjd tfyu fN!;slj fjkia fkdjk tajg;a wms jhfika
l:dlrkjfk lsh,
n,kak wfma f.or ;shk fmág.ug wjqreÿ mkyla jhihs
;du wekhlaj;a nqre,afj,d keye ta úoshg ;shkjd lsh, lsshkjd
fu;k fN!;sl;ajfha fjkia fkdùu ld,h jf.a
kuq;a fï wjqreÿ mky yeÿk yeá n,kak
ug wjqreÿ y;,syhs uu bmfokak wjqreÿ oyhlg biafi,a,d fïl yo, ;sfhkafka
jhi ke;akï ld,h .,mkak idfmaÌl f;dr;=re wms.dj ;shkjd
úfYaIfhka “uu” lshk meje;au ld,h;=, hk úosh fmakjd
tfykï fmág.ug;a ld,h .,mkak udOHhla wms.dj ;shkjd
ta ;uhs fmág.u yÿkk “uu” jhig hdu
tfykï ksrka;r fN!;sl;ajfha fjki fkdfhla idfmaÌl f;dr;=re j,ska .e,mSu
yÿkd.ekSu ksid ld,h ksh; idOlhla úoshg fmak ;rug wmsj ld,h úiska
.s,.kakjd
wksl n,kak fï fN!;sl;ajfha fjki yÿk.kafk fldfyduo Yìo .kaO ri j¾k
iam¾I weia lka kdia osj lh lshk tajd yd .egqkyu we;sjk plaLq fida; >dk cSj
yd ldh lshk ú{dk ;=,ska ;uhs
fï lshkafka mxpialkaOhla we;sùu lshkafka ú|Sula yg .ekSu
tfykï ld,h lshkafka tl me;a;lska ú|suguhs
wks;ame;af;ka ú{dkh lshkafka f,dj folg fnod wjfndaOùu
tkï uu iy fiiq f,dalh úoshg
tfykï ld,h lshkafka fN!;sl;ajfha fjkiaõu kï wks;a me;af;ka ú|Su kï
ú|Su lshkafka tfykï uu
ta úoshg ne¨jyu ld,h ;sfhkafka tfyïmsákau uu lshk ixl,amhu u;hs
fï ksid uu bkak ;ek ld,h ksh;hla

3-19 fN!;sl;ajh hkq l=ulao?

79
fN!;sl;ajh hkq ú|sï j, fjkialï yÿkd .ekSuhs h
fu;kos ;j;a úoshlg ne¨fjd;a fufyu lshkak mq¨jks
fN!;sl;ajh hkq l=vd oekSï mrdij,g
fï lshkafka Wodyrkhla .ksuq
wms lshuq fmáÜhla lsh,
fuu fN!;sl ;;ajh ms,sn| wmsg os. m,, Wi j¾k wdoS f,i oekSula
yÿkd.ekSula yg.kakjd
wjldIh w,a,d .ekSula fmakjd
fïl ;uhs yÿkd.;yels nfõ ,Ìkh
fï ixl,am ;=,ska yÿkd.ekSug ;uhs wms fmáÜh lshkafka
kuq;a fï fmáÜfha mdg wfma weyeg fmak mrdifha fkfuhs kï fmakafka keye
ukskak neye fN!;sl;ajhla keye
fï jf.au b¯shka mfyau ixfõok mrdifhka tmsg foaj,a ;shkjd
kuq;a wfma f,dafla tajd keye
fudlo ixl,amkh l, fkdyels ksid
tfyukï fN!;sl;ajh ixl,amkfha ks¾udkhla
ixl,am lshkafka ñkqï, fnoSï, u;l j,g
fï lshkafka w;S; o;a;
wks;a me;af;ka w;S; o;a;j, tl;=jg ;uhs “uu” lshkafka
w;S;hla ke;akï t;k “uu” we;sfjkafka keye
tfyukï “uu” ke;skï fï fN!;sl;ajhla ;sfhkak neye
wms w;aolsk fï fN!;sl;ajh wfma ix{d fõokd j,g idfmaÌlhs
wms iuia; Yla;shlska fjkafj,d Wmdodk rEmhla f,i mD;ck fj,d ix{d fõokd
ygf.k ta ;=,ska yg.;a b¯h úIh;djhg idfmaÌj f,dalh we;sfjkjd
tfyukï fï Yla;sfha úúO rEm we;sùu my,ùu b¯h úYh;djhg idfmaÌlhs
ta lshkafka fN!;sl;ajh we;a;la fkfuhs udhdjla
Wodyrk wms hï ,Ìk yev állg lh lsõjdg ta wfma iïuq;shla ú;rhs
wfma b¯sh úYh;djh os. m,, Wi yev >klu jYfhka lhla yÿkd.;a;g
fï weÕ we;=f, cSj;ajk if;l=g Wf.a f,dalh wfma weÕhs
tfyukï b¯h úYh;djhg idfmaÌlj ixl,amkh l,yels wdldrh ;uhs wfma
fN!;sl f,dalh
ke;=j yeu i;aj fldáGdihlgu fï tlu f,dalh fkfuhs
wjidk jYfhka uu fyj;a ixl,am ñkqï fnoSï u;l j,g idfmaÌlhs fï
fN!;sl;ajh
uu ke;s ;ek fN!;sl;ajhla keye
ta lshkafka fï oekSï mrdi ;sfhkafka “uu” ke;skï ixl,amj,ska f,dj yÿk
.kakl,a ú;rhs
fïl ;uhs wms olsk fN!;sl;ajh
fïl meyeos,s uoskï uu fmdä Wodyrkhla lshkakï
.kak fldia weghla tys ;shk os. m,, Wi yevh j¾k wkqj wms fldia wefá lsõjd
kuq;a fïl me,fjkak ;sìfnd;a álojilska wxl=rhla ;shkjd wxl=rh me,hfjkjd
;j ld,hlska me,h .y fjkjd fïl lm, brefjd;a ,E,s .DyNdKAv yeÿfjd;a fïi
mqgq w,audß
fï ixl,amkhg idfmaÌj yÿk.kak odmq kï álla ú;rhs
wksla me;af;ka fï .fya ;shkjd mia j;=r fmdfydr iQ¾hd f,dalh
tajg ;uhs wms tfykï fïi mqgq lsõfj, tfyuo?
;j n,kak hgg hkak wms mia j;=r wdoS fïjd ;j fno, l=vdlf,d;a yhsv%cka
Tlaiscka ldnka oeka ;j;akï álla
;j lvuq mrudkq kHIaá lafjdkagï fufyu lv, lv, hkfldg fu;k tl cd;shhs
wka;sug ;sfhkafka
ta Yla;s

80
fu;kg Yla;s lshk jpkh fld;rï m%udkj;ao uu okafk keye
fldfydu jqk;a wka;sug ;sfhkafka tl fohla
talg wms Yla;s lsh, ku oduq
fï f,dalhg fkdneÿk lsisu .=khla rys; Wmdodk fkdjQ Yla;shla f,i fkfuhs fï
Yla;s olskafka
ta fkdneÿkq ;;ajh wmsg fmakak keye ta ksid wms lshkjd fïi mqgq lsh,
fu;k “ug” fïi mqgq w;aolskak mq¨jka
“uu” lshkafk;a fïi mqgq lshkafk;a Yla;sfhau fjk;a rEm
ta lshkafka i;Hkï Tlafldu tlhs, fjkila keye, wÿr.kak neye
“uuhs” “f,daflhs” keye
fudlo folu yeos,;sfhkafka tllska ksid
kuq;a wms fï ksrfmaÌl;ajfhka fjkafj,d idfmaÌl fj,d mD;.ack fj,d oeka ug
f,dalh ;shkjd
oeka l=vd oekSï mrdi úoshg fï Yla;sh fno,d fjkalr, uek, wms .kakjd
talg ;uhs wms YìO .kaO ri j¾k iam¾I lshkafka
fukak fïlhs fN!;sl;ajfha h:d iajNdjh
fu;k l;dj bjrfjkak biafi,a,d fï ál;a ys;g .kak n,kak
fN!;sl yev jYfhka yÿk .;a; yeu fj,djlu tla yevhla .kakjd
ta i|yd hï wjldIhla yÿk.kakjd
wjldIhla bvla fkd.;a; fN!;sl;ajhla keye
tfyukï fN!;sl;ajh ;=, wjldIh ksh;hla fia olskjd
ksrka;rj we;sjk oekSï msxv ke;akï wms uq,os lsõj úoshg cSú; tall ^mxpialkaO&
w;rla f;rla ke;sj fma,shg we;sjqkyu fN!;sl idOl ksh; jYfhka ;yjqre fj,d
wmsj fN!;sl;ajfha .sf,kjd
kuq;a fu;kos fukak fï ál;a ys;g .kak
wms f,dalfha ish,a, tlla úoshg olskjd kï
fu;k fjkila keye yÿk.kak fohla t;k keye
tfyukï Th lshk fN!;sl;ajhl=;a keye yÿkd.kak flfkl=;a keye
kuq;a ta mrud¾: iajNdjh f,dalfha wjidk w¾;h
th wixl,amd;aulhs Y+kHhs
t;fldg wms uek, fno, iïuq;s we;slr.;a;g miafia ;uhs fï cSú;h wmg
,efnkafka
ta iïuq;sfha iajNdjhhs
“uu” iy “fiiq f,dalh” tys ;shkjd
fï fN!;sl;ajhhs

3-20 wjldIh hkq lulao?

fN!;sl;ajhg .;a; bv wjldIhhs
fN!;sl;ajh ;shkl,a wjldIh ksh;hla
fN!;sl;ajh lshkafka ú|Sïj, fjkialï
ú|Sï ksid we;sjkafka ld,hhs
ú|Skakd we;sùu ksid uu ;yjqre fjkjd
fyd|hs fï Tlafldu wms tlla úoshg is;sú,a,la lsh, lshuq
is;sú,a, uu f,dalfhka fjkalrk ;srhhs
wms ldurhla .;af;d;a tys we| mqgq fïi ì;a;s jy, TSj ;shkjd fN!;sl;ajh
;shkjd
fï yeu ¯jHhlau bvla wrf.k ;shkjd
fï yeu ¯jHhlau is;sú,a,l m%;sm,hla
f,dalh ug ,efnkafka t;kska
tfykï is;sú,a, ke;akï fldfyduo bvla .kafka

81
is;sú,s ke;akï tys lsis fohla keye
fN!;sl;ajh ksuefjkafka is;sú,af,ka
tfykï uu yd f,dalh w;r ysveiis;=ú,af,a ksuejqula
tfykï uu ld,h fN!;sl;ajh
is;sú,a,la kï
fu;kos meyeos,s fjkak Tsk wjldIhla wks;a taj u; mj;sk idfmaÌl fohla lsh,

3-21 ld,h yd fN!;sl;ajh tlsfklg idfmaÌl idOl kï “uu

uu”
uu yd fï
f,dalh”
“f,da h w;r iïnkaoh álla úia;r lrkjdo?
lrkjdo
wms fï ixl,am .ek fjk fjku l:dlr, hï wjfndaOhla wrf.k bkafka
ta jqkdg fuys iïnkaoh ms,sn| wjfndaOh ;ud jeo.;au,
n,kak, mrk ixl,am u;l ñkqï j, tl;=fjka m%nkaol, w;aú|Sï mrmqr ;=, .uka
lrk iajdêk tallhla fyj;a udkisl mod¾;hlaa úêhg oefkk meje;aug ;uhs ”uu”
lsõfj
fï ix{d ixl,am ;=,ska yev úúO;d yÿkd .ekSu tkï fN!;sl;ajfha fjki
yÿkd.ekSu ;uhs “uu” lshk ixl,amfhka lr, ;sfhkafk
ta lshkafka w;aú|Sï mrmqr ;=, isák “uu” lshk tallh “ld,h” yd “fN!;sl;ajh”
g fï w;aú|Su ^mxpialkaOh& fmrf,kjd
ke;skï olskakd yd olskq ,nk foh fyda l;D yd úIh
ke;skï ksÍÌlhd yd isoaos
tfyu;a ke;skï ú|skakd yd ú|skq ,nk foh jYfhka
f,dj folv lr, “uu” f,dalfhka fjka lr, meje;aula we;slr,
f,dj ú|skafkl= jYfhka “uu” fjkalr .kakjd
ú{dk lshkafka fïlg ,f,dalh folvfldg yÿkd.ekSu
tfyukï “uu” lr, ;sfhkafka f,dalh úúO yev ;, ;=, rEm úoshg fjkalr,d
yÿkd .ekSu
ta ;=,hs ú|Su yg.kafka
fïl ;uhs “uu” f,dalh yok úêh
kuq;a fï “uu” ke;skï fu;k ix{d ixl,am ñkqï yÿkd.kak u;lhla jf.a fohla
ke;skï f,dj folv lrkak neye
fya;=j fN!;sl úúO;d fjkiaùu ke;sfjkjd
ld,h fN!;sl;ajh ke;sfjkjd
t;k ú|skakd ú|skqn,k foh úIh l;D lshk fï fonä w;aú|Sï ke;sfjkjd
t;k uu ksid idfmaÌlj mj;sk ld,h fN!;sl;ajh ke;sfjkjd
tfykï t;k ;sfhk ú{dk fkfuhs
m%{d lsh, wms lshkjd
fï ;uhs “uu” yd “f,dalh” w;r we;s wkafkdakH iïnkaoh

3-22 u;l hkq fudkjdo?

fudkjdo
uu fláfhka lshkakï
wms.dj w;S;h lsh, fudkjdyß b;=re lrf.k bkakjdkï ta ish,a,u u;l
(Intelegen or knowledge)
fï u;l jYfhka ;sfhkafka fudkjdo?

82
wms.dj bmÿkod isg woolajd Yìo .kaO ri j¾k iam¾I Oïu ms,sn| uyd úYd,
o;a; m%udkhla u;l jYfhka ;shkjd
wmsg ta ms,sn|j ys;kakj;a neye
ñ,.g wfma ls%hdldrlï iïmQ¾kfhkau u;lfha ks¾udk
weú|su isg.ekSu ys|.ekSu ie;mSu fïjd fmdäldf, ok.dñka nv.dñka fldÉpr
mqyqkql,do
oeka fïjd u;l jevigyka úosyg ;shkjd
fïjd oeka bfì ls%hdlrk u;l jevigyka fj,d
jeäjdr .kkla mqyqkqj ksid ,shkjd, lshjkjd l:dlrkjd fï jf.a ;j oyila fmdä
fmdä udkisl jevigyka wms.dj ;shkjd
fï u;l reialsÍï mqyqkqj ;=,ska ;uhs
bfì jevlrk jevigyka (Auto Executable programms) njg fmrf,kafka
Bg miafi fnd;a;ula tnqkd jf.a weúoskjdkï th mgka.kak fldgu uq¨lhu ta
jevigykg wkqj jevlrkak mgka .kakjd
fï jevigyka tljr ls%hd;aul jk iajrEmhla ;shkjd (Multi Processing)
fldïmshqgrhla jf.a
fï we. we;=f,a jevlrk fï jdf.a oi oyia .kka jevigyka ;shkjd
fïjdg u;l lsh, (Intelegence) lshkjd
wms .;a; wydrj, mjd yeu wkqjlu;a fï u;l jevigyka ;shkjd
fï Tlafldu f.u tl;=jla ;uhs uf.a fï lh
u;lfhau úYauhla
ñ,.g ;shkjd mqoa., ms,sn| u;lh
úúO mqoa., iïnkaO;djhka ms,sn| fkdfhla u;l rEm, yev, ,Ìk, .=k w.=k,
f,dl= fmdä wdoS ys;kak neß;rï u;l f.dvla wms.dj ;shkjd
u;lh jYfhka f,dj yÿkd.kak Woõjk ;j;a jeo.;au fohla ;uhs
jia;+ka ms,sn| os., m,,, Wi, ÿr, ,., fõ.h, p,kh, wf,dalh,j¾k wdosh ms,sn|
u;l
wms ñkqï jYfhka ixl,amkh lrkafka ixfõoS mrdihg yiqjQ fldgila Wod- wms
foaÿkakla .;af;d;a tys weig yiqjk j¾kudkh ú;rhs wms foaÿkakla lshkafk
^oDYAá mrdihl we;s ;rx. wdhduh ú;rhs&
kuq;a weig yiqfkdjk j¾k úYd, mrdYhla tys ;shkjd
u;l ilia fj,d ;sfhkafk ixfõoS mrdihg idfmaÌljhs
t;fldg wksla me;af;ka ixl,amkhg idfmaÌlj ;uhs f,dj w;aolskafk
wms wkka; jQ ixfõoS mrdihlska ;uhs fï u;l weiqfrka tl lE,a,la yÿk.kafk
wkka; ixfõoS mrdihlska tl m¨jla fm;a;la fldgila yÿkd.ekSu fïl
fï uekSu lrkafka mrk u;l j,ska ieliqkq ixl,am j,ska
thg ixl,amkfhka w¾; oelaùu lsh, lshkak mq¨jkss
Wodyrk l¨ iqÿ lsõfjd;a j¾k udkdj,shla .;af;d;a ixfõoS mrdihl wka; folla
ú;rhs
kuq;a ish¨ j¾K tlla tkï wkka; jQ j¾k mrdihla
fuysoS is;ska tkï udk ixl,amj,ska lrk fnoSula ú;rhs l¨ iqÿ
i;H iajrEmh wkka;hs
;j;a fulS fkdlS u;l .nvdjla ;shkjd
tys o;a; Tlafldu wms mdúÉÉlrkjd ú{dkhla yokak
fï u;l Tlafldu m%fhdackhg f.k ;uhs j¾;udkh w¾; olajkafka
t;fldg u;l lshkafka fldaÿjla, ññula, udkhla
u;lh ksid kï “uu” yefokafka u;l udkhla kï
tfykï “uu” fï udkfha m%;sm,hhs
uekSu ksid ;uhs “uu” fyj;a úoskakd yeÿfka
ug weyqkd,ug okqkd, uu oelald fï ;uhs tys m%;sm,h
fuysoS fï ms,sn|j;a wjOdkh fhduql, hq;=hs

83
fï o;a; fyj;a u;lh hkq w;s;fh wms bmÿk ojfi b|ka fï tl;=l, o;a;
ú;rla fkfuhs fmr nj j, u;l;a fuys ;shkjd
kuq;a j¾;udk Njfha u;l jf.a f,fyisfhka tys iajNdjh tljrg f;areï .kak
wudrehs
wmg u;lhg ke.sh yels wdldrhg (Format) fkfuhs taj ;sfhkafk
kuq;a wfma w;aú|Sï mrmqr lsõjyu ta ish,a,u ;shkjd
fï u;l lshkafk úYd, n, m%foaYhla
ukia ;=, fï ish¨ u;l wvx.=hs
kuq;a wmsg yqre mqreÿ u;l lshk tlu wms yeu;eklu fhdouq wjfndaOh myiqjg
wms ixialdr, ukia, l¾u, Wmdodkialkao wdoS fkdfhla ;ekaj,os l;dlf,;a tla;rd
úoshlg fï woyiuhs
th w;S; mxpialkao we;sùu ;=,isÿ jQ ls%hdj,shla ksid ta ms,sn| we;sjQ Yla;s j,
ialkaOùula Wmdodkh ùula ksid hï ixialrkh ùula ieliSula fj,d hï wdldrhlg
w;S;hu rdj m%;srdj fok iajNdjhla fuys ;shkjd
fïjd ksßÌkh lrkak ta ;=, weú|skak we;s wmyiqj ksid tl tl fldak j,ska n,,
fkdfhla kïoS, w¾; l:kh lr, oS, ;shkjd
ta ks¾jpk fï u;l j,u fkdfhla ,Ìk l;dlrkafk
fï ish¨ ,Ìk wvx.= fjk wdldrhg ;uhs u;lh lshk jpkh mdúÉlf,a
wms tosfkod cSú;fhaoS u;l lsõjyu thg fok w¾;hg jvd b;du mq¨,a w¾;hla
fuys ;shk nj jgyd.kak
fldfydu Wk;a jvd yqremqreÿ “uu” lshk jpkh fuf;kag fhoSu wfma wjfndaOh
myiq lrkjd

3-23 u;lh jYfhka mj;sk f,dalh ms,sn| o;a; kej; m%fhdackhg

.kafka fldfyduo?
fldfyduo
u;l lshkafka l=vd fldïmshqg¾ jevigyka jf.a
b¯shla wruqkl .efgkfldgu th oefkkjd
fï oekSu fudllao lsh, wÿk .kafka wr w;S;fha u;l jYfhka ;shk jevigyfkka
fï w¨;a o;a; wr jevigykg ou, ls%hd;aul (Process) lrkjd
oeka yÿkd .ekSu lrkjd
fï oekSu yd yÿkd .ekSu w;r .;jk ld,h b;du wvqhs ys;kak neye
fï ksid fudlo fj,d ;sfhkafka ukfia ls%hdldÍ;ajh ;=,ska wmsg f,dalhla uefjkjd
w;S; o;a;j,ska j¾;udk mxpialkaO uekSug ,lalrkjd
fï ksid wmsg j¾k .;af;d;a iuia; j¾k mrdih wyqfkdù
bka wka; folla l¨ iqÿ jYfhka olskjd
fï u;lh ;=,ska uekSug Ndckh l,úg oefkk fohhs
fuhg udhdj lshkafka talhs
we;a; fkdfjhs
ish,a, iuia;fhka fjkafj,d fmakjd
yÿkd.kafk ke;sj ysáhkï u;l m%fhdackhg .kafka ke;skï t;k fjkaj f,dalhla
uek, .;af; keye
“uu” tys keye

3-24 u;l Ndú;dlr mxpialkaohka w¾: olajk fldg fudlo fjkafka

fláfhkau lshkjkï “uu” iy “fiiq f,dalh” jYfhka folv fnoSuhs
u;l lshkafka ñkqï fyj;a ixl,am
fï fldaÿj,ska mxpialkaO osyd ne¨jyu yeu fudfyd;lu Yìo .kaO ri j¾k
iam¾I jYfhka f,dalh fjkalr yÿkd.kak mq¨jks

84
fï fjkalrk fldaÿj fyj;a w;S;h iïmQ¾k fndrejla
ljodj;a w;S;hla kej; tkafka keye
fïjd u;lfha ;shd.kakjd
fndre fldaÿ álla wms.dj ;shkjd
t;fldg wkka;jQ ixfõoS mrdihlska tl m¨jla lm, wms yÿk.kakjd
fï u;lfhka lrk ñkqï ksid wkka;jQ iuia;jQ Yla;shlska f.daprjQ úêhg fjkalr
fN!;sl;ajh yÿkd .kakjd
t;fldg is;sú,sj,ska f,dj ne¨jyu fN!;sl;ajh
is;sú,sj,ska f;drj ne¨fjd;a Yla;sh
t;fldg fï ú|skakd yd wruqk folg fnokafka u;lh
u;lh ;uhs fï is;sú,s is;a je,a yokafka
ú|skakd fyj;a uu iy wruqk w;r mr;rh is;sú,s fyj;a u;l
t;fldg fmakjd fkao fiiq f,dalh uf.ka fjka jkafka u;lfhka
“uu” yd “f,dalh” w;r fï ysvei yokafka fï ixl,am ñkqï fyj;a u;l

tfyukï fN!;sl;ajh lshkafka ixl,am ñkqï ;=,ska f,dj ñksh yels ùu

fï ixl,am;a ix{d ialkaO tl;=jQ f.dvla
fïjd tl;=fjkafka fmdäldf, boka tl;=jqk ;j;a iifros mqreÿ lrmq foa lshk
u;l j, tl;=fjka
oeka u;l j, tl;= jkafka isf;kau yomq Wmdodk ialkaO jk mxfÉka¯hkaf.ka (weia,
lka, kdia, osj, lh, uk) .kak o;a;
fï wkqj ne¨jyu tl;=jk u;l ;uhs wmsg ;sfhkafka
tfykï fï Njhg cd;shg iSudjk Wmdodk rEm wkqj ;uhs u;l yefokafka
fïl yßhg weyeg j;=r ìkaÿjla jqkdg wkaùÌhlska mrudkq olajd olskak mq¨jka
wefya Wmdodk iajrEmhg fjkia wkaùÌh
fï wkqj ;udf.a Njhg cd;shg idfmaÌlhs fï ix{d
ta úoshg ;uhs f,dj wÿr .kafka
ñ,.g wmsg oeka ;sfhk b¯shkaf.ka fN!;sl rEm f,i Yla;sh yÿkd.kakjd
fï ksid hï bvla ta rEmhg w,a,.kakjd
tkï rEmh wksla rEmj,ska fjkalrk jfág msysá fohla ;shkjd
ta ;uhs wjldIh
ish,af,kau fjka fjkaj rEm we;sfjkafka fï ksid
oeka “uu” lshk f,dalh yd “ú|skakd” w;r ysvei .kafka u;lh
th oeka fN!;sl;ajhg;a bvla wrf.k oS, oeka fN!;sl;ajh yd wjldIh we;sfj,d
ñ,.g n,kak, ix{d ke;skï, tlsfklg úúO jQ fï nyqúê rEm fyj;a fN!;sl;ajh
wmg keye
tfykï ú|skak fohla keye
tfykï miqlrf.k hkak fohla keye
wms tl ;ek
wms .=jka hdkhl hkfldg j,dl=¨j,ska f;dr meyeos,s wyil mshdir lrkúg tl
;ek wyiahdkdj kej;s,d jf.a fmakjd
fï fudlo? miqlrk foaj,a ke;s ksid
ysia njla miqlrkafka oefkkak fohla keye fjkiaùula keye tl;ek kej;s,d jf.a
f;afrkjd fï úoshg fN!;sl fjkialï wÿr.kak neye
tfykï ld,hla ke;sfjkjd
n,kak wms ld,h lshkafka fN!;sl;ajfha fjki oelSug
fN!;sl;ajfha fjki lshkafka u;l Wmfhda.Slrf.k mxpialkaO yÿkd .ekSu
wkka;jQ iuia: Yla;sh mxpialkaO jYfhka m¨lr, lE,a, lE,a, fm, .iaj,
yÿk.kakjd
fï ;uhs ld,h we;sùu
wms fïjdg lshkjd is;=ú,s jYfhka f,dj yÿkd .ekSu lsh,

85
tfyukï is;=ú,s wkqms,sfj,g f,dalh oek.ekSu ld,hhs
oeka n,kak u;l Ndú;fhka mxpialkaO yÿk.kak .shyu
fN!;sl;ajh ld,h wjldIh úêhg f,dalh fmakafkaa
fï úêhg f;rla ke;sj wlkavj mxpialkaO we;sfjkjd
fïl ;uhs f,dalh ;=, fN!;sl;ajh yd ld,h w;aú|Sñka cSj;a ùu
tfykï “uu” lshk fï fndre m%nkaOh
ld,h wjldIh fN!;sl;ajhla m%nkaO lrkjd
fïjd jHdchs udhdjla
t;fldg wkka;jQ Yla;s id.rfhka fldgila fjkalr, .;a;yu fN!;slhs
fï fjkalsÍu ksid wld,sljQ j¾;udkh w;S; wkd.; jYfhka lvkjd
tfykï “uuuu”
uu lshkafka wkka;jQ wld,sl;a
l;ajfhka fN!;sl jQ ld,hg msúiSuhs
tkï wkka;fhka wka;hg jeàu fN!;sl;ajhhs
wld,sl;ajfhka ld,hg jeàu w;S;h iy wkd.;hg msúiSuhs
fï wkqj fN!;sl;ajh iy ld,hg msúiSu wkka;fhka iy wld,sl;ajfhka fjkajQ
“uu” keu;s meje;aug msúiSuhs
fu;k wld,sl wkka;h hk jpkh lsõfj ixl,amkh l,fkdyels nj y.jkakhs
wixl,amd;aul ;;ajhla hï;dla ÿrlg f;areulg k.kakhs
kuq;a fyd|g u;l ;shd.kak kshuu w¾;h fkfjhs
jpk fuf;kaos w¾;h iSud lrkjd
jpkhla hkq mqoa., wjia:d isoaê ¯jH ixfla;j;a lrkak fmdÿfõ ms,s.;a yvj,a
álla wl=re álla ú;rhs
fu;kos ixfla;j;a lrkak fohla ke;s ksid pjkj,ska fok w¾;h iSud iys;hs

3-25 u;lh ke;skï uu ke;sjqfkd;a t;k fudlo fjkafka

tfyukï j¾;udkh w¾: olajkak flfkfla keye
wkka;fhka m¨ fjka lrkafk keye
j¾;udkh lshk wld,sl;ajfhka ld,hg meg,efjkafka keye
ld,h fN!;sl;ajh keye
“uu” fyj;a “úoskakd” iy “ú|skq,nk foh” fokaku keye
fï folu wkafkdakH Woõfjka ;shk folla
tlsfklg idfmaÌl idOl
tfykï wld,slhs wkka;hs
kuq;a wld,sl;ajh;a wkka;h;a l;dlrkak kï
ld,h wka; nj lshk ixl,amkhg idfmaÌlj l,hq;= fohla
fuh wixl,amd;aul ;;ajhla f;areï .kak fhdomq jpk úkd h:d w¾:h fkdfõ
wksla me;af;ka wms lshuq wld,sl wkka; lshk ixl,amh lshkafk Y+kH;ajh lsh,
fu;kos Y+kH;ajh lshkafk fudllao? ysianj
fudkjhskao ysia? ks;H fkdjk fjkia fkdjk mod¾;hlska w;aú|Sï mrmqr ysia
tkï ú|Sï iajNdjfhka ysia
ld,fhka fN!;sl;ajfhka ysia
tfykï u;l ke;skï fu;k Y+kHhs

3-26 uu iudkhs f,dalh jYfhka yÿkajkafka wehs?

wms oeka okakjd fkao “uu” lshkafka u;lj,ska lrmq m%nkaohla lsh,
u;l lshkafka fudkjdo? ñkqï m%udk ixl,am lsh, lsõjd
fïjd fudkjd .eko? fï Yìo .kaO ri j¾k iam¾I .ek
fïjd ;sfhkafka ;udf.ka msgo we;=f,o? msg
tfykï ;udf.ka msg ;sfhkafka fudllao? uf.ka msg f,dalh

86
t;fldg u;l lshkafka uf.ka msg f,dalfha o;a;
kej; “uu” lshkafk;a u;l fyj;a uf.ka msg f,dalfha o;a;
tfykï “uu” uf.a lshkafk f,dAflgu fkao
f,dalh yd uu lshk ixl,am fol fjk;a fldakhlska n,kak mq¨jks
hï fkdneÿkq tkï wixl,amd;aul iajNdjfha isg neÿkq Wmdodkh jQ ix{d fõokd
;;ajhg ke;skï ixl,amkh l,yels ;;ajhg jeáu ksid ;uhs “uu” f,dalh lsh,
fnfokafk
fï folg fnÿfk ke;akï folu keye
wks;a me;af;ka n,kak fï oekSu lshk tl yßhg isxydikhla jf.a
fu;k tl mqgqjhs
b¯shka f.ka wruqkq .kakfldg oekSu jdäfjkjd
tal wÿk.kakfldg “uu” jdäfjkjd
Wodyrk yv iy wykakd lshk fofokd jßka jr fuys jdäfjkjd
oekSu lshkafka “yv”
Bg miafi yÿk .;af; u;lfhka ta “uu”
kuq;a u;l lshkafk;a kej; “yv” uhs
ta lshkafka “uu” lshkafka f,dalhgu lsh, oeka wms okakjd fkao?
tfykï “yv” hkq yv yÿkd.ekSuuo?keye
yv folg lv, fom¨ lr, tl fldgilg uu wykakd
wksla fldgi ú|skq,nk foh tkï “yv”
fï u;l f,dalh yÿk.kak ls%hd lrk wdldrh;a yßu úYauh cklhs
u;l lshkafka yßhg lkakdähla jf.a
lkakdäh bosßhg .shyu tlu rEmh folla fjkjd
we;a; rEmh yd lkakdäfha jefgk m%;sìïnh
ta jf.a u;l lshk lkakdäh ;=, jefgk yÿk.kak ú|Su
f,dalfha m%;sìïnh úkd i;H f,dalh fkfuhs
tfykï “uu” “u;l” fïjd jHchs fndre
t;fldg “yv” “uu” lshkafka we;a;gu idfmaÌ fohla
“yv” iy “wefykakd” jqfka mxpialkao fyj;a ú{dk tkï f,dj folg fno,d ú|Su
fya;=fjka “uu” lshk fndrejg rejgqk ksid
wksl fï folg fno, “uu” “yv” fyj;a úIh yd l;D jYfhka fnokjd lshkafka
j¾;udk fudfyd; u;l ;=,ska fom¨ lr, w;S; wkd.; u;l j,ska j¾;udkh
w¾;oelaúu
tfyukï kdu rEm j,g fnoSu fN!;sl;ajh ld,hg fnoSu lshkafka fï Tlafldu
tlhs
“uu” lshk jHdc;ajfha m%;sm, ;uhs ta
fN!;sl;ajh fyj;a rEm úúO;d wjldYh ;=,ska fnfokjd
kdu fyj;a ld, úúO ;d w;S; wkd.;hg ú|Su leäfuka fnfokjd
fï ;uhs mxpialkaO u;lfhka w¾; oelaúfï m%;sm,h

3-27 tfyukï f,dalh l=ulao?

kdu rEm lshkafka mxpialkaO
ta lshkafka hula Yìo .kaO ri j¾k iam¾I Oïu jYfhka yÿkd.ekSu
“uu” iy “úoskq ,nk jia;=j” jYfhka f,dj folv lv, w;aú|Su
úIh yd l;D jYfhka f,dj oekSu fï is;sú,s j,ska f,dj oelSuhs
fuys m%;sM,h fN!;sl;ajh yd ld,hg meñKSu
wúoHdj fuhhs
uf.ka fjkajQ fiiq f,dalhla we;sùu
tfykï is;sú,s j,ska ukfika ;uhs fï ld,h yd fN!;sl;ajh yo, ;sfhkafka

87
fï ;uhs kdu rEm ke;skï mxpialkao
tfykï is;sú,s we;sùu ;uhs mxpialkaO lshkafka
ta wkqj f,dalh lshkafka mxpialkaouhs
tfykï mxpialkaO is;sú,s j,ska f;dr kï kdu rEm keye
ld,h wjldIh fN!;sl;ajh keye
tfykï t;k “uu” keye
t;k wúoHdj keye
úoHdjhs
fï mrud¾; i;Hh

3-28 mD;ck hkafkys w¾;h l=ulao?

mD;ck lshkafk fjkajqk lshk tl
fjkajqfka fldfykao? wkka;fhka, mrud¾; i;Hfhka, wixL;fhka.
wka;hlg jeá,d Yla;sfhka fjkafj,d os., m,,, Wi, yev, YìO, .kaO, ri, j¾k
iam¾I Th wdoS fN!;sl ñkqïj,g weú,a, j¾;udkh lshk wld,sl w;aú|Su w;S;
wkd.; lsh, lv, ld,hg meñks,d fN!;sl;ajh yd ld,hg jeá,
fï ;uhs ú|Su iy ix{d j,g jeá, ix{d fõokd kdu rEm f.dvlg jeá,d
wld,sl wkka;fhka fN!;sl ld,hg meñkSu fyj;a fnoSu ;uhs mD;ck Ndjh
fï fjkaùu w¾;hg k.k ;j iqm%isoao Wodyrkhla ;shkjd
ta ;uhs we;=f, ysia ueá fnda,hla ;shkjd ys;uq
fï ueá fndaf, we;=f, wjldIh ;shkjd
ueá fnda,h tfyg fufyg .uka lrkúg ta ueá fnda,h ;=, ;shk wjldIh .uka
lrkjd
tfyu ke;akï ta ta ;ekg wod, wjldIh w,a, .kakjd lshkak mq¨jka
fldfydu jqk;a ta ueá fnda,h ;shk l,a ta we;=f, wjldIh msg wjldifhka
fjkafj,d fmakjd
fukak fï uki lshk ueá ljrfhka jeys, ;shkl,a uu f,dalfhka fjkafj,d
olskjd

3-29 ix{d fõokd ms,sn| oek.ekSfï jeo.;alu l=ulao?

ñg biafi,a,;a fï .ek l:dl,d kuq;a wms oeka b,lal lrk ud;Dldjg wod,jk
f,i fï jpkfha f;areu ;j fldakhlska n,uq
id.rh lshkafk fno, mdúÉÉ lrkak fnosh yels fohla fkfuhs
kuq;a wms meismsla, bkaoshka, w;a,dka;sla lsh, fno, ;shkjd
ta jqkdg id.rh tfyu fnos,o? keye
fudkjhskao tfykï wms fnÿfj? ixl,amj,ska
ixl,am ;sfhkafk fldfyo? ysf;a
tfykï fnos, ;sfhkafk fudllao? ys;
ixl,am hkq fnoSula
ixl,am ñkqï j,ska f;dr fnoSula keye
“uu” lshk ys; ;uhs fnokafka
tfyu fnokak mq¨jka jqfka fudlo?wms .dj ix{d fõokd ;shk ksid
ta lshkafka f,dalh lsh, fno, fjkalr, fmakafk ix{d fõokd ;shk ksid
“uu” bkak ksid
kuq;a ixl,amkh lrkak neßkï f,dalh fnokak neye
ixl,amkfhka fno, ;sfhkafka ys;
tfykï meyeos,sju is; fnoSu f,dalh fnoSuhs
ix{d fõokd ;uhs mxpialkao we;sfjkak uq,a fjkafk

88
fï f,dalh wmsg fufyu fmfkkafk wmsg ixl,amkh l,yels ksid
ixl,amkh ke;skï fN!;sl f,dalhj;a ld,h j;a ke;sfjkjd
tfyukï fudlo fj,d ;sfhkafka ? wkka; wld,sl ;;ajhg jeá,
wms ixl,amkfhka ÿgqfj fudkjdo? fN!;sl;ajh yd ld,h
wms .sys,a, ;sfhkafk fldydgo t;fldg? wms uq,ska lshmq Yla;s f.dfä b|,
fN!;sl;ajhg ld,hg
tfyukï wms fudfydlskao yeos, ;sì, ;sfhkafka? Wmdodkh fkdjQ Yla;shlska
ne|Sï ke;s Yla;sfha isg ne|Sï iys; ks¾udkhg weú;a mxpialkao jYfhka f,dalh
yÿkd.kakjd lshkafka talg
wms t;kg lshuq oeka Yla;s lsh,
kuq;a kej; fu;kos uu lshkjd fuh wixl,amd;aulhs
kej; ne|Sï ke;s ;ekg hkjd lshkafka kej; Yla;sfjkjd
fïl yßhg j;=f¾ ;shk whsialefá jf.a
j;=frka fjkafj,d mdfjù Wvg b,ams,d ;shkjd
whsialefá fjkak biafi,a, j;=r
t;k whsia fjkak wjYH ne|Su keye
kuq;a whsiafjkak wjYH mßirh yeÿku whsia ks¾udk fjkjd
kej; ta wjYH idOl ke;sjqkdu j;=rgu tl;=fjkjd
fukak fï jf.a ;;ajhla ;uhs ix{d fõokd ;=,ska we;sfj,d ;sfhkafk

3-30 oekSug idfmaÌj wmsg fmak f,dalhg jvd ienE;;ajh fjkiao?

Tõ
n,kak wms wefyka iSks lefá ne¨jyu jf.ao wkaùÌlska iSks lefá osyd ne¨jyu
fmakafka.
fï jf.a wms.dj ;shkjd oekSï mrdihla
YìO .kaO ri j¾k iam¾I Oïu fïjd
Wod( wms iSks leghla .;af;d;a tys wvx.= fldgia fudkj;a fmakafk keye
jfá wjldYfhka fjkajQ ljrh ú;rhs fmakafka
talg lshkjd iSks leghla lsh,
fï weyeg fmak mrdih fuysoS ishqï wkq olajd weyeg fmakafk keye
fï Yla;s tl;=jqk ;;ajh ;uhs fmakafk
fïl ;uhs wfma oDYaá mrdih
ta jf.a ish¨u bka¯hkg oekSï mrdihla ;shkjd
ta oekSï mrdihg idfmaÌlhs wmsg fmfkk f,dalh
fï b¯sh úIh;djh m%;sikaê ú{dkfha Yla;shg idfmaÌlhs
m%;sikaê ú{dkfha ;snQ ffp;islhkg idfmaÌj ;uhs fï Nj cd;s ,enqfka
fï m%;sikaê ú{dkh fmrNjfha wjidk pq;s jQ ú{dkhg idfmaÌlhs.
fï wkqj fï b¯úYh;djhg idfmaÌj f,dalh iuqáGdk fyj;a f.dvj,a úêhg
olskafka
ish¨u w;aú|Sï >k úoshg f.dvla úoshg ñila tysoS wkka; jQ mrdih olajd hkak
neye
tkï ishqïu ;;ajhg fyj;a mrud¾;hg hkak neye
>k fyj;a f.dvj,a j,ska jeys,
fï f.dvj,a fjk fjku .;a;yu ;uhs
YìO .kaO ri j¾k iam¾I Oïu fjkafka
fï f.dvj,a ;uhs ñkqï fnoSï ixl,am
i;Hh fmakafk keye
>k j,ska jeyqk tajdg ;uhs wms kï od, tl tlúoshg kï lrkafka
kdu lshkafka tajd

89
fïjd is;a we;sjqkdu we;sjk É;a; ffp;isl ls%hdj,sfha m%;sm,hla jYfhka b;sß
fjkjd
ukisldr fyj;a fukys l, yels nj tys iajNdjhhs
fï f.dvj,a úoshg .;af;d;a fjkfoa
oeka kdu rEm f.dvj,a yÿkd.;yels w;S;hla ;shk w;aú|Sï mrmqrla wÿkd.;yels
;;ajhg m;afjkjd
“uu” we;sùu fuhhs
fï ;uhs fN!;sl ¯jH yÿkd.;yels nj we;sùu
Bg idfmaÌlj fN!;sl;ajh fjkiaùu wjfndaOùu tkï ld,hg meñkSu isÿfjkjd
fï ;uhs f.dvj,a f,i b¯hkaf.ka wruqkq .ekSfï m%;sm,h
kuq;a ixfõoS mrdihg wkka;jQ wld,sl jQ fï ;;ajh fkfuhs fmakafk
Yla;sh, Y+kH nj, wkka;h yiqjkak ;rï wfma b¯sh úIh ;djh ishqï keye
f.dvla jqfkd;a ú;rhs fmfkkafk
fï ksidu fjkiaùula w;aú|sh yels ld,h we;sfjkjd
tfyukï wld,sl wkka; ke;skï wixl,amd;aul ;;ajfha ld,h fN!;sl;ajh keye
kuq;a ixfõoS mrdihla ;shkjd kï wmsg ixl,amkh l, yels fjkjd
t;k ;uhs f,dalh

3-31 mxpialkaoh “uu

uu” uf.a” jYfhka .ekSu lshkafka l=ulao?
uu “uf.a

mxpialkaOhla we;sùu lshkafka kdu rEm we;sfjkjd lshk tl

kdu rEm j,ska “ú|skakd” fyj;a “uu” ;yjqre fjkjd
rEm lshkafka uf.ka msg f,dalh yd tys ;shk foa
tajd ug whs;slr .kakjd lshkafka tys hï wefykak oEfkkak olskak yels
mod¾;hla ;shkjd lsh, ys;, uf.a lsh, .kak tl
fïlg lshkjd mxpialkaofha wd;au wd;añh iajrEmh lsh,;a
ke;akï “uu” “uf.a” jYfhka .ekSu;a thuhs

3-32 mxpialkaOfha wks;H ÿlaL wkd;au oelSu lshkafka l=ulao?

fïlg lshkjd ;s%,Ìkh olskjd lsh,
t;fldg wms fï ,Ìk ;=k ;shkjd lsh, n,kafk fldfyo? mxpialkaOfha
mxpialkao we;sfjkafka fï fudfydf;a
tfyukï fï fudfydf;a j¾;udkfha we;sjk ú|Su ;=, ;uhs wkd;auh olskak Tsk

fuys o, woyi .;af;d;a

wks;Hhs hkq - ks;ru fjkiajk nj
ÿlalh - ta fjkiajk iq¨ nj ksid th ksirehs
wkd;auhs - fï fjkiaùu lshkafka tys mj;skjd lsh, .kak fohla ke;s
nj tkï fï jev rdcldÍlrk ú|sk “uu” flfkla fï
w;aú|Sï mrmqf¾ keye

tfykï wms fï mxpialkaOhkays ;%s,Ìkh ;shkjdo n,kafka l=ulaksido?

fï w;aú|Sï ;=, uu flfkla wÿr .kak mq¨jkso lsh, n,kak ke;akï fjkia
fkdjk fohla mod¾;hla tys ;shkjdo lsh, n,k tlg

bosß idlÉpdj,g m%fhdackj;a fjkak

wms fïl fmdävla úia;r jYfhka oek.ksuq
wms fï ;s%,Ìkh n,kafka mxpialkaOhl

90
mxpialkaOhla we;sfjkafk fï fudfydf;a j¾;udkfha
t;fldg j¾;udkh w;aú|sk fudfydf; ta ú|Su ;=, “uu” keye lsh, f;areï hkafka
fudlo? wms wjfndaOlr.kak oek.kak Tsk l=ulao?
ta mxpialakOh ;=, ;shk lsisu fohla ta fudfydf;a fjkia fkdù ;sfhkafka keye
fjkiajk iq¨hs tkï wks;Hhs
fuys ia:srj fjkiafkdjk lsisu fohla meje;aula fu;k keye.
fï ksid “uu” flfkla mxpialkaOfha fmakak keye.
wksl w;S; wkd.; lshkafk w;S; u;l ksid mj;sk u;l wxY=jla i,l=kla ud;%hla
fYaIhla úkd i;H jYfhka ;shk fohla fkfjhs
wmsg ;shk j¾;udk fudfyd; ;uhs cSú;h újD; fjk ljq¿j
tfykï miq.sh wms w;S;h lsh, l:dlrk tl mxpialkaOhlj;a “uu” ysákak úosyla
keye fkao?wkd.;fha we;sfjk taj;a ta;a tfyu fkao?tfykï fï fudfydf;a
w;aú|Su ;=, ;uhs fï ;s%,Ìkh n,kak Tsks.
wms wjfndaO lr.;hq;af;a fï álhs
3-33 oeka fufyu m%Yakhla kef.kjd
Tn lsõjd uq,os mxpialkaOhla uu uf.a jYfhka .ekSu ilaldh osááh
lsh,
wks;a me;af;ka mxpialkaOh lshkafka kdu rEm lsõjd
rEm lshkafka yv kdu lshkafka uu lsõjd
wks;a me;af;ka uq,os lshjqkd kdu rEm
rEm tlsfklg idfmaÌlhs lsh,
tfykï oeka fu;k uu ke;snj oek.;a;yu yv ke;sfjkafka keoao
fudllao fuys ;;ajh?h
oeka wms yßhgu ixosia:dkhlg wdj
n,kak uq,os lsõjd mxpialkaOhla w;aú|Sula ksid we;sfjkjd
kdu rEm ke;akï “uu” yd “fiiq f,dalh”
ke;skï ld,h yd fN!;sl;ajh
fN!;sl;ajh lsõfj l=vd oekSï mrdij,g
oekSï mrdi we;sfjkafka mrk u;l ixl,am j,ska oekSu yÿk .ekSu ;=, lsõjd
wksla me;af;ka ld,h hkq fN!;sl;ajfha fjki yÿkd .ekSu lsõjd
tfykï fï fN!;sl;ajhla yÿk .kak neßkï ld,hla we;sfjkafka keye
ta jf.au ld,hla ke;skï u;l ixl,am we;sfjkak úoshla keye
ld,h yd fN!;sl;ajh wkafkdakH wdh;a;;djhlska hq;= idfmaÌl idOl
tlla ke;skï wksl ;sfhkak neye
tfyukï Tfì m%Yafkg b;du jeo.;a mokula ;shkjd
ta wkqj ne¨fjd;a wksjd¾Hfhkau mxpialkaOfha wkd;au lshk iajNdjh fidhd.;yels
msúiqï folla yuqfjkjd

• kdu fyj;a uu lshk tl mokï lrf.k mxpialkaOh yodrf.k hkúg tys

rEm fldgila lsh, .kak fohla ke;snj f;afrkjd

• rEm fyj;a fï fiiq f,dalh mokï lrf.k mxpialkaO yodrf.k hkúg tys
kdu lsh, .kak fohla keye lsh, f;afrkjd

fï ;uhs ixosia:dkh
mxpialkaOfha wkd;auh iajNdjh msúiqï follska wjfndaOlr.; yelshs
fyd|hs oeka fufyu follg fnos, fmkqkg fï folu tlla
n,kak f,dalh lsh, we;sùug fya;=j mD;.ackNdjh we;sùu

91
“uu” yd “fiiq f,dalh” jYfhka ú|Sug mgka .ekSu lsõjd
úuqla;sh lshkafk wkd;au iajdNdjh lsõjd
f,dalfha iajNdjh ld,h fN!;sl;ajh ;=, cSj;a ùu lsh, lsõjd
ta jf.au ld,h fN!;sl;ajh tlsfklg idfmaÌ idOl lsõjd
ta lshkafka tlla ke;sjqfkd;a wksl ke;sfjk nj lsõjd
tfyukï meyeos,s fjkak Tsk fï úuqla;sh folg leä, fkfuhs ;sfhkafka
thg msúfik fodrgq folla fu;k ;sfhkafk
fï f,dalh wjfndaO lr.kakd l%u fõo folla
kuq;a fuysoS uu kej; lshkjd f,dal ú.%yh yd úuqla;sh ta jf.au ta úuqla;shg hk
ud¾.h hk ;=ku m%fõY foflaosu tlhs kuq;a fodrgq folhs

3-34 ilaldh osÜáh jYfhka woyia lrkafka l=ula o@

nqÿoyu úia;r lrkak fhdodf.k we;s ixl,am w;ßka b;du jeo.;a ixl,amhla fï
ilaldh osáGsh lshk tl
fn!oaO o¾Ykfha yrh iïmQ¾kfhkau fï jfá f.dvkeÕ=kla
wms nqÿyu ;=,ska lshfjkafka l=ulao lsh, b;du o,jYfhka i,l,d ne¨fjd;a wmsg
fïl jgyd .kak mq¨jks
ta lshkafka fuhhs
wms “uu” “uf.a” jYfhka ys;df.k bkak fï w;aú|Sï mrmqr ;=, we;af;a fya;= m%;H
jYfhka we;sfjù ke;sfjù hk idfmaÌlj mj;sk É;a; ffp;isl rEm lshk
ixisoaêhla úkd ta oekSï w;aú|Sfï mrmqr ;=, “uu” “uf.a” jYfhka yÿkd.; yels
fkdfjkiaù tu ú|sï ,nd.;yels i;ajfhl= mqoa.,fhl= wd;auhla fyda lsishï tjeks
mod¾;hla tys ke;snjhs
fï “uu” “uf.a” ke;skï uf.a wd;auh jYfhka ms,s.ekSu ilaldh osáÜhhs
fuu ixl,amh úia;r lsÍug jvdu fhda.H l%uh lsh, uu ys;kafka tys we;s ,Ìk
fkdfhla wdldrfhka i,ld n,k tl
fï jk úg wms tys we;s ,Ìk fkdfhla wdldrfhka ie,ls,a,g Ndckh l,d

uu ys;kjd fuysoS fï ilaldh osáÜh ms,sn| we;s iQ;% foaYkd ;=,ska hï woyila
,ndf.k Bg miqj fï ms,sn| wms ;jÿrg;a n,uq
m,uqj u.ksks/Wmß mkakdilfha $foajoy j¾.fha /uyd
uyd mqKaku i%;%fha fldfyduo
lshfjkafk lsh, n,uq
“uyK fï f,dalfhys wd¾h O¾uh fkdokafka rEmh wd;auh jYfhka (uuh uf.a
jYfhka) olshs. rEmj;a wd;auh fyda wd;aufhys rEmh fyda olshs.fõokd i{d
ixialdrh ú{dkh wd;auh jYfhka olS.ú{dkj;a wd;auh fyda wd;aufhys ú{dkh
fyda olshs fï jkdys ilaldh osáGshhs”

oeka n,kak ucacu ksldfha

dfh pQ, hul j¾.fha / pQ, fõo,a i%;%h
“wd¾hdfjks ,ilaldh osáGsh we;sjkafka flfiao? f,dj wd¾hhka ^i;Hh& fkdokakd
i;amqreI O¾ufhys fkdyslauqKq wúh;a mD:.ackhd rEmh wd;auh jYfhka olS.
wd;auh rEmj;a fldg olS. fõokd, i[a[d, ixialdr, ú[a[dKfhys wd;auh olS.
fufia ilaldh osáGsh we;s fjhs

n,uq ;j;a tl i%;%hla fudkjo fï .ek lshkafk lsh,

i.ks
ks/É;a; j¾.fha /ÿ;s
ÿ;sh biso;a; i%;%h
“iajdñks ilaldhosáGsh jkafka flfiao?.Dym;sh wd¾hhka fkdolakd wd¾h O¾ufha
woÌ wúh;a mD:ckhd rEmh wd;auh lshd fyda wd;auh rEmj;a lshd fyda wd;aufhys
rEmh mj;S lshd fyda rEmfhys wd;auh mj;S lshd fyda olS fï fõokdj ix{dj

92
ixialdr ú{dkfhys wd;auh mj;S lshd fyda olS..Dym;sh ilaldh osáGSh fufia
fjhs.”

uu fï i%;%mdG lsysmhla .;af;a tla;rd jeo.;a ;ekla biau;=lrkak

tkï fudk úoshg ilaldh osááh ks¾jpkh l,;a “mxpia mxpialkaoh wd;auh”
h jYfhka
.ekSu ilaldh osáGshhs lshk tl meyeos,s lrkakhs.
tfykï ilaldh osáÜh .ek wjfndaOlr.kak biafi,a,d mxpialkaO iy wd;au hk
jpk fofla f;areu wrf.k b|suq
mxpialkaOhla hkq “w;aú|Sula iliaùu” lsh, ñkafmr lshjqkd
wms mxpialkaOhla fï úoshg ks¾jpkh l,du fï uq¨ mxpialkaOhu tlúg we;sjk
ls%hdj,shla hkak meyeos,s fjkjd
fuysoS fï lshufka O¾udkql+, nj f;areï .kak
oeka wms yßhgu i%;%mdG weiqfrka fï mxpialkao lshk tl f;areï .kak n,uq
fudlo fïjdfha w¾:h ishqïj .%ykh lr .kak ;rug hula wjfndaO lr.kak
myiqfjkjd ksjerosu wdldrhg wjfndaOlr.; yelsfjkjd
fu;kos i.ks ks/ucacsu mkakdilfha /Wmh
Wmh j¾.fha $íc iQ;%h yd tys ;j i%;% lsysmhlu
ug u;l yeáhg ;shkjd fï ms,sn| b;du jeo.;a woyila
ta wkqj rEm fõokd ix{d ixialdr yer ú{dkhla we;sfjkafka keye lsh, meyeos,s
fjkjd.
fu;k fï woyi fudllao? fï mxpialkaoh mia wdldrhlg tl;=ùu tlg isÿjkakla
õkd fjk fjku isÿjkakla fkdfõ hkak fuys woyihs.

wms ñka fmros l, meyeos,s lsÍï j,skq;a fu;kos l:dl, foa ;=,sk=;a mxpialkaoh
ms,sn| hï woyila ,nd.;a;
ta wkqj o, jYfhka rEm fõokd ix{d ixldrd ú{dkd lshk iduqysl ls%hdj,sh ;=,ska
,nk w;aú|Su mxpialkaOh nj jgyd .;a;d
oeka n,kak wms;=, yeu fudfydf;u plaLq, fida;, cSõ yd,.>dk, ldh, uk jYfhka
ú{dk we;sfjkjd
wefykjd, oefkkjd, olskjd, ys;kjd, fïjd yeu fudfydf;u fjkjd
ú{dk we;sfjkjd, fudllao fuys woyi?
mxpialkao lshk tl yeu fudfyd;lu we;sfjù ke;sfjù hk fohla
wmsg f,dalh w;aú|skjd lshk lE,af,os
ta lshkafka j¾;udkh lshk fudfydf;os ;uhs tfykï fï mxpialkao we;sfjkak
mq¨jka
tfyukï j¾;udkh lshk fï fudfydf;a YìO, .kaO, ri, j¾k, iam¾I, Oïu ksid
we;sjk ú{dk (lsõjyu mxpialkaohu ;shkjd) lshkafka tfykï mxpialkao j,g
kuq;a ta mxpialkao fya;= m%;Hhka ksid yg .;a É;a; fp;isl ls%hdoduhla f,i
fkfjhs wms l:d lrkafka, wmg jegfykafka
wms n,uq wfma tosfkod idudkH jHjydrfhaoS ú{dk we;sjqkdu ta ms,sn| fldfyduo
l:dlrkafk lsh,

ug weyqkd
ug fmkqkd olald
ug rihla oekqkd
ug .| iqj| oekqkd
ug lhg myila oekqkd
ug ys;=kd lsh, lshkjd

tfykï fï fudkjo?

93
fï j¾;udkh lshk “cS cSú;h újD;jk ljq¿fjka” n,, ,nk foag wms lshkafka
mxpialkaO lsh, fkfuhs ú{k lsh, fkfuhs
ug weyqkd, oekqkd, oelald, ys;=kd wdoS ug jqk foaj,a f,i
fu;k jeo.;au f;areï .kak
“tl w;aú|Sula ;uhs ú{dkhla lshkafka” fïl we;sfjkafka j¾;udkh lshk w;aú|sk
fudfydf;a
fï j¾;udk mxpialkao ;uhs je,la jf.a hkafka
w;aú|Sï mrmqrla lsh, lshkafka fï mxpialkao je,g
cSú;h w;aúosk ljq¨j j¾;udkhhs
w;aú|skafka mxpialkao
yeu w;aú|Sulau mxpialkaohla
tfyukï fjk úoshlska lshkjd kï fu;k ;sfhkafka É;a; fp;isl rEm jYfhka
Yla;Skaf.a ialkaOùu ksid yg.;a ixisoaêhla ls%hdoduhla
fï ;uhs w;aú|Sï ilia ùu
t;fldg nqÿrcdkka jykafia fï we;sjk wjfndaOhkag w;aú|Sïj,g lsõj kdu rEm
lsh,
tkï mxpialkaOh ;=,ska ,nk fï w;aú|Su Yla;Skaf.a hï ialkaOùul f.dv .eiSul
m%;sm,hla
ta jf.au ta w;aú|Su me;a; ne¨jyu wmsg fmakjd th kdu, rEm jYfhka folg
fno,d ;shkjd
ta lshkafka rEm lsõjyu Yìo, .kaO, ri, j¾k, iam¾I jYfhka w;aú|Sï ;=, hï
fN!;sl;ajhla w;aolskjd
ta jf.au kdu lsõjyu fõokd, ix{d, ixldrd, ú{dk ksid ta uq,ska l:dl, rEm ál
ú|skafkl= fmakjd
wmsokakjd ú|su lshkafk fN!;sl;ajh fjkiaùu oekSug
ta lshkafka ld,hg
tfyukï mxpialkaO ;=,ska ,nmq w;aú|Su ld,h yd fN!;sl;ajhhs
fï w;aú|Sï wms ;j;a úoshlg j¾. lr, ;shkjd
tkï plaLq ú{dk, fida; ú{dk, >dk ú{dk, cSõyd ú{dk, ldh ú{dk, ukk
ú{dk
fï j¾;udk lshk ljq¨fjka n,, ,nk yeu w;aõ|sulgu wjfndaOhlgu ú{dk
lshk úfYaI ku lsõfj fudlo?
ú{dk lshkafka tfyukï úfYaI jqk wjfndaOhla fjkak Tsfk
fudllao fï “ú” lshkafka ? tkï folg fnÿk {dkh
ta lshkafka wjfndaOhla
fï folg fno, wjfndaO lr.kakjd lshkafka “uu” iy fiiq f,dalh lsh, folg
fno, hula wjfndaO lr .ekSu
fuys woyi n,kak kï wms w;aú|Sï .ek l;dlrk úosh ne¨jyu fïl fyd|g
wjfndaO fjkjd

ug weyqkd - fu;k uu yd yv
ug oekqkd - fu;k uu yd oekqk foa
ug fmkqkd - fu;k uu yd fmkqk foa
ug ys;=kd - fu;k uu yd is;sú,s

fu;k me;a;l uu bkakjd

wksla me;af;a YìO .kaO ri j¾k iam¾I Oïu úêhg fiiq f,dalh ;shkjd
“uu” f,dj w;aú|skjd
tkï ú|skakd fyj;a l;D yd úosk ,nk foh fyj;a úIh ^fiiq f,dalh& jYfhka
folg fno,

94
fu;k fï fudlo fj,d ;sfhkafka
wms ,nk yeu w;aú|Sula ;=,u “uu” iy fiiq f,dalhla ;shknj jegfykjd
mxpialkao tkï w;aú|Sï tkï yvla .;af;d;a “ug weyqkd” wdoS jYfhka folg
fno, ú|skjd
uu fu;kos u;la lsÍula lrkakï
wfma fï l:dj fld;kgo b,lal lf,a lsh,
ta ;uhs wms wjfndaOlr.kak yeÿfj ilaldhosáÜh
th ks¾jpkh l,du wms oelald mxpialkaO wd;au jYfhka .ekSu ilaldh osáÜhhs
ñ,.g mxpialkaO lshkafka fudllao lsh, ne¨j
fï w;aú|Su iliaùï ls%hdj,sh mxpialkaO hkak wms oelald
ta ;=,ska wms w;aú|skafka kdu rEm ke;akï fN!;sl;ajh ld,h hkak oelal
oeka b;ska wms mxpialkaOh ks¾jpkh lr.;a; ksid fu;kos wd;au lshk jpkh;a
ks¾jpkh lr.;af;d;a jefä f,ais fjkjd
iodld,sl wúkYajr tkï yeuodu ;shk fjkia fkdjk ks;H fohla ;uhs wd;au
lshk tflka yÿkajkafka
t;fldg fï w;aú|Sï mrmqr ;=, iodld,sl fjkia fkdjk ks;H flfkla bkakjd
lshk tl ;uhs wd;au oDYaáh
t;fldg mxpialkaOh ;=, uu flfkla bkakjd lshk tl ke;skï wms l:dlrk fï
weyqkd oekqkd oelald ys;=kd lshk ú|Sï ;=, uu flfkla bkakjd w;S;fha ysáhd
wkd.;fha;a thdu bkakjd
fï tlu flkduhs ld,;a;%h ;=, weúo weúo bkaafka lshk fï wfma ;shk wjfndaOh
ysf;ka whska lrkak neß wjfndaO lr.kak b;du wudre iajNdjh ;uhs
fï wd;auh lshk jpkfhys kshu w¾;h yeu ú|Sula ;=,u fkdjfkiajk uu bkakjd
lshk tl.
fldfydu Wk;a oeka n,uq
mxpialkao “wd;auh” jYfhka .ekSu
mxpialkao “uu” jYfhka .ekSu
mxpialkao lshk fï j¾;udk fudfyd; ;=,
w;aú|skd ú|Su “uuh” “udf.ah” lsh, ys;d.k bkakjdg lshkafka ilaldh osáGsh
lsh,
fï j¾;udk fudfyd;j,a f.dv tl;=jg ;uhs uu cSj;a fjkjd lshkafka
oeka Th f.d,a,ka j¾;udk w;aú|Sug mxpialkaoh lsh, lshkjd lshk tl okakjd
tajdg ;uhs ú{dk lshkafk;a
ta ú{dk j,g wms lshkafka “ug weyqkd oekqkd oelald ys;=kd” wdoS f,i
oeka tfykï wms ilaldh osáÜh lshkafka mxpialkaOh wd;auh jYfhka .ekSuhs lsh,
oek .;a;d ke;akï ug weyqkd ug oekqkd lsõjyu fï oekqkq foa ug oekqkd lsh,
.;a; tlghs fufyu lshkafka

3-35 ilaldh osáGsh ke;slsÍu hkqfjka woyia lrkafka l=ulao?

uq,sos o, woyila tkak we;s “mxpialkaO uu uf.a jYfhka fkd.ekSu”;uhs ilaldh
osáGsh ke;sùug fya;=j lsh,
fu;kos uu i%;% mdGhla wrf.k lshkakï w¾:h jvd ;yjqre fjkak u.ks ks.$Wmß
mKaKdilfha foajoy j¾.fha$ uydmqKaKu i%;%fha fï ms,sn| woyila ;shkjd ta
wkqj
“iajdñkS, flfia kï ilaldh osáGSh fkdfõo?uyk fï f,dalfha wd¾hhka olakd úh;a
wd¾h Y%djlhd rEmh wd;auh jYfhka fkdolshs rEmj;a wd;auhkaf.ka wd;aufhys
rEmh fkdolshs fõokd ix{d ixialdrd ú{dk wd;au jYfhka fkdolshs.ú{dkj;a

95
wd;auh fyda wd;aufhys ú{dkh fyda fkdolshs uyk fï jkdys ilaldh osáGsh
fkdùuhs.”
tfykï
b;du fláfhka fï mxpialkao uu uf.a fkdfõ lshk tl wjfndaOlr .ekSu
ilaldosáGsh ke;s lsÍuhs.
wms i%;% msglh ;=, we;s i%;% wr.;af;d;a tys ;shk ie,lsh hq;= m%udkhla i%;%j,
fukak fï ál ;shkjd Tn lshj,d we;s.
“uyfkks rEm, fõokd, ix{d, ixialdrd, ú{dkd, wks;Hhs. hula wks;H kï th
ÿlhs. hula ÿlaL kï th wkd;auhs. hula wkd;au kï ta uf.a fkfjhs. ta uu
fkdfjñ th udf.a wd;auh fkdfjhs. fuh fufia we;s ieáfhka fyd| kqjkska oek.;
hq;=hs. oelsh hq;=hs.”
tfykï mxpialkaOfha wd;aóh iajrEmhla ke;akï iodld,sl fjkiafkdjk ks;H
mod¾;hla, flfkla keye lsh, oek .kak tl ilaldh osáGsh ke;sùuhs.

ilaldh osáGSh ke;slsÍu ms,sn|j úia;r l:dlrkak biair fj,d fuf;la fï fmd;
mqrdu fï ilald osáGsh ke;slsÍug wod, jk jeo.;a lrekq rdYshla idlÉpd fj,d
fï wjfndaOhg wjYH miqìu ieliqkd
fuh idïm%Odhsl kdu rEm ms,sn| ú.%yhg álla fjkia jf.a fmkqk;a tys lsisu
fjkila keye
wmsg jvd yqre mqreÿ ixl,am wdY%h lrf.k kdu rEm .ek ne,Su ú;rhs fuys
isÿfj,d ;sfhkafka
oeka kej; ta lrekq b;du fláfhka u;lhg k.d .ksuq

mD;.ackhka jYfhka wm;=, m%Odk jYfhka mxpialkaoh ms,sn|j ;shk ms,s.ekSï

wjfndaO;d isf;ys oeäfia ;ekam;a jQ ;yjqre jQ ldrkd y;rla olskak mq¨jka

• uu flfkla ú|Su ;=, bkakjd

• ld,h ú|Sï mrmqr ;=, ksh;hla fia wjfndaOùu ^ld,h ;=, ;uhs wms cSj;a
fjkafk hk wjfndaOh&
• uf.ka msg f,dalfha fN!;sl ¯jH ;shkjd, fN!;sl mod¾; ;shkjd lshk oekSu
• wjldIh ksh; idOlhla fia ;yjqreùu ^fN!;sl ¯jH ;sfhkafk wjldIh ;=,
hhs wjfndaOùu&

fu;k uu yd ld,h fN!;sl;ajh yd wjldYh hk ixl,am y;r .ek l:dlsÍu

isÿjkafka
uu meje;au ld,h lshk ksh;h Wv;sfhkafka ^uu ;sfhkafka os. wer, bjr lrkak
neß ld,h lshk meÿr Wv&
fN!;sl;ajfha meje;au wjldIh lshk ksh;h Wv ;sfhkafka ^fN!;sl;ajh ;sfhkafka
mqïn, bjr lrkak neß f,dl= ne¨ula we;=f,&
fï ixl,am y;f¾ iïnkaO;dj mxpialkaohl wms olskafka fufyu
ú|su ;snqfkd;a ú;rhs ld,h w,a,kafka
fN!;sl;ajh ;snqfkd;a ú;rhs wjldIh w,a,kafka
ld,h lshkafka fN!;sl;ajfha fjkiaùu
wjldIh lshkafka ú|Sïj, fjkiaùu
fï iïnkaO;djh ir, f,i fufyu fmkajkak mq¨jks
jeiafid;a j;=r ;shkjuhs
ta jf.a uu ;snqfkd;a ld,h ksh;hla ^uf.ka ld,h fjkalrkak neye&
j;=r ;snqfkd;a fmdl=Kq we, fod, jYfhka yevhla .kakjd
ta lshkafka ld,h ;shkjd lshkafka fN!;sl;ajh yÿkd.ekSuhs
fmdl=Kq we, fod, ;shkjd lshkafka hï bvla fldfyduyß w,a,d .ekSughs

96
ta lshkafka fN!;sl;ajh ;shkjdkï wjldIh ksh;hla ^fN!;sl;ajfhka wjldIh
fjkalrkka neye&

wks;a miqìfï idlÉpdjqk lrekla ;uhs mxpialkaohla we;sùfïoS ld,h yd

fN!;sl;ajh w;r iïnkaoh
ilald osáGsh ke;slrkak wjYH wjfndaOh i|yd fuh b;du jeo.;a lrekla
n,kak
ld,h lshkafka l=ulao? fN!;sl;ajfha fjki yÿkd.ekSu
fN!;sl;ajfha fjki yÿkd.ekSfuka we;sfjkafk fudllao?ú|Su
ta lshkafka ú|Su ld,hg iudkhs
ke;akï ú|Su fkd;snqfkd;a ld,h keye
ú|Su ,nkafka fldfyduo? is;sú,s úoshg
tfykï ú|Su ;shk ;ek ;sfhkafka is;sú,s
ú|su ke;s;ek is;sú,s keye
tfyukï is;sú,s ke;s ;ek ld,h keye
fyd|hs ú|Su ;shk ;ek bkafka ljqo?ú|skakd
ú|skakd lshkafka ljqo?uu
ú|Su ;shkjd kï t;k uu bkakjd
tfyukï ú|Su ke;skï uu ke;sfjkjd
ú|Su ke;skï uq,ska lsõjd ld,h keye
t;k uu keye
tfyukï uu bkakjdkï ld,h ;shkjd
uu ke;akï ld,h keye
tfyukï fu;k ld,h iudkhs uu jf.a woyila fkao?
wks;a me;af;ka is;sú,s ;snqfkd;a ;uhs ú|Su ;sfhkafka lsh, oelald
tfyukï b;ska uu ;sfhkafka is;sú,s ;shkl,a fkao?
is;sú,s ke;sodg t;k uu ke;sfjkak Tsks
fu;k lshkak yeÿfj fïlhs
n,kak ld,h ke;sfj,djla ;shkjdo? keye
fya;=j yeu ;eku ú|Su ;shkjd uu bkakjd tfyukï ld,h ;shkjd
tfykï wmsg ld,h ksh; úoshg ;uhs f;afrkafka
kuq;a is;sú,s ke;s kskao isysk ke;s ;ek ld,h ke;sfjkjd ta .ek fmdävla ys;kak

fyd|hs ñ.,g n,uq fN!;sl;ajh lshkafka l=ulao lsh,

oekSï j, fjkiaùu fN!;sl;ajhhs
oekSï iuQyh ;uhs wms Yìo .kaO ri j¾k jYfhka fN!;slj i,lkafka
oekSï yÿk.kakkï fudkjdo ;sfhkafka Tsk?ixl,am ñkqï fn|Sï wm;=, ;sfhkak
Tsk ke;skï lsisjla yÿk.kak neye
ixl,am ñkqï fnosï lshkafka fudkjdgo? mrk u;l f.dv
mrk u;l f.dv lshkafk fudkjgo? w;S; mxpialkao j, msx;+r
w;S; mxpialkao j, tl;=j lshkafka ljqo? uu

tfykï ixl,am fnÿï ñkqï lshkafka uu

tfyu fkao?
tfykï fï uu ke;akï fN!;sl ñkqï fnoSï ;shkjdo?keye
wksla me;af;ka uu ;sfhkafka ú|sï ;shk fldg lsh, oelal
uu lshkafka ld,h lsh, oelald
tfykï Thf.d,a,kag oeka jegfykak Tsk ld,h ;snqfkd;a ú;rhs fN!;sl;ajh
;sfhkafka
wks;a me;af;ka fN!;sl;ajh lsõfj oekSï yÿkd.ekSï msxv lsh,

97
oekSï yÿkd.kak mq¨jka fldfyduo? mrk u;l ;snqfkd;a
mrk u;l lshkafka fudkjdgo? w;S; we;sfjÉp ú|Sï
ta lshkafka w;S; ld,h
tfykï ú|skak kï fN!;sl;ajh ms,sn| u;l ;sìh hq;=hs
tfykï fN!;sl;ajh ;snqfkd;a ú;rhs ld,h ;sfhkafka
isf;a we;sjk l,amkhla ú;rhs t;fldg fN!;sl;ajh ^Yìo .kaO ti j¾k iam¾I
ms,sn| oekSu&

ñ,.g fï idlÉpdj,ska miqìu ieliqkq ;j lrekla lshkakï

fï mxpialkaofha wkd;auh lsõjyu uu keye lshk woyiu fkfuhs ;sfhkafka
ú|sula ;=, tl fudfyd;l ú|Sï ,nmq flkd B,. fudfydf;a ú|Sï ,nkak bkafka
keye uq,ska ,nmq w;aú|Su ;=, ysgmq ú|skakd t;kos bjrhs
kuq;a ú|Sï mrmqr;=, os.gu hk fkdfjkiajk ú|skakd uu bkakjd lshk tl ;uhs
wmf.a úiajdYh, wjfndaOh, ms,s.ekSu

mxpialkao ms,sn|j l:dflrek ;j jeo.;a lrekla ;shkjd ilaldh osáGSh

ke;slr.kak
uQ,sl jk
ta ;uhs mxpialkaO we;sfjkafka j¾;udkfha
j¾;udkh lshkafka fï fudfyd;
cSú;h újD;jk ljq¨j j¾;udkhhs
fï ljq¨j,ska .kak mska;+r f.dvg we,anï tlg É;%mghg ;uhs cSú;h lshkafka
ke;=j mxpialkaO j,g fkfuhs
tfykï mxpialkaofha wkd;auh olskjd lshkafka fudllao?
fï j¾;udkfha ú|Su lsh, l:dlrk ;ek fjkia fkdjk mod¾;hla ;shkjdo ne,Su
n,kak u.ks
u ks $úNx. j¾.fha $ Noafolr;a; i%;%
ke;=j fï .sh Njfha ysáh flkduo fï Njhg wdfj wksla Njhg hkafka lsh,
fydhk tl fkfuhs
ta jf.au wjqreÿ mkylg ke;akï úismylg biafi,a,d ysáh flkduhs fu;k oeka
ú|sñka bkafka biairyg hkafk;a thd
fïl ;uhs wfma idudkH ms,s.ekSu
kuq;a ys;, n,kak fï ld, mrdih mqrdu tlu fjkia fkdjk flfkla ysáh lsh,d
.,mkafka u;lfha wdOdrfhka
u;l ke;akï ljqre;a T;k keye
mxpialkaofha wkd;auh n,kjd lshkafka ú|sk fudfyd; ;=, we;s ;;ajh mßÌdlsÍu
úkd w;S; mxpialkao wkd.;fha we;súh yels mxpialkao ;=, fjkiafkdjk ia:sr
mod¾;hla ;shkjdo n,k tl fkfuhs

wms uq, idlÉpdj,ska meyeos,s lrkak yeÿfj mxpialkaOhla ;=,ska we;sjk ú|Su kdu
rEm jYfhka fnÿjd
fï kdu rEm lshkafka ld,h yd fN!;sl;ajh we;sùuhs
miq.sh idlÉpd mqrdu W;aidy .;af;a fï f,dalh fyj;a mxpialkaofha h:d iajNdjh
f;areï .kak
ta miqìï lrekq kej; u;la lsÍula jf.a fohla fï lf,a

tfykï mxpialkaOfha wd;aóh iajrEmhla ke;akï iodld,sl fjkiafkdjk ks;H

mod¾;hla flfkla keye lsh, oek .kak tl ilaldh osáGsh ke;sùuhs.
fuysoS wmsg wjfndaO lr.kak Tsks fudllao?
fï “ug weyqkd” wdoS f,i ke;akï uu iy fiiq f,dalh jYfhka fno, w;aúosk fï
;;ajh jeroS wjfndaOhla, ms,s.ekSula, ienE;;ajfhka bj;aùula

98
fï ú|Su ;=, uu flfkl= keye th É;a; ffp;isl rEm ls%hdj,shla th fya;=m,hs
máÉp iuqmamkakhs, fï ish,a, Y+kHhs isf;a ueùula mukhs
kuq;a fu;k fï w;aú|Sï mrmqr ;=, uu lsh, flfkla keye lshk tl kslïu
mxpialkaoh ;=, uu keye lsh, lsõjg f;afrkjo? keyefk
fu;k ;uhs fï oyfï yrh ;sfhkafka
fu;k ;uhs .eTqr ;sfhkafka
oeka idlÉpdj oS¾. jqk;a n,uq fï .ek fydhkak
fï mxpialkao we;sjkfldg th ug isÿjk fohla úoshghs oefkkafka
wkd;auh oek.kakjd lshkafka fï ú|Sïmrmqr ;=, fjkia fkdjk ia:sr mod¾;hla
keye lsh, oek .ekSu
ú|Su isÿjkafka kdu rEm jYfhka ke;akï wmsg yqrqmqreÿ Wodyrkfha úoshg ‘uu” yd
“yv” jYfhka
ke;akï wms oelal mxpialkaOhla we;sfj,d ú{dkhla yg.;a; lshkafka f,dalh
ms,sn| folg fnos, yg.kakd {dkh lsh,
fï {dkhg ;uhs ú{dk lshkafka
ta lshkafka ;s%udkj ke;akï os. m,, Wi jYfhka yevhka olskjd tkï fN!;slhs
ú|Sï ;s%udkj olskjd w;S; wkd.; j¾;udk úoshg ta ld,hhs
t;fldg É;a; ffp;isl rEm lshk fï iuia; ls%hdj,sh ;=,ska we;sfj,d ;sfhkafka
fudllao
w;aú|Sï mrmqr ;=, bkak uu fkdfjkiajk tlu flkd hkak jegySuhs
uf.ka msg f,dalfha fN!;sl hula ú|sh yels nj wjfndaO ùu
taksid kdu rEm jYfhka úkafoa ld,h yd fï fN!;sl;ajh
kuq;a mxpialkaoh ;=, iodld,sl fkdfjkiajk mod¾:h keye hkak ;uhs ñ,.g
tkak Tsk wjfndaOh
ta jf.au wms ;j me;a;lska oelald
fï kdu rEm ke;akï fï ld,h fN!;sl;ajh mj;skafka tlsfklg idfmaÌlj nj
ta lshkafka tlla ;sìfnd;a wksl;a ;shkjd
tlla ke;skï folu keye lsh,d
fï úoshg mxpialkao .ek ys;=jyu wms meyeos,sju fï fnoSï fol wjfndaO lr.;
hq;=hs

kdu > uu > ld,h > ú|skakd

rEm > fN!;sl;ajh > wjldIh > ú|skq,nk foh

fï fofldgfiu ;=, fkdfjkiajk mod¾;hla keye lshk wjfndaOh ;=,ska ;uhs

mxpialkaohkays wkd;auh wjfndaOlr .; yelafla
ta wkqj fï idOl fol idfmaÌl kï tl fldgila yeoerejyu wksl keye lshk
tl f;afrkak Tsks fyd|hs fï wkqj wmsg mq¨jks

• rEmj, fkdfjkiajk iodld,sl mod¾;hla we;a o lsh, fydh, ne,Su ;=,ska

mxpialkaOhkays wkd;auh fydhkak
• ta jf.au kdu j, iodld,sl fkdfjkiajk mod¾;hla we;ao lsh, fydh,
ne,Su ;=,ska mxpialkaOhkays wkd;auh fydhkak;a mq¨jks

t;fldg fu;k m%fõYhka folla jf.a fmkqk;a fjkafka mxpialkao;=, iodld,sl

fjkia fkdjk mod¾;hla keye lsh, oelSuhs
fu;k jeo.;au foh tl me;a;lska wkd;auh oelafld;a wks;a me;af; wkd;auh
kslïu jegfykjd fya;=j kdu rEm tlsfklg idfmaÌ ksid
wms oeka mxpialkaoh lsõfj f,dalhg
mxpialkao ;=, f,dalh lsh, yÿkd.; yels fjkak fya;=j fudllao? tys ú|sk uu
yd ú|skak fohla we;sfjkjd

99
ta ;uhs uu yd fiiq f,dalh we;sùu
fï ksid mxpialkaoh uu uf.a úoshg .kakjd
fï ;uhs É;a; ffp;isl rEm ;=, iuia; f,dalh f.dv ke.Su
fï jegySu ;uhs f,dalfha ks;H foa ;shkjd
ld,h yd wjldIh jYfhka
fï ksid ug w,a, .kak mq¨jka
ú|Sï mrmqr ;=, uu uf.a jYfhka ú|skak mq¨jks
tkï fï ;=, iem ú|skak mq¨jka
fï ;uhs ú|sk tl fudfyd;lg fkdoekqj;au fok w¾;h
th ks;Hhs wd;auhs iqLhs
kuq;a wm f,djq;=rd nqÿrcdkka jykafia fidh.;a; i;Hh Tsl fkfuhs
mxpialkaOfhys iajNdjh wks;Hhs ÿlalhs wkd;auhs
ta lshkafka wmsg oekg jegfyk ld,h wjldIfha ks;Hh iajNdjh
tys we;s uu uf.a iajNdjh
ta ;=,ska ug iem ,eìh yels nj iïmQ¾kfhka jeros
tfykï wms yokafk mxpialkaofha ;s%,Ìkh n,kak
ke;akï mxpialkaohla ;=,ska we;sjk fï jegySu wjfndaOh ienEwre; h;diajNdjh
oek.kak

oeka wms mxpialkao folg fnÿjd kdu rEm jYfhka

• tfyukï kdu ;=, ;s%,Ìkh n,kak mq¨jks

• ke;akï rEm ;=, ;s%,Ìkh n,kak mq¨jks

fï moku uq,afldgf.k mxpialkaofha ;s%,Ì n,kak mq¨jka wdldrh idlÉpdjqkq

i%;%hla ;uhs u.ks
ks $WmßmKaKdilfha
dilfha $wkqmo j¾.fha $cìífidaOk i%;%h
ñ,.g ;j fydhdf.k .sfhd;a fï mxpialkaOh ;=, ;s%,Ìh ms,sn| oekSu ,eìug
f,dalfha h:d iajNdjh osyd n,k wdlD;s ;=kla ú;r i%;%msglh ne¨jyu yuqfjkjd
ta ;uhs

• f,dalh fya;=m,jdoSj we;sfjkjd hk idOl .e,mSu ;=,ska mxpialkaOfha

;s%,Ìkh h:d iajNdjh f;areï .ekSu
n,kak fï ;;ajh olajk i%;% Tsk ;rï i%;% msglfha ;shkjd
i.ks
ks $nkaOl j¾.fha $ nkaO ixhq;sfha $ucacu mKaKdilfha$LcackSh j¾.fha
mdßf,hHl i%;%h

• ó,.g i%;%msglh fyd|g ne¨fjd;a fmakjd ;j mxpialkaoh osyd n,k

wdlD;shla
ta ;uhs
mxpialkaOh ;=, yuqjk kdu rEm j, fkdfjkiajk mod¾;hla yÿk.kak
neye
ksh; mod¾;hkaf.ka ysia
tys wd;au jYfhka .kak fohla keye Y+kHhs
fï úoshg .;a;;a mxpialkaofha ;s%,Ìkh n,kak mq¨jks
b;du l:dnyg ,lajQ fï i%;%h;a n,kak Lq.ks $pQ, ks¾foaIfha$msx.sh
i%;%dka;fha $ fuda>rdcd i%;% ks¾foaIh

• mxpialkaofha fï iene wdldrh fyj;a ;s%,Ìkh wjfndaOlr.; yels ;j;a

úêl%uhla i%;% msglfhka fydhd .;yels
fuh b;du ják wdldrhla

100
 fï wdlD;sfhkq;a f,dalh osyd n,kak mq¨jka ta wkqj mxpialkaoh fyj;a
f,dalh hkq tlu É;a; ud;%hla mukhs isf;a we;sjqk fohla ú;rhs ueùula
udhdjla jf.a fohla ta ksid tys kdu rEm ;=, fkdfjkiajk iodld,sl
mod¾;hla fkfuhs fudlj;a keye udhdjla ú;rhs
fï wdlD;sfhka f,dalh osyd n,mq wdldrh i%;%msglfha jßkajr i%;%j,
uqk.efykjd n,kak
Lq ks $Wodk md,sfha$ m,jk fndaê j¾.fha $ ndysh i%;%h tys meyeos,sj fukak
fï ál ;shkjd

o ÿgq foh ÿgq foa mukla jkafkah

o weiQ foh weiQ foa mukla jkafkah
o o;a foh ^.kaO ri iam¾I& o;afoh mukla jkafkah
o is;+ foh is;+ foh mukla jkafkah

fuys woyia fudllao wfma iam¾I wdh;k j,ska ,nk f,dalh kslïu É;a;
ud;%hla ú;rhs hkak
nqÿyduqÿrefjda ,Od;= ukisldrfha oS foaYkdlrkafka,y;rux ykaoshla ;sfnkjd.
yrla urkafkla t;ekg yrflla f.kú;a urd,fldgia ál m%o¾Ykh lrkjd.
túg t;ek yrfll= bkaakjdo?keye
yrldf.a fldgia ish,a,u t;ek ;shkjd.
kuq;a tajdg yrld fkdlshkafka wehs?yrld lshk ixl,amh wfmka ;=rka fj,d
ksid.
fydïnla ll=,a y;rla we;s Wf.a iajdrEmh oeka fjkia fj,d.
yrldf.a lE,s ;snqkdg wms we;slr.;a ixl,amhg .e,fmk f,i fu;ek yrld
lshk ixl,amh ieif|kafka keye.
ta ksid wms yrfll= keye lshkjd.

mxpialkaoh ke;akï kdu rEm fyj;a

f,dalfha h:d iajNdjh l=ulao lsh, n,k l%u lsysmhlau i%;% msglh ne¨jyu
yuqfjkjd
ta fudk wdldrfhka ne¨j;a lrkafka mxpialkaOfha wkd;auh oelSuhs
fï É;a; ffp;isl rEm lshk ls%hdj,sh
fya;=m,j we;sfj,d ke;sfj,d hkafka
tfyu ke;skï fï ls%hdj,sh ;=, lsisu fkdfjkiajk mod¾;hlaa fydhd.kak neye
Y+kHhs
ke;skï fï ls%hdj,sh tlu isf;a we;sjk ueùula ú;rhs
wkd;auh wjfndaO lr.; yels wdlD;s kHdhhka ;=kla i%;% msglh mqrd wmsg olskak
mq¨jks

tfykï oeka fu;k b|ka wms W;aidy lruq fï mxpialkaOh fyj;a f,dalfhys we;s
wdkd;au iajNdjh wjfndaO lr.; yels ;¾lk úê ;=kg wkqj ne¨jyu
fï fkdfjkiajk mod¾;hkaf.ka ysia nj jegfyk wdldrh b;du fláfhka
wjfndaOlr.kak

f,dalfha wkd;au iajNdjh wjfndaOlr.kak

f,dalh foi n,kak mq¨jka tl wdlD;shla ;uhs
fï É;a; ffp;isl rEm lshk iuia; ls%hdj,sh isÿjkafka fya;=m,j hk wdlD;sh
;=,ska
f,dalh lshkafka fudllao? mxpialkao
ta lshkafk mxpialkao we;sfjkafka fya;= m%;Hhkaf.ka
wms oelald ú{dkh lsõfjd;a fï ialkao myu we;=,;a

101
tfykï f,dalh foi n,kak Tskkï
ú{dkh foi ne¨jyu th fmakak Tsks
ú{dk we;sfjkafk fldfyduo?YìO Od;=j, fida; Od;=j ^lk&, fida; ú{dk Od;=j
lshk ;=k tl;=j ;uhs fida; ú{dkh fyj;a “ug weyqkd” lshk wefyk f,dalh
yokafka

.sksl+r ;shkjd .sksfmáÜh ;shkjd fol uqk .eiSfuka .skaor yefokjd

mxpialkaoh fyj;a f,dalh we;sùu fï jdf.a lrekq ldrkd ;snqfkd;a mxpialkaO
we;sfjkjd f,dalh iuqoh fjkjd
ke;akï w;aú|sk meje;aula fydhd.kak neye
fï fya;= m%;H we;sfjkjd ke;sfjkjd úkd mj;skjd lsh, fydhd.kak ;ekla keye
tfykï fu;k;a ish,a, fjkiajk iajNdjfha kï
fkdfjkiaj mj;sk mod¾;hla kdu rEm jYfhka ;sfnkak neye
fï mxpialkaO lshk rdcOdksh osyd tl fodrlska ne¨jyu fmak úêh

ñ,.g ;j;a fodrgqjlska f,dj foi n,uq

ta ;uhs mxpialkaofha Y+kH;djh oelSu
hula Y+kH lsõjyu fudl=;a keye lshk tl fkfuhs t;k ;sfhkafka
n,uq Y+kHhs lsõjyu
fudkjf.o fï Y+kH;ajh n,kafk? mxpialkaOfha
fudkjdhskao Y+kH?iodld,sl fjkiafkdjk mod¾;j,ska Y+kHhs
iodld,sl fjkia fkdfjkjd lsh, wmsg fmakafk fudkjdo?fï wjldIh iy ld,h
tfyu;a ke;akï ú|Su ke;akï uu iy fN!;sl;jh hk mod¾;j,ska ;uhs Y+kH
oeka wmsg lrekq Tsk ;rï ;shkjd fkao mxpialkaoh fï foflka Y+kHhs lshkak
fïl ;uhs mxpialkaoh ke;skï f,dalh ke;skï csú;h újD;jk fï j¾;udk
fudfyd; osyd ne,sh hq;=l%uh
i ks$i,dh;k j¾.fha$fõokd ixhq;sfha$Pkak j¾.fha$iq[a[f,dal i%;%h
mxpialkaOfha wkd;au iajNdjh foi n,k ;j fodrgqjla ke;akï kHdhla ;¾lk
úêhla i%;%msglfha fydhd.kak mq¨jka
fï mxpialkaO úYaf,aIkh l, yels ;j;a l%uhla ;uhs f,dalh tlu ú{ma;shla
isf;a ueùula mukla hkak oelSu ;=,ska
tfykï fï ;¾lkhWv mxpialkaoh foi ne¨jyu fï w;aú|Su l,amk ud;%hla
ú;rhs hkak wjfndaO úhhq;=hs
ta lshkafka mxpialkaoh kslï isf;a ueùula ú;rhs hkak
n,kak j¾;udkh lshk csú;h újD;jk ljq¨j ke;akï j¾;udk mxpialkaoh w¾;
olajkafka w;S;fha o;a; u;l weiqfrka
fï w;S; o;a; lshkafka w;S;fha uu ysáhd oekq;a bkafk thduhs biairyg bkafk;a
thduhs lsh,
ld,h yd wjldIh lshk idol ksh; f,i f.k ia:sr mej;aula ;yjqre lr.ekSfï
m%;sm,hhs
fïlg ;uhs fï iajdêk meje;au lshkafka ta ;uhs uki
fï ukfia o;a;j,ska ;uhs ú|sug w¾;h fokafka
fï mrk o;a; j,ska w¾;h oSu ;=, uejqk iajNdjh wjfndaO jQ yÿkd.;a; iajNdjh
;uhs f,dalh ke;skï mxpialkao
tfykï fN!;slj ia:srj fmak fï ¯jH f,dalh yd fkdfjkiaj fmak fï ú|skakd
ke;akï fjkúoshlg ne¨fjd;a ld,h kslïu uki úiska ujmq ;;ajhla ú{ma;shla
ú;rhs
fï uki m%nkaO lr, ;shk fjkia fkdù ú|Sï mrmqr ;=, bkakjd lsh, wjfndaOh
jk uu ke;s ojig f,dalh keye tfykï f,dalh ú{ma;shla ú;rhs

fï mxpialkao ms,sn|j n,kak mq¨jka wdlD;s ;=k .ek b;du flá ye|skaùula

102
uu lsõ i%;% ál fyd|g n,kak fï .ek fyd| .eTqre wjfndaOhla ta ;=,ska we;slr
.kak mq¨jka

tfykï fu;kos fudlo fï fj,d ;sfhkafka ñksid ;=, idudkH jYfhka we;s
ms,s.ekSï úYajdY oekSï wjfndaOhka fjkia lsÍu
fudkjdo fjkia lrkak neßj oekg wm;=, ;shk úYajdi

• wd;auh ke;akï ú|Su ke;akï fjkúoshlg ne¨fjd;a uu lshk mod¾;h ú|Sï

mrmqr ;=, ld,h lshk ksh;h Wv ;shkjd

• ta jf.au fN!;slj f,dalhla ke;akï mod¾; wmsg weySu oekSu oelSu jYfhka
ú|skak ;shkjd tal wjldIh lshk ksh;h Wv wjfndaO fjkjd

fukak fï ksh; idOl ;uhs fya;=m,hs máÉp iuqmamkakhs idfmaÌlhs Y+kHhs

ú{ma;shla mukla lsõfj
ke;skï fï Tlafldu ;sfhkafka uu ;shklï lshk ia:sr jegySu ;=, ;uhs ilaldh
osáGSh lefvkafka

wms oeka kej; l:dlrmq ál idrdxY lf,d;a

mxpialkaohla ;=,ska we;sfjk ú|Su ksid yg .kakjd kdu rEm
wmsg yqre wdlD;shlska fï .ek lsõfjd;a uu, fN!;sl;ajh, ld,h yd wjldIh
fuys ld,h yd wjldIh ksh;hs
“uu” ld,h lshk ksh;h Wv ;shk fohla
“fN!;sl;ajh” wjldIh lshk Wv ksh;h Wv ;shk fohla
kuq;a fuys ksh; mod¾; keye idfmaÌj mj;skafka
ta ksid mxpialkaOh ks;H, wd;au, iqL úoshg ,eì, ;shk fï wjfndaOh ms,s.ekSu
jerosS
nqÿrcdkka jykafia fuh wks;H ÿlal wkd;au jYfhka fmkakqjd
tfyukï wms ,nk fï w;aú|Sï ms,sn| jeros wjfndaOh ksid ;uhs f,dalh fï úoshg
,eì, ;sfhkafka
fuys i;Hh olskak kï mxpialkaoh wks;H ÿlal wkd;au úoshg wjfndaO lr.;
hq;=hs
fyd|hs mxpialkaofha ;sfhkafka kdu rEm
ta fol tlsfklg idfmaÌlhs lsh, wms oelald
fï ksid kdu fyda rEm mokï lrf.k mxpialkaofha ;s%,Ìkh ne¨fjd;a i;Hh fmak
nj oelald
tysoS fï fome;a;lska tl me;a;l fyda fome;af;kau wkd;auh n,k wdlD;s ;=kla
yÿk .;a;d mxpialkao osyd fya;=m,j, Y+kHhs fyda ú{ma;shla ú;rhs hk wdlD;s
;=k ;=,ska
fï ;=,ska ,nmq wjfndaOh fukak fï jf.a fohla
w;S; wkd.; j¾;udk lshk ld,h ;=, fkdfjkiajk tlu uu flfkla yÿk.;a;g
miafia yeu j¾;udk fudfyd;lau w;S; o;a; ;=,ska w¾: olajkjd
fï ;uhs is;sú,s
biafi,a,d ú|sï mrmqf¾ ysáh ug mq¨jks fï fudfyd; w¾; olajkak
fïlg lshkjd ú|Su lsh,
fï w¾: olajkjd lshkafka fN!;sl;ajh fjkalr, yÿk .ekSu
ta ;uhs ld,h
ta jf.au ú|skafk fN!;sl yev fjkiaùu
ta lshkafka wjldIh w,a,.;a; fN!;sl;ajh
tfyukï uu ;shk fldg ld,h fN!;sl;ajh wjldIh lshk ;=k;a we;sfjkjd
n,kak mxpialkao ;=, uu uf.a jYfhka yÿkd .ekSfuka ;uhs f,dalh uefjkafka

103
fu;k w;S;fha ysáh uu ;uhs oeka bkafk;a biairyg bkakf;a lshk fï ms,s.ekSu
weia nekaÿula
fï uu ukfia m%nkaOhla
thd ;uhs udhdldrhd thd lr,d ;sfhkafka fudllao
iEu j¾;udk fudfyd;lgu, mxpialkaohlgu ueog mek, u;lfhka f,dj yÿkd
.ekSu
fï ksid is;sú,s u.ska f,dj folg lefvkjd
tfyukï f,dalh yd uu fjkalrk ;srh is;sú,a,hs
tfyukï fï is;sú,a, ke;akï mxpialkaoh ;=, bkak uu ke;sodg f,dalfha ish,a,
keye

tfykï wjfndaO lr.kak

• f,dalh folv lr w;aú|su ;=,ska uu yd f,dalh úoshg fno, w;aú|Su

f,dalh ^Yla;sh& yÿkd.; yels tla l%uhla ^wd;au f,i f,dj yÿkd.ekSu&
• ta jf.au uu iy f,dj jYfhka folv fkdlr w;aú|skak mq¨jka l%uhl=;a
;shkjd
fu;kos wjfndaO lr.;hq;= jeo.;au foa ;uhs kdu rEm tlsfklg idfmaÌ
ksid uu ke;s ksid t;k uu iy fiiq f,dalh hk folu keye
fu;kos ú|Su lshk jpkh fldf;al ÿrg .e,fmkjo hkak ug lshkak neye
^wkd;au f,i f,dj ne,Su&

fyd|hs kj; n,uq

ld,h fN!;sl;ajh wjldIh hk ;=ku uu ;=,ska uejqk foaj,a
ta lshkafka is;sú,af,ka uejqk foaj,a
tfyukï is;sú,s ke;sodg fï fudl=;a keye
tfykï oeka f;areï .kak uu lshk fï oDYaáh wmsg fï fndre f,dafl yo,oS,
;shk úosh
fukak fï ms,s.ekSu leäughs ilaldh osáGsh leäu lshkafka
ke;akï mxpialkaofha fyj;a kdu rEmj, fï h:d iajNdjh wjfndaOhhs

fyd|hs fukak wmsg tkak mq¨jka wjidk ks.ukh

mxpialkaoh wks;Hhs ÿlalhs wkd;auhs
th fya;=m,j isÿfjkjd lsõj;a
tys mod¾;hkaf.ka Y=kH lsõj;a
ke;akï ú{ma;shla mukhs lsh, lsõj;a
wms ne¨fõ kdu rEm j, h:d iajNdjh
ke;akï ld,h wjldIh jf.au uu yd fï nyqúê yev .ek
oeka wmsg wjfndaO jqfka fudllao

• tys iodld,sl fjkia fkdjk mod¾; j,ska ysia

• ks;Hj tl ;ek ;shk mod¾;hla fydhd.kak neye fjkia fjkjd
• ish¨ mxpialkaO wx. tlsfklg idfmaÌlj mj;skafka

wfma ms,s.ekSu fudllao fïlg iyuq,ska wks;a me;a;

ks;Hhs wd;auhs iqLhs
tfykï ug fmak fï f,dafla ish,a, ms,sn| ks.uk jeros

• ld,h idfmaÌlhs
ld,h fjk;a idOl u; ;sfhkafka ta fya;= uqk .eyqfka ke;akï ld,h keye

104
 tfykï ld,h ñßÕ=jla ks;H fohla fkfuhs

• wjldIh idfmaÌlhs
wjldIh ;sfhkafk;a fN!;sl;ajh ;snqwfkd;a ú;rhs tfykï fuh ksh;
idOlhla fkfuhs

• fN!;sl;ajh idfmaÌlhs
fuh ;sfhkafka fN!;sl;ajh yÿk.kak ixl,am ;snqfkd;a ú;rhs

• uu idfmaÌlhs
fï Tlafldu ;sfhkafka uu lsh, tl;=lr.;a mrk u;l f.dv Wmdodkh
lr.;a foa u;hs

wmsg fï udhd f,dalh yeos, ;sfhkafka t;fldg tlfklg idfmaÌl fya;= u;

uu lshkafk;a idfmaÌl fohla
oeka uu mj;sk úosh okakjd uu ke;s;ek f,dalh ke;sfjkjd lsh, okakjd
t;fldg cSj;a ùu lshkafka uu lshk ukfia fndre m%nkaOh ld,h keu;s ñßÕ=fõ
weú|sñka fN!;sl;ajh keu;s udhdj je,|.ekSug lrk W;aidyhhs

fï uu we;sùu ;uhs f,daN oafõI fuday j, uq, is;sú,s uqf,a ìch

tfykï fudk wdlD;shlska f,dalh foi n,, yß fï mxpialkaOhkaf.a h:d iajNdjh
wjfndaO Wkdu ke;sfjkafka f,daN oafõI fuday
fï ;;ajh ;=, wkd;auh fudkjf.ao lsh, oekf.k idlÉpdj bjr lruq n,kak
fukak fï i%;% mdgh

uyk hï ;ekl mGú Od;=j keoao wdfmda Od;=j ke;ao jfhda Od;=j keoao f;afcda
Od;=j keoao
wdldidk[apdh;kh keoao
ú[a[dK[apdh;kh keoao
wls[ap[a[dh;kh keoao
fkji[a[dkdi[a[dh;kh keoao
fuf,dj mrf,dj keoao
ysreiÿ fofok keoao
tfiajQ wdh;k we;
uyfkks tyso uu lsisfjl=f.a hdula tau;a isáula ke;sùula bmoSula fkdlshñ
fuh lsisjla fkdmsysá fkdmj;sk wruqkq ke;s jQfha fõ fuh ÿl fl,jrhs
nq.ks$W.md$wgjk
W md$wgjk mdg,s.dñh j.a.h$ mGu ksìndk i%;%h n,kak
tfykï iyuq,ska f,daN oafõI fuday ke;slr,
uu ke;slf,d;a ld,h fN!;sl;ajh wjldIh hk fï udhdjka fudl=;a keye
tfykï fïl ;uhs f,dalfha h:d iajNdjh fyj;a wkd;au iajNdjh

fï ilÉpdj bjr lrkak biafi,a,d fï ál;a uu u;la lrkakï

fï mxpialkaofha wkd;au iajNdjh o¾Ikh lr.ekSu tlla ;ud ;=,ska wjfndaO
lr.ekSu ;j tlla
tkï,

• wkd;auh wjfndaO lr.ekSu tlla thg ;uhs fidajdka m,h lshkafka

• wkd;auh ;ud ;=,ska oelSu ;j tlla thg ;uhs w¾y;a m,h lshkafka

105
fï fkdfjkiajk mod¾;hkaf.ka ysianj fyj;a wkd;auh olsk m%dfhda.sl jev ms,sfj,
ke;akï ;ud ;=,ska wkd;auh oelSu ;uhs is; jeäu fyj;a Ndjkdj
ta jvk l%u fõo rEm fyda kdu mokïlrf.k lrkak mq¨jka
fï ;uhs

• rEm uq,afldg iu; mQ¾jdx.u úo¾Ik

• kdu uq,afldg úo¾Ikd mQ¾jdx.u iu;h
• ke;skï fï fol tlg jeäu
• úo¾Ikd ud¾.hg nei.;a ys; wruqfkys msysgqùu

n,kak w.ks
w ks$ p;=lal ksmd;fha $i;rjk mKaKdilfha$mámod j¾.fha$wry;a;mam;a;s
i%;%h
fukak fï úoshg ;uhs Ndjkdfõ moku ilia fj,d ;sfhkafka
fldfydul,;a mxpialkaofha wkd;auh wjfndaolr.ekSu i|yd
f,dalh ;=, ksYaÉ; fjkia fkdjk fN!;sl fyda udkisl mod¾;hla ke;snj oelSu
;=,ska ;uhs i;H wdjrkh lrf.k bkak uki lshk ;srh whska lr, fï h:d
iajNdjh oelsh yelafla

3-36 ilaldh osáGsh ke;slf,d;a we;sfjk m%fhdackh .ek lshkak?

úfYaIfhka fï uu flfkla keye lsh, f;areï .ekSu ksid cSú;hu
wjq,la fjhso?
wms fuf;la l, ish¨u idlÉpdj, jf.a lshkak yeÿfj fï w;aú|Sï mrmqr ;=,
ke;skï mxpialkaOhkays “uu” lsh, meje;aula keye th fya;=m,hs máÉp
iuqmamkakhs idfmaÌlhs lsh,
oeka Tn wyk m%Yakh fudllao fï úoshg mxpialkaO ;=, uu keye lsh, f;areï
.kak W;aidy lf,d;a wms .;lrk fï cSú;hg fudkjf. n,mEula fjkila fjhso
fï kj wdldrhg w;aú|Sï foi ne,Su cSú;h wjq,a fjkak jqk;a fya;=jkak mq¨jka
fkao lsh, lshkafka
fyd|hs uu fu;kos fjk;a m%fõYhla wrf.k fï m%Yakhg W;a;r fokak W;aidy
.kakjd
tkï fï mxpialkaOh “uu” “uf.a” jYfhka f;areï .ekSu ksid wm ;=, we;sfj,d
;shk udkisl ixlS¾k;d ms,sn|j álla fidh,d n,uq
t;fldg fï ;;ajh f;areï .eksu Th f.d,a,kag m%Yakhlao lrorhlao lsh, kslïu
f;areï hhs
uu cSú;hg ,.d lr.kak yokafk fydhd.kak yokafk fudkjdo n,uq
wms fï “uu” meje;afï iq, uq, .ek ne¨j th ukfia m%nkaOhla fndrejla úkd
i;Hh fkdjk nj oelald

fï f,i mxpialkaO ;=, fkdfjkiajk ú|Sï ,nk meje;aula wms ms,s.kakjd hkak;a
wmsg f;afrkjd tal ksh; fohla
kuq;a tosfkod cSú;fhaoS wms uqyqk mdk udkisl ldhsl .eg¨ ixlS¾k;dj, uq,
;sfhkafka fï uu meje;au ms,s.ekSu ;=, lsh, ldgj;a jegfykafka keye
wms fufyu mgka.ksuq
oeka wms ,nk yeu w;aú|Sulgu wms lshkafka ug weyqkd, uu oelald, ug oekqkd ug
ys;=kd úoshg
ta lshkafka fï yeu isÿjk fohlau ug fjkafka
w;aú|Sula lshkafka mxpialkaOhla

106
wms t;fldg mxpialkaO “uu” “uf.a” lsh, .kakjd ta lshkafka fï kdu rEm f.dfä
ú|skafkl= bkakjd thd ljodj;a fjkia fjkafka keye
fï Tlafldu Wyq,kafk thd
f,dalh w;aú|sk meje;aula fï kdu rEm f.dfä fkdfjkiaj hkjd lsh, wms f;areï
wrf.k ;shkjd
fï ksid É;a; ffp;isl rEm lshk iduqysl ixisoaêh,ls%hdoduh ud ;=, yg.kakla
f,i ms,swrf.k
thdg ;uhs fï ish¨u oekSï .| iqj| ri Yìo j¾k iam¾I jYfhka oefkkafka
fï ls%hdj,sh ú|skakd f,dalfhka fjka lr, wjfndaO lrjkjd
fm!oa.,sl wkkH;djhlska hq;= jQ iajdëk meje;aula, tallhla fï w;aú|Sï mrmqr ;=,
bkakjd lsh, ta;a;= hkjd
we;a;gu fï “uu” lshk meje;afï f;areu w;S; wkd.; mxpialkaO ;=, fï lshkafka
u;l ke;skï Wmdodk lr.;a o;a; ;=, tfyg fufyg hkak mq¨jka nj ksid
we;sjqk jegysu
uu w;S;fha ysáh j¾;udkfha bkakjd wkd.;hg hkjd lshk ms,s.ekSu
w;S;fha hï w;aú|Sula ,enqjd talu kej; ,nkúg ta fol ,enqfõ tlu flkd lsh,
wms ms,s.kakjd
w;S; o;a; ;snqk ksid j¾;udkh ;=,ska w¾: olajkjd
fï u;l ksid ú|Sïj, iudknj yÿkd.ekSu ;uhs fï w;aú|Sï mrmqr;=, bkak
fkdfjkiajk tlu uu we;súug fya;=j
th u;lfha, Wmdodkfha m%;sm,hhs
wksla me;af;ka n,kfldg mxpialkaO “uu” lshk wÉpqjgod, .;a;yu yeu
w;aú|Sulau w;S; wkd.; lshk yevh .kakjd
oeka wms fï úêhg fï w;aú|Sï mrmqr;=, “uu” flfkla bkakjd lsh, ms,s.;a;g
miafi tal mqyqkqjla fjkjd
ksrka;r fï mqyqkqj oeka m%Odk jevigykla fjkjd
oeka iEu oekSula ;=,u “uu” bkakjd idudkH fohla
ta jf.au uf.ka msg f,dalhla ;shkjd
oeka fï mxpialkaOhkays m%;sm, nqla;sú|skak flfkla bkakjd

oeka “uu” fï ú|Sï mrmqr;=, bkakjd ke;skï fjku meje;aula ;shkjd lsh, jgyd
.;a;g miafi ta meje;au ;shk ;ekla ;sfhkak Tsks
ta lshkafka fldfya yß ia:dk .; lrkak Tsks
fï meje;au ;uhs orejd, wïud, ;d;a;d, wdÉÑ, iShd fï mjq,a ixia:dj ;=,
ia:dk.;lrkjd,
iudch ;=,,ffjoH,isú,a fmd,sia ks,Odßhd Th wdoS jYfhka foaYmd,kfhaoS
uka;s%,weu;s,w.ue;s,ckdêm;s
fï Tlafldu uu meje;au fudk wdldrhlska yß ia:dk.;lsÍula
“uu” meje;au ia:dk.;lsÍu mßirhg idfmaÌlhs
ñg miqj fï ta ta mßirh we;=f,;a WÉp, iudk, ySk, jYfhka ;ud ia:dk.;
lr.kakjd
fï lshkafka hï meje;aula ;shkjkï th mj;skak bvlvyod.ekSu
ld,h ;=, bvla w,a,f.k fld;k yß ;sìfn ke;akï uu lshk iajdêk meje;aug
;ekla ke;sfjkjd
fïl fudayh lsh, lshkjd
uu flfkla, ú|sk flfkla, f,dalfhka fjkajQ meje;aula ug ;shkjd lshk oeä
fjkial, fkdyels ms,s.ekSu wjfndaOh we;sfjkjd
wms ,nk yeu w;aú|Sula ;=,u fï ia:dk.; lsÍu ;shkjd
ta lshkafka ;=ks ld,fhau fkdfjkia ú|skakd bkakjd

107
fï w;aú|sï j,g w¾; imhkak is;sú,s yokak fï meje;au ia:dk.; lsÍughdu
uq,afjkjd

fojkqj fï meje;au fiiq f,dalfhka fjkajqk fohla

fïlg ;¾ck .¾ck Wm¯j fldhsfjf,a thso lsh, yeuúgu ielhs
ug f,vla fjhso?uf.a mjqf,a Woúhg, leue;a; olajk whg f,vla ÿlla lrorhla
fjhso? ug, uf.a whg ysñ jia;= Ok OdkH iïm;aj,g hïydkshla úm;la fjhso?
;udork u; oDYaá ì|s, meros,d hhso?
fï Tlafldu “uu” meje;aug úh yels Wm¯j
fï ksid yeuúgu fï meje;au hï Wm¯jhlg ,lafjkfldg ;rydhkjd, oafõIh
we;sfjkjd
oeka wmsg fmakjd mxpialkao “uu” “uf.a” lsh, .;a;yu ñ,.g oafõI iy.;
is;=ú,s yg.kak th uq,afjkjd

ñ,.g we;sjk ;;ajh ;uhs fï “uu” lshk iajdëk meje;au wks;a f,dalfhka
fjkafj,d
fï f,iu iajdëk meje;auj,a j,ska ;uhs fï f,dalh iukaú; fj,d ;sfhkafka
oeka fï meje;au ;yjqre lrkak jvd i;=gq lrkak ;Dma;su;a lrkak Tsk
wfma fï iajdëk meje;au hïlsis wdldrhl f,dalfhka fjkalsÍula
kuq;a wmsg fjkafj,d;a neye
wms fj;ska hula wvqfjkjd, ke;sfjkjd, wiïmQ¾k fjkjd
ta fudlo fjkaùu ksid wms wvqmdvqlï iys;hs
wksla whg ;shk tajd wmsg keye
fï meje;au i;=gq lrkakkï tajd wjYHhs
oeka w;Dma;su;a
yeuúgu fudkjdyß wjYHhs f,daNhs
kej;;a mxpialkaO “uu” “uf.a” lsh, .;a;yu fï ;;ajh is;sú,s yokak uq,afjkjd
fï “uu” lshk iajdëk meje;au yÿkd.;aúg th is;sú,s we;slrkak
tkï f,daN, oafõI, fuday jYfhka uq,afjkjd
ta jf.au fï is;sú,s uq,a ;=k tlsfklg n,mdñka b;du ixlS¾K is;sú,s cd,hlg wms
nef|kjd

fï ;uhs mxpialkaO “uu” “uf.a” lsh, .;a;yu isÿjk uQ,sl foa

is;sú,s yokak th Woõ fjkjd
oeka fï meje;au;=, “is;kakd” lsh, flfkla bkakjd
wms cSú;fhaoS uqyqk fok isoaê, wjia:d, mqoa.,hka, jia;=, woyia lshk fï my
isf;au ujkak fï meje;aug yels
fu;k ;uhs is;sú,s fyj;a is;a je,a yg.kafka
wms uq,ska lsõj YìO .kaO ri j¾k iam¾I Oïu ms,sn| u;l
w;S; mxpialkaO isoaê wjia:d mqoa.,hka, ¯jH, woyia jYfhka wm Wmdodkhlrf.k
“uu” lshk fï meje;au yo, ;sfhkafka
oeka fï ;=,ska w;S; “uu” yd wkd.; “uu” is;ska ueúhyels ;;ajhg m;afjkjd
j¾;udkfha uqyqkfok mxpialkaO w;S;fha w;aúkao u;lhka wjoslr, ta ;=,ska
is;sú,s yg.kak mgka .kakjd
fukak fu;k fï úoshg bkakjd lsh, fï “uu” lshk flkdj fmkaúh fkdyelsjqj;a,
ld,h ;=, w;s;fha úkao flkd wkd.;h;=, ú|Sï ,nkjd lshk wjfndaOh ;=,ska
“uu” yefokjd
ld,h ;=, is;sú,s jYfhka .uka lrk wfma bka¯hka mygu w,a,.kak ixfõokhl,
fkdyels ;ekl u;l jYfhka fï “uu” lshk is;kakd t;fldg bkakjd

108
oeka “uu” we;sùu;=,ska isÿjkafka b¯hka mfya tl;=lr.;a u;l ;=, weúoshyels
njhs
fï weú|sh yelsnj ksid yeu úgu j¾;udk mxpialkaOhkag w¾;hoSu w;S; u;l
mokï lr.kakjd
fï mxpialkaO ;=,ska “uu” meje;au ;j;j;a ;yjqre fjkjd
fï meje;au ksid w;aú|Sï flf¾ f,daN, oafõI,fuday yg.kakjd
fï lshkafka is;sú,s Wmoskjd is;kakd ìysùu
wms me;a;lgfj,d weiafol mshdf.k is;sú,s kef.kyeá .ek álla n,df.k b|suq
fïl yßhg osh we,a,la lvdjegkjd jf.a bjrhla ke;sj is;sú,s lvdf.k jefgkjd
fï fldfya;sì,o tkafka? fïjd wmsg Tskso?fï is;sú,s lvdye,Su wmsg Tskúoshg
kj;ajkak yelso?
fï “is;kakd” fyj;a “uu” yeÿkyu we;sjqk m%Odk isÿùu
wms ys;kjd lshkafka j¾;udk mxpialkaO w;S; wkd.; mxpialkaO ;=,ska
w¾:oelaùfuka ysf;a we;sfjk ls%hd;aul Ndjh
fudkjdo fï u.ska lrkafka,?wms oeka isf;ka úfõpkh lrkjd, u; m%ldYlrkjd
ks¾jpk, w¾:oelaùu lrkjd,wkqudk,l,ams;,ks.uk,;Srk, ixixok,fpdaokd,fhdackd,reÉ
wreÉ fï wdoS fkdfhla foa is;sú,s jYfhka .,df.k tkjd
fï is;sú,s w;S;h iaurkh jYfhka fyda wkd.; fmryqre jYfhka oshwe,a, jf.a
lvd yef,kjd
fïl Yìo ;eáhla (sound track) ke;akï udkisl É;%mghla (Mental Movei)jf.a
weos weoS ksrka;r yvla ksl=;alrkjd
we;=f, ksrka;r fonila lkafl|sßhla
n,kak wfma cSú;h osyd fïjd fndreo lsh,
is;sú,s ksjk fnd;a;u wmsg fydhd.kak neye ta lshkafk is;sú,s kj;ajkkak wms
oeka okafk keye
wfma md,kfhka f;drj (unconciouslly) is;sú,s yg.kakjd
oeka ys;kak fï “uu” lshk meje;au ms,s.ekSu f,daN, oafõI, fuday we;slrkjd
fï ;=,ska fkdfhla is;sú,s yokjd
j¾;udk mxpialkaO yeuúgu w;S;h keu;s fnd;a;ï Tnkjd
wmsj iyuq,skau w;S;h úiska md,kh lrkjd
w;S;h úiska ;;ajlrkh (Conditioned) lrk ,o uki
ffki¾.sl .=kjYfhka msysgk ta w;S; u;l wmsj iyuq,ska md,kh lrkjd
“uu” fudlo lr, ;sfhkafka lkiai,a,,lror,ysßyer, ÿl, lk.dgqj, wiykh wmsg
f.k,a,
t;fldg fï is;sú,s we;s lrkak iu;a fï ukia ixhq;sh ;uhs wfma mru y;=rd
wms ,.u b|, wmsj úkdYlrkakd
f,dalh uf.ka fjkalrk ;srh is;sú,a,hs
”uu” fldfyduo is;kakd yo, wmsg ish,a, f.k tkafka lsh, f;areï .kak
wksÉpdkq.; (Unintentional) ksrka;r ksyv wNHka;rfha mj;sk fï fonig ;uhs
wms fï ys;kakd lshkafka
fu;k ;sfhkafka ug jqk foaj,a
ug úhyels ke;akï wkd.; fmryqre
;jÿrg;a fïl n,kak
wms ys;kjd lsh,d ksrka;rj lrkafka,fï mxpialkaO fyj;a w;aú|Sï “uu” “ug” fjk
foa f,i yÿkdf.k, ke;skï ta ;=, bkak “uu” flkd yÿkf.k thg w¾;h oSuhs
fu;kos wmsg wjfndaOfjkjd w;S;fha fï úkao flkduhs fï ú|Su ,nkafka
wkd.;hg hkafka lsh,d
kuq;a oeka wms okakjd fuh u;l ksid mrk w;aú|sï ms,sn| hï o;a; álla u;lh
;=,ska wjêl,yels njhs fï Tlafldgu uq,
fï o;a; w,a,f.k bkak tl ;uhs Wmdodkh

109
oeka b;ska fmdävla ys;, n,kak,fï is;sú,s rgdjka fï mrk .%eufmdaka ;eáj,
Yìoh wmsg fld;rï m%fhdackj;ao? is;Su fld;rï jeo.;ao? fï cSú;fh fìß fíß
hkak is;Su wjYHuo?fï is;Su weìneysùula,we,S .e,S isáula jd,aùula (addiction)
fkao?
fï is;sú,s fkao wfma wNHka;r ksi, nj ii, lrkafka?
wmsg wjfndaOfj,d ;shkjd fï úYaf,aIk,fjkalr, yÿkd.;yels nj wfma fï is;Sug
yelslu ksid wmsg ,enQ uyd odhdohla lsh,
fï ;;ajh ke;sjqfkd;a wms Tlafldu bjrhs lsh,d
kuq;a kej; uu u;la lrkjd wms fudfyd;la mdid is; we;=f,a ;sfhk foni .ek
fmdävla ys;kak
isf;kalrk úfõpk, u;, ;¾lk ks¾jpk, ks.uk,;Srk,ixikaok
fï ;uhs wms ys;kjd lsh, lrk jev
fïjdhska ishhg wkQjlg;a jvd Tng lsisujevla keye
tlaflda Tn w;S;fha yems yemS bkakjd
ke;akï wkd.;h ms,sn| fmryqre lrkjd
Tn ;=, ;sìh hq;= ksi, nj fï is;kakd fydrlï lr, thdg Tsks fu;k l,;a;,
crdjdi lr, tlu wjq,a ;;ajhlg .kak
oeka ish,a, ii,hs

wms ñ,.g fï is;kakd - is;sú,s (thoughts) ksid we;sjk ;;ajh n,uq

fï ;uhs ye.Sï (emotions) we;sùu
oeka tlmdrgu m%Yakhla we;sfjkjd ye.Sï yd is;sú,s w;r fjki l=ulao lsh,
uu fï ye.Sï lshk tl ir,ju lshkakï
“lh ukig olajk m%;spdrh ye.Suhs” ke;skï lh yd uki tl;=jk ;ek we;af;a
ye.Sï lshkak;a mq¨jks,
lfhka fmkajk ukfia m%;sìïnh ye.Suhs
Wodyrkhla ;jÿrg;a wrf.k ne¨fjd;a úreoaO wdl%ukldÍ is;sú,s ksid wef.a
we;=f,a hï Yla;shla tl;=fjkjd fïlg lshkjd ;ry fldamh
fï is;sú,s ksid we;sjqk Yla;sh fldamh lshk ye.sï weúiaiqjd
fï ksid rkavqjg mreIjpk lSu,.y urd.kak olajd fï lh ;,a¨l, yels Yla;shla
ta ;=, ;shkjd
fï ksid ;uhs lh ukig olajk m%;spdrh lsh, fuysos lsõfj
;j Wodyrk Tsk ;rï .;yels
nkla wy, bjrjqkdu isf;a miqj ;shk ixiqka .;sh
É;%mghla ne¨jyu we;sfjk ,sx.sl W;af;ackh,
ls%lá f,dal Y+r;d ;shkfldg yeu mÿrla .dfku ls%lá .eysu fï fudkjo? is;sú,s
ksid lfha we;sfjk ;,a¨j,udkisl Yla;sh ldhsl ls%hdjla njg fmr,Su
fïlg lshkjd is;sú,s ksid (Emotional charges) ye.Sï lhmqrd me;srhkjd
wdfrdamkh fjkjd msrfjkjd lsh, lshkak mq¨jka
fï ye.Sï lshk is;sú,sj,ska Wmka Yla;s fÌa;%h ;uhs (Energy Field) ye.Sï
jYfhka we.mqrd ÿjkafka
fï jf.au wmsg ye.Sï ksid lfha we;sjk ;j m%Odk fjkila olskak mq¨jka
is;sú,s ;=,ska we;sjk fï ye.Sï ksid lfha cSj ridhkh (Boi-Chemistry) ;=,
fjkiaùï yg.kakjd
.%ka:Skaf.a (Glands) yeisÍu fkdfhla wdldrfha ridhksl ixlS¾K;djka we;slrkjd
uu ys;kafk ufkda ffjoHjre b;d fyd|Ska okajd we;s ye.Sï ksid cSj ridhkfha
we;sjk fjkialï Wodyrkhla jYfhka is;sú,s ksid yg.kakd Nh ;=,ska we.;=,
yg.kakd ridhksl fjkialï ms,sn|
wo fjkfldg fï fÌa;%fha úYd, m¾fhaIk rdYshla isÿfj,d ;shkjd

110
fu;k jeo.;au foa l=ulao?fï is;sú,s ye.Sï lshk wfN!;sl iajNdjfha ¯jHd;aul
yd fN!;sl iajrEmh fï ;=,ska hï;dla ÿrg t,sùuhs
fï ;=,ska is;sú,s fN!;sl;ajhg fmrf,k ke;akï úúO ridhksl ixlS¾k;d j,g
fya;=jk yeá wo fidhdf.k ;shkjd
oeka fu;k tfykï fï we.mqrd ÿjk wdfrdamkh jk fï Yla;sh ;uhs lh jok
ls%hdlrkjd jf.au is; ls%hd;aul lrkafk;a
oeka ye.Sï lh jok ls%hd;aul lrkak odhl Wk úosh f;arek;a is; ls%hdlrjkak
Woõjk úosh f;areï .kak tl jákjd
is;sú,s ksid ye.Sï yokjd
fï ye.Sï kej; is;sú,s fmdaIkh lrkjd
tfykï ye.Sï is;sú,s yokak;a is;sú,s ye.Sï yokak;a wkafkdakH jYfhka Woõfjñka
mj;skafka
tfykï fyd|g f;areï .kak fï is;sú,s ye.Sï ksid tlaflda ldhsl m%Yak f,v frda.
yg.kakjd ke;akï udkisl ixlS¾k;d yg.kakjd
fïjd ;uhs wms tosfkod cSú;fhaoS fkdfhla ;ek olskafka
fï ye.Sï ksid wdfrdamkh jk fï is; lh jok ls%hd;aul l, yels fï Yla;sh
fld;ko? fldhsfj,dfjo? ;sfhkafka yg.kafka lsh, oek.kak neßtl ;uhs fuys
we;s wNd.H iïmkak ;;ajh
wmsg ,eì, ;shk fï is;kak yels nj Nd.Hhla fkfuhs wNd.Hla fjkafka fu;k
wmsg yÿk.kak neye fï wfma we. we;=f,a ;shk fï wdfrdams; Yla;sh
Wodyrkhlaa uu lshkakï wmsg ld¾hd,fha mqoa.,fhl=f.a yeisÍu ksid ta ms,sn|
mÍÌk,ksÍÌk,w¾;l:k,ks.uk jYfhka is;sú,sj, meg,S yjiajrejla .;l,du
we.mqrd fï fldamh lshk ye.Sfuka we;sjQ Yla;sh wdfrdamkh fjkjd lsh, ys;uq
?fj,d f.or .shdu Nd¾hdjf.a tl jpkhlska,mq;d l, iq¨ ls%hdjlska ldhslj fyda
jdÉlj fï wefÕa ÿjmq Yla;sh msgfjkjd,flaka;s hkjd
kuq;a wmsg fydhd.kak neye ta ;rï ;ry hkak fya;=j
wms ;=,g wdfrdamkh fj,d yex.suq;a;ka lrk, wmsg fydfrka wms ;=, cSj;afjk wmsj
ys;d.kak neß wNd.Hiïmkak foaj,g ;,a¨lrk fï fydreka ljqo lsh, f;areï
.kak wfma úkdYldrfhda wmsu yok yeá f;areï.kak
fu;k fyd|g u;l ;shd.kak fï wmg fkdoefkk yÿkd.kak neß ye.Sï ke;akï
Yla;s fÌa;%h is;sú,s jYfhka n,kak neßjqk;a fï ye.Sï j,g lh olajk m%;spdrh
n,dysáfhd;a we;=f, wmsg fkdoeks wdfrdams; hï Yla;s fÌa;%hla jevlrk njkï
f;areï .kak mq¨jks
oeka Thf.d,a,ka f;areï .kak fï wdfrdams; Yla;sh tlafld msgfjkjd ke;skï ;j;a
ta jf.a Yla;shla wdrdamkh Wkdu wrl hg hkjd, fkdfmkS hkjd
kuq;a fï jf.a hghk tajd tl;=fjù ;shkjd
ta lshkafka ñg wjqreÿ .kkdjlg biair jqkq isoaêhla ksid hfula yd fldamhla
we;sjqkdukï tal m%{dfjka f;areï lrf.k oshlr, wer, fkd;snqkdkï ta fldamh
kej;;a Tyqf.a hka;ï Pdhdfjka mjd u;=fjkjd
fï jf.a tl;=lr.;a; wdfrdams; Yla;s fÌa;% rdYshla .kka lrkak neß;rï f.dvla
wms.dj ;shdf.k bkakjd
fïjdg wmsg lshkak mq¨jka wfma we. we;=f,a ;shk fõokd;aul lhla lsh, (pain
body) fï .ek fjkuu l;dfldf,d;a fyd|hs lsh, ysf;kj
fïjd wmsg ÿla f.kfokak n,df.k wms;=, cSj;a jk wj;dr jf.a
fï Yla;s fÌa;% ls|dneiai wdfrdams; Yla;s fÌa;% (sunken energy fields)
fudkjdlrkjdo? fudkjd fjkjdo? lsh, wmsg yßhgu lshkak neye
fï hg .sh Yla;s fÌa;% wkka; jQ Njhka ;=,oS tl;=lr .;a Yla;Ska úhyelshs
kuq;a wo wms isák ;;ajlrkh lrk ,o ixl,amkd moaO;sh ;=,ska fmrNj j,
hg.sh tu Yla;s fÌa;%hka fldfyduj;au wÿr.kak neye
kuq;a wmsg wjfndaO lr.; fkdyels wdldrfhka tajd ls%hd;aul jk wdldrh kï jßka
jr w;aú|sh yelshs

111
fldfydujqk;a fï yeu ;eku fN!;sl yd udkisl fldgila ;shk nj uq,os oelal
fï lshkafka ldhsl yd udkisl fldgila ;shk njhs
tkï fï lshkafka ldhsl yd udkisl f,vfrda. yokak fï fÌa;% fya;=jk njkï
lshkak mq¨jka
;j wmsg tljr fydhd.kak neß ys;kak neß fkdfhla fÌa;% lrd fïjd n,mdkjd
fï w;fr kej; u;lalr .kak fï w;aú|Sï mrmqr ;=, mxpialkaO;=, ú|skafkl=
fkdfjkiajk meje;aula ;shkjd ta meje;aug wvqmdvqjla, ydkshla,;¾ckhla,Wm¯jhla
ke;akï tu meje;au ia:dk.; lsÍu ms,sn| .egqula hï wiïmQ¾k ;djla we;sfõú
lsh, ys;k ksid ;uhs fï is;sú,s yg f.k ye.Sï we;sfjkafka
t;fldg oeka wms;=, we;sjk ye.Sï fudk wdldro, ta ksid wms fudkjf.a
ixlS¾K;dj,g uQk fokjdo, lsh, n,uq
wmsg fkdfhla wdldrfha is;sú,s ksid fkdfhla ye.Sï ke;akï lhg Yla;Ska wdfrdamkh
fjkjd lh tajdhska msfrkjd
Nh,fYdalh,lduql;ajh,fl%daOh,B¾Ihdj,ffjrh,wdorh,i;=g,lrekdj,mrdcs; nj,udkh
fïjd ye.Sï, wfma we. hï Yla;shlska mqrjk iajNdjhla
wfma is; lh jok ;,a¨lrk .;shla fï ye.Sïj, ;shkjd
fyd|g n,kak fï ;=,ska lfha we;sjk fjkiaùu
fï Yla;s fÌa;% yÿkd.ekSu is; jevlrk yeá f;areï .kak m%fhdackj;a fjkjd
ñ,.g fï ye.Sï we;sjqkdu wmsg lfh;a Th ;;ajh fmakjd
ta fldfyduo n,uq
iuyr ldhsl fõokd, ldhslfrda. fï jdfha m%;sm,hla,
fkdßiaiqï.;sh, ms,sl=,, wiykh, wd;;sh,;eùu,;udjrolrejl= f,i is;Su,WodiSk
nj,wêl Wkkaÿj,ish,af,ys wvqmdvq fodia oelSu,;udf.a msßisÿ nj ksjeros nj kej;
kej; lSu,w;sfYdala;sfhka l:dlsÍu fïjd olsk fldg wmsg n,d.kak mq¨jks
wNHka;rfha ye.Sïj,ska mqoa.,hd fufyh jkjd lsh,
fï ish,a, hï wdldrhl ÿlla
fïjd wka;sug ÿl f.kfokafka
kuq;a wdorh i;=g jf.a foaj,a ;=,ska we;sjk is; .; mskd hdu, ieye,a¨j, mS%;sh
wdosh;a fï úoshgu lfha we;sjk ;,a¨jla
fïjd;a yÿkd.; hq;=hs, kuq;a tajd ;djld,slhs
Wodyrk hï iïnkaohla we;sùu;a, wdor ye.Sula we;sfj,d ;u .;is; mskd .sh;a ta
iïnkaoh ìÿfkd;a ta ;=,u ;shkjd wms uq,ska l:dlrmq ÿl f.kosh yels is;sú,s
ye.Sï we;sl, yels Yla;sh

fï ksid ta i;=g ;djld,slhs tajd;a wms ÿL f.dvgu ;uhs oeñh hq;af;a

fyd|hs oeka wfma idlÉPdj fhduqjkafka fï ilaldh osáGsh ke;akï “uu” ;shk fldg
wmsg we;sjk lrorh ysßyerh yÿk.kak
wms fuysoS oelald “uu” is;sú,s uq,a yok yeá
ta ksid is;kakd yeÿk yeá
fï is;sú,s ksid ye.Sï ke;akï hï Yla;shla jf.a fohlska is; .; msß, wmsj ;,a¨
fjk yeá,ta ksid wfma fï w;aú|Su ÿlla fjk yeá
oeka n,uq ;j;a jeo.;a me;a;la
“uu” we;sùu “is;kakd” ìysl,d lsh,d wms oelald
ñ,.g “uu” ;jflfkla yokjd ta ú|skakd
weySu, oekSu, oelSu lrkafka ú|skakd
is;Su lrkafka is;kakd
wms uq,osu l:dl,d u;l we;s “uu” lshk tl w;S;h ;=, we;sjQ mxpialkaO ms,sn|
u;l f.dvla lsh,d
tlme;a;lska n,kfldg w;S; mxpialkaO ms,sn| u;l ;=,ska j¾;udk mxpialkaO
yÿkd.ekSu ;=,ska ;uhs ú|skakd yeÿfka

112
Bfha wo fyg jYfhka ld,h ;=, ;rkh lrk tl ú|skafkl= fmakjd
fï ú|skakd we;a;gu lf,a j¾;udk mxpialkaO w;S; u;l wdY%fhka w¾; oelaùu
ta wkqj tu ú|Su tlaflda th ukdmhs, wukdmhs, ukdm wukdmhs lsh, f;areï lsÍu
w;S;fha ysgmq “uu” lshk meje;au iïmQ¾K lrkjdkï ;Dma;su;a lrkjdkï ukdmhs,
thg ;¾ckhla .¾ckhla Wm¯jhla kï wukdmhs
iuyr tajdfha fï folu l,jfï ;shkjd
wms uq,os;a l:dl,d “uu” yeos, ;sfhkafka u;lj,ska
u;l lshkafka Yìo,.kaO,ri, j¾k,iam¾I ms,sn| u;l lsh,
fï Yìo,.kaO,ri, j¾k,iam¾I lsfhkafka f,dalh
tfykï f,dalh lshkafka “uu”
“uu”ksid ú|skakd we;sjqkd tfykï ;j me;a;lska ú|skakd ksid f,dalh we;sjqkd
lshkak mq¨jks
f,dalfhka fjkajqk nj ;uhs fï ú|skakd f.a we;sùu
t;fldg u;lh ;=,ska “uu” yo, f,dalfhka fjkalr, ú|skakd yeÿkd
oeka f,dalfhka fjkajqkdu hula wfmka wvqfjkjd fkao? ta lshkafka “uu” wiïmQ¾Khs
;j ;j fïlg oeïfud;a ke;akï ;j ;j úkafod;a iïmQ¾k fjkjd lsh,d wmg
jegfykjd
wmsg fudkjd ;snqk;a uos
f,daflg jvd “ug” wvqhs
“uu”f,dalhu w,a,f.k iïmQ¾k fjkak yokjd ;kaydj WmoSu fuhhs
ug jvd wks;a whg ú|skak wjia:d jeä ke;akï wvqhs iuyr úg iudkhs
fïl ug m%Yakhla
fï ú|Su wvqfjkjdg ke;sfjkjdg wksla whg whs;sfjkjdg nhhs oafõIh yg.kakjd
t;fldg “uu” bkakjd lshkafka t;k is;kakd bkakjd ú|skakd bkakjd
fï ksid udkisl ldhsl ixlS¾k;d yg.kakjd

oeka fï “uu” lshk oDYaáh ksid wm;=, mj;sk ;j iajNdjhla ke;skï ;j;a
fldakhlska fï osyd n,uq
fïl wms f;areï .kak myiqfjkak oduq kula “ld,h ;=, weú|skakd” ìysùu
fuys woyi fïlhs
weúoskak kï hï n,m%foaYhla ;sfhkak Tsks
fï ld,h ;=, weúosh yels n, m%foaYhg wms lshkjd ukia lsh, ^fu;kos fjk;a
wh ukia lshk tlg fok ks¾jpkhg jvd fjk;a woyila fuys ;sfhkak mq¨jks
kuq;a uf.a is;shfï ukia lshk ixfla;hg uu fok tl w¾;hla ;uhs fï
lshfjkafka) tfykï fï n, m%foaYfha fudkjd yß ;sfhkak Tsk weúoskakd n,kak
fï fudkjdo?w;S;fha w;aú|Sï;=,ska tl;=lr.;a; o;a;
wfma lh,mjq,,iudch úiska ;;ajlrkh l, (Conditioned) fm!¾Ih (Personality)
ke;akï wms fïlg ;uhs ldhsl yelshdj,jD;sh,iudcuh ;;ajh,wd¾:Slh wdosfh
Tlaflduf.u tl;=jg lshk ku
;;ajlrk ,o w;S; o;a;j,g ^fï o;a; we;=f, fmrNjj,ska tl;=lr.;a; wkka;jQ
o;a; iuQyhla ;shkjd kuq;a fï o;a; ;=, weúoSfï m%Yakhla ;shkjd& ;uhs ukia
lshkafka
Tsl ;uhs wmsg ld,h ;=, weúosh yels n, m%foaYh
ukia lshkafka Tnj mru¾; i;Hfha isg ld,h yd fN!;sl;ajh ke;skï uu yd fiiq
f,dalh jYfhka w;aú|sk ;;ajhg m;alrkakdghs
fï ukia j,ska l, tla jevla ;uhs
w;S;fha ,o w;aú|Sï ,enqfõ tlu mqoa.,fhla
ke;akï wkkHjQ meje;aula fï ú|Sï mrmqr;=, bkakjd lsh, “uu” w;S; w;aú|Sï ;=,
yÿkd .ekSu
t;fldg j¾;udk lshk cSú;h újD;jk ljq¨j w;S;h yd ne|s, w¾;h fokjd

113
biair ysgmq “ug” ;uhs fï fudfyd; ,efnkafka bosß fudfyd;;a tfyuhs
tfyukï fï w;S;h wkd.;h jYfhka ld,h wjYH ukighs
tfykï ld,h ;sfhkafk ukia ;shkfldg
uki cSj;a lrkafka ld,h
tfykï fï f,dafl cSj;a fjkak ld,hhs ukihs Tsks
wms w;aú|sk j¾;udk fudfyd; w;S;hg wkd.;hg ne|s, ke;akï t;k
;yjqrelrkak fohla mj;skak fohla keye
ta fudfydf;a we;sjqkd t;ku ke;sjqkd fkdfjkiaj ú|sï ,nmq flfkla keye
t;k “uu” keye
kuq;a oeka n,uq “uu” bkakfldg j¾;udk fudfyd;g fudlo fjkafka lsh,
fï ;uhs “ld,h;=, weúoskakd” lshk flkd ìysùu
w;S;h wkd.;h lshk ld,h ;=, weúo weúo j¾;udk fudfyd;g lrk jefä oeka
n,uq j¾;udk fudfyd; fï “uu” meje;aug ;¾ckhla,Wm¯jhla,lrorhla,wvqjla,
wiïmQ¾k;ajhla, wysñùula, fjkaùula, tlaùula
fï ksid fï fudfyd; ms,s.kak leu;s keye
wms fkdoek (Unconciously) fï fudfyd; m%;slafIamlrkjd,úfrdaOh olajkjd,ms,s.kak
leu;s keye kuq;a ta nj f;afrkafk;a keye fudlo fï ld,h ;=, ;shk fï “uu”
lshk meje;aug n,mEula isÿjkjd lsh,d ys;k tl
fu;k fudlo fj,d ;sfhkafka w;S;h wkd.;h úiska wfma md,kh n,h wrka
ld,h lshkafka ñß.=jla
ñß.=jlg wms k;=fj,d fï ksid j¾;udk fudfyd; ;¾ckhlg wk;=rlg ishqï
úoshg Ndckh fj,d wmsg .e,ùu fmakafka wkd.;fha
fï ;uhs n,dfmdfrd;a;=
n,kak b;du ishqï úoshg fïjd osyd
j¾;udkh ÿla f.dvla fjkafka fï ksihs
wms .;lrmq ld,fhka jeäu m%udkhla fufyu fkfuhso lsh, n,kak
wfma cSúf;a jeäyßhla .;lrkafka hï wvqjlska wiïmQ¾k;ajhlska
ta ksid ug Tsks,ke;akï uu ;¾ckhlg,uu Wm¯jhlg Ndckh fjhso ieflka Nfhka
bkafk
tfyu;a ke;akï ;ud wj;ekajqkd (Misplace)jf.a ye.Sulska ,eìh hq;= ia:dkh
fkd,enqkd lsh, ye.Sfuka fldhsfudfydf;;a bkafka .e,ùu fmakafka wkd.;fha
fïl ;uhs ÿl
fï “uu” tfykï cSú;h olsk ljq¨j ke;akï j¾;udk fudfyd;g
Nh,lk.dgqj,oafõIh wj;eka jqkd (Misplace) lsh, ye.Sula f.akjd
wms j¾;udk fudfyd; w;S; o;a;j,ska f,an,a lr,d ;Srk fokjd
fï ;uhs ukfia ls%hdldÍ;ajh
fkdl,e,a j¾;udk ld,h uki lshk ;srfhka jy,d ñksia uki ld,h keu;s nfrka
msß,d
w;S;h lshk ÿla lkaordj f.dv.yf.k cSú;h lshk tl mrk nvq u¨j,ska mqrj,d
isßmdo lkao jf.a nrla lf¾ ;shdf.k
fï ;uhs j¾;udk fudfyd; ;=, ú|sk w;aú|Sï uu uf.a lsh, .;a;yu
ke;akï ukia j,ska w¾; olajk fldg wmsj ld,fhka msfrkjd w;S;hla wkd.;hla
wmsg yefokjd

wms fï l:dlrñka bkafka w;aú|Sï mrmqr ;=, wkkHjQ meje;aula “uu” bkakjd lsh,d
ms,s.;a;g miafi wmsg uqyqk fokak isÿjk ldhsl yd udkisl .eg¿ ms,sn|
wms fu;k we;a;gu lrkafk wfma tosfkod cSú;fhaoS uqyqk fok fkdfhla
ixlS¾k;dj,g fï “uu” lshk meje;au fldf;la ÿrg fya;= fj,do lsh, n,k tl
tfykï ;j;a jeo.;a iajNdjhla lshkjkï iEu ye.Sulau ksidu yg.;a fõokd;aul
w;aoelSulau lsishï jQ fï fõokdfõ b;sßhla wms ,. ;sh, hkjd

114
th wksjd¾Hfhkau w;S;fha wms ta jf.a tl;=lr.;a fõokd f.dvg tl;= fjkjd
oeka fudlo fj,d ;sfhkafka ukfia fï fõokdj ksoka.; fjkjd
iir mqrd fï olajd tl;=lr.;a Tlafldu ÿla lror “uu” lshk flkdg jqk foaj,a
lsishï wdldrhlg wms f.dv .yf.k ;shdf.k bkakjd
fï tl;=jqk iDkd;aul Yla;s fÌa;%hka (Negative Energy Field)
fïl oeka woDYHudk meje;aula fjku lhla jf.a wmsg lshkak mq¨jks
fïl fõokd;aul lhla (Pain Body) lsh, kula oduq
fuh wfma lfha ukfia wmg fydfrka cSj;ajqk flfkla jf.a
oeka fï woDYHudkj wm;=, cSj;ajk fï iajNdjh jrl fndfydu wl%Shhs jrfl
ilS%hhs iuyr ñksiaiq .;a;yu uq¨cSú;hu fï meje;au úiska md,k n,h wrf.k
tlu ÿla f.dvla Tjqkaf.a csú;h
kuq;a iuyfrla f.a fï fõokd;aul lh jßka jr jev lrkak mgka .kafk
ta jf.au ;j iajrEmhla ;shkjd
ta fõokd;aul lh mSvdldÍ yßhg fudfyd;lgj;a kj;ajkake;s tlu lkafl|sßhlska
hq;a ,uhs oel, ;shkjd fkao - wkak tajf.a ksrka;r lkAfl|sßhla ;shkjd
;j iqjrEmhla ;uhs fï fõokd;aul iajrEmh hflla jf.a ls%hdlrkjd
fõokdfjka wdfõifj,d .sks mkaoula w;g wrkajf.a
wks;a whg;a lrorhla ;udg;a lrorhla wNHka;rfha tlu ÿla f.dvla
jfá msfá bkak whg;a .ykak hkjd
;j flkla ;udf.a cSú;h ydkslr .kakjd
fï;a wr merks fõokd f.dvj,a j, tl;=j fydfrla jf.a b|f.k wfma cSú; tfyï
msáka k;=lrf.k
n,kak fmdävla wfma wNHka;rhg yeß, fkdßiaiqu, fkdikaiqkalu, lkiai,a,,
flaka;sh úhrej, wiykh, fYdaldkql+,nj, wkqkaj fm,Su, ;udj fm,Su jf.a
iajNdjhla ;shkjdo lsh,d
fï ;uhs fï “uu” lshk meje;au ;shk ksid uu tl;=lr.;a fõokd;aul iqkanqka
fydfrla jf.a b|f.k j¾;udkh lshk cSú;h újD;jk ljq¨j wmdhla njg m;a
lrk yeá
;j;a jeo.;a me;a;l ;shkjd fï ;;ajfha
ta ;uhs fï fõokd;aul lh ls%hd;aul fj,d wmsg fN!;slj f.ak f,v ál
fï fõok;aul lh wfma cSú;fha jdäjqkdu wm fkdoekqj;aju wfma we.mqrd
iDkd;aul Yla;shla wdfrdamkh fj,d wfma ldhslj mj;sk cSjridhkh mjd
fjkialrkjd
we.g ydkslr ridhksl iïnkaOhka wmg fkdoeks wm;=, yg.kakjd
wms B¾Ihdjla wef.a ;shdf.k bkakjd lsh, ys;kak
uq¨ lhu fïflka wdfrdamkh fjkjd oeka wefÕa wd;rhsáia frda.h yokjd wefÕa
le,aishï ;;ajfha fjkila we;slrkjd
wms.dj ksrka;r ffjrh fl%daOh ;shkjdkï Tn ms,sld frda.hghs b,a¨ï m;a;r
odkafka
udkfhka wdfrdams; lhla oshjeähd frda.hg wfmaÌlfhla
ta jf.au ySk udkfhka fmf,kafkla ;=, weÿu yefokak we;s bv lv jeä
fï jf.a udkisl ixlS¾k;d lfha fjkialï we;slrkjd
wms f,v oelalg fï wms.dj b|f.k fydfrla jf.a ls%hdlrñka woDYHudkj jev
lrk fï fõokd;aul lh lsh, okafk keye
ta ;uhs wdrdamkh lr.kakd fkdfhla iDkd;aul Yla;s fÌ;%hkag idfmaÌlj úúO
wdldrfha frda. yefok yeá
tajd .ek ;shk m¾fhaIk f;dr;=re wvqksid fudkwdldrfha iDkd;aul Yla;s
fÌa;%hkao fï frda. yokafk lsh, wms okafk ke;s tl ú;rhs fu;k
b;sß ál wms yeu fudfydf;u w;aú|skjd
fï fõokd;aul lh “uu” úiska yomq wfma cSú;fha wÿre fijke,a, wm;=, boka wm
úkdYlrk mrmqgqfjla fydfrla woDYHudk n,hla

115
oeka n,uq fï jf.au fï “uu” meje;au ms,s.;a;yu ;shk ;j;a ;;ajhla
t;kg;a wms kula od.ksuq yÿk.kak f,ais fjkak
ta ;uhs “idxldj keu;s iylre”
fï ljqo? fï “uu” lshk meje;au wkd.;fhaoS lsishï ;¾ckhlg Wm¯jhlg
wk;=rlg ydkshlg m;afjhs hk ;ud;=, yg.kakd Nh ksid wm ;=, ksrka;r cSj;a
fjk woDYHudk Yla;s fÌa;%h
ta ;uhs wmyiqj, lkiai,a,, pxp,nj, is; fomig weoSu, w;Srkh, ms,sl=,, Nh
jf.a foaj,a
fï ;uhs wkd.;fha ug hï Wm¯jhla fõú lsh, we;s ìh
uu lshk meje;aug oeka fï fudfydf;a hï ;¾ckhla Wm¯jhla fjkjdkï tysoS
we;sjk Nhg, jyd olajk m%;spdrh .ek fkfuhs fï l;dlrkafk
fïl udkislj wms.dj bkak iylrefjla úoshg lghq;= lrk wdldrh ms,sn|jhs
fu;k wjOdkh fhduqlrkafk
n,kak wkd.;h wmsg 100% ksjerosj m%lafIamkh lrkak neye
ta jf.au ksYaÉ;j fjkak fohl=;a keye
kuq;a fudllao wk;=rla wfmaÌd lrkjd, wkdrÌs; nj oefkkjd
fï ;uhs j¾;udkh lshk cSú;h w¾;j;a lrkak wms .dj bkak “idxldj lshk
iylre”
fï fudlo fj,d ;sfhkafka uki m%nkaOl, uu fudllayß lrorhlg uQk fokak
fjhs hk ;;ajh ksid Nh we;sl,d
fï Nh fudkjgo?fudllao fï ;¾ckh Wm¯jh?hula hfula ke;sfjhs lsh, nh,
wid¾;l fjhs lsh,d Nh, ßfohs ,ecacdjg m;afjhs wd;au .re;ajh ke;sfjhs lsh,
nh fldákau lshkjdkï fï “uu” lshk meje;au úkdYfjhs lsh, Nh
fukak fï Nh ixldj Tn ;=, fydhd.kakkï n,kak
Tn yeu foagu fndfydu l,yldÍkï (aggressive) ke;akï fndfydu wdrÌdldÍkï
(Defensive) fï lshkafka wNHka;rfha fydhd.kak neß Nhla ls%hdlrkjd lshk tl
fï lshkafka Tfì cSú;hg Tn w¾;h fokafka ukia ;=,ska “uu” mokï lrf.k
Tn jHdc fndre ukia m%nkaOhlg /já,d oeka Tfì ksrka;r iylre idxldjhs
fï wkd.; wúksYaÉ;nj wkfmaÌs;nj ksid we;sjk ixlS¾k;d .ek l:d lroaos
fkdlshdu neß fmdäfohla ;shkjd
Thf.d,a,kag wkd.;h iy;sl f,iu ÿla f.dvla lr.kak Tskskï
Tn lrk jev .ek m%;sm, ms,sn| n,dfmdfrd;a;= ;shdf.k bkak
m%;sm, n,d isákakd yeuúgu ÿlaf.dvl
fï m%;sm, fudkjgo “uu” ;Dma;su;a lrkak
uf.a .e,ùu wkd.; m%;sm,j,g ndroS,

ñ,.g wms ;j;a b;du .eTqre ;eklg hkak yokafk

fï “uu” meje;afï m%Odku wx.hla
“uu” we;sùu ksid ;shk m%Odk ,Ìkhla
fu;kos;a wms kula od.ksuq f,aishg ta ;uhs “wiïmQ¾k uu”
fï ;;ajh fudkjf.ao lsh, oeka n,uq
fu;k uki úiska “uu” yokjd lshkafka tys woyi uf.ka msg uyd úYd, f,dalhla
;shkjd lshk tl
tfyukï uu f,dalfhka fjkafj,d .e,ú,d kuq;a ;j me;a;lska f,dalfhau fldgila
lsh, f;afrkjd
fï uq¨ uy;a f,dalhla tlal ne¨jyu ug fudkjdo ;sfhkafka
tfyukï ffki¾.sl jYfhka fï uu lshk tl we;=f, wiïmQ¾k nj wvqnj
wksjd¾h fohla

116
ta lshkafka uu jákjd uoso?uu fyd| uoso? fïjd wms ;=, ;shk ,Ìk
fï ksid ;uhs ug Tsks, ug uos, ;kayd Wmoskafk fï ;=,ska ;uhs
oeka fï wms fld;kgo tkak yokafka
fï uu we;sùu ;=, we;sfjÉp ysvei jykak, f,daflka fjkaùu ;=, we;sjqk ysvei
jykak
talhs fï Tlafldgu oe.,Su
oeka fï jykak yokafka mqrjkak yokafka fudkjdhskao?
fiiq f,dalhg ;shk wmsg ke;s tajhska msfrõfjd;a f,dalh jf.a fjkj uu
fï uu meje;aug yeu úgu Tsk f,dalh fjkak
kuq;a fïl lrkak yokafk uu ;=,skauhs
fyd|hs oeka n,uq wms f.afodr, nvquqágq, j;=msá, hdkjdyk, rka ßoS, uq;= ueKSla fï
jdhska mqrjkjd uqo,a n,h, ks,h, ch.%yk, lS¾;sh, lemSfmkSu, ,dN, f,dl= f,dl=
iïnkaO;d, jeä jeäfhka wOHdmk iy;sl wfma u¨ fmáÜ j,ska Tmamq ;srmamq W;=r,d
hkjd ì%maflaia ;=k y;r iy;sl f.dv fudkjdo fï?
uu lshk wd;auh ;=, we;s wvqj ysvei mqrjkjd
oeka mqrj, n,kjd msß,o lsh,
tfyu fj,do?keye
ta fudlo? fï mqfrdamq Ndckfha wäfhka f,dl= ys,la
fï ;uhs uuhs f,daflhs fnoSu ksid we;sjQ ysvei
b;sx fldÉpr msfrõj;a msfrkafka keye
fukak Tfì cSú;h “wiïmQ¾k uu” Ndr.;a;yu isÿjk jefä
fï jevál lrkak fudkfoaj,a álla lrkak Tskso?
tfykï fï wiïmQ¾khd iïmQ¾k lrk tl f,aiso ? keye
oeka fïjd yßyïnlrk tl ú;ro ;sfhkafka? keye
wehs ksr;=rej wdrÌdlrkak Tsk, mj;ajkak Tsks
ke;akï ug yß jefä fjkafka ysia fjkjd
wmsg ysf;kjd wfma ika;lh wvq Wfkd;a uu lrk lshk /lshd ks,;, wysñjqfkd;a
iudc ;;ajh wvqjqfkd;a uu ke;sfjkjd
ta ksid wfma meje;au ;sfhkak kï mq¨jka ;rka ika;l jeälr.kakjd, ;ekam;=
jeälrkjd, iy;sl jeäfhka .y.kakjd, lh ,iaikg ;shd.kakjd úfYaI yelshdjka
mjq,a ;;ajh cd;sh wd.u úYAjdi moao;s fïjd wks;a whg jvd fiiq f,daflg jvd
by,ska ;shd.kak yokjd
ñg wu;rj uu iïmQ¾k lrkak foaYmd,k iudcuh wd¾;slh jdksc;ajh fï “uu”
yo, fjilal+vqjl /,s lm, wf,dakj jf.a fïl ,iaik lrkjd
ta lshkafka wjg iudch uu fmdaIkh lrkjd wr lsõj ysvei jeälrkjd
Bg miafi wms lshkjd cSú; igk lsh,
fï ;uhs “wiïmQ¾k uu” wfma cSú; fk!ldj mojk osYdj
ñ,.g fï “wiïmQ¾k uu” wmsg fyd| tlla fokjd hk tk ;ek T¨fõ ;shdf.k
hkak talg uu lshkakï “ljlgq fmáÜh” lsh,
ljlgqfmáÜh ;sfhkafk fudkjdo? wäfldaÿ fldakudk
fï fudkjdo tl tl úoshg uksk Wmlrk udk
wmsg fï udk ál T¨j Wäka ;sìng miafi fudlo fjkafk
uu fiiq f,dalhg jeäh i,a,sj,ska j;=msá, bvlvï, hdkjdyk, rkßoS, uq;= ueKsla
iy;sl ks,;, n, j,ska jeäo wvqo iudko lsh, n,kak mq¨jka
yuqjqk mqoa.,hka yd ;uka w;r ixikaOkd;aulj ne,Sfï yelshdj, fm,Tùu
wjYH;djh fï ;=,ska we;slrkjd
fïl “uu“ meje;au iïmQ¾k lrkak i;=gq lrkak .kak W;aidyhlauhs ysveimqrjk
;j úoshla

117
fu;kos B,.g ixikaOkh lr, bjrfj,d yeisfrk úosh ye.Sï we;sjk úosh n,k
tl;a jeo.;a
fïl ;uhs fiiq f,dalh yd ixikaokd;aulj n,k úosh
ug jeäh ;shkjd kï “ñksyd ug jeäh .sfha fydrlr, widOdrkfhka
Tf;kag tkak uu Woõlf,a”
wvqkï “fyd| jefä Th ñksyd lrk foa j,g ;uhs Th ál fjkak Tsks”
iudk kï “tfyu fjkafk fldfyduo ud;a tlal iuiuj”
fï fudkjo? B¾Ihd, fl%daO, ffjr, udk, fï ljlgq fmáÜfha ;shk tajdhska uek,
jqkfoa fï ;uhs iDkd;aul Yla;s fÌa;%
oeka fï ljlgq fmáÜh T¨fj ;shk yskao ;j tlla fjkjd
oeka ñksyd “fmdä m%o¾Ik l=áhla” fjkjd
ñksydg lshkak wjYH fjkjd ;udf.a f,dl=lï, yelshdjka, oÌ;d, W.;a lï .ek
lsõfj ke;skï fmakak ke;akï wks;a wh okafk fldfyduo ug fïjd ;shkjd lsh,d
uu oeka ysvei msfrõjd uuhs f,dalhhs tlhs
B,.g mgka .kakjd ñksydg ;shk tajd lshkak ke;s tajd jykak
oeka ,iaik i¾j ms;a;, lE,s álla /,sálla n,aì fol;=kla od, ,iaik lrkjd
Bg miafi lE.y .yd lshkjd wfka uf.a fï l=áh osyd n,kak lsh,
wfka udj ms,s.kak ug fufyu fufyu ;shkjd lsh lshd lE.ykjd
fuÉpr jdyk ;shkjd, fuÉpr wlalr m%udkhla ;shkjd, fukak fï iy;sl ;shkjd
úNd. iu;a, wr wr lïmeksfh äfrlag fï wdoS jYfhka fudroSu
fï fudllao? wNHka;rfha we;sjqk ysvei wiïmQ¾k;djh
fudkjdo fï lrkafka
WT,d keye lsh, ys;=jg uu oeka iïmQ¾khs
fudkjdo fï ys.d lkafk? lS¾;sh ms,s.ekSu
fï ys.kakdf.a md;a;rh fudllao? wr ljlgq fmáÜh,
we|f.k bkak jerye,s fudkjdo? m%o¾Ik l=áh ,iaik lrmq tajd
n,kak ms,s.ekSu lS¾;sh ys.dlk lSfofkla wms w;r bkakjdo lsh,d
fï fudkjdo “uu” lshk ms,s.ekSu ksid wm ;=, we;sù ;sfnk ixlS¾k;d,fkdoekqj;aj
wmsj i¾jms;a;, f,dalhg ;,a¨lrkjd
“uu” oeka iudc m%Yakhla njg fmrf,kjd
fyd|hs wms oeka ;j;a fï “uu” lsh, ms,s.ekSu ;=, we;sjk udkisl ixlS¾k;djhka
n,uq
fïlg;a biafi,a,d jf.a kula od.ksuq “kdágdñ uu”
kdágdñ lshkafka nr Wiq,kakd fka
thdf.a jefä cSú;ldf,u nr lf¾ ;shdf.k hk tl
ta jf.au fï w;aú|Sï mrmqr ;=, uu flfkla bkakjd lsh, ms,s.;a;g miafi thdg
kdágdñ jefä lrkak fjkjd, uyd úYd, nrla lrg .kak fjkjd
ta fudkjdo? uf.a ika;lh foudmsfhda, ÿorefjda, kEoEfhda, hd¨fjd, ;ryldrfhd,
hdno wh fulS fkdlS Tlafldu,f. m%Yak
fu;k lshkafka nr lrg .kakjd lsh,d ;u hq;=lï j.lSï bYag lsÍu .ek fkfuhs
th ;=,ska l=I,hla hym;lau isÿfjkjd
kuq;a fï iïnkaO;d ;=,ska we;sjqk wlghq;=lï, fkdlghq;= foa, widOdrk, hq;=lï
meyer yeÍï, n,dfmdfrd;a;= lvùï, wkjYH we.s,s .eySï Th úoshg w¾:l:kh
l, isoaê wjia:d mqoa.,hka woyia fï wkafkdakH iïnkaO ;=, nyq, jYfhka ;shkjd
fukak fïjd lf¾ ;shdf.k hdu .ekhs fï lshkafka
fï ;uhs mrk nvq u¨ wkqkaf.a nvqu¨ T¨fj ;shdf.k hk tl
fï fndre nrla T¨fj ;shdf.k hkafka lsh, wjfndaO lr.kak neye
Tlafldu fï we;=f, bkak “ug” jqk foaj,a
fï Tlafldu lshkafka “uu” lshk meje;aug isÿjQfoaj,a yeáhg

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wms kdágdñg;a wka; fjkjd fudlo wms fïjd lfrka ljodj;a ìu fkd;shk ksid

wms fï l:djg neiafi ilaldh osáÜh ms,sn| f;areï .ekSu wfma tosfkod cSú;hg
fl;rï m%fhdackj;ao lshk tl n,kak
fu;kos wfma m%fõYh jqfka ilaldh osáÜh ke;skï fï w;aú|Sï mrmqr ;=, “uu’
flfkla bkakjd lsh, ms,s.ekSu ;=, we;sjk fkdfhla udkisl ixlS¾k;d yÿkd.ekSuhs
fu;kos fkdfhla udkisl úfYaI{jre fï ms,sn|lr we;s úYaf,aIk lsysmhla ;uhs
ie,ls,a,g .;af;a
fu;kos Th f.d,a,kag meyeos,s fjkj fkao fï “uu” lshk ukfia m%nkaOh .ek
lsishï wjfndaOhla ;shkjd kï f.dvla udkisl ixlS¾k;d j,ska wmg ñfokak yels
lsh,d
fya;=j ish¨u ixl,amhkays uQ,slu moku uu lshk ixl,amhhs
wms cSúf;a mqrdu lr, ;sfhkafka fudk wdldrhlg fyda “udj“ ;Dma;su;a lrkak,
iïmQ¾k lrkak, ;¾ck .¾ck j,ska j,lajd .kak W;aidy lsÍu
fï W;aidyh ;=, ;uhs fkdfhla udkisl ldhsl ixlS¾k;d .eg¨j,g uqyqk fokak
fjkafka
t;fldg cSú; fk!ldj mojk lms;dka “uu”
fïlg ;uhs wms cSú; igk lshkafka
fmdä Wodyrkhla lshkakï oeka
Th f.d,af,d okakjdo iuk, lkafo nr?, keye fkao?
“uu” ksid fldÉpr nrla Tfì ysf;a Wyq,f.k ysáho wkak ta nr iuk, lkafo
nrg iudkhs wdhs;a iel ys;kak tmd
fukak fu;k ;uhs ilaldh osáGsh ms,sn| oekSu we;slr .ekSfï m%fhdackh
;sfhkafka
wkka;jQ ixidf¾ fï “uu” lshk meje;au mrk nvq u¨ iuk, lkaola nrg lf¾
;shdf.k wdj
oeka fï ;;ajh okakjd kï Th nr ìñka ;shkak
oeka ys;kak fmdävla fï w;aú|Sï mrmqr ;=, “uu” keye lsh, f;areï .;a;yu
fjkfoa
wms l:dl, “uu” ;Dma;su;a lsÍug ork W;aidyh ;¾ck .¾ck wiïmQ¾k;d fulS
fkdlS lsisu udkisl .eg¨jla tys keye
fuf;la ú|Sï mrmqr osyd ne¨fj tu ú|Sï “uu” yd fldf;la ÿrg tl.o lsh,
fuf;la wms f,dalfhka fjka fj,d w;aú|skak W;aidyl,d
oeka f,dalfhka fjkafj,d keye ish¨ w;aú|Sï tl.hs
ld;a tlalo? úYajh tlal
oeka “uu” fkfuhs ú|Sï mrmqr;=, t;fldg bkafka
tys úreoaOd¾:h úYajhhs tys ;sfhkafk
oeka ish¨nr ìñka ;shkak, úYajhg tl.jkak, uu ke;slrkak
oeka fï kj m%fõYfhka cSú;fha w;aú|Sï foi n,kak
Tfì cSú; mrud¾; b,lal fjkiafj,d hkjd
ÿla lïlfgd¨ úYAjh yd oshfj,d hkjd
w¨;a cSú;hl wrïNh thhs
ta ksid kej; lshkjd iuk, lkao yd iudk nrla jk “uu” lshk ms,s.ekSu
w;yßkak úYAjh yd tl;=jkak fukak fu;k ;uhs ilaldh osáGSh ke;slsÍfï kshu
m%fhdackh ;sfhkafka
ta ksid fï wjfndaOh cSú;hg wdf,dalh m%{dj f.k tkjd

119
3-37 ilaldh osáGsh ms,sn| wmg wjfndaO lr.kak wmyiqfj,d
;sfhkafka l=ula ksido?
do
uu fláfhkau lshkakï wfma wjfndaOh yd ms,s.ekSï ksid
fudkjd .ek wjfndaO yd ms,s.ekSïo? fï w;aú|Sï mrmqr fyj;a mxpialkaO ms,sn|j

wms w;aú|skafka kdu rEm

tfykï fï wjfndaOh ms,s.ekSu we;sfj,d ;sfhkafka kdu rEm .ek
wmsg kdu rEm .ek fudkjf.a wjfndaOhla ms,s.ekSulao ;sfhkafka n,uq
kdu fï ú|Sï mrmqf¾ bkak ú|skakdf.a iajNdjh
ta ms,sn| ;uhs tfykï wjfndaO ms,s.ekSï Tlafldu ;sfhkak Tsk
fï ú|Su ;=,ska ;uhs w;S; wkd.; j¾;udk ld,;%hg wms nef|kafka
w;S;fha hula w;aoelSu úkao flkduhs j¾;udkfha w;aú|skafka wkd.;hg hkafka
lshk wjfndaOh ;=,ska ms,s.ekSu we;sfj,d
fu;k we;sfjk É;a; ffp;isl ls%hdj,sfha fõ.j;a nj u;l uq,afj,d j¾;udkh
w¾: olajk wdldrh ksid ;=kald,hu fkdfjkiaj mj;sk ia:sr udkisl mod¾;hla
ke;akï “uu” flfkla bkakjd lshk kdu ms,sn| jegySu we;sfjkjd
wksl ;uhs rEm ms,sn| wjfndaOh
rEm .;a;yu ;s%udkhs ke;akï wykak oefkkak olskak mq¨jka, jia;= ¯jH lrd hkak
mq¨jks, tajdfha msysáu ia:dk.; lsÍu fjkia lrkak fyd,jkak mq¨jks
tys iajNdjhka fjkia l, yels
tkï .yla kï ,E,s br, .Dy NdKAv olajd fjkia lrkak mq¨jks
fï ;uhs b¯sh úIh;djh
fïjd we;a; fkfuhs
wms n,uq weyeg fmak iSks lefáo wkaùÌhlska ne¨fjd;a fmakafka
iyuq,skau ys;kakj;a neß rEm álla
wms f,dalh osyd n,kafk tla;rd úoshlg mqyqkql, ukilska
fï ksid i;Hh fmakafka keye
fN!;sl;ajh ke;akï rEm j, h;d iajNdjh fmakafka keye
uu kso¾Ikhla lshkakï
wmsg uqÿ,ud,,j,¨,lrdnq, fia, lsh, iaj¾kdNrk j, yev n,kak mq¨jka
kuq;a ta Tlafldu yo, ;sfhkafka r;a;rkska
ta jf.a f,dalh Yìo,.kao,ri,iam¾I,j¾k lsh, .kak mq¨jks yevh
kuq;a tys ;sfhkafka tlhs Yla;s ú;rhs
fu;k fj,d ;sfhkafka fï r;a;rka ke;akï Yla;s lshuq fï jpfk yßuo lshkak
neye
fN!;sl;ajfha rEmj, ienE;;= fï b¯sh úYh;dfjka jeys,
tfykï rEm ms,sn| uq,ska wms lshmq ms,s.ekSu wjfndaO ksjerosu keye
tfykï wms fï w;aú|Sï ;uhs kdu rEm fyj;a ld,h f.jñka fN!;sl;ajh
w;aolsñka cSj;aùu
fï w;aú|Sï iajNdjhka wmsj uQ,sl foaj,a follska ;;ajlrkh lrkjd
ta ;uhs ld,h ksh;hla jYfhka jegySu
wksl ;uhs fN!;sl rEm w,a,f.k bkak wjldIh ksh;hla jYfhka f;aÍu
tfyukï fï idfmaÌlj mj;sk udhdldÍ f,dfõ fjkia fkdjk mru i;H úoshg
ld,h wjldIh ta;a;= hkjd
fïlg ;uhs wúoHdj lshkafka
w;aú|Sula we;sùu ;=,ska we;sjk fï wjfndaOh ksid ms,s.ekSu ksid fï w;aú|Su ;=,
uu f,dalh f,i fjkafldg jegySu ;uhs wjidkfhaoS fjkafk

120
3-38 Tn lshk wdldrhg fm!oa
fm!oa.s,sl wkkH;djhlska hq;=j Nj .dñj
.uka lrk Yla;s msxvhla ;shkjd lsh, ms,s.;a;yu tal wd;aujdohg
jefgkafka keoao?
meyeos,sju wd;aujdohg jefgkjdfka
fudlo tfyu lsõfj
fï ú|Sï mrmqr;=, fkdfjkiajk mod¾; ;shkjd lsh, ms,s.;a; yskao ;uhs ú|Sï uu
uf.a lsh, wrf.k Yla;s Wmdodkh fj,d Nj.dñj fjkalr, yÿkd.; yels tallhla
meje;aula yÿkd .;af;
fï ú|Sï ;=, fjkia fkdjk mod¾; ;shkjd lsh, ms,s.;a;yu ú|Sï ug isÿjk f,i
wjfndaO fjkjd
fï ksid ug w,a, .kak f,dalh ìysfjkjd
b;sx wd;au jdoh lsõfj fudllao? Nj.dñj .uka lrk fkdfjkia mod¾;hla ú|Sï
mrmqf¾ ;shkjd lshk tl
nqÿrcdkka jykafia fïlg lsõjd mxpialkaOh wd;au úoshg .ekSu lsh,d
ta ;uhs ilaldh osáGsh
n,kak i ks $É;a; ixhq;sfha$É;a; j¾.fha$ÿ;sh biso;a; i%;%h
tys b;du meyeos,sj ;shkjd foieg ñ;Hd oDYaáfhau moku ilaldh osáGsh lsh,
tfyukï wms ms,s.ksuq wms bkafka ñ;Hd oDYaáfha wd;au oDYaáGsfha lsh,d
ta ksid fka wmsg iir ;sfhkafka
ta úoshg fm!oa.,sl wkkH;djhlska hq;=j Nj .dñj .uka lrk Yla;s msxvhla
;shkjd lsh, ms,s.;af;d;a ne¨fjd;a ;uhs

• fndaêi;aj mdrñ;d Tmamqlr yelafla

• mQ¾fõ ksjdidkqiauD;s {kh ke;akï miq.sh Nj oyia .kka n,kak flfkla
fu;k bkafka
• Njjdikd .ek l:dl, yelafla
• mqk¾Nj mqkre;am;a;s fï oyug iïnkao lr, l:d l, yelafla
• l¾ujdoh Tmamql, yelafla

fu;k fï ilaldh osáGsh ke;skï fï Njfha .uka lrk flfkla ke;sfjkjd

ksjka olskak fidajdka fjkafk ljqo?
tfyu iirg neÿk ke;s mD;ck Ndjhla ke;akï t;k iifrka ños,d f,daflda;a;r
fj,d
T;k wd;au jdohla ilaldh osáGshhla keye lsh, ljqre yß lshkjd kï
ta lshkafka iifrka ñÿk flfkla ksjka olskak yokafka
fyd|g kej; ys;g .kak nqÿrcdkka jykafia lsõjd úYajh foi n,kak mq¨jka
oDYaá l%u folla
fïjd i%;%msglh mqrdu ;shkjd
ta fol fudkjdo?

• ilaldh oDIaáfhka ^ilaldh iuqoh .dñkS mámodj&

• wdkd;au oDIaáfhka ^ilaldh ksfrdaO .dñkS mámodj&

o ilaldh oDYaáfhka f,dj foi ne¨jyu f,dalh folv fldg fmakjd

uu yd fiiq f,dalh jYfhka, th ú{dkhhs
tys uu, ld,h, fN!;sl;ajh, wjldIh ;shkjd fu;k ld,h wjldIh
ksh; úoshg .kakjd, fï ;uhs kdu rEm ke;skï f,dj w;aú|Su
wms lshuq fuu oDYaáhg f,dalh folv fldg ne,Su (Dual Mode) lsh,

121
 o wksl ;uhs wdkd;au oDYaáh fu;k úYajh tlla úoshg .kafka
uu yd f,dalh úoshg folv fj,d keye tys uu, ld,h, fN!;sl;ajh,
wjldIh lshk lsisu fohla keye talg lshkjd f,dalfhka t;r fj,d
lsh, mD;ck Ndjh ke;slr,,tys kdu rEm keye
fï úYajh f,dalh uu jYfhka folv fkdfldg ne,Sug lshkjd
wkd;au oDYAáh lsh, (Nondual Mode)

n,kak i ks$nkaOl j¾.fha

j¾.fha$nkaOl ixhq;sfha$uQ, mKaKdilfha$w;a;oSm
j¾.fha$mámod i%;%h
oeka fu;kos ;j fmdäfohla lshkak Tsks
fï wkd;au lshk oDYaáh ;=,ska ú|Sk ksjka iqjh ;uhs fn!oaO o¾Ikfha úuqla;sh
f,dalfha o¾Ik .;a;yu tys úuqla;sh .ek i,ld ne¨jyu tys fohdldrhla lems,
fmakjd
tkï fï ú|Sï mrmqr ;=, fkdfjkiajk mod¾;h fyj;a uu iodld,sl fkdfjkiajk
Y=oaO mru ;;ajhlg m;alsÍu fïlg lshkjd YdYaj; jdo lsh,
fï jdoj,ska isÿfj,d ;sfhkafka úuqla;sh mru wd;au, Y=oaOd;au,n%yauka, foúhka,
ks¾.=k wdoS iajNdj j,g ke;akï wkka; jQ iodld,sl;ajhg m;alsÍuhs
wd;auh fkdkeiS iodld,sl fjkjd

úuqla;sfha iajNdjh úia;r lrk wksla wdldrh ;uhs fï wd;au lshk fldgi
iyuq,skau ke;sfj,d hkjd
oeka fN!;sl jdoh .;af;d;a urkska miafia fï wd;au iajrEmh iyuq,ska ke;asfjkjd
fïlg lshkjd WÉfÑojdoh lsh,

tfyukï fï wd;au lshk fldgi úuqla;sfhaos tlaflda iodld,sl Y=oaO;ajhg m;afjkjd

ke;skï iyuq,ska ke;sfjkjd
kuq;a nqÿrcdkka jykafia lsõjd fï folgu jefgkafka ke;sj ueoska hkjd lsh,
tfyukï ksjk YdiajD;hgj;a WÉfÑohgj;a jefgkafk ke;s fjkak Tsk
kuq;a oeka m%Yakhla kef.kafka keoao wd;au iajNdjfhaoS uu fN!;sl;ajh ld,h
wjldIh ish,a, f.kau Y+kHhs
ta lshkafka WÉfÑohg jegkjdo?

n,kak wms fï úuqla;sh fydhkak f,dalh lshk tl l=vdu cSú; tallhlg lvd .;a;
tkï biafi,a,du f,dalh ixidrh Bg miafi nThla jQ isrer
Bg miafi mxpialkaOh is;sú,a, wjidkfha ú{dkh
fï ;uhs cSú; tallh fï ú{dkj,ska ;uhs cSú;h msß,d ;sfhkafka
fï ú{dk osyd ke;akï f,dalh osyd wms wdlD;s ;=klska ne¨jd
th fya;=m,hs máÉp iuqmamkakhs
ke;akï th mod¾;hkaf.ka Y+kHhs ke;akï fï ú|Sï ú{ma;s ud;%hla ú;rhs lsh,d
fuysoS wmsg wjfndaO jqkd f,dalh jYfhka wms ú|Sk foa uu ld,h fN!;sl;ajh
wjldIh ke;akï kdu rEm tlsfklg idfmaÌl foa lsh,d

ñ,.g wms oelald uu lshk tl Wv fï Tlafldu ;sfhkafka lsh,d

uu lshkafka ñß.=jla ke;akï f,dalfhau m%;sìïNh úkd tfyu fohla ;sì, keye
fuu ;;ajh udhdjla ú;rhs lsh,d wms oelald
tfyukï f,dalh uecsla tlla
u;lfka ú{dkh udhdldrfhla lsh,d nqÿrcdkka jykafia lshmq ;eka
uecsla tflaos we;a; fkfuhs fmakafka
t;k wfma ysf;a fudkjd yß ueùula
kuq;a uecsla tl oek.;a; ojig wms lshkjd Wodyrkhla .ksuq

122
f,akaiqjlska mrúfhla yo, uecsla tlla fmkakqjd lsh,d
fu;kos we;a; oek .;a;yu lshkafka fudllao?T;k mrúhd fkfuhs ;sfhkafka
f,akaiqjlsh,d
tfyukï t;k mrúhd ke;sjqkd lshk tlo fj,d ;sfhkafka keye
mrúhd yeÿfk f,akaiqfjka lsh, wjfndaO lr .ekSu
fï jf.a wd;auh ke;sfjk tl fkfuhs fj,d ;sfhkafka
ke;sfjkak wd;auhla ;sì,d keye
t;k ;sfhkafka h:d wjfndaOhg m;aùu
fïl ;uhs ueos udj;
fyd|hs tfyukï fï f,dalh is;sú,a, uecsla ldrhdf.a mrúhd jf.a
n,kak i ks$ nkaOl j¾.fha$ nkaOl ixhq;sfha$mqma: j¾.h$fMKmsvqmu i%;%h
wms fï l:dlrf.k wdfõ fm!oa.,sl wkkH;djhlska hq;=j Nj.dñj .uka lrk
Yla;sh fudkjf.ao hkak yd thska ñ|Su fudkjf.ao lsh,
fu;kos wms yskaÿ oyfï ;shk fï wd;au ixl,amh .ek;a fmdä wjfndaOhla .;af;d;a
fï ;;ajh jv jvd ;yjqre lr.kak th fya;=fjkjd lsh,d ug ysf;kjd
yskaÿ wd.fï wd;auh n%yauhd úiska ujk ,oaola
th fjka fjka jYfhka ;shk fldg cSjwd;auhhs
th fjkalrk ,oafoa uyd n%yauhd úiska
th Y+oaO wd;au jQ l, n%yau mod¾;hg tl;= fjkjd
n%yauhdf.a leue;a; mßos i;ajhdf.a fnoSu f,dalh we;sùu ú|Su isÿfjkjd
fï wd;auh ljodj;a fjkia lrkak neye Njfhka Njhg hkjd
kuq;a nqÿrcdkka jykafiaf.a wd;auh fjkia fkdù mj;skakla fkfuhs
nqÿrcdkka jykafia fï iajNdjh meyeos,s lrkak wd;au lshk jpkh mdúÉÉ lf,;a
keye
th fjkia fjkjd ta jf.au th ljqre;a ueõj fohla fkfuhs
É;a; ffp;islhkag idfmaÌj we;sjQ l¾u j,g wkqrEmSj w;aú|Su ilia ùula
fïl ;uhs ú{dkh ksid we;sjk w;aú|Sfï h:d iajdNdjh
fï w;aú|Su uu uf.a jYfhka w,a, .ekSug lsõfj ilaldh osáGSh lsh,
fï osáGSh ksid Yla;sh f.dkqfj,d
Yla;sh f.dkqjqkdu lsõjd mxpWmdodkialkaO lsh,
fï ialkaO mrïmrdj ;uhs Njfha ießirkafka fjkia fkdjk wd;auhla fkfuhs fï
iajNdjh
t;fldg yskaÿka lshk wd;auhhs wms lshk wd;auhhs folla
fï ksidu nqÿrcdkka jykafia lsõj wkd;au iajNdjh yskqÿka lsõj wd;au iajNdjfha
úreoaO iajdNdjh fkfuhs
fyd|hs fï idlÉpdj wjika lrkak biafi,a,d fukak fï ál;a oek.kak tl
m%fhdackj;a
iEu o¾Ikhlau úoHdjlu jf.a mrud¾;h f,dalh l=ulao hkak fidhd .ekSu
wjqreÿ oyia .kkl isg f,dalh ;=, fkdfjkia jk mod¾; ;shkjd lsh, ms,s.ekSu
;snqk w;r nqÿrcdkka jykafia ;uhs uq,skau fidhd.;af;a fï w;aú|sk ú|Sï fÌa;%h
fyj;a f,dalh udhdjla jf.a fohla
fuh fjkia fkdjk mod¾;hkaf.ka Y+kHhs lsh,
ish,a, fjkia fjkjd
uu ug lsh,d .kak fohla fuys keye lsh,
wksla me;af;ka wms wo l:d lrk úoHdj wdrïNl hq.j,oS ld,h yd wjldIh
ksh; idOlhla foa i,l,d f,dalh l=ulao hkak ú.%yl,d
kuq;a miqld,Sk j úoHd{hka fidhd.;a; ld,h yd wjldIh ksh; idol fkfuhs
tlsfklg idfmaÌlj mj;sk idol lsh,
ta jf.au fï jk úg fldkagï fN!;sl jdoh (Quantum Theory) fhka b;du ishqï
f,i f,dal iajNdjh ú.%ylrf.k hkúg wmsg fï fmak mod¾; iïmQ¾kfhkau
fidhd.; fkdyels fohla nj;a tys wjidk iajrEmh wúksYAÉ;j mj;skakla nj;a tys
ffki¾.sl jYfhka fjkia fkdjk mod¾;hla yÿkd.; fkdyels nj;a tys oelsh

123
yelafla hula yÿkd.; fkdyels ;;ajhla kuq;a hula we;sùug yelshdj ;shk
;;ajhla (State of Undefined Potentialities) nj;a meyeos,sfj,d ;shkjd
kuq;a wm f,dõ;=rd nqÿrcdkka jykafia fuysoS b;du meyeos,sj lsh, ;shkjd uu
;shklï ;uhs fï kdu rEm wms w;aú|Skafka lsh,
fï lshkafka fudllao? hula we;sùug we;s yelshdjg is;la tl;=jqkdu ;uhs f,dalhg
w¾;h tkafka
fukak fu;k ;uhs f,dalfha iuqoh
is;la ke;skï f,dalhla keye
tfykï ienE úoHdj t;khs

fyd|hs wjidk jYfhka úoHdj o¾Ikh nqÿoyu lshk ;=ku f,dalh ú.%y lrkak
yo, ;shkjd
fï wxY ;=k fldgia follg fnokjd
fï fldgia fol f,dalh lshk ldisfha fome;a; w,a, .;af;a

o tl lááhla ne¨j fN!;sl ¯jH úYAf,aIkh l,d wkq mrudkq kHYAá

bf,lafg%dak kshqfg%dak lajdkagï olajd levqjd
o fojk md¾Ijh fN!;sl;ajh lshk ldisfhau wks;a me;a; ú|Su wrf.k
mxpialkao is;sú,s wdh;k ialkaO Od;= úoshg levqj

kuq;a nqÿrcdkka jykafia fï is; ^kdu& yd ¯jH ^rEm& lshk folu úYAf,aIkh lr,
tys ksh; fia fmfkk ld,h wjldIh wdoS jyfhka ksh; idOl fudl=;a keye
Tlafldu ;sfhkafka uu ;shk l,a lsh, fydhd.;a;
fï lshkafka ú|Sï mrmqrla ;=, wms ,nk ish¨ ú|Sï iajNdjhka tkï uu, ld,h,
fN!;sl;ajh, wjldIh, fï ish,a, tlsfklg idfmaÌj mj;sk iajrEmhka úkd ksh;
jYfhka mj;sk lsisu fohla ú|Sï mrmqr ;=, ke;snj b;du meyeos,shs
fyd|hs oeka wd;au wkd;au jdo .ekj;a Nj.dñj Yla;Ska .uka lrkjd lshk
ms,s.ekSu fkdms,s.ekSuj;a f,dalfha h:d iajNdjh wjfndaO lr.kak ndOd fjk tlla
keye lsh, uu ys;kjd

124
 iQ;% foaYkd ms,sn| mÍÌk ksÍÌk yd ks.uk úia;r
lsÍï

4-1 fidajdka m,h ms,sn| i%;% foaYkd mßÌd lsÍfïoS fidajdka

dka m,h hkak
úia;r flfrk úúO wdldrfha ks¾jpk yuqfjkjd
fuhska iuyrla úia;r lsÍï wfkl yd .,m.kak wmyiqjla ;shkjd
fï ksid hï hï wmyeos,s ;eka u;=fjkjd
ta ms,sn| meyeos,s lsÍula lrkak
fu;kos uu ys;kjd fidajdka m,h l=ulao hkak w¾: újrkh flfrk i%;% mdG
wrf.k ixixOkd;aul ú.%yhla lrkak biafi,a,d
f;areï .kak myiqfjkak miqìï lrekq ms,sn| úia;rhla lrkakï
fï nqÿoyu leálr, .;a;yu p;=rd¾H i;H;=, fï ish,a,u wk;¾.; fj,d
;shkjd
wmsg jvd yqre úoshlg fï foi ne¨fjd;a tys kHdhd;aul me;a;l=hs m%;smodj,a .ek
úia;rhl=hs ;shkjd
fudllao fï kHdhd;aul me;a; lshkafk? ÿl yd ÿl we;sùug fya;=j
m%;smodj,a me;af; lshfjkafk fudkjdo? ÿl ke;slsÍu yd ta ud¾.h
nqÿyduqÿrefjd fï ÿlal f.dvg oeïfu fudkjdo? fï f,dalh
tfykï fï kHdhd;aul ú.%y lsÍu ;=, f,dalh ÿlla fjkyeá úia;r fjkak Tsks
tfyukï fï m%;smodj,a iuQyh msÍfuka fjkak Tsks fï ÿflka f,daflka ñoSu
t;fldg fï nqÿoyfï oelafjk f,dalh ms,sn| kHhd;aul lrekq fukak fï ixl,am
;=,ska ;uhs úia;r fj,d ;sfhkafka
p;=rd¾H i;Hfha uq,ska lshfjk ÿlaL yd iuqoh i;Hh, máÉp iuqmamdoh, ;s%,Ìkh,
mxpialkaO yd mxpWmdokialkaO úNd.h, wdh;k fod,y ms,sn| ú.%yh, Od;= ú.%yh
fï ;uhs f,dal iajNdjh úia;r lrkak fhdodf.k we;s ixl,am
uq¨ i;siafndaê mdlaIsl O¾uu yd ima;úiqoaêh ;uhs m%;smodj
tkï úuqla;shg hk ud¾.h
t;fldg fï f,dal ú.%yh;=, f,dalfha we;sùu ke;sùu wdYajdoh wdoSkj yd
ksiairkh hk ish,a, wvx.=fjkjd
t;fldg fï fidajdka m,h lshk ;ekg fuys wod,;ajh l=ulao?
oeka fidajdka m,h .ek ks¾jpk n,oaos wmg yuqjqkd tl ;ekl ;shkjd “fidajdka
m,ia;shd ksh; jYfhka iïfndaêud¾.hg msúisflkd lsh,”
iïfndaêh lshkafk ksjk
tfyukï ksh; jYfhka ksjkg hk ke;akï úuqla;sh ,nk tfyu;a ke;akï fï
f,dalfhka tkï ÿflka ksoyia fjkak fhduqjqk flkd
;j ;ekl wmsg fufyu yuqjqkd u;lo u ks$uQ, mKaKdilfha$uQ, mßhhdj j¾.fha$
iìndij i%;%h u;lo
fu;k lshfjkjd myl,hq;= wdY%jhkaf.ka o¾Ikfhka oekSu ,eìfuka myl, hq;=
ixfhdack w;rg ilaldh osáÜ, úÉlsÉpd, iS,ìn;mrdudi jYfhka fmkaj,d ;shkjd
t;fldg tl me;a;lska f,daflka ñfok ud¾.hg msúiSu fidajdka lshkjd
wks;a me;af;ka hï o¾Ikhla oekSula ,nd.;a;yu ixfhdack ìf|kjd
tfyukï fidajdka lshkjd
tfykï fï f,daflka ñfokak fudkj .eko oek.kak Tsks
oeka fmakj fkao fidajdka m,h lshk ;ek .;a;yu fjkafk f,dalh ms,sn| ksjeros
oekSula we;slr .;a;yu Tyq ksh; jYfhka f,dalfhka iifrka ñfok ud¾.hg
msúfikjd

125
tkï iïfndaêhg msúiSu lsh, lshkafk Tyq ksjk olajd weof.k hk yevmdrg
wyqfj,d
oeka fyd|g meyeos,s fjkak Tsks fiajdka jqk flfkl= ;=, fï f,dalh ms,sn|j lsishï
kj oDYAáhla we;sfj,d ;sfhkak Tsks ta jf.au fuf;la mej;.k wd oDYaGs ms,s.ekSï
fndfyduhla fjkia fjkak TSks
tfykï oeka fï f,dalh lsh, lshkafk fudllao lsh, n,uq
fï oekSu ms,sn| f;areï lr.kak biafi,a,d n,kak w.ks ks $ p;=l ksldfha $ frdays;iai
j¾.h$ mGu frdays;iai i%;%fha frdays;iai osjHmq;%hdg f,dalh jYfhka nqÿrcdkka
jykafia úia;r lf,a l=ula lsh,
nThla mukjQ fï isrer f,dalhhs lsh, lsõfj
f,dalh l=ulao lsh, úia;r jqk i%;% foaYkd rdYShla ;j ;shkjd
fï yeu ;eklgu jf.a lsh, ;sfhkafka wms fï idudkH jHjydrfhaoS ;shk br y|
mD:súh pl%djdg fkdfjhs f,dalh lshkafka
wfma fï bka¯hkag yiqjqk ys;g w;aoelSï fÌa;%hg yiqjk ish,a, ;uhs f,dalh
lsh, woyialr, ;sfhkafk
oeka t;fldg fï f,dalh nThla mukjQ isrer kï
talg ;j ;ekl lsh,d ;shkjd kdu rEm lsh, ;j;ekl mxpialkaoh ;j;ekl
wdh;k fod,y ;j ;ekl Od;= wgf,di lsh, lsh, ;shkjd
ta lshkafka fjk;a úêhg f,dalh .ek oek.kakjd lshkafka mxpialkaOh ms,sn|
oek.kakjd lshk tl
tfykï f,dalh ÿlaL f.dvg ou, ;uhs nqÿrcdkka jykafia fï kHdhd;aul ú.%yh
lf,a
oeka n,kak fï oekSu f,dalh ms,sn| wjfndaOh lshkafka nqÿoyu lkg meñkSu ;=,
f,dalh ms,sn| we;sjk h:d wjfndaOh ksid mqoa.,fhl== ;=, we;sfjk oDYaáuh
wdl,amuh fjki
tkï uu ljqo fiiq f,dalh l=ulao l=uk wdldrfhao wdoS jYfhka Tyq ;=, fuf;la
;snQ oDYAáh ms,s.ekSu fjkiafj,d w¨;au oDYAáhlska f,dalh foi n,kak
mgka.kakjd
oeka ta lshkafka f,dalfha i;H iajNdjh .ek kshu oekSula we;sfj,d
wdfhu;a oDYAGsh fjkia fjkafk keye
fu;kos ;uhs Tyqg ksh; jYfhkau iïfndaêud¾.hg msúiqk flfkla jYfhka lshkak
mq¨jka fjkafk
fu;kos Tyq ;=, tf;la f,dalh .ek ys;df.k ysáh úosh nqÿnk lkg meñkSu ksid
fjkia fj,d
fu;k ta fjkia ùug Ndckh fjk yeá .ek;a fmdävla lshkak Tsks
flfkl=g fï f,dalh ms,sn| oDYAGsh fjkia fjkak kï nqÿrcdkka jykafia b;du
meyeos,sj lsõjd i;r fida;dm;a;s wx. iïmQ¾k fjkak Tsk lsh,d
Th fjki fjkak n,kak
i.ks
ks $ fida;dmkak ixhq;a;sfha $imam[l j¾.fha $M, i%;%h
fuysos lshfjk lrekqj,g wkqj fudlo fjkafk
l,aHdk ñ;%fiajkh ksid Tyqg i;H O¾uh Y%jkh fjkjd ta ms,sn| fhdaksfida
ukisldrfhka l,amkdjg .kakjd ta wjfndaOh ;=, Oïudkq Oïu m%;smodjg nyskjd
oeka fï i;r fida;dm;a;s wx. iïmQ¾k fjkfldg uqk .efyk fldg ;uhs fidajdka
fjkak tkï fï f,dalh ms,sn| ;j oDYAáh we;slr.kak mq¨jka fjkafk
oeka uu uq,os lsõj miqìu ms,sn| úia;r lshjqkd
oeka Th f.d,a,kag ;snqk m%Yakh fï fida;dmkakh ms,sn| úúO i%;% foaYkdj, úúO
w¾:l:k oS we;s iajrEmhla fmak ksid wmyeos,s lufk
oeka n,kak fida;dm;a;sh ms,sn| i%;% foaYkd j, we;=,;a w¾: ks¾jpk úia;r lsÍï
fudkjd .;a;;a wmsg meyeos,s fnoSï folla .kak mq¨jks

126
 • mqoa.,hd ;=, we;s f,dalh ixidrh ms,sn| oekSï m%udkh mokï lrf.k
fida;dm;a;sh úia;r fj,d ;shkjd
fuysoS isÿù;sfnkafka mqoa.,hd ;=, we;sjQ oDYaGsuh fjki mokï lrf.k
fida;dmkakh ms,sn| úia;r lsÍuhs ke;skï we;a;jYfhkau ;s%úO ixfhdack
ke;sùu
• ke;skï tjeks oekSï iïNdrhla uq,alrf.k mqoa.,fhl= ;=, yg.;a oDYaGSuh
fjki ;=,ska Tyq we;slr.;a ork wkq.ukh lrk m%;smod iS, uq,alrf.k
fï ms,sn| úia;r lr, ;shkjd. fuysoS isÿjkafka mqoa.,hd ;=, i;r O¾u
jeäuhs
t;fldg fidajdka m,h fida;dmkakhd ms,sn| i%;% foaYkdj, we;s w¾: .;a;yu
ta ish,a,f.au jf. ;sfhkafk tlaflda fida;dmkak jkúg ta mqoa.,hd ;=, we;s f,dal
iajNdjh ms,sn| oekSu fyda
tjeks oekSula we;s mqoa.,fhl= ;=, we;s wkq.ukh lrk iS, m%;smod iuqyh mokï
lr.;a ks¾jpk
oeka fï fnoSu f;areï .kak wms i%;% foaYkd lsysmhl we;s úúO w¾: oelaúï
wrf.k n,uq t;fldg fïl fyd|g meyeos,s fõú

m%:ufhka .ksuq wms uq,ska jeähu Ndú;fha ;shk fida;dmkakh .ek ks¾jpkh “fida;
wdmkak” fyj;a lkg meñks hk w¾:h
fudkjdo fï lkg meñkshd lsfhkafka? O¾uh
O¾uh lshkafk fudllao fï? f,dal iajNdjh ms,sn| úia;r kHdh
tkï f,dalfha we;sùu ke;sùu wdYajdoh wdoSkj ksiairkh ms,sn| oekSu
tkï fï kHdh lkg meñks,d
tfyukï Tyq fidajdka lsh, lshkjd
n,kak fuys úia;rh wkqj fidajdka hkak úia;r fj,d ;sfhkafka f,dalh ms,sn|
we;slr.kakd oekSu mokï lrf.k

fojkqj n,uq i.kai kas$ fida;dmkak ixhq;sfha$ fõ¨oajdr j¾.fha$ ;;sh .scacldj;
i%;%fha
fha fidajdka m,h ms,sn| oelafjk úia;rh
ta wkqj hfula ilaldh osáÜ úÉlsÉpd iS,ìn; mrdudi lshk ixfhdack O¾u
ìos,dkï Tyq fidajdka jYfhka olaj,d ;shkjd
oeka biafi,a,d wms woyila .ïuq ilaldh osáÜh lshkafka fudllao lsh,
t;fldg wks;a ixfhdack O¾u .ek;a wjfndaOhla kslïu taú
n,kak u.ks ks $WmßmKaKdilfha $ foajoy j¾.fha$ uyd mqkaku i%;%h
fu;k b;du fyd|g lsh, ;shkjd fï mxpialkaOh wd;auh jYfhka .ekSu ilaldh
osáÜh lsh,
t;fldg oekgu wms okakjd f,dalh lshkafka fï nThla mukjQ isrer ke;skï fï
kdu rEm f.dv fyj;a mxpialkaOh lsh,
t;fldg fï mxpialkaO wd;au jYfhka .ekSu ilaldh osáÜhkï
tfyukï wksla me;af;ka fï f,dalh ;=, fkdfjkiaj fõokd ix{d ú{dk we;sjk
flfkla ú|sk flfkla fï f,dalh ;=, bkakjd lsh,d ms,s.ekSu
fï uf.a lh fiiq f,dalfha uf.a wïud ;d;a;d ifydaorhd wdoS jYfhka .ekSu
ish¨u ú|Sï ug we;sjk ú|Sï f,i .ekSu ;uhs fï ilaldh osáÜh
tfyukï fïl lefvkak kï wms ys;k fï f,dalh .ek kshu wjfndaOh ,efnkak
Tsks
tkï nqÿoyu lkg meñks,d f,dalh mxpialkaOh ms,sn| h:d wjfndaOh ,efnkjd
oeka tfykï kslïu meyeos,s fkao fï f,dalh .ek we;s oDYAGsuh fjkila lsh,
ilaldh osáÜh ke;sùu
uu fu;k úÉlsÉpd iS,ìn; mrdudi úia;r lrkak hkafk keye
kuq;a fu;kos;a meyeos,s lr.kak Tsks fidajdka fjkjd lshkafka nqÿ oyu
lkg meñks,d mqoa.,hd;=, f,dalh ms,sn| we;sjQ oDYaGsfha fjkialï mokïlrf.k

127
uhs fidajdka m,h úia;r lr, ;sfhkafk
f;jkqj oeka ;j;a i%;% foaYkdjl fidajdka m,h úia;r fj,d ;shk úosh n,uq
i.ks
ks $Tlalka;s ixhq;a;fha $ plaLq j¾.fha$ plaLq i%;%fha fida;dmkakh ms,sn|
lr, ;shk úia;r n,uq
“uyfkks
wei wks;Hhs fmrf,k iq¨hs fjkiajk iq¨hs
lk wks;Hhs fmrf,k iq¨hs fjkiajk iq¨hs
kdih wks;Hhs fmrf,k iq¨hs fjkiajk iq¨hs
osj wks;Hhs fmrf,k iq¨hs fjkiajk iq¨hs
lh wks;Hhs fmrf,k iq¨hs fjkiajk iq¨hs
uk wks;Hhs fmrf,k iq¨hs fjkiajk iq¨hs

hfula fï O¾uh fufia woyhs kï Tyq ioaOdkqidÍ lshkq ,efì

wd¾h ud¾.hg msúisfhah.mD:ck N+ñfhka bj;a jQfhah.i;amqreI N+ñhg
nei.;af;ah.
hfula fï o¾Ikh fufia okSo Tyq ksh; iïfndaêh fl,jr fldg
we;s fida;dmkakhls.”
fu;kos n,kak fudlla .eko fï lshkafka lsh,

i.ks
ks $ foaj;d ixhq;sfha $ wkaO j¾.fha $ f,dal i%;%h lsh, i%;%hla ;shkjd
tys b;du meyeos,sj ;shkjd f,dalh lshkafk fï wdh;k yh lsh,
tfyukï wks;Hhs fmrf,k iq¨hs fjkia fjk iq¨hs
fï lshkafka fudkjd .eko? f,dalh .ek
;j me;a;lska lshjqkd mxpialkaOh lshkafk f,dalhg lsh,
wksla me;af;ka tl ú{dkhla ;=, mxpialkaOh ;shkjd lshk tl nqÿrcdkka
jykafia b;du meyeos,sj lsh, ;shkjd
t;fldg fï ú{dk yokafk ljqo? fï b¯shka yh
tfyukï fï f,dalh yg.ekSug fya;=jkafk bka¯shka yh
ta yg.kakd foh “f,dalh” th wks;H fmrf,k iq¨hs fjkiajk iq¨hs lsh, ;uhs
nqÿrcdkka jykafia foaYkd lf,a
tfyukï fï fudkjd .eko fï lkg jeá, ;sfhkafk? f,dalh .ek
oeka meyeos,s fkao fida;dmkakhd.ek
fu;k;a Ndú;d lr, ;sfhkafka f,dalh ms,sn| oekSu mokï lr.;a úia;r
lsÍula lsh,

isõfjkshg oeka n,kak i.ks

ks$ osáGs ixhq;sfha$ fida;dmkak j¾.fha lsh, ;shk tl
fuys i%;% .kkdjlu woyi .;a;yu fukak fï úoshg fk tkafk
rEm fõokd i{d ixldrd ú{dk ks;H fkdjk nj oekf.k wd;auhla fï
mxpilkaOfha ke;s nj oek ielh ÿre jqfha kï ta Y%djlhd fida;dmkakhls
fu;k b;du meyeos,s fkao fï l:dlrkafk mxpialkaOh fyj;a f,dalh ms,sn|j
lsh,
tfykï fï úia;r lsÍfu;a moku jkafka fï f,dalh ms,sn|j we;sfjk hï
oekSula

miafjkshg n,uq fuhsg;a fjkia úia;r lsÍula ;shkjd i.ks

ks $nkaOl j¾.fha$nkaOl
ixhq;sfha$ WmßmKaKdilfha $ w;a; j¾.fha $ fida;dmkak i%;%fha ta wkqj
“uyfkks fï Wmdodk ialkaO myls uyfkks hï fyhlska wd¾h Y%djlhd fï
Wmdodk ialkaOj, we;sùu ke;sùu wdiajdoh wdoSkj ksiairkh;a ;;=fia okSo
uyfkks fï wd¾h Y%djlhd i;r wmdfha fkdjefgk ksh; jYfhka iïfndaêh
msysg fldg we;s fidajdka jQjl= hhs lshkq ,efì”

128
uu ys;kafk fu;kos mxpWmdodkialkaOh ms,sn| oekf.k fï meyeos,s lsÍu .ek
ys;, n,uq
Th f.d,af,d oeka okakjfk mxpialkaO lshkafka tl wruqkla oekSug
m;ajk ls%hdj,shg lsh,
b¯shka wruqkq yd .egqkyu fï É;a; lshk Yla;sh we;sfj,d ls%hd iuqyhla
isÿfjkjd
rEm fõokd ix{d ixldrd ú{dk lshk ialkaO iuqyh we;sùu
fï Yla;Ska ialkaO Wfka ke;skï wruqkq ms,sn| oekSu yg.kafka keye
rEm tkï fï wdfmda f;afcda jdfhda mGú lshk Yla;s ialkaOùu ;=, ;uhs
wjldYh ÿr ,. ishqï f.dfrdaiq jYfhka fN!;sl;ajh yg.kafk
tkï jia;=jla fN!;slj oekSug yiqjkafka
wksl kdu O¾u yg.;a;d lshkafka Yla;s ialkaOùu ;=, w;S; wkd.; j¾;udk
jYfhka ld,hg ne|Su ke;skï ú|Skakd we;sùu
fï ;uhs oekSu yg.ekSu
f,dalh iuqoh
wm f,dalh w;aú|skafk kdu rEm ld,h wjldIh jYfhka
n,kak u.ks ks $ foajoy j¾.fha $ uydmqkaku i%;%h u;l ;shd.kak fï kdu rEm
f.dv tlg ne|s, ;shkfldg wruqkq yd .eá, mxpialkaO fyj;a fï oekSï fm,
w;aú|Sï fÌ;%h yg.kakjd fï mxpialkaO
kuq;a Th lshk mxpialkaOh fkfuhs nqÿrcdkka jykafia ÿlhs
lsõfj
mxpWmdodkialkaOh ÿlhs lsõfj
fï fofla fjki fudllao
n,kak biafi,a,d lsõj uyd mqkaku i%;%fha mxpWmdodkialkaOh .ek fudllao
lsh, ;sfhkafk lsh,
t;k b;du meyeos,s j ;shkjd fï mxpialkaOh flf¾ hï Pkaohla, rd.hla
leue;a;la we;ao th Wmdodkh lsh,
fï lshkafk fudllao
wm w;aú|sk fï w;aú|Sula tkï mxpialkaOhla .;a;yu “uu” “uf.ah” lsh,d
nodf.k ;kaydfjka w,a, .kak iajNdjhg ;uhs fï Wmdodk lshkafk
wms uq,ska lsõjd mxpialkaO lshkafk Yla;s ialkaOfj,d kdu rEm ld, wjldI
lshk y;r tl;=j ,ndfok w;aú|Su lsh,
fï ;=, Yla;s tl;=ùula fjkafk fï fya;=m, jYfhka fï w;aú|Su ,ndfokafk
mj;sk ú{dk mrmqr ;shkjdkï mukhs
fu;k f;rla ke;sj w;rla ke;=j .,dhk fï mxpialkaO mrmqr fya;=m,
jYfhka isÿjqk ls%hdj,shla
ta ;=, ;uhs fï oekSu ,efnkafka lsh, wmg f;arfkafka keye
fï fõ.j;a isÿùï mrmqfrys we;s udhdldÍ nj fïlhs
fï fya;=m, jYfhka isÿjk ls%hd iuQyh ;=, ú|Su tlla ú|Skakd ;j flfkla
lsh, wmg f;afrkjd
fï ld,h wjldIh lshk ksh; idol fol ksid wmg jegfyk ;;ajh
oeka uu flfkla ú|skafkla bkakjd lsh, f;arfk ksid ;uhs yeu w;aú|Sulau ug
isÿjk tajd lsh, i,l, fïl nod.kak yokafk
oeka fudlo fjkafk fï mxpialkaO jYfhka tl;=jqk Yla;sh úfhdackh fjkafka
ke;=j ixfhdackh fjkjd
ta ksid Wmdodk jQ Yla;shg hula ixialrkh l, yelshs tkï kej; kdu rEm
yokak mq¨jks
fï oeka fudkjdo ixialdr yefokjd
oeka wms uq,ska lsõjdfkao kdu rEm lshkafka mxpialkaOh tkï fï f,dalh lsh,
oeka n,kak fï f,dal iuqoh fkao
tfyukï mxpWmdokialkaO .ek oek.kakjd lshkafka

129
fï fudkjd .eko oek.kafka? f,dalh .ek
oeka n,kak fï fidajdka m,h ,nkak fya;=fjkafk f,dalh .ek oek .ekSu
fkfjhso lsh,

yhfjkshg wms ;j;a wldrhl fida;dmkakh ms,sn| úia;r lsÍula .ksuq

hï wd¾h Y%djlfhla nqÿka oyï i.=ka flf¾ .=k oek meyeoSulska hqla;j wßhldka;
YS,fha msysghso Tyq fida;dmkakhl= jYfhka i.ks
ks $ fida;dmkak ixhq;a;fh$a fõ¿oajdr
j¾.fha$ ish¨u i%;%j, mdfya úia;r lr, ;shkjd
fu;k ;sfhkfoa n,kak
nqÿka oyï i.=ka flf¾ .=koek meyefokjd lshkafk ioaOdkqidÍj fï .uk hk
flkdg
uq,skau nqÿ.=k oek.kakjd
ta ;=, we;sjqk i¾Odj ksid oyu tys .=k oek .kakjd
oeka fï oyu fudkjd .eko lshkafka
ÿL .ek
ÿL fudllao? fï ixialdr O¾u
ixialdr O¾u yeÿfk fldfyduo? fï mxpialkaO Wmdodkh lr, ixfhdack l, ksid
mxpialkaO lshkafka kdu rEm fyj;a fï f,dalh
oeka fï l:dlrkafk;a fudlla .eko f,dalh .ek
fï f,dalh .ek oekf.k fï nqÿrcdkkjykafia ñka ñfokak foaYkd l, m%;sm;a;s
mqrk wh .ek;a n,kjd
icSù f,i fï uf.ys hk wh ljqo? i.=ka
ta f.d,af,d ;uhs fï m%;sm;a;sh ksjeros nj wmsg m%dfhda.slj fmkakk wh
fï ksid ;uhs wm i.=ka flf¾ .=k oek meyefokafka
fukak oeka f,dalh .ek jegySu ;shkjd m%dfhda.sl Wodyrk olskjd
oeka ys;kjd wd¾hhka leu;s wd¾h njg m;alrjk iS, m%;smod rlskak
oeka fu;k f,dalh ms,sn| jegySu yd mqrk m%;sm;a;s lshk mokï folu wrf.k
;uhs fidajdka m,h .ek úia;r fjkafk

y;afjkshg ñg;a fjkia úia;rhla i.ks ks $ fida;dmkak ixhq;a;fha$ fõ¿oajdr j¾.fha

$ ÿ;shidßmq;a; i%;%fha
h ;shkjd
fuysoS “idßmq;a; fida; kï ljf¾o? fida;kï wd¾HIAGdx.sl ud¾.hhs
fida;dmkakhdkï ljf¾o?fï wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.hg ms,smkakd jYfhka
olaj,d ;shkjd”
fu;k b;du meyeos,s fkao ork, mqrk m%;sm;a;sh uq,alrf.k ;uhs fï úia;r
lsÍu lr,d ;sfhkafka
kuq;a fu;kos;a n,kak wd¾h wYaGdx.sl ud¾.fha m,uq wx.h fudllao lsh,
tkï iïud osáGsh tkï ksjeros oelSu o¾Ikh
tfyukï fï oDYaGSh we;sfjkafka wdrïNfhaoS oekSu ;=,ska
tfyukï fudlla .ek oekSu ;=,skao fï oDYaGSh we;sfjkafka
p;=rd¾H i;Hh .ek ÿl ÿl we;sùug fya;=j jYfhka
ÿl fudllao? fï f,dalh fkao, ixialdr O¾u fkao
tfyukï fu;kos;a fidajdka m,h úia;r lr, ;sfhkafka f,dalh ms,sn|
we;slr.;a; oekSu;a ta ;=,ska mqoa.,hd fhduqjk m%;sm;a;s uq,a lrf.k
t;fldg wms fu;k .;af; i%;% msglh ;=, we;s fidajdka m,h ms,sn| oelafjk
úúO w¾:l:k lsysmhla fï jf.a úúO oDYaGS fldak j,ska w¾: ksrEmkh jqkq
;eka uy;a rdYshla i%;%msglh mqrdu ;shkjd
kuq;a Th yeu tllau lsh, ;sfhkafk nqÿ oyu lkg meñkSu ;=, mqoa.,hd ;=,
f,dalh ms,sn| we;slrf.k we;s oekSu fyda Tyq mqrk ork iS, m%;sm;a;s mokï
lr.;a úia;r w¾: oelaùï
fuysoS úfYaIfhka wjfndaO lr.; hq;= fohla ;uhs

130
fidajdka M,hg m;aùfïoS mqoa.,fhla ;=, i;r O¾u jefvkjd ;s%úO ixfhdackh
lefvkjd
fï fome;af;ka fldhsme;af;ka ne¨j;a fida;dmkakhdf.a ,Ìk yÿkd.; yelshs
fï ksid ;uhs i%;% msglh mqrd we;s i%;% j, fida;dmkakhd ms,sn| i|yka jk ;eka
úúO ks¾jpk fokjd hkak wmg yefÕkafka
oeka uu ys;kjd Tng meyeos,s we;s fidajdka m,h we;s jkafka mqoa.,hd ;=,
yg.kakd oDYGsuh fjkilska lsh,d

4-2 fidajdka m,h ms,sn| l:dlsÍfïoS Tn Th úia;r l, f,dalh

ms,sn| ,nd.;hq;= oekSu jYfhka woyia lrkafka l=ulao?
Th f.d,a,kag lshmq úia;r lsÍï rdYshloS úúO wdldrfhka fï ms,sn| úia;r fj,d
;shkjd
kuq;a wms w¨;a msúiqula wrf.k fï f,dalh ms,sn| fudkjdf.a oekSula ,nd
;snqfkdoao, fidajdka fjkafk lshk kj m%úYaGhlska fï .ek n,uq

ug ysf;kjd fu;kos;a nqÿrcdkka jykafia f,dalh lshkafk fudllao lsh, úia;r

lrmq i%;% lsysmhla wrf.k, fï ms,sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd.kak W;aidy lf,d;a fyd|hs
lsh,d
wms .ksuq w.ks
ks/ p;=lal ksmd;fha
d;fha / frdays;iai j¾.fha /,mGu
mGu frdays;iai i%;%fha
nqÿrcdkka jykafia frdays;iai osjH mq;%hdg f,dalh yd f,daldka;h ms,sn|j lsõfj
fudllao lsh,
i{ iys; ukia iys; nThla muk jQ fï YÍrfhau f,dalh;a, f,dalfha iuqoh;a,
f,dalfha ksfrdaOh;a, f,dalfhka ksfrdaOùfï mámodj;a mkjñ lsh, lsõfj
oeka wms ;j i%;%hla n,uq
wms fï W;aidy lrkafka nqÿrcdkka jykafia f,dalh w¾: olajmq úosh wjfndaO
lr.kak
oeka .ksuq i.ks
ks./foa
foaj;d ixhq;sfha$ wkaO j¾.fha /f,da
f,dal i%;%fha fudkjf.a woyilao
olaj,d ;sfhkafka
ta wkqj ivdh;k ksid f,dj yg.;af;ah.
fï lshkafka weia,lka,kdih,osj,lh,uk ksid f,dalh we;sjqkd
;j;a i%;%hla wr.k n,uq
i.ks
ks./ wNsiuh ixhq;sfha /.ym;s
.ym;s j¾.fha/f,dal i%;%h
uyfkks f,dalh yg.ekSu l=ulao?
weiska rEmh;a,lfkka Yìo;a,kdifhka .kaO;a,osfjka ri;a,lfhka fmdáGình;a,ukiska
O¾u;a ksid ú\a\dkh fjhs,
;=kalrefka tl;=j iam¾Ih we;sùuhs,
iam¾Ih we;sùu fõokdj we;sfjkav fya;=fjkjd,
fõokdj ;kaydjg uq,afjkjd
fï ;kaydj ksid f,dal we;sfõ.

uu ys;kjd Thf.d,a,kag oeka fmakjd we;s fï nThla muk isrer ;uhs f,dalh
we;sfjkak uq,afjkafk lshk tl ;uhs woyialr, ;sfhkafk.
t;fldg fï isrer lshkafk fjk úoshlg weia,lka,kdia,osj,lh,uk, wdh;k yh
;j me;a;lska fï wdh;k yh YìO,.kaO,ri,j¾k,iam¾I,Oïu lshk Ndysr wdh;k
yd .eÜu ;=, we;sjk w;aú|Su fyj;a mxpialkaO f,dalfha we;sùfï uq, lsh, lsh,
;sfhkafka.

131
n,kak fï i%;%fha fudkjdo lsh, ;sfhkafka lsh,.i i.ks
ks$rdO ixhq;sfha/rdO j¾.fha
i;a; i%;%h .ksuq.tys oS meyeos,sj lsh, ;shkjd,
/i;a
i;ajhd lshkafka ljqo? lsh, “rEm, fõokd, ix{d, ixialdr, ú{dkfhka hï
pkaohla, hï rd.hla, hï kkaoshla, hï ;kaydjla we;ao, tys we¨fkah, tys ;oska
we¨fkah tneúka i;ajhhs lshkq ,efì
t;fldg fu;k i;ajhd lshkafk mxpialkaOhkays we;s ;kaydj lsh, lshkafk
oeka mxpialkaO yefokafk fldfyduo? wOHd;añl wdh;k yh Ndysr wdh;k yfha
iam¾I jqkdu ;uhs fï mxpialkaO we;sjkafka
t;fldg oeka n,kak wOHd;añl wdh;k fldfyao ;sfhkafka
fï nThla muk jQ isref¾ fkao
nqÿrcdkka jykafia nThla muk jQ isrer fudlla lsh,o lsõfj? f,dalh lsh, fkao
lsõfj
tfykï i;ajhd f,dalh lsh, nqÿrcdkka jykafia woyia lf,a wms woyia lrk
foh fkfuhs
f,dalh lsõjyu wms ys;df.k bkafk br,y|,mD:súh,fi!r.%y uKAv,h pl%djdg jf.a
woyila
kuq;a nqÿrcdkka jykafia f,dalh lsh, lsõfj wfma ys;g wiqjk w;aoelSï fÌa;%hg
fï ms,sn| lsh, ;shk b;du fyd| i%;%foaYkdjla ;shkjd
n,kak i.ksks/;;sh mkakdilfha /f,da
f,dalldu.=k j¾.fha /f,da
f,daldka;.uk i%;%h
hula ksid f,dalfhys f,dalh hk, ye.Su fjhskï, oekSu fjhs kï fuh Ydikfha
f,dalh hhs lshkq ,efì
Bg miafia ta i%;%fha meyeos,sj ;shkj wei, lk, kdih, osj, lh, uk ksid f,dalh
ms,sn| oekSu fõ lsh,
tfykï nqÿrcdkka jykafia f,dalh lsh, woyia lr, ;sfhkafka wms lshk f,dalhg
fkfuhs
fï lshkafka wfma bka¯shka ksid ,nk w;aú|Sï fÌ;%hg ;uhs f,dalh lshkafka,
wmsg w;aúosh yels iSudj ;uhs wfma f,dalh
oeka ys;g .kak tl ;eklos mxpialkaoh ms,sn| ;kaydj i;ajhd lsõjd
mxpialkaOh lshkafka f,dalh lsõjd
fï mxpialkaOj, ;j fnoSï ;shkjd
kdu rEm lshk fnoSug mxpialkaOhu we;=,;a
wdh;k fod,yg mxpialkaofha iïnkaOh Tn okakjd,
Od;= wgf,di lshkafk;a fï mxpialkaO ke;skï f,dalh ms,sn| fjk;a wdldrhl
fnoSula
É;a;, ffp;isl,rEm, lshkafk ;j;a wdldrhl fï i;ajhd f,alh úia;r lrkak
fhdo, ;shk ixl,amhla
fï fudk wdldrhlska lsõj;a f,dalh lshkafka wfma w;aú|Sï fÌa;%hg mrdihg lshk
tlkï b;du meyeos,s
oeka u;lfka wms fï W;aidy lrkafka nqÿrcdkka jykafia f,dalh lsh, lsõfj
fudllao lsh, meyeos,sj oek .kak
wmsg oeka fmdä wjfndaOhla wdj fï w;aú|Sï fÌa;%h ;uhs nqÿrcdkka jykafia
f,dalh lsh, woyia lf,a
oeka n,uq wmsg w;aú|Sï fÌa;%h we;sjk úosh
wms oekgu okakjd woyila ;shkjd mxpialkaOh lshkafka l=ulao lsh,
mxpialkaoh we;sfjkafk fldfyduo?wfma wOHd;añl wdh;k wruqkq yd .egqkyu
fï lshkafka fudllao? wfma bka¯shka yeu fudfydf;u wruqkq yd .efgñka mj;skafka
tl wruqklska ;j wruqklg mkskj
fï wdoS f,i f;rla w;rla ke;sj is;a we;slrkjd
mxpialkaOh we;slrkjd
b¯hka wruqkq yd .egqkyu w;aú|Sï we;slrkjd

132
wruqkq .ek oekSula ,nkjd
t;fldg fï lshkafka
w;=re isÿre ke;sj we;sjk oekSï je,la, w;aú|Sï je,la
tfyu ke;akï f,dalh lshkafka i;ajhd lshkafka mxpialkao je,g
fïl wmyeos,skï fyd|g meyeos,s lr.kak fufyu
b¯shla wruqkl .efgkjd
ú{dkhla we;sfjkjd
ta wruqk w;yßkjd
;j wruqklg hkjd
ú{dkhla we;sfjkjd
fu;kos ;j fmdä fohla oek.;af;d;a fyd|hs lsh, ys;kjd
i.ks
ks/ucacsu mkakdilh$ Wmh j¾.fha$ îc i%;%fha meyeos,sj ;shkjd rEm, fõokd,
ix{d, ixialdrd yer ú{dkhla we;sfjkafk keye lsh,.
oeka t;fldg meyeos,s fjkak Tsks wmsg we;sjk yeu w;aú|Sulau mxpialkaohla
t;fldg fï oekSï je, ;uhs f,dalh w;aú|Su
fï oekSï je,g ;uhs i;ajhd mqoa.,hd lsh, kï .ï keoElï odf.k yÿkajkafk
uu ys;kjd fï idlÉPdj oS¾. jqk;a fuh meyeos,sj jgyd.kak tl jeo.;a lsh,
ta ksid ;j ÿrg;a n,uq fï w;aú|Sï fÌa;%h .ek
fï kdu O¾u lshk É;a; ffp;islhkaf.a;a rEm lshk Yßr yd fiiq Ndysr
jia;=j,;a wkafkdakH jYfhka ;shk iïnkaO;djhlska isÿjk wLkav oekSu, w;aú|Sï,
isÿùï ud,djla ;uhs t;fldg fï l:dlrk f,dalh i;ajhd jYfhka ye|skafjkafka
fïl fjk;a úoshlg .;af;d;a b¯shka fyj;a wdOHd;añl wdh;k wruqkq fyj;a Ndysr
wdh;k yd .eáu ;=, rEm É;a; ffp;isl ls%hdj,shla isÿfjkjd
fï isÿùu wLkavj w;rla fkdue;sj ksrka;rj isÿfjñka hk ls%hd j,shla
fukak fï ls%hdj,sh ;uhs wmsg fï f,dalh lshk w;aú|Sfï fÌa;%h ,ndoS,d
;sfhkafka
f,dalh we;sfj,d ;sfhkafka
oeka t;fldg fï ál f;areï .kak
fï w;aú|Sfï fÌa;%h .ek wjidk jYfhka fï f,dalh, i;ajhd ke;skï mxpialkaO
jYfhka l:dlrkak mq¨jka
w;aú|Sï fÌa;%h wNHka;r yd Ndysr wdh;k w;r iam¾Ihla
b¯hkag wruqkq yuqùfuka we;sjk É;a; ffp;isl ls%hdj,shla
tfyu;a ke;skï ialkao my wdh;k fod,y ke;skï Od;= wgf,di uq,afldgf.k bmso
bmso,ì|S ì|S hk w;aú|Sï mrmqrla, oekSï je,la
ke;skï ú|Sï fÌa;%hla jk nj
fyd|hs oeka fï úoSï mrmqr we;slf,a ljqo?b¯hka wruqkq yd .eáu ;=, we;sjqk
mxpialkaO
tfykï oeka f;areï .kak mxpialkao we;sfjkjd lshkafka oekSï we;sfjkjd w;aú|Sï
we;afjkjd lshk tl
wms ;jÿrg;a n,uq fuh isÿjk úosh
u;lfk lsõp fï mxpialkaOh É;a; ffp;isl ls%hdj,shla lsh,
mxpialkao ;=, kdu, rEm folu ;shkjd
t;fldg fï lshk É;a; ffp;isl ls%hdj,sh w;aú|Sula fjkafk ialkaOùu ;=,
fudkjo t;fldg ialkaO fjkafka
fï b¯shka wruqkq yd .eáu ksid my,jk Yla;sh
t;fldg Yla;s ialkaOùu ;=, É;a; ffp;isl rEm ls%hdj,shla ygf.k oekSula
w;aú|Sula njg fmrf,kjd
tu ls%hdj,sh ;uhs rEm, fõokd, ix{d, ixialdrd, ú{dkd lshkafka
oekSu iy isysh lshk fol ,eì, hula w;aú|skjd lsh, f;afrkafka fï Yla;Skaf.a
ialkaOùu ;=, yg.kakd É;a; ffp;isl ls%hdj,sh ksid

133
oeka n,uq u.ksks/Wmßmkakdilfha /fojoy
fojoy j¾.fha$ uyd mqkak i%;%fha
h fï ms,sn|
nqÿrcdkka jykafia lshk foa
w;S; wkd.; j¾;udk ld,;%hg wh;a we;=,;jqo, ndysr jQo, uy;ajQ, ishï jQ, ,dul
jQ fyda m%kS; jQ ÿrjQ fyda ,. jQ fyda hï rEmhla fõo fuh rEm ialkaO fõ.
w;S;, wkd.;, j¾;udk ld,;%hg wh;a hï fõokdjla ,ix{djla, ixialdrhla
,ú{dkhla fõo th ú{dk ialkaO kï fõ.
fï jkdys ialkaOhkag,ialkaO hk m%{ma;sh fõ.

fu;k fudllao lsh, ;sfhkafk

rEm .;a;yu lsh, ;shkjd f,dl,= l=vd we;=,;ajQo, NdysrjQo ,dul, m%kS;, ÿr, ,.
jYfhka ;shk yÿkkak mq¨jka ialkaO, rEm lsh,
fï fudllao lshkafk fï w;aú|Su ;=, wjldYh w,a, .;a; jia;= w;aú|skj
fï wfma w;aú|Sug wjldYh ;=, yÿkd.;yelsùu wmg wjldYh ke;skï
fN!;sl;ajh we;sùu
wksl n,kak w;S; wkd.; j¾;udk ld,;%hg wh;a hï fõokdjla, ix{djla,
ixialdrhla, ú{dkhla fõo, th ú{dk ialkaOhhs.
fu;k w¾;h fudllao?Yla;s ialkaOùu ;=, we;sjk fï ffp;isl ls%hdj,sh wmsj
ld,hg n|jkjd
w;aú|Sïj, fmr miq nj yÿkd.;yelsfjkjd
oeka fu;k fudllao fj,d ;sfhkafka
wfma w;aú|Sï mrmqr ;=, wms fï fN!;sl;ajh w;aú|skjd
ld,h w;aú|Skjd rEm ksid wjldIh w,a,.;a; úosh yÿkd.kakjd
kdu ksid ld,h w;aú|skjd
tfykï nqÿrcdkka jykafia fï f,dalh úoshg ú.%ylr, ;sfhkafk fudllao kdu,
rEm, ld,, wjldY lshk y;f¾ tl;=j
oeka wdmiq u;la lr .kak wms fï f;areï .kak W;aidy lrkafk nqÿrcdkka jykafia
fï f,dalh lsh, woyia lf,a fudllao lsh,
wms oeka ta ál iSudlr.;a; w;aú|Sï fÌ;%hg
ta lshkafka f,dalh lshkafka mxpialkaOhla lsh,
mxpialkaO lshk É;a; ffp;isl rEm ls%hdj,sh ;uhs kdu, rEm, ld,, wjldY lshk
fï oefkk f,dalh w;aúoskak i,iajkafka wm ;=, oekSu yd isysh lshk tl we;slr,
lshk fï o, woyi wdj
oeka n,uq fï isoaêh we;s lrkafk ljqo lsh,
fu;k fï ál ysf;a ;shdf.k wjfndaOlr.kak n,kak
rEm, fõokd, ix{d, ixialdr ke;=j ú{dkhla mj;skak neye
t;fldg ú{dkhla we;sfjk yeá wms n,kjd lshkafka uq¨ mxpialkaohu we;sjk
yeá n,k tl
fï ál ysf;a ;shd.k wms n,uq u.ks ks/Wmßmkakdilfha /i,dh;k
i,dh;k j¾.fha /PP Plal
i%;%h.
fu;k ;shkjd weila rEmh;a ksid plaLq ú{dkh WmoS,
ta ;sfokd tlaùfuka iam¾Ih WmoS
iam¾Ih ksid ,fõokdj WmoS
fõokdj ksid ;kaydj WmoS
fï wdoS jYfhka wksla bka¯shka j,;a mxpialkao Wmoskafk
fï lshkafka fudllao b¯shka wruqkq yd .egqkyu Wmosk Yla;s ialkaO ùu ;=,
we;sjkjd É;a; ffp;isl rEm ls%hdj,shla
fï ls%hdj,shg wms lshkjd fya;= m, jYfhka máÉp iuqmamkakj isÿjk ls%hdj,shla
fïl lsh,
fu;k ljqre;a lrjk flfkla keye
lrk flfkla keye

134
tlsfklg fya;= m%;H fjñka f,dal kHdu O¾u ;=, yg .kak ls%hdj,shlska ;uhs wmg
fï w;aúosk f,dalh ,eì, ;sfhkafk
t;fldg Thf.d,a,kag meyeos,s fjkak Tsfk fïl ldf.j;a ueùula fuys úfYaI jQ
mod¾; keye
kuq;a ;sfhkafk fudllao?fï w;aú|Sug ie,eiaiqj f,dalh we;sjqfka fudlla yskaoo?
n,kak fï i%;% mdgfh uq, ;sfhkafk wei;a rEmh;a ksid plaLQ ú{dkh;a WmoS lsh,
tfyukï wei ksid ;uhs ú{dkh fu;k bmÿfka
wei lshkafka wdh;k yfhka tlla
wdh;k yh we;sjqfka fudkjd yskaoo
kdu, rEm, mÉphd, i,dh;k
fï kdu rEm ksid
kdu rEm we;sjQfka ú{dkh ksid
tfykï fï lshk ú{dkh fudllao? fï ;uhs iirg ne|s, wLkavj iir mqrd
.ukalrk ú{dk mrmqr ;uhs kdu rEm yo, i,dh;k yodf.k fï w;aú|Sfï
fÌ;%h ,efnkak fya;= fj,d ;sfhkafka
fï wLKAvj .ukalrk ú{dk mrmqr lsõjyu jeros woyila u;= fjkak mq¨jks
uu ys;kafk fï f,dalh .ek bf.k .kak fldg fu;k;a meyeos,s lrf.k .sfhd;a
fyd|hs lsh,
oeka uu meyeos,s lrkak yokafk ú{dk mrmqr we;sfjù ke;sfjñka hk wdldrhhs
b¯shla wruqk yd .efgkjd,
ú{dkhla Wmoskjd
ta wruqk w;yßkjd
;j b¯shl wruqkla .efgkjd
wdhsu;a ú{dkhla Wmoskjd
ta wruqk w;yßkjd
;j b¯shl wruqkla .efgkjd
wdhsu;a ú{dkhla Wmoskjd
fï fol w;f¾ fjkafjkafk fld;eklskao
fï oekSfï Yla;sh Njdx. .; fjkjd lshk ;ek
t;fldg ú{dkhla we;sfjkjd Njdx. .; fjkjd

ljod yß uefrkjd lshkafka ú{dkhla yg.kakjd

wdmiq Njdx.hg tkak Njdx.h keye
tu Njhg ne|s, b¯úIh;djh we;sl, kdu rEm f.dvla úoshg w,a,f.k
yÿkd.kak mq¨jka úoshg ;snqkq fï w;aú|Sï mrmqrg whs;sjQ Njdx.fha Yla;sh bjrhs

oeka fudlo fjkafk ta wjidkhg we;sjqk ú{dkh ish ú{dkh ;=, jQ

ffp;islhkg idfmaÌj Njhl msysgkjd
oeka ta ú{dkh msysgk Njhg wod,j kdu rEm yÿkd.kakjd
fï ksid wms ta úoshg máikaos ú{dkh lshkjd
oeka ta ú{dkh ;uhs Njh w,a,df.k îch me, lf,a
fï ú{khg Ndjdx.h lshkjd
oeka fï Njdx.hg kej; ú{dk we;slrkak mq¨jks ;ud m;afj,d bkak Njhg
idfmaÌj
t;fldg oeka fï wLkavj hk w;aú|Sï mrmqr tl tl Njhka w,a,f.k w;aú|Sï
,ndf.k hkak mq¨jks
kuq;a oeka wmg w¨;a m%Yakhl tkjd
fï máikaê ú{dkh fldfyduo Njh w,a,f.k kej; kdu, rEm, i,dh;k
we;slrf.k fï ú{dk mrmqr we;slrkafk lsh,
fu;kos kej; máÉp iuqmamdofha tl ixosia:dkhl fïl úia;r fjkjd “ixia
ixialdr
mÉphd ú{dk”
ú{dk fï ixialdrhka ksid fï ú{dk mrmqr we;sjqfka

135
oeka fï ixialdr lshkafka fudllao?tfyukï fï hula ixialrkh ùu ;=, ;uhs fï
ú{dk mrmqrla we;sfjkak fya;= fj,d ;sfhkafk

wms oeka nqÿrcdkka jykafia f,dalh .ek lsõfj fudllao lsh, f;dar.kak yokafk
oeka jeo.;a ;eklg msúfikafk
ta fudllao fï ú{dk mrmqr wLkavj mj;skafk iirg nef|kafk ld,hg wjldYhg
tl;=fj,d w;aú|Sfï ,nfokak fya;=fjkafk fudlo lsh,
oeka u;lfkao uu lsõj mxpialkao lshk É;a; ffp;isl rEm ls%hdj,sh ;=,
w;aú|Sula fjkafk ta ;=,ska yg.kakd oekSu yd isysh yskao lsh,
fï jpk fol;a f;dard.kak tl fyd|hs
oeka n,kak fï folu ke;skï wmsg w;aú|Su iïmQ¾k fjkafk keye
wms o;la .,jkak .shyu tl fldgil oekSu ke;slrkjd kuq;a isysh ;shkjd
wks;a me;af;ka wmsg ie;alula lrkjd kï isysh ke;slrkjd
oeka oekSu isysh folu keye t;fldg hula w;aú|skak fï isysh oekSu ;sìh hq;=hs
ta jf.au mxpialkaoO ú|Sï we;slrkak uq,a fjkafka fï misÿrka weia, lka,kdia
,osj,lh. fï udOHfhka ;uhs fï fiaiq f,dalh .ek f;dr;=re .kafk
kuq;a wfma fï b¯ úIh;djh b;du;au iSud iys;hs
wmsg ñ,. m%Yafk ;uhs b¯hkaf.ka wmsg kshu f;dr;=re ,efnkafk keye
wruqk ms,sn| h:d iajNdjh f;areï .kak
fï .ek fmdä tl Wodyrkhla uu lshkakï
wms ys;uq .sksfma,a,la wrf.k ;;amrhlg jdr odihlska lg jvd jeä fõ.hlska hï
wdlaIhla jgd lerljkjd wms n,d ysáfhd;a wmsg fmakafk .sksj,,a,la úoshg
wksl ;uhs weyeg fmak j¾k udkhla ;shkjd
t;kska tmsg j¾k weyeg fmakafk keye
kuq;a ;shkjd
t;fldg fï mdrdih ;=, ;uhs wmsg b¯hkaf.ka f;dr;=re ,efnkafka
wfma Njdx. is;g wkqj ,eì, ;shk b¯shkag idfmaÌj ;uhs fï b¯sh úIh;djh
úIhjk mrdih ;Srkh fjkafka
ta ;=, ;uhs wms l:dlrk kdu, rEm, ld,, wjldI w;aú|skafk
fïj b;du udhdldÍ
f,dalfha h:d iajNdjh wmsg fï misÿrkaf.ka .%ykh lrkak neye
fïlg fya;=jla ;shkjd
uu ys;kjd f,dalh .ek hula wjfndaOlr.kak yok fï fj,dfj fï b¯úYh;dfõ
iSudjg fya;=ka wjfndaO lr .;af;d;a fyd|hs fï ixialdr lshk tl f;areï .kak
iuQy jYfhka yd mrïmrd jYfhka ,x,xj bmo,bmo ìos ì|S,hk fï fjka fjka jQ
Yla;Ska wmsg fmakafk rdYshla jYfhka f.dvla jYfhka iuQyhla >khla
jYfhka,mod¾; jYfhka Yla;s jYfhka w;aú|skak neye
fï Yla;s mod¾; fjkjd Yla;sfjkjd
fïjd ,x ,xj bmfoñka mj;sñka ke;sfjkjd
fïjd b;du fõ.fhka isÿjk ls%hdiuQyhla
wms fN!;sl f,dalh .;fyd;a tlu fjkiaùfï iajNdjhl mj;skafka
fï fjkiaùu;=, wruqkq ms,sn| ialkaOhla f.dvla jYfhka tllafia fmfkk iajNdjh
;=, ;uhs wms Yìo, .kaO, ri, j¾k, iam¾I jYfhka w;aú|Skafk
t;fldg Yla;s iuQyhla rdYshla f.dvla fia wrf.k ;uhs wruqkla w;aú|Skafka
t;fldg fï wruqk ms,sn| ienE ;;=o keye
wms fu;kos lshkjd wruqkq j, ienE iajNdjh >kj,ska jeys, lsh,
t;fldg fï f,dalfha h:diajNdjh jy, ;shk >k, iuQy >k, lD;H >k, wdrïuk
>k jYfhka
fï lshkafka hï w;aú|Sula iïmQ¾k fjkak Yla;s, ls%hdj,Ska úYd, m%udkhla
tl;=ùula fjkak Tsks
ta tl;=ùu ;uhs mxpialkaO jYfhka w;aú|Sug i,iajkafk

136
ta tl;=ùu ,nk w;aù|Su wmsg oefkkjd úkd tys h:d iajNdjh Yla;s, ialkaOùu yd
thg fya;=jYfhka É;a; ffp;isl rEm ls%hd isoaê j,g fmrf,k yeá wfma b¯
úYh;dfjka n,kak neye
wms ld,h yd wjldYh w,a,f.k hï w;aú|Sula ,nkafk
tkï fjk úoshlg lshkjkï
hï wruqkla b¯hf.dpr fjkafk >k iuQyhla jYfhka ta ke;=j oelafld;a Yla;s
ú;rhs
ialkaO fjkj lshkafk fïl ke;=j fjk fjku .;hq;= w¾;hla keye

oeka n,uq fï ika;;s >kh lshkafk fudllao lsh,

fï f,dalfha we;s kdu rEm ish,a, wfma weig fmakafk tlla úoshg
kuq;a fïjd ;;amrhlg .kka j,ska lshkak neß fõ.fhka fjkia fjkjd
kuq;a wfma b¯shka ;=, we;s iSudldÍ oekSï iajNdjh ksid fï fjkiaùu fjkalr,
yÿk.kak— neye
we;sùfï ke;sùfï fõ.h yÿk.kak neye.
oeka tl jia;=jla ls%hdjla úoshg .kakjd fï oekSu udhdldÍ tfyïmsákau fndre
oekSula
wms mh tiùu .;af;d;a kdu yd rEm O¾u rdYshl iïnkaOhla.
kuq;a wms fjka fjka kdu rEm olskafka keye wmsg ll=, tiùu tl isoaêhla
fjka fjka isoaêud,dj olskafka keye
fï ika;;shla jYfhka bmso bmso, ìos ì|S hk fï É;a; ffp;isl ls%hdj,sh fyj;a
ika;;sh wms tl ls%hdjla úoshg .;a;
fõ.fhka tlla miqmi tlla jYfhka fkdlvjd m;s;ùu b¯shkag úYhjkak neß
fõ.hlska we;sfjkjd, mj;skjd, ke;sfjkjd
fï Yla;s ialkaOùu fjkiaùu
fïjd uql=;a fmakafka keye udhdldÍ ks;H iajNdjhla wms w;aú|skjd
wms olsk w;aú|sk fN!;sl;ajh fï jf.a
fï ika;;s >k
ta wkqj ialkaOùu hkq >k jYfhka oekSu fyj;a bka¯sh úIh;djfha m%;sm,hhs
uhdjhs
ñ,.g n,uq iuQy >k lshk tfla f;areu
rEm .;a;yu th yeos, ;sfhkafka ;onj, ¯j nj, Wkqiqï nj, fi,fjk msïfnk nj
tl;=fj,d
fïjd tl;=fkdù ;shkúg Yla;s úfYAI ¯jH ;;ajhg fmr,s,d keye
wjldYh ;=, mj;skakla fkfjhs
wjldYh w,a,f.k keye
w;aú|skak neye
ld, udkhg yiqfjkafk keye
kuq;a fï Yla;s y;r tl;=jqkdu .=k iajNdjhka tl;=jqkdu j¾k, .kaO, ri, Tscd
lshk .=k y;rla we;sfjkjd
oeka b¯hkag f.dapr fjk w;s ishqï rEm l,dm lshk ialkaO yg .kakjd
kuq;a fuh bka¯úIh ;djh ú;rhs wmsg oefkk iajNdjh >k úoshghs oefkkafk
oeka ¯jH jYfhka weia, lka, kdia, osj, lhg yiqfjkjd oefkkjd
kuq;a Wmamdo Gs;s Nx. jYfhka Yla;s mod¾; fjkjd mod¾; Yla;s fjkjd
fï yeu ¯jHhlau tkï wruqklau jrl Yla;s jrl mod¾; jYfhka oefkkjd
kuq;a fuh ;;amrhlg .kka lrkak neß fõ.hlska ;u iajNdjh fjkia fjñka
hkjd
t;fldg wfma w;aú|Sug fï iajNdjfha yiqjk wjia:dj ;uhs mod¾;uh wjia:dj
ke;akï oekSug yiqjk wjia:dj
fï ld,hg wjldIhg ne|s, w;aú|Sï ,nkafka fï jf.a wlKav fjkia fjñka hk
isoaêhla

137
t;fldg wms Yìo, .kaO, ri, j¾k, iam¾I jYfhka w;aúoskafka fï iuQy >k
iajNdjh ksid
fï YÍrh;a rEm l,dm iuQyhla
fï nj idukH weyeg wmg fmakafka keye
wms fuf;la l:dlf,a rEm fldfyduo >k iajNdfhka jeiSu ksid wjidkfha fï ¯jH
fN!;sl ;;ajh úoshg w;aúoskafka lsh,
kdu O¾u .;a;;a fïluhs
t;k;a bmso bmso, ì|s ì|s hk .kka lrkak neß oekSï iajNdjhka rdYshla tajd
w;r fjka lr, wmsg w;aú|sakak neye
wms fï tl;=j,g ;uhs o;a lelal=uhs, ll=, ßfokjd,fl%daOh, lrekdj Th
wdoS jYfhka úúO kï j,ska yÿkajkafka
fï tl lelal=ula oefkkak lrekdjla we;sfjkafk
fï f,i É;a; ffp;isl rEm .kka lrkak neß ;rula we;sfj,d ;uhs ta oekSu
ye.Su we;sfjkafka
fï ;uhs iuQy >kh kdu rEm j, ienE;;= iuqy;ajh lshk >k iajNdjhlska jeys,
wfma w;aú|Su tfyï msákau udhdldÍ fkao?
oeka n,uq lD;H >kh
n,uq fï lD;H >kh lshkafk fudllao lsh,
hï ls%hjla .;af;d;a ta ls%hdj lshkafka É;a; Yla;s úYd, m%udkhla hï úêhlg
ialkaOfj,d ;uhs ta ls%hdj we;sfj,d wms w;aú|skafk
Wodyrkhla n,uq
w;la Wiaikjd lshk tl w;la biafikak fï Yla;s .kka l, fkdyels ;rï
m%udkhla ialkaO ùu ;=, we;s jQ m%;sM,hla
wms fï É;a; ffp;isl rEm ls%hdj,sh tl ;ks ls%hdjla úoshg w;aúoskjd
fï lshkafka wms w;aú|sk ls%hdjka uy;a wm%udkjQ Yla;s iuQyhl tl;=jla
oeka n,kak fu;k;a úúO fya;= m%;H;a u; isÿjk fï wm%udk jQ É;a; ffp;isl
rEm ls%hdj,sh b¯sh úYh;djfha iSudj ;=, ;ud wms jevlrkjd ls%hdlrkjd jYfhka
w;aú|skjd lshkafka
fu;k ;j jeo.;a fohla ;shkjd yÿk .kak
f,dalfha ks;H jYfhka fmak f.dvla foa tfia jegfykafka wms oekg hï isák
fjkiafjñka hk fõ.hla tkï p,kh jk fõ.hla ;shkjdkï, fiiq ;udf.ka msg
ish¨u jia;= .;a;;a tu fõ.fhkau fï p,khg fjkiaùug Ndckh fj,d ;sfhkafk
fïl yßhg fukak fï jf.a ys;kak
ld¾ tll wms jdäfj,d wdikhg we,s, hk fldg jdykh mehg ie;mqï yeglg
hkjd kï
ld¾ tl;a mqo.,hd;a tlg fõ.fhka hk ksid ld¾tfla jdäfj,d hkjd lshk ls%hdj
isoaêh wms w;aolskjd.
kuq;a ys;kak ñksyd wdikfhka ld¾ tflka t,shg tkak mq¨jka fj,d YÍrh Wvg
.;af;d;a ld¾tfla fõ.h mehg ie;mqï yeg jqkdg oeka ñksyd hk fõ.h wkqj
ld¾tl tlaflda myqfjhs,
biair fjhs ke;skï ìu jeá, ;sfhaú
fukak fï Yla;s mod¾; ùfï fõ.h wksla isoaêj,g we;s idfmaÌ;dj u; ;uhs
w;aú|Sfï iajrEmh ;Srkh fjkafka
tfykï f;areï .kak b¯shkag fï oekSu .kak mq¨jka fõ.h wvqjeä ùu u; wfma
ixfõoS mrdih fjkia fjkjd
fï ksid ;uhs úúO i;aj fldáGdi úúO w;aú|Su iajNdjhka mj;skafka
oeka n,uq wdrïuk .kh lshk tl
is;ska .kakd wruqkq rdYshla ;uhs wms tl wruqkla úoshg .;af;a
oeka plpq ú{dkhla we;sfjkak fldfyduo n,uq
fï oelSu ms,sn| wjfndaOh fï wruqk flf¾ keuqkq uy;a jQ É;a; Yla;s ialkaOùula
É;a; ffp;isl rEm ls%hdj,shl m%;sm,hla

138
t;fldg É;a; Yla;Ska wm%udkjQ ixLHdjla tl;=ùfuka ;uhs plaLq ú{dkh lshk
oelSu w;aú|skafka
oeka u;lo wms fld;kskao fï b¯úIh;djfha iSudldÍ udhdldÍ nj l:d lrkak
.;af; lsh,
wms n,kak yeÿfj ixialdr we;sfjkafka fldfyduo lsh,
wms oeka wdhsu;a fmdävla u;lalrf.k huq fï nThla mukjQ f,dalh,
tkï mxpialkao fyj;a w;aú|Sfï mrmqr,we;slrkafka fï wfma ;shk misÿrka
wdOdrfhka
ke;akï m%ido fyj;a f,dalh .ek oefkk jegfyk ;eka wdOdr fldgf.k
kuq;a fï b¯hkaf.a iSud iys; úIh iajNdjh ksid fï ,efnk oekSu f,dalh ms,sn|
,nk w;aú|Sï udhdldÍ
wms h:d iajNdjh fkdfjhs w;aú|skafka
fya;=j wfma w;aú|Sï >k j,ska jeys,
fï udhdldÍ w;aú|Sï;=, oeka fï wmsg we;sjk mxpialkao ms,sn| wms jeros ;Srk
.kakjd ta ;uhs
fï ;shk w;aú|Sk lh uf.a Ndysr fiiq f,dalfha fï jf.a lhj,a ¯jH iajNdjhka
;shkjd
ug fõokd oefkkjd,ug u;la lrkak mq¨jka,yÿk .kak mq¨jka,ys;kak
mq¨jks,l:dlrkak mq¨jks,ug hula wjfndaO fjkjd ug wefykjd,fmakjd,oefkkjd
fï ú|Sï ÿlhs,iemhs,Wfmalalhs,oeka wms fï fudllao lrkafk wms w;aúosk foa
ms,sn|j mxpialkaO ms,sn|j wfma ;Srkh lr, ;shkjd
fïjd ks;Hj mj;skjd, fu;k fï ish,a, lrk lrjk úosk uu bkakjd,
ta ksid fï mxpialkaO j,ska iem ú|skak mq¨jks
fï fudllao wms lrkafka wfma b¯úIh;djfha iSudiys; nj ;=, fï mxpialkaOh
ks;Hhs.wd;auh iqLhs lsh, .kakjd.
wms uq,os l:dfjñka wdfj fï mxpialkao lshkafka Yla;s f.dvla
tlu fõ.hlska fjkaifjñka mj;skakla lsh, tkï wks;Hhs.
ta jf.au fï we;sjk mxpialkao ug uf.a lsh, .kak fohla fkfuhs
fïl fya;= m%;Hla u; we;sfjñka ke;sfjñka hk É;a; ffp;isl rEm isoaê iuQyhla
fu;k ú|skafkla ú|jkafkla keye
fukak fu;k u;la lr.kak mxpialkao we;sùu ;=, oekSu iy isysh we;sfjkjd
lsõjd
fu;k wmsg oekSu ms,sn| isysh fudllao ug oefkkjd lsh, f;afrk tl
fïl ;uhs hula oefkkafk, wefykafka,olskafka ta ms,sn| isysfhka ysáfhd;a mukhs
fï oekSu yd isysh tl;=ùu ksid ;uhs fï mxpialkao mrmqr uu úoskjd lsh,
f;afrkafka
fï oekSu isysh ;=, ;uhs ld,h wjldYh iu. kdu rEm .ek jegfykafka
fïl Yla;Ska ialkaO ùul m%;sm,hla
ta mxpialkaoh ;=, uu bkakjd lsh, jegfykjd fïl f;areï .kak neß ksid
t;fldg fufyu ys;kak tl mxpialkaohla we;sfjkjd
ta tlalu miqmiska ;j tlla we;sfjkjd
oeka biafi,a,d mxpialkaoh ;=, w;aúkao uu ta Yla;s iuQyh t;k bjrhs
oeka ñ,. mxpialkaofha uu.fï wdoSjYfhka we;sjk wLkav úoSï mrmqr ;=, uu
bkakjd lsh, ys;k tl ;uhs fï mxpialkao wd;au jYfhka .ekSu lshkafka. kuq;a
fïl fya;=m, mrmqrla wd;auhla keye
fï w;aú|Su wks;Hhs fjkiajkj wkd;auhs fu;k ljqre;a keye fïl ksire fohla
nodf.k w,a,.kak tl ÿlhs
kuq;a wms mxpialkao w;aúosk fldg Th lshk ialkaOùï,wks;H fjkiajk
iajNdjh,fya;=m, nj tys ksire nj TSjd fudlj;a b¯shúYh;djg yiqfjkjdo?keye

139
ta ksid fudlo fjkafka fï ,nk w;aú|Sï ug isÿfjkafka lsh, wd;au oDIaáfhla
.kakjd
oeka wd;au w¾:h we;sfj,d
oeka yeu fohlau ug ;Dma;su;a lrkak uq,afj,d,oeka ;kaydj we;sfj,d
fï w;aú|Su mxpialkao uf.a lsh, nodf.k Wmdodkh lrkjd
fï w;aú|Sï mxpialkaO lsh, uf.a lsh, nod f.k Wmdodkh lr .kakjd
fï mxpialkao lshkafka fudkjdo?É;a; Yla;sfka
oeka uf.a lsh, nod .;a;yu,Wmdodkh lrkjd lshkafk fudllao
b¯shka wruqkq yd .eá, we;sjqkd É;a; Yla;s É;a; ffp;isl rEm ls%hdj,shg Ndckh
fj,d ialkaO fj,d w;aú|Su ,ndfokjd
kuq;a ta msßisÿ Yla;s wdmiq msßisÿ Yla;s njg hkak fkdoS,tajd uf.a lsh, nodf.k,
tkï fï ialkO jQ Yla;s f.dkak wmjgd Wmdodkh lr, tlg tlla n|j,d
ixfhdack lr,
oeka kej; ;snqkd Yla;sj,g úfhdackh fjkak bvla keye.
ta Yla;s wmsßisÿ fj,d ixfhdackh fj,d kej; msßisÿ É;a; Yla;s f.dvg tl;=fjkak
neye.
fu;k fjkafk wms ;rx. ixfla;k lrkjd jf.a uf.a lsh, fï mxpialkao ;=,
f.dakqjQ jQ Yla;s tl;=lr ixfhdackh lrkjd uf.a kug ixfla;kh lrkjd.
t;fldg fï msßisÿ Yla;s njg úfhdackh fkdjQ fï mxpialkao ;=, Yla;s tl
f.dkaklg noskjd
fï ;uhs iuia; fkdneÿkq Yla;sfhka fjkafj,d mD;ckNdjhg yeß, uu f,dalfhka
fjkafj,d
Bg miafi fufyu Yla;s ixfhdackh jqkyu hula w¨;ska we;slsÍfï yelshdj fï ;=,
;shkjd
ta ksid fïjdg lshkjd ixialdr,É;a; Yla;s WmdOdkh jqk f.dvj,a.
fï f.dvj,a whs;s fï mj;sk ú{dk mrmqrg
fudlo thdfk fïl ixfla;kh lf,a uf.a lsh,
oeka fuf;kaos fï ms,sn| i%;%mdGhl ;shk úêh;a ne¨fjd;a fyd|hs ug ysf;kafk
n,uq i.ksks/i,dh;k j¾.fha/;;sh mkakdilfha$ iuqoh j¾.fha/fldáGs; i%;%h
fu;kos ießhq;a yduqÿrefjda lshkjd wei rEmhg ixfhdackh fkdfjhs rEmh weig
ixfhdackh fkdfjhs.ta fol ksid hï pkao rd.hla WmoSkï th ixfhdackhls.
oeka meyeos,sfka fï ixfhdackfha lshkafka pkaord.h leue;a; we,Su lsh,
n,kak uq,os;a i|yka jqk uyd mqkau i%;%h fu;k b;du meyeos,sj ;shkjd
WmdodkialkaOhkays hï pkaohla rd.hla weoao th tys Wmdodkhhs.
n,kak oeka meyeos,s fkao fï Yla;s ixfhdackh lrkafk fï Wmdodk lsh,.
oeka n,kak fï we;sjqk mxpialkaoh w;aú|Sula we;slrk Yla;sj, tl;=j uu lsh,
;kaydj Wmdodkh we;sjqkyu
ta ialkaohkag wms lshkjd mxpWmdodk ialkao lsh,
tkï kej; msßisÿ Yla;s njg yefrkak ke;s Yla;s f.dvj,a fïjd.
kej; hï ixialrkhla lrkak mq¨jks,ixialdr,
fïjdg kej; kdu rEm we;sl, yels Yla;sh ;shkj,îchla weghla jf.a.
t;fldg oeka fyd|g wjfndaOlr.kak fï we;sjk mxpialkao uuh lsh, ;kaydfjka
Wmdodkh l, ksid Yla;s ixfhdack jqkd
tajdg ixialrkh lrkak mq¨jka kdu rEm.
ta lshkafka ta ixialrkh jqk Wmdodkh iys; ú{dkh ;uhs Njhla w,a,f.k kej;
me,fj,d kej; w;aú|Sï mrmqr we;sl, yelafla.
t;fldg fukak fï ixialdr ;uhs ixialdr mÉphd ú{dk lsõfj.
t;fldg mqoa.,fhl= urkfhaoS wjidkfha we;sjk ú{dkh tkï mxpialkaoh ;=,
pkaord.h ;shkjd kï Wmdodkh iys;kï Yla;s ixfhdack fj,d tkï ixialrkh
l,yels ta ú{dkhg ;uhs kdu rEm kej; we;sl, yelafla.

140
fukak fï ixialdr lr yels ú{dkh .ek l:d lrkak ;uhs wms fï mxpialkaO mxp
WmdodkialkaO fjkafk fldfyduo lsh, oS¾> úia;rhla lrkak jqfka.
kuq;a wfma fï Wmdodk ialkao .ek lrmq úia;rh iïmQ¾k keye fukak fï ál;a
fkdlsõfjd;a.

oeka wms l:dlr,d fï w;aú|Su mrmqr fyj;a mxpialkao ;kaydfjka nod.;a;yu

Wmdodkh we;sfjkjd
t;fldg tajd mxpWmdodk ialkaO lsh, uu lsõjd
fuf;kaos fj,d ;sfhkafka uf.ah lsh, f,an,a tlla .eyqjd jf.a fohla
ke;akï ;rx. ixfla;kh l,d jf.a
ta jf.au fï Yla;s tl;=jqkdg kej; ljodyß úfhdackh fjkjd
hxls[aÉ iuqoh Oïux iìnx ;x ksfrdaO Oïux”
“hxls Oïux
yg.;a yeu fohlau úkdI jkjd hkak fuys woyi.
fu;k tl;=jqk fï Yla;s ialkaO ixialdr kej; Yla;snjg yefrkafk kdu rEm
we;sfj,d.
kuq;a fï tl;= jQ Yla;s ixfla;lf,a uf.a kug
oeka fjk ldgj;a fïjd úfla;k lrkak neye
tfykï fï wkkH;djhlska hq;=j Nj.dñj .ukalrk fï Yla;s f.dv ú{dk mrmqr
;uhs fïjd úfla;kh lrkafka
fjk úoshlska lshkjd kï fï mrmqr fkdlvjd f.kshkak Woõlrkafk fï WmdodkjQ
ialkaO fyj;a ixialdr
kuq;a u;l ;shd.kak ish¨ ixialdr kefik jefik iq¨hs
fï tl;= jQ Yla;s kej; Yla;snjg fmrf,kjduhs

oeka wms wdhsu;a uq,g tuq.

nqÿrcdkka jykafia olajmq fï w;aú|Sï fÌa;%h ;uhs mxpialkaO
ta mxpialkao Wmdodkh lr.;a;yu mxpWmdokialkao we;sfjkjd
ta ksid kej; tu w;aú|Sï fÌa;%h ,ndfokak mq¨jka fï Wmdodk ialkao j,g,
fudlo?Wmdodk fj,d ixfhdackh fj,d ixialdr fj,d
tfykï kej; f,dalh iuqohg weú,a,
fïl fkdlvdj f;rla ke;sj hk ú|Sï mrmqrla fïlg wms lshkjd iir lsh,.
wks;a me;af;ka .;a;yu uq¨ nqÿoyu mqrdu jf.a lshfj,d ;sfhkafka ialkaO, wdh;k,
Od;=j,, ksrka;r ls%hd;aul ùu tkï É;a; ffp;isl rEm ls%hdj,sh ;uhs fï f,dalh
w;aú|Sï mrmqr oekSï fÌa;%h lshkafk
fïl we;sfjñka ke;sfjñka fkdlvdj hk mxpialkao je,la
fu;k fya;= m, jYfhka we;sjk oekSu isysh we;sùfï ls%hdj,shla úkd fu;k uu
flfkla w;aú|skafkl= fï ls%hdj,sh lrjkafkl= keye
fï ld,h wjldIh lshk udhdj ;=, we;sjk w;aú|Sï
fïjd f;areï .;af; ke;sj ;uhs ñ;Hd oDYaáj, meg,efjkafk
wms oeka oS¾> jYfhka l:dlf,a fidajdka m,h ,nkakl= ;=, we;s f,dalh ms,sn|
oekSu fudkjf.ao lsh, wjfndaO lr.kak.
oeka u;lfk iìndidj i%;%fh lshjqk foa.
o¾Ikfhka myl, hq;= wdY%j hgf;a olaj,d ;sfhkafka ilaldh osáGsh.
t;fldg ;j ;eklos wms oek.;a;,rEm fõokd ix{d ixialdrd ú{dkd wd;auh
jYfhka .ekSuhs ilaldh osáÜh.
wksla me;af;ka uq¨uy;a foig ñ;Hd oDYaGshu we;af;a ilaldh osáGsh uq,alrf.k
nj i.ksks/É;a; ixhq;sfha /É;a
É;a; j¾.fha/ÿ;sh biso;a; i%;%fha i|yka fjkjd.
tfykï fï mxpialkao ;=, fï i;aj, mqoa.,, wd;au, ke;akï uu flfkla ke;s nj
oek.ekSu ;uhs Th lshk f,dalh ms,sn| oek .kSu ke;skï iuHla oDYaGsh.
oeka tfyukï wmsg ;j m%Yakhlg uqyqk fokak fjkjd

141
wms lshk w;aú|Sï mrmqr ;=, i;ajhl=, mqoa.,fhl= ke;skï fï ixidrh ;sfhkafk
ldgo? nqÿrcdkka jykafiag l,am wkQ tlla msámiaig ne,sh yelsjQfha l=ula mokï
lrf.ko?ixidrh ksfrdaOh lrkafk ljqo,nqÿùug fmreï msrE mdrñ O¾u ms,sn|
.eg¿ we;sfjkafka keoao
fmr lo úiQ ;eka ms,sn| {dkfhka jevla ;sfhkjdo?
oeka l¾u jdoh Tmamq lrkafk fldfyduo?
m%Yak rdYshla fkao?
kuq;a fïl úi|.kak fyd| i%;% foaYikdjla ;shkjd
wms oekg;a fï ms,sn| l:dl,d.i i.ks
ks/rdO ixhq;sfha/mGu udr j¾.fha/i;a; i%;%h
fu;kos nqÿrcdkka jykafia i;ajhd lsh, woyia lrkafka ldgo lsh, lsõjd
tkï rEmfhys,fõokdfjys,ix{dfjys,ixialdrfhys,ú{dkfhys hï pkaohla,hï
rd.hla,hï kkaoshla fyda hï ;kaydjlska we¨fkao,;oska we¨fkao tneúka i;ajhhs
lshkq ,efì
t;fldg mxpialkaoh uu w;aú|skjd uf.a lsh, .;af;d;a t;k f,dalfha iuqoh,
yg.ekSu,fudlo ixialdrhla,Yla;Skaf.a Wmdodkhla th kej; Nj w,a, .kak
yelshdj ;shkjd
fï ;uhs f,dalh yg .eksu,i;ajhd yg .ekSu,ÿl yg.ekSu,ÿlal i;Hh.t;fldg fï
i;ajhd yg.kafka keye.ialkao my uf.a lsh, wd;au jYfhka f.k ;kaydfjka
Wmdodkh lrf.k Wmdodk ialkao we;sjqfka ke;skï
fï ÿlaL iuqoh i;Hh fkao?
t;fldg fï i;ajhd lshk fm!oa.,sl wkkH;djhlska hq;=j Nj.dñj hk w;aú|Sï
rmqr ;sfhkafk mxpWmdodk ialkao yskao
fï ms,sn| ksjeros oDYaGsh we;slr .ekSu ;=, fï ilaldh ke;sfj,d
fï w;aú|Sï mrmqr i;aj mqoa., wd;au jYfhka fkdj wdh;k ialkao Od;= jYfhka
oekf.k fï fya;= m%;Hkaf.ka yg.kakd É;a; ffp;isl rEm ls%hdj,sh wjfndaOlr
.kakjd
oeka uu uq,ska lshmq i;aj mqoa., wd;au ;shkjdo? keoao?mdrñ o¾u
msrejdo,l¾ujdoh Tmamqlrkak mq¨jkao?fï m%Yak fudl=;a we;sfjkafka keye

fu;k wjidk lrkak biafi,a,d ;j tlla lshkak Tsks

tkï f,dalh .ek ke;skï fï nThla muk jQ isrer,mqoa.,fhla,i;ajhd,
wd;au,ke;skï fïjd wdh;k ialkaO Od;=,ke;skï w;aú|Sï fÌa;%h, mxpialkao je,
fï fudk úoshg l:dl,;a ta ms,sn| we;sjk oDYaGsfha fjkig fya;=jkafka O¾uh
lkg meñkSu
tkï ioaO¾u Y%jkfhka i;H O¾uh wykak ,efnkafka l,ahdk ñ;% fiajkfhka fyda
wo ld,fha yeáhg fmd;m; lshùu fyda fudkjd yß úêhlska f,dalh ms,sn|
h:diajNdjh ms,sn| f;dr;=re fida;hg wdmkak fj,d
t;fldg fï nqÿ nk lkg meñkSu ;uhs f,dalh ms,sn| fï oekSug fya;=jqfka
tfykï fï oekSu ,efnkak fmr Tyq ñ;H oDIaGslfhla
n,kak i.ks
ks/nkaOl j¾.fha/WmßmKaKdilfha /os
osáGs j¾.fha $ñpPdosgGs i%;%h
ta wkqj rEm, fõokd, ix{d, ixialdrd, ú{dkd ks;H jYfhka f.k th wd;au iQl
jYfhka weiqr lsÍu ñ;Hd oDIAGSh lsh, b;du meyeos,s fjkjd
fï lshkafka mxpialkaoh wd;auh uu jYfhka .ekSu ñ;H oDYaGsh lsh,
n,kak oeka wms ,nk yeu w;aú|Sula ;=,u ljqo bkafk lsh,
oeka wms wfmkau wy, n,uq wmsg f,dalh ms,sn| we;s oeksu ksjeroso lsh,.
tfykï wks;a me;af;ka uq¨ foieg ñ;HoDYAGShu we;sjkafka ilaldh osáGSh ;shk
úg lsh, oeka Thf.d,af,d okakj

142
oeka tfykï fidajdka M,h ,nkak f,dalh .ek oek.;hq;= m%udkh ;sìh hq;=
wjfndaOh fudkjf.ao lshk m%Yakhg m%udkj;a ms,s;=rla ,efnkak we;s lsh,
ysf;kjd.

4-3 mqoa.,fhla ;ud fidajdkao lsh, n,d.kak lKakdähla biairyg

.syska ;udj n,, lshkjd jf.a ;udj n,d.kak l%uhla nqÿrcdkka
jykafia foaYkdlr, ;shkj fkao?
Tõ
b;du meyeos,sj foaYkd lr, ;shkjd
n,kak
i ksa$ fida;dm;a;s ixhq;sfha$ Oïudodi iQ;%fha
tys i%;% lsysmhl ;shkjd
oyï levm; lsh, l%uhla
;udg ;udj uek.kak b;du myiqhs
fïl b;du meyeos,s ;;ajhla
ne¨ iekskau fmakjd.
Tn lkakdähla biairyg .sys,a,d ne¨fjd;a Tfì uqfk /jq, ;shkjo? /jq, bos,
;shkjo? Thdg fmakjd fkao?
t;fldg fï ldosyd n,,o ;Srkh lf,a
;udu osyd n,,d, ;udf.a we;s ,Ìk n,,d.
tfykï ;uka ;uka foi n,kak
;udf.a iS,h osyd n,kak
;ud rlsk YsÌdmo ál ;uka w;ska /flkjdo lsh, n,kak
fukak O¾uh lkakdähla úêhg mdúÉÑlrk wdldrh
;uka osyd n,kak
;ukaf.ka fï ld¾hhka ál yßhg flfrkjdo lsh, n,kak
tfykï Tn Tngu m%ldY lrkak Tn fidajdka lsh,
;udg ;ud ;=, we;s nqÿka, oyï, i.=ka flf¾ we;s úYajdih wp, nj
wksla whg jvd ;udgfk fyd|gu ks.ukh lrkak mq¨jka
ta jf.au ;ud rlsk iS,fha fkdle,e,a nj ms,sn|
;udg by,ska m%ldYl, yelaflla kEfk
tfykï ;ud osyd ;udu n,, ;udg m%ldY lrkak lsh, ;uhs nqÿyduqÿrefjd lsõfj.

4-4 fidajdka mqoa.,hdf.a iS,h b;du msßisÿ iS,hla úoshg i%;% foaYkdj,
úia;rfj,d ;sfhkafka ta ms,n s | Tfì woyi l=ulao?
Tõ i%;% foaYkd .;a;u tajdfha olajkafka fkdlevqkq fkdlnr fkdìÿkq iS,hla úoshg
;uhs
kuq;a fï oyu yq.la úmßkduh fjÉp oyulafk
wms ;¾ldkql+, fjkak Tsfk
fudlo
nqÿyduqÿrefjd lsõjd fidajdka mqoa.,hdf. w;ska fkdflfrk jeros yhhs lsh,
tajd ;uhs wdkka;Íh mdm l¾u myhs
fjk idia;D flfkla fidhd fkdhduhs

t;fldg tu woyi od, n,kak Tf;kag

nqÿyduqÿrefjd meyeos,sj lsõjd
ud foaYkdl, fohla oek.kak ke;akï jvd meyeos,s lr.kak Tsks kï

143
ud foaYkd l, ;j;a i%;%hl nyd n,kak
th fkd.e,fmakï ;j;a iQ;%hl nyd n,kak
th fkd.e,fmakï ;j;a i%;%hl nyd n,kak
tho fkd.e,fmakï ud foaYkd fkdl, tlla fia i,ld bj; ,kak
t;fldg oeka fudlo Th f.d,af,d iS,fha m%udkh .ek ys;kafk
nqÿyduqÿrfjd ;j i%;%hl b;d meyeos,sj fufyu lsh, ;shkj
uu fï fmkajkafka fï fkd.e,mSu
i%;% f;areï.kak fï úoshg
oeka f,daN fodaI fuday m%ySk l, mqoa.,fhlao fidajdka mqoa.,hd? keye
;=kSl, mqoa.,fhla ú;rhs
tfykï fldfyduo Th lshk msßisÿ iS,hla we;sfjkafk
Th lshk úoshg tal fldfyduj;a isÿfjkak neyefk
tfyu jqfkd;a ljodj;a fidajdka fjkak neß ;;ajhlg m;afjkjd
tfyu jqfkd;a lsisfjl=g hkav neß lrkak neß ud¾.hla fjkjd fïl
ry;afj,d ;uhs fidajdka fjkav fjkafk
tfykï ta u;h fmdävla me;a;lg odkak fjkj
l=rdl+òfhlaj;a fkdurk ryiskaj;a mõ fkdlrk
flfkla jYfhka fida;dmkakhd yÿkajd oSu b;du jeros
ta jf.a iS,hla n,dfmdfrd;a;= úh hq;af;a
ish¨ flf,iqka keiq ry;ka jykafia flfkla ;=,ska mukhs
fï l:dlrkafka wl=i,a uQ,a ;=ksjQ mqoa.,fhla f,daN oafõI fuday wvqlrñka hk
mqoa.,fhla .ek
Tyq ;=, ;j flf,ia ;shkjd. iyuq,ska ÿrefkdjQ wl=I,a uq,a ;shkjd
ixfhdack O¾u y;la fkdis|S mj;skjd
tfykï fidajdka mqoa.,hdf.a iS,h fkdlnr fkdle,e,a fkdìÿk YS,hla fjkafk
fldfyduo?
kuq;a Tyq wfkla mD;ckhdf.ka tfyï msákau fjkia
fudlo? thd ksh; iïfndaêud¾.hg msúis,d
ksjk keu;s ievmyrg yiqfj,d
Tyq w;ska is,a mohla levqk;a wdh; ixjr iS,fha msysg, jyd yod.kakjd
Tyqf.a ksh; uf.ka msg mek, ixidrh oslalr.kafk keye
fï fudlo Tyq ;=, we;s iïud osáÜhhs
ksjeros ksh; ud¾.fhka msgmkskak fokafka keye
Tyq ukd isysh mqyqkqlrkjd
jrola isÿjk úgu yÿkd.kakjd
th kej; fkdlrk f,ig is; fufyhjkjd
ta ksid fidajdka m, ,dNshdf.a É;a; mrïmrdj fl,skau ksjkg wruqkq fj,d
tal leä, ì|s, m¨ÿ fj,d fjk;a ñ;Hd ud¾.j,g wj;S¾k fjkafka keye
oeka n,kak nqÿoyu lshk fï m%;smodj kï lr, ;sfhkafk ud¾.hla úoshgfk
ta ;uhs wd¾HIaGdx.sl ud¾.h
tfyu ke;akï ;s%YsÌdj
fï lshkafka fudllao?
isf;ys fï iirg n|jk iajNdjfha isg is; iifrka t;r fjk ;ek olajd oshqkq
lsÍula
kuq;a Th lshkafka fudllao? flf,ia msß is;la
tl mdrg flf,iqka keiQ iqmsßisÿ iS,hla rlsk ;;ajhg m;alsÍula
tfyukï tlmdrg msïula mkskak fjkjd
kuq;a ud¾.hl hkúg álska ál, álska ál wjYH ia:dkh lrd ,.dùula úkd tl
Ìkhg fjk fohla fkfuhs fïl
tlmdrg fkfuhs ,xfjkafk
wd;au y;los ,xfjkafk

144
Tfydu lsõfjd;a tl wd;auhhs
Th lshk iS,fha ;;ajh
ish¨ flf,iqka keiq wfhl=f.a ;;ajhla
Th lshkafka ry;=ka jykafia flfkl=f. ,Ìk
oeka fufyu ys;kakfld
mD;ckhdg jvd fidajdka m,h ,enQflkdf.a f,daN, oafõI, fuday ;=kS yskao /flk
Ys,h mD;ckhg jvd jeähs
ilDod.dñ mqoa.,hdf.a f,daN, oafõI, fuday Bg jvd jeäh ;=kSfj,d yskaod
/flk iS,h fidajdka flkdg jeäh jeã
wkd.dñ flkd thsg jeã w¾y;a lshkfldg iú flf,iqka keiQ ksid iqmsßisÿ iS,hla
rlskjd
fïl .kak Tsfk ud¾.hla f,i
tlmdrg Tlafldu lrkak mq¨jka lsh, fkdfjhs
tal jeros wjfndaOhla.
Tsl ;uhs idudkH ñksiqka w;r ;shk Ndú;h
ryiskaj;a mõfkdlrk fidajdka mqoa.,fhla ;uhs Tyq fydhkafk,
Tsl fydhkak mq¨jkE.
ta ksid fidajdka mqoa.,hd ;=, we;s iS,h yeu úgu
Tyq ;=kS l, f,daN, oafõI, fuday j,g idfmaÌhs lshk tl f;areï .kak.

4-5 .syshdg tl wd¾hYaGdx.sl ud¾.hl=;a meúoaodg ;j;a wd¾hY

wd¾hYaaGdx.sl
ud¾.hl=;a jYfhka wd¾h wYaGdx.sl ud¾. folla i|yka fjkjd fuys
w¾;h l=ulao?
fï m%;smodj ms,sn| jegySula we;slr.kak tl b;du jeo.;a fohla
fudlo
fï wd¾hYaGdx.sl ud¾.h fohdldrhs lsh, b;du meyeos,sj i|yka fjk i%;% folla
;shkjd
m%:ufhkau wms n,uq
w ks $ ;sl ksmd;fha$ fojk mkakdilh$ Y%uk j¾.fha$ yhjk i%;%h

fï i%;%fha i|yka fjkjd ;%sYsÌdj fyj;a

YS,, iudê, m%{d j,ska
YS, YsÌdj l,du thd fida;dmkakfhla fjkafk
fu;k i|yka ;s%YsÌdj f,!lslhs
th f,dafld;a;r u.g msúiqkdu wê YS,, wê É;a;, wê m%{d jYfhka yÿkajkjd
fu;k ;s%YsÌdj lshkafka wd¾h wYaGdx.sl ud¾.huhs
oeka fu;k fohdldrhhs lsh, meyeos,s fkao?
t;fldg fï lshkafka kej; wd¾hYaGdx.sl ud¾.h ke;skï iïud jdpd, iïud
lïuka;, iïud wdcSj…………
oeka wksla me;af;ka
fï NslaIqkag f,daflda;a;r ud¾.fha hkak lshjqk m%;smodj b;du fõ.j;a .ukla
tal wruqkq fj,d ;sfhkafka fï wd;afuos ksjka olskak
b;sx Bg .e,fmk m%;smodjka ;uhs f,daflda;a;r wd¾h wYaGdx.sl ud¾.fha oelafjkafka
kuq;a fï .syshdg foaYkdlr, ;shk wd¾h wYaGdx.sl ud¾.h Bg fjkia
fïl b;d meyeos,s
fï m%;smdodj fl,skau fhduqfj,d ;sfhkafka fidajdkam,h lshk fï ixosia:dkhg tkak
t;k ;uhs ksh; iïfndaêh

145
kej; mD;ck ;;ajhg m;afkdfjk ;ekg tklï f.ak tl
Bg miafi ;uhs thdg fï f,daflda;a;r wd¾h wIaGdx.sl ud¾.h
m%;smodfj hkak mgka .kak Tsks
tfykï wms ;ju fidajdka keyefk
ta ixosia:dkhg hk m%;smodj f,!lsl wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.h wms mqruq

fu;kos uu u ks$WmßmKaKdilfha$wkqmo j¾.fha$ uyd p;a;dÍil i%;%hh

mokï lrf.k fï ms,sn| úia;rhla lrkakï.
oeka n,kak fï i%;% foaYkdfj b;du meyeos,sj ;shkjd
uyfkks “fï wd¾hIGdx.sl ud¾.h uu fohdldr fldg foaYkd lrñ” lsh,
ta;uhs f,!lsl wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.h tkï flf,ia iys; l=i, mÌfha jQ Wmê iys;
ud¾.h
ta lshkafka fï ud¾.h wdY%j ;shkj mskg keTqre jQ Wmam;a;s iys; ud¾.hla
kuq;a f,daflda;a;r wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.h wdY%j rys;hs l=i, wl=i,hg keTqre keye
Wmê rys;hs ta lshkafka f,daflda;a;r ud¾.h
wmsg jeo.;a f,!lsl wd¾h wIaGdx.sl ud¾.h
wms ta lshk ,Ìk tlsfkl f.k n,uq.
biafi,a,u mgka .kafk fld;kskao
iïud osáÜfhka
wmsg uq,os lsõj u;lfk “fida;” “wdmkak” lshkafka lkg meñks lsh,
fudkjo fï lkg meñks,d ;sfhkafka? “oyu”
oyu lshkafka i;ajhd yd f,dalh ms,sn| h:d iajNdjh.
oeka Tyq okakj álla i;ajhdf.a Wmam;a;sh, meje;au, ke;sùu ms,sn|
Tyq okakjd i;ajhd lshkafka hï Yla;Ska Wmdodkh ùu ksid fya;=m, jYfhka
mxpialkao we;sfj,d ld,h yd fN!;sl;ajhg ne|s, iir mqrd máÉp iuqmamkakj
.ukalrk meje;aula lsh,
fï ksid ish,a, yeu fudfydf;u fjkiafjkjd fjkia fkdjk mod¾;hla fldfyj;a
fydhd.kak neye
fï ál Tyq okakjd fï ksid ;uhs oyu ms,sn| wp, úYajdih we;sjqfka
th foaYkdl, nqÿrcdkka jykafia ms,sn| wp, úYajdih we;sjqfka
ta jf.au ta ufÕa hk ix>hd .ek wp, úYajdih f.dv ke.=fka
Tyq oyfï hï fldgila oeka úYajdi lrkjd
oeka lï m, woykjd
i;ajhdf.a meje;aug fya;=j fï is; lh jok ls%hd;aul ùu lsh, oefkkak mgka
wrf.k
Tyq tosfkod w;aolsk isoaê oyug wkqj n,kj
odkfha úmdl ;shkj lsh, uydodkj, úmdl ;shkj lsh, oek.kakj
ukdj ms,smka Y%uk n%yauKhka bkakjd lshk tl thdg jegfykjd
fï fudkjo fjkafk
Tyq ;=, ;shk udkisl ms,s.ekSï fjkia fjkak mgka wrka
ujg, mshdg ie,lSu uy;a wdksixi ,efnk l=i,hla nj jgyd .kakjd
Tyq tosfkod yuqjk uqk.efik isoaê oyug wkqj ú.%y lr, n,kak yokjd
fudf,djla yd mrf,dj ;sfhkak Tsks lshk oekSu thdg we;sfjkjd
fï yeu ;ekosu Tyqg l¾u m, ;yjqre fõf.k hkjd
TSmmd;sl i;ajhka we;súh yels nj ms,s.kakjd.
Tyqg úYAjdihla we;sfjkjd tla tla f,dalj, fjfik i;ajfhda urkska miafi fjk;a
f,daalj, bmfokjd lsh,
Tyq oeka fmd;m; lshkjd
nK wykjd
O¾u idlÉpd lrkjd

146
Tyqf.a f,dalh yd i;ajhd flf¾ fuf;la mej;s oDIaáh fjkia fjkakg mgka wrka
oeka Tyq ms,s.kakjd OHdk jevQ mqoa.,hkag f,dj isÿjk oE weiska fkdn,d
lkska wykafk ke;sj kqjkskau oel, m%ldYl,yels ;;ajhg is; lshk tl oshqkq l,
yels nj
wms fï l;dlrkafka l=ulao?
iïud osáÜhg ms,smka mqoa.,hd ;=,
i;ajhd yd f,dj ms,sn| fuf;la Tyq orñka isá woyia oDIaá
fjkia fjkyeá
oeka n,kak fï oDIaáfha we;sjQ fjkialï ;=,ska
Tyqf.a l,amkdjka j,g fudlo fjkafk
iïud ixlmamh ;=k we;s fjkjd
ta lshkafka thdf.a ixl,amkdjka hym;a fjkjd.
oeka lïm, woykjd
ÿkafohys úmdl we;snj mqomQcd j, úmdl we;s nj f;afrkjd.
Tyq odk udk fokak mgka .kakjd
wkqka fjkqfjka iq¨jYfhka fyda ;u ld,h Y%uh Okh jeh lrkjd
udihlg ierhlaj;a is,a .kakjd
ta lshkafka ojilaj;a fï ish,a, w;ayer, hï hï YsÌd mqrñka bkak W;aidy
.kakjd.
fï l=ulao lrkafka kslauhdula, ish,a, w;yer, fkfjhs
kuq;a fï ;uhs f,!lsl jYfhka i,lk fklaLïu ixlmamh.
Tyq f.a m%;smodjka wdY%j iys;hs Wmê iys;hs kuq;a l=i, mÌfha Tyq lïm,
woykj
;ui;= foa wkqka yd fnodyodf.k lghq;= lrkak
Woõ lrkak Tsks lshk l,amkdj ;sfhkafk
thdg wks;a whf.ka hï wvqmdvqjla Wkdg hula ke;sjqkdg
fï hym;a ud¾.fha hk flkdg oeka ;ryd hkafk keye
wfkla mqoa.,hd jgyd.kak ;rï fyd| oDIaáhl bkakjd
wd;aud¾;h ;=kSfjñka mrd¾:h jefvkak mgka wrf.k
thdg ;ryhkj wvqhs
fï fudlo fjkafka thdf.a wjHdmdo ixlmamh fyj;a
wjHdmdo ixl,amkd jeäfjkjd
fuf,iska hk fï .ufkaoS Tyq wkqkaflf¾ wkqlïmdhs
oka fokjd
wks;a whg w; fokjd
thdg ;ry hkafka keye
oeka thd wkqkag ysxidldÍ mSvdldÍ fjkafk keye
wúysxid ixlmamh jefvk wdldrh ;uhs fï
oeka fï lïm, woyk f,dalh .ek hula lula jegfyk
mrd¾:h msksi jevlrk wúysxil ñksfila
Tyq ljodj;a fndre lsh, wkqka rjg, wkqkaf. foaj,a lvd jvd .kak hkafk keye
Tyqg fla,dï lSu ksid wkqkag isÿjk lror .ek oeka fyd|g jegfykjd
ta ksid wkqkag lrorhla fjk fla,dï lSfuka je,lS bkafk
Tyq ;=, ks;e;ska wjHdmdo ixl,amkdjka jefvkjd
;ry hkj fyd|gu wvqhs
mreI jpk lsh, wkqka ßojk tajd fï ksid Tyq w;ska isÿfjkafka keye
fï mrd¾:ldñ jpkfhka isÿjk jeros j,ska je,lS isák ñksid
fldfydu;a iïm%mam%,dm j, fhfokafka keye
fï fudkjdo lrf.k hkafk
hym;a oelau l,amkd we;sfjkfldg jpkh ksrdhdifhka md,kh fj,d
fï iïud jdpd

147
oeka thd hym;a jpk mdúÉÑ lrkafk
ñ,.g .ksuq iïud lïuka;
fï lshkafka hym;a ldhsl ls%hd lshk tl
oeka wms hï ud¾.hlg neye,
hym;a oDIaáhla we;slrf.k hym;a l,amkd we;slrf.k ;uhs
fï .uk mgka .;af;a
oeka Tyq lïm, woykj, mrd¾;ldñ
hï hï foa w;yßkak W;aidy .kakjd
;ry hkakfka keye
hym;a jpk mdúÉÑlrkafka
wkqkag lsisu lrorhla fkdjk wysxil ñksfyla
Tyq jpkfhka j;a wkqka ßojkafk keye
Tyqf.a w;skq;a m%dk.d; wl=I,a isÿfjhso? keye
Tyq wkqkag ;uka i;= foa fokak iQodkï
tfykï wkqkai;= foa .kSo? keye
Tyqg f;afrkjd iudc ms,s.ekSï
wkqkag hï hï ls%hd ksid we;sjk lrorh wmyiqj wvqmdvq mSvdj,ska je,lS bkafk
ta ksid Tyq lduhkays jrojd yeisfrkafk keye
ldu.skafkka oeù f,dalh w;aú|skak W;aidy .kafk keye
fï ;uhs f,!lsl wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.hg msúis mqoa.,hd ;=, we;sl,
udkisl ms,s.ekSïj, fjkialï ys m%;sm,
oeka Tyq fï u.g nyskfldg ysáh flkd fkfuhs
iyuq,skau fjk;a oDIAáhla we;s ms,s.ekSï we;s flfkla
oeka fï mqoa.,hd hym;a ksjeros cSjk l%uhlg jeá,
Tyq ljodj;a f,dalhdg wys;lr cSú;hla .;lr, yß yïnlrf.k cSj;afjkak
yokafk keye.
ukqIH j¾.hdgu ydksodhl wdhqO fj,|du,
ji úi fj,|du, uia i|yd i;=ka fj,|du,jy,a fj,|du, u;ajk foa fj,|du
fldfydu;a lrkafk keye.
tajf.au ;u cSú;h ;=, widOdrk f,i wks;a whg ydksjk wdldrhg wêl ,dN ,nd
fj,|dï lrkak hkafk keye
fndre úcaPdnia fodvd wkqka rjgd ,dn i;aldr .kak hkafk keye
fndrejg ñksiaiq rjgk wdldrhg r.md,d l;d lr,d m%fhdack .kak hkafk keye
ke;s .=kjhñka ñksiaiq mqïn,d ;sh, úYd, ,dN i;aldr .kak hkafk keye
fïj ish,af,ka ños, b;du hym;a csjk l%uhla f.kshkafka
fuhd fudlo fufyu lrkafk
thd okakjd f,dalh i;ajhdf.a we;sùu meje;au ksiairkh .ek hula
fuys we;s ksire njoeks, Tyq u.la f;dardf.k
Tyq lrkafka fudllao lsh, Tyq fyd|ska okakjd
csú;h Tfya hkakï jdf,a hkafka keye
Tyq fN!;sl iïm;a ,.dlr.kak úYd, fmdrhl fhos, bkak ñksfila fkfuhs.
oeka n,uq iïud jdhdu
ksjeros hym;a jEhu W;aidyh l=ulao lsh,
fu;k uu uq,ska lsõj fï u.g ms,smkakd ;=,
fuf;la ;snQ udkisl ms,s.ekSï rdYshla fjkia fjñka hkafka
fïl tl Ìkhlska isÿjk fohla fkfjhs
fyñka ms,s.ekSï fjkia fjkjd
ta ksid Tyqf.a m%;smod ls%hd ms,sfj;a fjkilg Ndckh fjkjd
fï oDIAáfha fjki we;slr .;a;u, n,kak fudk;rï jEhula Tsko lsh,
fmd;m; n,kak Tsk
nk wykak TSk

148
O¾u idlÉPd mj;ajkak Tsk
.eg¨;eka úi|.kak Tsks
fï i|yd ld,h,Y%uh,Okh jehlrñka lsisu fN!;sl m%;s,dNhla ke;sj ;ud oeä
W;aidyhl fhfokak Tsk o!IaGsh fjkialr.kak
oeka oDIaGsfha fjkialï we;sjk fldg Tyqg f;afrkjd
fudkjdo Tyq l, hq;af;a lsh,
oeka m%;smodjka ms,smeosh hq;= YsÌdjka fudkjdo?
fudkjdo fï YsÌdjka msrejyu fjkafk lsh, thdg jegySula ;shkjd
Tyq oek.kakjd fï is; lh jok ls%hd;aulNdjh ;=, ;uhs fï l=i,a wl=i,a
isÿjkafka lsh,
Tyq uq,ska lh jok md,kh lrkak ;uhs W;aidy orkafka
iïud jdpd iïud lïuka; iïud wdcSjh
fï jEhu oeka fudfydlgo lh jok yslañu ;=,ska ysf;a we;sjk
k%mka wl=i,a kQmosk msksi
Wmka wl=i,a kikq msksi
kQmka l=i,a Wmosk msksi
Wmka l=i,a jvjkq msksi;a W;aidy orkafka
fï W;aidyh fjk me;a;lska is; ;jÿrg;a hym;a ud¾.hlg muqkùfï W;aidyh
fï W;aidyh ke;skï fuf;la iir mqrd fkduÕ .sh fkdf;areï lu ksid wl=i,g
nrj yqrej we;s is; tl Ìkhlska hym;a uÕg .kak kï neye.
oeka wms n,kak yokafk fu;k ;shk jeo.;au fldgila wx.hla
ta iïud i;s
ksjeros isyshhs
wms fï f,!lssl wd¾h wIGdx.sl ud¾.fha hkjd lshkafka
fidajdka m,h lshk ikaosia:dkhg is; f.ak tl
ta lshkafka mD;ckj ixidrhg ne|s, Tfya iir mqrd .ukal, is;
ksh; jYfhka iïfndaê ud¾.hg muqkqjk
ta ixêia:dkhg is; f.fkk tlfk
ta lshkafk iirg ne| ;enQ hï hï udkisl ms,s.ekSï
mqreÿ ls%hdldrlï wjfndaOhka fjkia lr,
fï hym;a jQ l%shdud¾.hg meñkùu,
is; fumuk l,a ñ;Hdud¾.hl ysáfha
fï ud¾.fha hkafk is;
fï is; we;sfjkafk fld;ko? wei, lk, kdi, osj, lh, uk lshk ;eka j,fk
fï ksid we;sjQ is;afk is; lh jok jYfhka ls%hd;aul fjkafka
fï ls%hd;aul jqkq is;afk wms l=i,a wl=i,a mÌh lsh, fno, ;sfhkafk.
fï we;sjk is;afk wms hï ud¾.hl fï hjkak yokafk
tal ;uhs wms ys; md,kh lrkak m,uqju
iS,fhka lh iy jok md,kh lrkak yokafk
ta ;uhs iS,
wmsg fldmuk hym;a oDIaGshla ;snqk;a
lh jok md,kh lrk tl iS,fha msysgqjk tl Ülla wudrehs
tfykï b¯hka yfhka tkakdjQ wruqkq f;areï fìreï lrf.k
ta flfrys mukla is; msysgùu ;uhs fï iïud i;s lshkafk.
t;fldg wms yßhgu lrkafka isysfhka bo,
yßhg is; we;sjk ;ekosu w,a,f.k
wmsg TSk mdrg is; odk tl
is;sú,sj,g hkak, ye.Sïj,g hkak
w;S; wkd.;fha fonia mj;ajkak, ;srkdgl n,kak, isf;ys ksYAp, nj ke;s lr,
is;sú,s f>daIdj,ska is;a mqrjkak bvfokafk keye

149
isf;ka “uu” yo, “uu” ;=, w;S;h wkd.;h f.dvk., tlu wNHka;r
.d,f.daáÜhlg bv fokafk keye
oeka Tyq ;=, wNHka;rfha is;sú,s yokjo lsh, n,dbkak uqrlrjrel= ke;akï i;sh
Tyq ;=, ;shkjd
fu;k ;uhs is; m%dfhda.slju fï m%;smodjg yrjkag mgka .kak ;ek
isf;a iajNdjh fkdlvjdu tfy fufy mksk tl
ta lshkafka ud¾.fhka msgg mkskjd
wfma hym;a jQ i;sh yd jEhu kej; is; ud¾.hg oukjd
t;fldg wmsg iïud osáÜfha boka iïud jdhdu olajd;a iïud iudêh lshk ;ek;a
fï yeu ;eku fmrgqfjka isákafka isysh
isysh ke;akï Th lshmq oDIaGsh msßisÿ lr.kak;a neye
Th lshk yeu wx.hlu fmrgqj isysh ;sfhkaku Tsk
ta ksid ;uhs nqÿrcdkka jykafia i;shg Th ;rï jeo.;a lula ÿkafka
uq¨ m%;smodju rod;sfhkafka isysfha m%udkh u;,
oeka n,kak fï u.g ng mqoa.,hd ;=, hym;a oDIaáhla we;sfj,dfk
lïm, ms,s.kakjd i;ajhdf.a we;sùu meje;au ksiairkh ms,sn| jegySu ;shkjd
Tyqf.a ;snQ udkisl ms,s.ekSï fndfydaÿrg fjkiafj,d
fyd| ixl,amkdjka we;sfj,d
ls%hd iy jpk md,kh hï ÿrlg isÿfjkjd
fï ;=,ska b;du hym;a cSjk meje;aulg wj;Srkh fj,d
fï .uk ms,sn| fyd| isysfhka oeäùßfhka .uk hkjd
oeka fudlo fj,d ;sfhkafka
;=ka fodßka lh jpkh hk fofldgi md,khla iys;hs
ta lshkafka kej; is;u ;uhs fï oukh fj,d ;sfhkafka
oeka is; fï ud¾.h ;=, hï tl. njlg m;afj,d
is; hï meyeos,s b,lalhla lrd hkak wj;Srkh fj,d
oeka by; i|yka l, wßwg. uf.ys uq,a lrekq y; ;=,
isÿfjkakdjQ fjkiaùï j,ska is; úÌsma;j msg mkskafk keye
is; ikaiqka fï iïud iudêhhs
ta wkqj iïud iudêh hkq by; i|yka l, lrekq y; ms,sn|j
isf;a we;sjk tl.;djh lsh, lshkak mq¨jks
wms fuf;la fï l:dlf,a fudlla.eko?
uyd p;a;dÍil i%;%fha i|yka f,!lsl wd¾h wYaGdx.sl ud¾.h ms,sn|jhs.

150
 m%;smodjka iïnkaO úia;r lsÍula
5-1 fidajdka m,h olajd hk m%;smodj .ek hï woyila lshkjdo?
kjdo
oeka lsysm ;eklosu fï m%;smod .ek lshjqkd. kuq;a wms fï úoshg fï m%Yakhg
msúfiuq. oeka n,kak fida;dm;a;sfha wx. y;r .ek iQ;%foaYkd rdYshla ;shkjd.

tajd kï

1 nqÿka flf¾ wp, úYajdih

2 oyï flf¾ wp, úYajdih
3 i.=ka flf¾ wp, úYajdih
4 wßh ldka; YS,fha ukdfldg msysáu

fï wx. y;f¾ ;shkjd fka m%;smodj b;du ir,j

wms fufyu mgka .ksuqfld
f,dalh i;ajhd .ek fydhkak .sh mqoa.,hd g nqÿoyu uqk.eyqk lsh,
tys oelafjk i;ajhdf.a is;=ú,a, ;kaydj ksid we;sjQ Wmdodkh úiska
tl fmdoshla jYfhka wkkHjQ meje;aula yo,
fm!oa.,sl w;aú|Sï ,ndfok Yla;s úfYaIhla yo,
Nj.dñj .uka lrk Yla;s msxvhla ;shkjd lshk tl Tyqg wjfndaOfjkjd
fu;k fï is; ;uhs is;=ú,a, yo, tys we;s Yla;s Wmdodkh ksid tl f.dvla fj,d
;sfhkafk lsh, jegfykjd
fïl ;uhs fï wkka; ixidrfha ÿla ú|sñka fuf;kska ñfokak neßj le,Ejl w;rux
fj,d mdr fydhd.kak neßj Tfya lef,a we;=f,u lerflkj jf.a ;;ajhg m;afj,d
;sfhkafk
t;fldg fï ;;ajh we;slf,a ljqo? is;
tfykï fï oyfu ;shk m%;smodj úuqla;s ud¾.h fudkjdf.a tlla fjkak Tskso?
fï isf;a fuf;la iirg ne|jQ .=k bj;alr, ks¾.=k iajNdjhg m;alrkak Tsks
ke;akï ksh; jYfhka iifrka ñfok ;ekg is; f.ak m%;smodjla fjkak Tsk
tfyu;a ke;skï is; fuf;la wd ud¾.h fjkia lr,
is; ksh; iïfndaêhg muqkqjk ud¾.hg f.akak Tsks
tfykï fï m%;smodfj lrkafk fudllao?
ksh; jYfhkau iïfndaêhg muqkqjk wdldrhg isf;a we;s ms,s.ekSï,
.=k iajNdjhka fjkia lsÍu
t;fldg fï oyu bf.k .kakjd lsh, fudllao fï lr, ;sfhkafk
isf;a ,Ìk fkdfhla wdldrhg fno,, fjkalr,, úYaf,aIkh lr, yÿkd.kak yo,
;shkj
ta ;=,ska ;uhs wms fï fuf;la wd ñ;Hd ud¾.fhka bj;afj,d
hym;a jQ ud¾.hg msúfikak Tsks lshk wjfndaOh tkafk
oeka n,kak wksla me;af;ka fï m%;smodj foaYkdlr, ;sfhkafk ud¾.hla jYfhka
ta lshkafk l=ulao?
tl ;ekl b|ka ;j ;eklg hk wdldrhg ;uhs hkak Tsks
ljqo fïf,i hkafk?a is;
tfykï is; tl;ekl b|ka
tkï tys ;shk .=k iajNdjhka j, isg
Bg yd;amiskau fjkia ks¾.=kiajNdjhla olajd is; f.kshk ud¾.h ;uhs
fï wd¾h wYaGdx.sl ud¾.h
fu;kos b;du meyeos,sj fmak foaj,a álla ;shkjd.
ta fudkjdo? fï is;sú,s we;slrk uq,a

151
fï oekSfï iajNdjh fyj;a is; ;=, is;sú,s uq,a fya;=fjka is;sú,s mrmqr we;slrkafka
ljqo? ú|Sï mrmqr ;=, uu flfkla bkakjd lshk ms,s.ekSu ke;akï
mxpialkaoh ;=, mqoa.,hl= i;ajhl= isákjd lshk ms,s.ekSug ;uhs
tu is;sú,s uq,a fudkjdo? f,daN, oafõI, fuday, wf,daN, woafõI, wfuday
wks;a me;af;ka n,kakfld fï is;a we;slrkak uq,afjkafka ljqo? b¯shka
fudkjdo fï b¯hka lsh, lshkafk? wei, lk, kdi, osj, lh, uk
fïj ksidfk is;a we;sfjkafk
fï we;sjqk is;a ms,sn|j iajNdjhka tkï
ta isf;a ,Ìk .=k we;slrkafk fï is;sú,s uq,a j,ska.
ñ,.g fï we;sjqk is;a t,shg .,df.k hkafka fld;kskao? is;, lh, jok lshk ;=ka
fodßka.
t;fldg fmdä ksIamdodkd.drhla fu;k
b¯hkaf.ka wruqkq .kakjd
is;sú,s uq,a Woõfj,d tajd is;sú,s njg fmrf,kjd
is;, lh, jokska msgfjkjd
we;=,a fjk ;ekla ;shkjd,
msgfjk ;ekla ;shkjd.
fufyu lshkafk wehs fï w;aú|Sï mrmqr ;=, i;ajhl= mqoa,hl= wd;auhla ke;akï
uu bkakjd lshk fï oeä ms,s.ekSula
we;a;gu fïl oeäjegySula lsõfjd;a jvd yß
oeka n,kak nqÿrcdkka jykafia lsõj m%;smodj fudllao lr, ;sfhkafka
fï isf;a iajNdjh yÿkf.k jvdu ksjeros l%uhg is; ksh; iïfndaê ud¾.hg
muqkqjkak is; fjkia lrkak W;aidy lr, ;shkjd.
fï m%;smodj ;uhs wd¾hYaGdx.sl ud¾.h ke;skï ;s%YsÌdj, YS,, iudê, m%{d
YsÌdjka lrkafk is; hï rgdjlg yqre lsÍï.
oeka m,fjkshg lsh, ;shk YsÌdj fudllao? YS,
Ys, fudkjdo? ksh; iïfndaêhg muqkqjk is,a
lfhka isÿjk jros, jpkfhka isÿjk jeros j,ska je,lSu.
fï fudlo lr, ;sfhkafka
is; t,shg tk fodrj,a foll md,kh we;slsÍu
lh, jok fï lrkafka kej; is; md,khuhs
n,kak fï m%;smodj f.dvke.s, ;shk úosh
fu;k wruqkq we;=,a lr.kakd b¯hka me;a;g w;.y, keye
fudlo tal wudre jevla
É;a;h Ndjkdj tfyu ke;akï iudêh jeãu ;=,ska md,kh l, hq;a;la
fïl ;uhs uu yeu fj,dfju lshkafk fidajdka fjkak Ndjkd wjYH keye lsh,
fmakjfka Ndjkdfjka lrkak yokafk ;j;a jevla
kuq;a Ndjkdj YS,hg meyeos,sj Woõ fjkjd YS,h iïmQ¾k lrkak myiq fjkjd
uu fu;k lshkafk Ndjkdj wjYHu keye lshk tl fkfuhs
Ndjkd l,dg fyd|la ñila krlla fjkafk keye
kuq;a fu;k is; msgjk fodrgq ;=fkka
is; lshk fodrgqj msgfjk me;af;ka jykak wudrehs lsh, nqÿyduqÿrefjd lsõjd
tal lf,a fldfyduo? we;=,afjk ;ekska md,kh lr, jykak W;aidy l,d
t;fldg tal iudêh jeãu ke;akï Ndjkd
oeka fï iS,hhs iudêhhs fudllao lrkafka ? is; oukh lsÍu
oeka wms l:dlrkafk ksh; iïfndaêhg hk m%;smodj ú;rhs
tysoS YS,h .ek ú;rhs lsh, ;sfhkafk
wms biafi,a,d fidajdka fj,d tmEhe wksla tajdg ,.dfjkak

152
fu;kos m%;smodj uq,afj,d ;sfhkafka is; msgjk fodrgq folla md,khg mukhs.
oeka n,kak Thsg jvd b;du fjkia m%;smodjlafk Lq ks $Wodk md,sfha$ m,jk fndaê
j¾.fha $ ndysh i%;%h “Ndyshg” lsõfj
t;k lsõfj isf;a m%Odk ixfõokhka y;r yÿkdf.k
tajd w;ayßk m%;smodjla
isf;a ixfõoS iajNdj y;r fudkjdo?
weySu, oekSu, oelSu, is;Su
b¯hka yfhka lrkafk fï y;r ;uhs
wms f,dalh jYfhka .kafk ta y;frka we;sjk wjfndaOhhs
fï y;r ksid ;uhs wjfndaOh we;sfj,d is;sú,s yokafka
oeka Ndyshg lsõfj fudllao?
hfula ÿgqfoh ÿgqmukska w;yÍo
hfula weiQ foh weiqk mukska w;yÍo
hfula oekqk foh oekqk mukska w;yÍo
hfula is;=kq foh tmukskau w;yßo
Tyq tjka oE we;s ;ekl kej; kQmoS lsh,
fu;k b¯hka .egqkg miafi we;sfjk is;sú,s Wmdodkh fkdlr .;af;d;a
we;sjk m%;sm,h lsõfj
fï m%;smod fudkjgo? is; oukh lrkak
tfykï m%;smodj lshk tlg uu fok W;a;rh ;uhs ksh; iïfndaêhg muqkqjkak
isf;ys we;sl, hq;= fjkia lï lrk ud¾.h ;uhs fï fidajdka ud¾.hg hk m%;smodj
oeka m%;smodjg we;=,;a iS,h .ek n,uq.

1 m%dk.d;fhka je,lSu
2 wo;a;dodkfhka je,lSu
3 ldufha jrojd yeisÍfuka je,lsu
4 fndrelSfuka je,lSu
5 fla,dïlSfuka je,lSu
6 mreI jpk lSfuka je,lSu
7 iïm%mam%,dm lSfuka je,lSu

oeka fï jf.a iS,hla /lsh hq;=hs fï m%;smodfõ .ukal, hq;=hs lsh, thd fï u.g
neiafi fudlo?
oyu flf¾ wp, úYdjdih we;sjqkd oyu flf¾ meyeÿkd
hï oekSula wjfndaOhla we;sjqkd
wksla me;af;ka fï oyu foaYkdl, nqÿrcdkka jykafia f. .=k oelal
ta .=k ksid ;uhs fï jdf. wld,sl .=k iys; oyula foaYkdl, yels jqfka
nqÿka flf¾ .=k oek wp, úYajdih we;sjqkd
oeka olskjd fï m%;sm;a;sh mqrmq ix>hd jykafia,d
Tjqkq;a fï m%;smodj, .sys,a, ;uhs Th ;ekg m;afj,d ;sfhkafk
tfykï ta u. yß.
wms;a ta u.hkak Tsks
fuf,iska ;uhs fï m%;smodj mqrkak Tsks lshk fm,Tùu we;sjqfka
wksl fï oyu wjfndaOh ;=, we;sjk m%Odk foh fudllao? wms;=, f,dalh .ek
;shk udkisl ms,s.ekSï fjkia fjkjd.
wms i;=ka urkafka, fidrlïlrkafka, ldufhys jrojd yeisfrkak, fndre lshkafka
wdoS jYfhka fufyh jkafk fudlo? fï lh ;=, bkak “uu” ix;¾mkh lrkak
fï oyu fydhkfldg fu;k “uu” lsh, flfkla keye lshk wjfndaOh tkjd
tal ;uhs ñksfil= ;=, ;shk m,fjks udkisl ms,s.ekSu
ilaldh osáÜh lshk O¾uh iirg ne|;nk m,fjks udksisl ms,s.ekSu

153
fï oyï wjfndaOh ;=, fjkia fjkjd, lefvkjd
fï tys m,hhs
wksl ;uhs fï oyu ;=,g hkak hkak nqÿka oyï i.=ka flf¾
wp, úYajdYh jeäfjkjd
fï ;eka ms,sn| úÉlsÉpd ke;s fjkjd
tfykï fï ;s%úO r;akh flf¾ wp, úYajdih lshkafk kej;;a wfma ysf;a i;ajhd,
oyu, m%;smodj ms,sn| ;snqkq udkisl ms,s.ekSï j, úYd, fjkila we;slsÍula
fï úÉlsÑpd lshk ixfhdack O¾uh ke;sùu udkisl ms,s.ekSïj, we;sjk fjkila.
oeka n,kak ix>hd jykafia mqrk m%;sm;a;sfha we;s ia:sr nj, iDcq nj, ksh; nj
ksid, i> .=k oek meyeoSu we;sfjkjfk
fï lshkafka m%;smodjka ms,sn| ;snqkq iel uqiq ;eka ke;sfjkjd
fudlo fï m%;smodj mqrk wh osyd n,,fk úYajdih f.dvk.d.;af;
fï m%;smodj mqr,d úuqla;sh ,nmq láÜh bkakjd
tfykï fï uf.a hkak mqrkak Tsk l,hq;= fkdl,hq;= foa fudkjdo lsh, jegfykjd
Tyqg oyï m%idOh wjfndaOh jeä fjkfldg kslï Tfya iS,hu w;..d b|,d jevla
keye lshk tl;a f;afrkjd
fï ;uhs is,ìn;mrdudi lshk fï m%;smod jD; iïnkaoj ;snQ udkisl ms,s.ekSï
fjkiaùu
fuh isÿjqfka ;s%úOr;akh flf¾ we;s wfjpm%idoh mqoa.,hd ;=, fuf;la f,dalh
ms,sn| mej;s ñ;Hd udkisl ms,s.ekSï iyuq,ska fjkia fj,d
fï ;uhs ixfhdack iirg n|jk neñ ,syShdu lshkafk
fï kj ms,s.ekSï j,g ;uhs nqÿka oyï i.=ka flf¾ .=k oek meyeoSfuka wm;=,
isÿjk fjkiaùï
fï kj m%;smodj w¨;a u.lg is; yqrelrk ud¾.hla fl¾ fhduqlrkjd
fu;k fj,d ;sfhkafka o¾Ikh ;=,ska we;sjk udkisl ms,s.ekSï j, fjkila
fïjd ms,sn|j b;du meyeos,sj ;shkjd fõ¨oajdr i%;%h, mxpNh fNrj i%;%h

oeka n,uq fï fõ¨oajr i%;%fha ;shk b;du jeo.;a ;j ,Ìkhla

fïfla ;shk YsÌd mohla m%dk>d;fhka je,lSu
fuysoS ;ud je,lSu,
wkqkajo je,elaùu,
wkqkag je,lsfï .=k lshdoSu (;=kafldka mdßY=oaêh)
fu;k n,kak ;ud yslaujd .kakjd
;ud jfág bkak láÜh iudchg;a ta m%;smodfjys hkak Woõfjkjd
fï ksid fudlo fjkafk ;ud ;=, fjkialï we;slrkjd wjg iudch fjkialrkjd
fï ksid fudlo fjkafk
;ud fkdu.g jegqk;a jyd ;udj iqu.g .kak mq¨jka
;ud jgd iudchla ìysfjkjd
l,Hdk ñ;% msßila ;ud jfá we;sfjkjd.
fu;k ta whg is,arlskak ;ud Woõfjkjd
ta jf.au ta wh ks;e;skau ;udg;a is,arlskak Woõfjkjd fkdfhla wdldrfhka.
fu;k n,kak oyu ls%hdl;aul jk yeá
;ud fï lshmq YsÌdj,ska je,flkjd, wkqkaj;a j,lkjd, je,lsfï .=k lshkjd
wks;a wh ;udhk mdrg .kak kslï neyefk
thd,g;a fï lïm, .ek lsh, fokak Tsk
ta lshkafka i;ajhdf.a we;sùu, meje;au, ke;sùu .ek álla lshkak fjkjd.
fï lrkafka fudllao? oyu .ek lsh, fokjd
thd,g;a oyu flf¾ úYdjdih f.dvkxjkjd, ;udf.a O¾u kqjk jvjd .kakjd
fï iudc o¾Ikhla fu;k ;sfhkafka
;ukag;a wkqkag;a fofokdgu hym;afjk l%uhla.

154
fidajdka uf.a isákakd uq¨ iudchgu úYd, hym;la
fï oyu iudc o¾Ikhla fjkafka fï úoshghs
Tyq iudc fYdaOlfhla
uq¨ iudchlau hym;a jQ m%;smodjlg fhduqlrk iudc kdhlfhla
fï f,i ;uhs oyu iudchg úldYkh fjkafka
uu fu;kos b;du meyeos,sj lshkjd fidajdka M,hg hk m%;smodj iyuq,ska
mokïfj,d ;sfhkafka wjfndaOfhka yd o¾Ikh ;=,ska wm ;=, .eTQßkau ls|dneye,
;shk f,dalh yd i;ajhd ms,sn| fuf;la we;s ish¨ ms,s.ekSï fjkialr .ekSu i|yd

fu;kos i%;%msglfha fidajdka m,hg hk m%;smodjka úúO fldakj,ska n,, l:dlrmq

tajd fï úoshg idrdxY lrkak mq¨jka fï ish,a,u ilÉpdfõoS lshjqkd

• Who .dñKS mámodj

jeäoshqkqjk l%uh - i;r fida;dm;a;s wx. jeäu
fï i|yd Thf.d,af,d n,kak i ks $fida;dm;a;s ixhq;sfha$ rdcldu
j¾.h$n%dyauk i%;%h

• w;a;+mkdhsl O¾u l%uh

;uka;=, f.dvk.d.;hq;= O¾u l%uh fuys i;r fida;m;a;s wx. jeäu isÿúh
hq;= w;r w¾hldka; YS,h jeäfïoS lfhka jpkfhka isÿjk jeros j,ld
;=kafldka mdßY=oaêh we;slr .;hq;=hs
fï i|yd Thf.d,af,d n,kak i ks $fida;dm;a;s ixhq;sfha$fõ¨oajdr
j¾.fha$fõ¨oajr i%;%h

• is; fndfydal,a Y%oaOdfjka iS,fhka Y%e;fhka ;Hd.fhka m%[fjka jeäu

fï i|yd Thf.d,af,d n,kak i ks $fida$fida;dm;a;s ixhq;sfha$ irldks
j¾.fha$uydkdu i%;%h

fï m%;smod ;=fkaoSu isÿjkafka ;s%úo ixfhdack leä,d i;r O¾u jeä, ksh; mrdhk
iïfndaêhg meñkSuhs
ke;akï ioaOdkqidÍj is; jeäu OïudkqidÍj isf;ys .=k ms,s.ekSï leäu
fldfydu WK;a fidajdka ùfuka isÿjkafka f,dalh ms,sn| fuf;la ;snQ jeros ñ;Hd
ms,s.ekSï úYajdY ìos, oiaikh ;=,ska kj l%uhlg f,dalh foi ne,Suhs

5-2 “i;r
i;r O¾u j,ska hqla; ;eke;a;d” ;s%úO ixfhdack Ìh ke;e;a;d”
d “;s d
jeá fkdhk iïfndaêh msysg fldg we; fuys woyi l=ulao?

i;r O¾u j,ska hqla; nj yd ;s%úO ixfhdack Ìh lsÍu fidajdka m,hg fya;=jk
nj i%;%msglfha we;s i%;% rdYshla ;=,u olskakg yels

i;r O¾u fudkjdo?

nqÿka flf¾ .=k oek meyeoSu

O¾u flf¾ .=k oek meyeoSu
iÕ=ka flf¾ .=k oek meyeoSu
wßhldka; Ys,h ^lfhka yd jpkfhka isÿjk jeros j,ska ñ|Su&

n,kak i.ks
i ks $fida;dm;a;s
;s ixhq;sfha $fõ¨oajdr j¾.fha $rdc i%;%h

155
;s%úO ixfhdack fudkjdo?

ilaldh osáGsh
úÉlsÉpd
iS,ìn; mrdudi

n,kak i ks $fida;dm;a;s ixhq;sfha $fõ¨oajdr j¾.fha $.scacldj;a; i%;%h

fu;k b;du meyeos,s ;;ajhla fmakjd

i;r O¾u jefvkfldg ;s%úo ixfhdack Ìh fjkjd hkak
hfula O¾ufha .=k oek meyefokfldg hï o¾Ikhla, f,dalh ms,sn| jegySula tkjd
fï jegySu ;=, tjka uyÕ= oyula foiQ nqÿrcdkka jykafia .ek .=k oek
meyefokjd
ta jf.au oyu m%dfhda.slj fmkajk, oyu ork, f.khk, O¾u hdkdj iÕ=ka ms,sn|
.=k oek meyefokjd
fï wjfndaOh ;=, ;uhs lfhka isÿjk jeros j,ska jpkfhka isÿjk jeros j,ska
je,lSug;a
wks;a wh thska je,laùug;a
je,lSfï .=k lsùug;a fm,fTkafka
fï ;uhs ;=ka fldka mdßY=oaêh we;sùu
oeka Tyq ;=, i;r O¾u jeä,d Tyq ksh; iïfndaêh msysg fldg we;s flfkla
oeka n,kak wks;a me;af;ka Tyqg oyu jegfyk fldg f,dalh ms,sn| jegySu
we;sfjkjd
fï lshkafka ilaldh osáGsh lshk ixfhdackh lefvkjd
fï jf.au nqÿka oyï iÕ=ka flf¾ .=k oek meyefokjd lshkafka ;s%úo r;akh
ms,sn| we;s úÉlsÉpd ke;sfjkjd
O¾uh ms,sn| m%;smod ms,sn| úÉlsÉpd ÿrefjkjd
ñ;Hd m%;smodj ñ;Hd oDYAá j,ska ños, iS,ìn;mrdudi leä, hkjd
fï wkqj Thf.d,af,d f;areï .kak ;s%úO ixfhdack lvkjd lsõj;a i;r O¾u j,ska
hqla;hs lsõj;a is; ksh; mrdhk iïfndaêh fj; jeäfïoS isf;a tl me;a;lska isf;a
jevqk .=k, wks;a me;af;ka isf;ka Ìh l, w.=k .ekhs fï l:d lrkafka

156
 wjdOdkh fhduql, hq;= wksl=;a lrekq

6-1 fuf;la foaIkd ish,a, b,lal jqfka O¾uhg nysk ;ek meyeos,s
lrkak, kej; ish¨u foaIkd idrdxY lr, ta .ek woyila lshkjdo?
kjdo
Tõ
Thf.d,a,kag uq,os wykak ,enqkd wms bkafka ixidfr lshk le,Efj w;r uxfj,d,
mdr fydhd.kak nerej le<Efjka t,shg tkak nerej ta jfáu lerflk nj fmkajQjd
oeka taflka f.dv tkak kï t,shg tkak kï fï ixidrh lshk le,Efj is;shu
wrf.k yodrkak Tsk lsh, lsõjd
ta lshkafka f,dalh l=ulao hkak oek.; hq;=hs
ñ,.g wms oelald fï É;a; lshk rdcOdksh
uu ld,h, fN!;sl;ajh, wjldIh lshk ixidrhg meg,s,d ukia ;;ajhg msßyqkyu
úYajfhka fjkaj mD;.ackfj,d uu lshk iajdëk meje;aula ;=, fiiq f,dalh
w;aú|sk ;;ajhg m;afjkjd lsh,d wms oelald
fï ;uhs f,dalh
fï f,dalh lshk ;;ajfha iajNdjh .ek fkdfhla fldakj,ska l:dl,d
ta jf.au fkdfhla wxY
Wodyrk úoHdj, o¾Ikh,wd.ï
fï f,dalh lshkafk fudllao lsh, ú.%yl, wdldr;a o, jYfhka ne¨j
fyd|hs wms idlÉpdj b;du idrdxY lrkak fukak fï ál n,uq
fN!;sl úoHdj f,dalh .ek l;dlrmq úêh .;a;yu wdrïNfha b¯úYh;djh mukla
mokïlr f,dalh b;d ir, f,i úia;r l,d
Bg miafia mrudkqj kHIAáh fldkafgdï olajd fï fN!;sl ¯jHh levqj
fu;kos u;l ;shd.kak f,dalfha iajNdjh yÿk .kak lf,a tys fmdä wkqjla lshk
;;ajhg th iSudlrf.k th úYaf,aIkh lsÍuhs
uq,oS f,dalh f,i yuqjk foa ;=, ld,h yd wjldIh ksh; fia i,ld f,dalh
ú.%yl,d
miqj ld,h wjldIh tlsfklg idfmaÌlhs lsh,d idfmaÌ;d jdoh ;=,ska f,dj
ú.%yl,d
Bg;a tydg .sh fldkagï jdoh fN!;sl;ajh wjidkfha th fnod fjkalr l:dlrkak
neß ks¾jpkh fkdl, hula isÿúh yels, mq¨jka ;;ajfha we;s iajNdjhla
(Undifferentiated undefined potentialities) ke;akï wúksYAÉ; ;;sjhla ;sfhkafk
lsh, wúksYaÉ;djdoh (Principle of Uncertility) hk ixl,amfhka úia;r l,d
fï ;uhs úÿweiska n,, fN!;sl;ajh .ek oekg ks.ukh ù we;s wdldrh
fï úoshgu nqÿrcdkka jykafia f,dalh .ek ú.%yhla l,d
fuysoS úoHdj fukau nqÿrcdkka jykafia f,dal ú.%yh lrkak wkqjla f;dar .;a;
talg lsõfj fldkagï fkfuhs
fudllao mxpialkaOhla lsh,
tkï w;aú|Sula iliaùula
tysoS mxpialkaOh f,dalhu ksfhdackh lrkjd
n,uq fufyu
ug weyqkd lsõjyu tl mxpialkaohla
tys “uu” bkakjd “yv” ;shkjd
t;k mxpialkaOfha tl;=j ú{dkhla ;sfhkafka
ú{dk lshkafka folg fnÿk {dkh
fudllao fol
fu;k ;shk “uu” yd “yv”
tkï “ú|skakd” yd “ú|skq ,nk l;D yd úYh ke;kï
fu;k ;sfhkafka “uu” yd “fiiq f,dalh”

157
fïl fnÿj kdu rEm lsh,
tfyukï úoHdj ú.%ylf,a rEm .ek ú;rhs
f,dalh fyõfõ fN!;sl ¯jH fno,d ú;rhs
kuq;a nqÿrcdkka jykafia thg kdu ke;skï ú|skakka tl;= l,d
fu;k kdu rEm folu ta lshkafka f,dalhyefokak fï folu tl;= fjkak Tsk lshk
tl
wksl kdu lsõfj mxpialkaohla we;sfjk fldg f,dalhla yefokfldg tys ú|skafkl=
we;sfjkjd ú|Sula we;sfjkjd ta lshkafka fN!;sl;ajfha fjkila oefkkjd ú|skjd
lshkafka talfk
fN!;sl;ajfha fjki oekSu lshkafka ld,h we;sfjkjd
tfyukï mxpialkaOhla we;sfjkjd lshkafka ld,h we;sùu
wksla me;af;ka fN!;sl nj we;sfjkjd lshkafka hï bvla w,a, f.k
ta ksidfka yÿk .kak mq¨jka fjkafk fN!;sl;ajfha fjki
tfyukï wjldIhla w,a,f.k
oeka tfyukï mxpialkaOhla we;sjqkdu kdu rEm we;sfjkjd
ta fol ;sfhkafka ld,h yd wjldIh lshk idol fol Wv
fï ú;ro lsõfj
kdu ;sìfnd;a ú;rhs rEm ;sfhkafka
fïjd tlsfklg idfmaÌlhs
fya;=m%;Hhka ksid we;sfjkjd
fï mxpialkaOh lsisu fjkia fkdjk mod¾;hla fï mxpialkaO;=, yÿk.kak neye
ta lshkafka Y+kHhs
tfyukï fï f,dalh isf;ys we;sjQ ueùula mukhs É;a; ud;%hla ú;rhs lsh, lsõjd
ú|Sula ;=, uu lsh,d flfkla bkakjd lshk ms,s.ekSu ;=,;uhs úYajh folg fnos,
f,dj yg.kafka
uu ysáfhd;a ú;rhs kdu rEm ;sfhkafka ld,h wjldIh ;sfhkafka
fïjd ksYaÉ; f,I lsõjd fïl wúksYaÉ; jdohla fkfuhs ksYaÉ;jdohla
ta wkqj fï f,daflka w;aú|skafk mrudkqj;a kHIAáhg;a mqmqrj, yßhkafka keye
ú{dkh ke;slrkak Tsk lsh, lsõjd
ú -{dkh fudllao?
uu iy f,dalh jYfhka folv fnfok oekSu fï fnfok wdldrh ;uhs is;sú,s yg
.ekSu ld,h wjldIhg meñkSu
tfyukï fï folg fnfok wdldrh n,kjg lsõjd
ú - o¾IK lsh,
ta ;uhs is;sú,s yefok yeá ne,Su
fïl ne¨jyu f,dalfha h:d iajNdjh f;arfkjd
ta ksid
ú - Y+oaêh we;sfjkjd
fï folg fnoSfï |dkfhka Y=oaO fjkjd ta folg fnoSu {dkfhka ñÿkyu
ú - uqla; fjkjd
ta lshkafka ;j ÿrg;a ú{dk keye úuqla;hs
fukak wm f,dõ;=rd nqÿrcdkka jykafia f,dalh yd thska t;r jk wdldrh ú.%yl,
úosh
tfyukï wjidk jYfhka f;areï .kak wms oeka ixidrh keue;s le,fha w;rux
fj,d wúoHdj lshk wÿfrka wdjrkfhka jeys, bkafka
wmsg br t,shg ke;akï wdf,dalhg tkak TSkkï wms fudlo lrkak TSk
w,s bkak fyjkska wdrkfhka t,shg weú;a wdf,dalhg hkak TSks
ta jf.a ukia lshk fï wÿr fN!;sl;ajh ld,h wjldIh uu lshk fï wÿre wdjrk
oe,a ne|Sï j,ska t,shg weú;a ld,h wjldIh uu fN!;sl;ajh ke;s wdkd;au
iajNdjh jk ks¾jdkh lshk wdf,dalhg tkak Tsks fïlhs
wms fu;rï fohla wy, thska wr.; hq;af;a

158
 6-2 i%;% ,ehsia;=jla
fuu fmd;a msxpmqrd idlÉPd jqk fkdfhla lrekq ldrkd i|yka jk i%;% uy;a rdYshla
i%;%msglfhka fidhd .;yels w;r Tnf.a myiqj i|yd tu i%;% iuyrla my;
,ehsia;= .;lr we;.

fidajdka u. iy M, ms,sn| idlÉPdjk i%;%

i ks $
fida;dmkak j¾.fha$ idßmq;% i%;%h
i ks $
fida;dm;a;s ixhq;sfha$ fù¿oajdr j¾.fha$ fõ¨oajdr i%;%h
u ks $
uq, mKaKdilfha$ uQ, mßhdh j¾.fha$ iìndij i%;%h
i ksfida;dm;a;s ixhq;sfha$ÿ;sh idßmq;a; i%;%h
/
i ks $
bka¯sh ixhq;sfha$iqoaol j¾.fha $osáGìn i%;%h
i ksa $
.Dym;s j.a.fha$ mxpNh fNarj iQ;%h
Lq ks $
Lqoaol mdG md,sfha$ r;k i%;%h
w ks $
fojk mKaKdilfha $wdksixi j¾.fha $wdksixi i%;%h
i ks $
fida;dm;a;s ixhq;sfha $ fõ¿oajdr j¾.fha $rdc i%;%fha
i ks $
fida;dmkak ixhq;a;sfha $imam[l j¾.fha $M, i%;%h
i ks $
fida;dmkak ixhq;sfha$ fõ¨oajdr j¾.fha$ ;;sh .scacldj; i%;%h
i ks $
Tlalka;s ixhq;a;fha $ plaLq j¾.fha$ plaLq i%;%fha
i ks $
nkaOl j¾.fha$nkaOl ixhq;sfha$ WmßmKaKdilfha $ w;a; j¾.fha $
fida;dmkak i%;%h
i ks $ fida;dmkak ixhq;a;fha$ fõ¿oajdr j¾.fha$ ÿ;shidßmq;a; i%;%h
i ks $ fida;dm;a;s ixhq;sfha$ Oïudodi iQ;%fha
i ks $ fida;dm;a;s ixhq;sfha$ rdcldu j¾.h$n%dyauk i%;%h
i ks $ fida;dm;a;s ixhq;sfha$ irldks j¾.fha$uydkdu i%;%h
i ks $ fida;dm;a;s ixhq;sfha $fõ¨oajdr j¾.fha $.scacldj;a; i%;%h
i.ks $ nkaOl j¾.fha$nkaOl ixhq;sfha$ WmßmKaKdilfha $ Oïul:sl j¾.fha$iS,
i%;%h

f,!lsl wd¾hIaGdx.sl ud¾.h ms,sn| idlÉPdjk i%;%

u ks $ Wmßmkakdilfha$ wkqmo j¾.fha$ uyd p;a;dÍil i%;%h
w ks $ ;sl ksmd;fha$ fojk mkakdilh$ Y%uk j¾.fha$ yhjk i%;%h

ixfhdack O¾u ms,sn| idlÉPdjk i%;%

u ks $ uQ,mßhdh j¾.fha$wdlfLHdh i%;%h
i ks $ fida;dmkak ixhq;sfha$ fõ¨oajdr j¾.fha$ ;;sh .scacldj i%;%h

ilaldh osÜáh ms,sn| idlÉPdjk i%;%

u ks $ uQ, mKaKdilfha$pQ, hul j¾.fha$ pQ, fõoe,a, i%;%h
i ks $ nkaOl j¾.fha $nkaOl ixhq;sfha $ucacu mKaKdilfha$ Wmh j¾.fha$ ìc
i%;%h
i ks $ É;a; ixhq;sfha$ É;a; j¾.fha$ ixfhdack i%;%h
u ks $ WmßmKAKdilfha$foajoy j¾.fha$ uydmqKAKu i%;%h
i ks $ nkaOl j¾.fha $nkaOl ixhq;sfha $ucacu mKaKdilfha$ LcackSh j¾.fha$
LcackSh i%;%h

159
i ks / É;a; ixhq;sfha$É;a; j¾.fha /ÿ;sh biso;a; i%;%h
i ks / ucacsu mkakdilfha /Wmh j¾.fha $íc iQ;%h
u.ks $ úNx. j¾.fha $ Noafolr;a; i%;%
u ks $ WmßmKaKdilfha $wkqmo j¾.fha $cìífidaOk i%;%h
os ks $ fmdáGmdo i%;%h
os ks $ uyd ksodk i%;%h
i ks $ wLHdl; ixhq;sfha$wLHdl; j¾.fha$wkqreoaO i%;%h
i ks $ wLHdl; ixhq;sfha$wLHdl; j¾.fha$wdh;k i%;%h
i ks $ wLHdl; ixhq;sfha$wLHdl; j¾.fha$w;a:;a; i%;%h
i ks $ wLHdl; ixhq;sfha$wLHdl; j¾.fha$ l=;=y,id,d i%;%h

fjk;a jeo.;a i%;%

nq ks $ WmßmKAKdilfha$wgjk mdg,s.dñh j.a.h$ mGu ksìndk i%;%h
w ks $ p;=lal ksmd;fha $i;rjk mKaKdilfha$mámod j¾.fha$wry;a;mam;a;s i%;%h
i ks $ nkaOl j¾.fha$ nkaOl ixhq;sfha$mqma: j¾.h$fMKmsvqmu i%;%h
w.ks $ p;=l ksldfha $ frdays;iai j¾.h$ mGu frdays;iai i%;%h
i.ks $ foaj;d ixhq;sfha $ wkaO j¾.fha $ f,dal i%;%h
i ks / foaj;d ixhq;sfha$ wkaO j¾.fha /f,dal i%;%h
i ks / wNsiuh ixhq;sfha /.ym;s j¾.fha/f,dal i%;%h
i ks $ rdO ixhq;sfha/rdO j¾.fha /i;a; i%;%h
i ks / ;;sh mkakdilfha /f,dalldu.=k j¾.fha /f,daldka;.uk i%;%h
i ks / ucacsu mkakdilh$ Wmh j¾.fha$ îc i%;%fha
u ks / Wmßmkakdilfha /i,dh;k j¾.fha /P Plal i%;%h
i ks / i,dh;k j¾.fha/;;sh mkakdilfha$ iuqoh j¾.fha/fldáGs; i%;%h
i ks / nkaOl j¾.fha/WmßmKaKdilfha /osáGs j¾.fha $ñpPdosgGs i%;%h
i ks / ksodk j¾.h$wNsiuh j¾.fha$.ym;s j¾.h$mxpNh ffNrj i%;%h
i ks / .ym;s j¾.h$wNsiuh j¾.fha$.ym;s j¾.h$ÿ;sh mxpNh ffNrj i%;%h
i ks / rdO ixhq;sfha$mGu udr j¾.fha$fida;dmkak i%;%h
w ks $ oil ksmd;fha$fojk mKaKdilfha$Wmd,s j¾.fha$Nh i%;%h
w ks $ oil ksmd;fha$fojk mKaKdilfha$hul j¾.fha$wfjÉpmamido i%;%h
w ks $ ;sl ksmd;fha$fojk mKaKdilfha$Y%uK j¾.fha$y;ajk i%;%h
w ks $ ijk ksmd;fha$fojk mKaKdilfha$wdksixi j¾.fha$wdksixi i%;%h
i.ks $ nkaOl j¾.fha $ nkaO ixhq;sfha $ucacu mKaKdilfha$LcackSh j¾.fha
mdßf,hHl i%;%h
Lq ks $ pQ, ks¾foaIfha$msx.sh i%;%dka;fha $ fuda>rdcd i%;% ks¾foaIh
Lq ks $ Wodk md,sfha$ m,jk fndaê j¾.fha $ ndysh i%;%h
i ks $nkaOl j¾.fha$nkaOl ixhq;sfha$uQ, mKaKdilfha$w;a;oSm j¾.fha$mámod
i%;%h
i ks $i,dh;k j¾.fha$fõokd ixhq;sfha$Pkak j¾.fha$iq[a[f,dal i%;%h

fida;dmkakh ms,sn| i%;% iuqÉphka

i ks $ fida;dm;a;s ixhq;sh$fj¿oajdr j¾.h i%;% 10
i ks $ fida;dm;a;s ixhq;sh$rdcldrdu j¾.h i%;% 10
i ks $ fida;dm;a;s ixhq;sh$irldks j¾.h i%;% 10
i ks $ fida;dm;a;s ixhq;sh$mq[a[dNsikao j¾.h i%;% 10
i ks $ fida;dm;a;s ixhq;sh$i.d: mq[a[dNsikao j¾.h i%;% 10
i ks $ fida;dm;a;s ixhq;sh$imam[a[ j¾.h i%;% 10

160
i ks $ fida;dm;a;s ixhq;sh$uyd m[a[ j¾.h i%;% 13
i ks $ nkaO ixhq;sfha $WmßmKaKdilfha$osáGs ixhq;sfha$fida;dmkak j¾.h i%;% 18
i ks $ nkaO ixhq;sfha $WmßmKaKdilfha$Tlalka;s ixhq;sfha $plaLq j¾.h i%;% 10
i ks $ iÉp ixhq;sfha$wNsiuh j¾.h i%;% 10

6-3 fidajdka m,h .ek l:dlsÍfïoS u;lfha ;sìh hq;= lrekq lsysmhla
fuysos uq¨fmd; mqrdu lshjqkq jeo.;a lrekq idrdxY fldg mehsia;=jla f,i Tn fj;
bosßm;a lr we;

1 mxpialkao hkq fudkjdo?

rEm, fõokd, ix{d, ixldrd, ú{dk

2 mxpialkaohla we;sùfuka isÿjk oekSï wdldr

kdu > ld,h > uu

rEm > wjldIh > fN!;sl;ajh

3 mxp Wmdodkialkao my

rEmWmdodkialkao
fõokdWmdodkialkao
ix{dWmdodkialkao
ixldrdWmdodkialkao
ú{dkWmdodkialkao

4 b¯hka my

weia, lka, kdia, osj, YÍrh

5 mxpialkaohla wkd;auh oelsh yels l%u ;=k fudkjdo?

1 fya;=m, jdoh
2 Y+kH;d jdoh
3 ú{ma;u s ;%;d isoaê jdo

6 i;r fida;dm;a;s wx. fudkjdo?

1 i;amqreI fiajkh
2 ioaO¾u Y%jkh
3 fhdaksfida ukisldrh ^kqjksla fufkys lsÍu&
4 Oïudkq Oïu m%;smodj ^lshkúg O¾uhlau lshhs, l,amkdlrkúg O¾uhu
l,amkdlrhs,folu yer WfmaÌdfjka bkakúg isyskqjk we;sj jdih lrhs&

7 i;r wx. fudkjdo?

nqÿka flf¾ .=koek meyeoSu

oyu flf¾ .=koek meyeoSu

161
 iÕ=ka flf¾ .=koek meyeoSu
wßhldka; YS,h

8 wd¾h ud¾.h msúiSug mxpialkaOhkaf.a wkd;auh wjfndaOlr.;yels m%fõI

fudkjdo?

1 kdu mokï lrf.k ^Y+kH;d jdoh ú{a{ma;sud;%;d isoaê jdoh&

2 rEm mokï lrf.k ^fya;=m, jdoh&

9 m%dfhda.slj mxpialkaOfha wkd;auh jgyd .kak is; jeäh hq;= l%u fudkjdo?

1 iu; mQ¾jdx.u úo¾Ikdj

2 úo¾Ikd mQ¾jdx.u iu;
3 fol tlg
4 úo¾Ikd ud¾.hg nei.;a is; wruqfkys msysgùu

10 iQúis uyd .=k úyrk fudkjdo?

nqÿ.=k - “wryx” “iïud iïnqoaO” “úcacdprK” “iq.;” “f,dalúÿ”

“wkq;a;frda mqßiOïu idr;S” “i;a;d foaj ukqiaidkï”
“nqoaO” “N.j;a”

O¾ufha .=k - “iajdlaLd;” “ikaosáGsl” “wld,sl” “taysmiaisl”

“Tsmkhsl” “mÉp;a;x fõos;ìn”

iÕ .=k - “iqmámkak” “Wcqmámkak” “[dhmámkak”

“idñÉmámkak” “wdyqfkHh” “mdyqfkHh” “olalsfkHh”
“w[ac,slrkSh” “wkq;a;r mq[a[lafl;a;ka”

11 wYGúoHd jYfhka woyia lrk úoHd wg

1.b¾êúO {dkh
2.osìn fida; {dkh
3.mrÉ;a; úPdkk {dkh
4.mqìfì ksjdidkqiai;s {dkh
5.osìn plaLq {dkh
6.wdY%jÌhlr {dkh
7.úo¾Ykd {dkh
8.ufkdafï b¾ê {dkh

12 mif,dia prk hkqfjka woyialrk wx. myf,dj

1 is, ixjrh
2 bx¯sh ixjrh
3 fNdckfha muk okakd nj
4 ksosj¾cs;fhys fhosh yels nj
5 Y%Odj
6 ysßh
7 ;mamh

162
 8 ndyqiÉph
9 ùßh
10 i;sh
11 m%{d
12 rEmjpr m%:u OHdkh
13 oaù;sh OHdkh
14 ;D;Sh OHdkh
15 p;=¾: OHdkh

13 wßhldka; YS,fha wx.

lfhk isÿjk jeros ;=khs

1'i;=ka fkdueÍu

2'fidrlï fkdlsÍu

3'lduh jrojd fkdyeisÍu

jpkfhka isÿjk jeros y;rhs

4'fndre fkdlSu

5'fla,dï fkdlSu

6'mreI jpk fkdlSu

7'ysia m%,dm fkdfoãu

14 ;s% ixfhdack

ilAldh osáGSh
úÉlsÉpd
iS,ìn; mrdudi

15 wgfldka úÉlsÉpd fudkjdo?

1'nqÿka .ek

2'O¾uh .ek

3'ix>hd .ek

4'YslHd m%{ma;s .ek

5'fmr w;a nj .ek

6'u;= w;a nj .ek

7'fmr yd u;= w;a nj .ek

8'f,dalfha mÜÉpiuqmamkak;ajh .ek

163
16 fidajdka m,hg hk m%;smodjka

1 Woh .dñkS m%;smodj

2 w;a;m
+ kdhsl O¾ul%uh
3 is; fndfydl,a iS,fhka i¾Odfjka ;Hd.fhka m%{fjka jeäu

17 wdh;k fod,y

plaLdh;kh
fida;dh;kh
>dkdh;kh
cSõydh;kh
ldhdh;kh
ukdh;kh
remdh;kh
Yìodh;kh
.kaOdh;kh
ridh;kh
fmdáGìndh;kh
Oïudh;k

18 Od;= wgf,di

plaLq Od;=j, rEm Od;=j, plal= ú{dk Od;=j,

fida; Od;=j, ioaO Od;=j, fida; ú{dk Od;=j,
>dk Od;=j, .kaO Od;=j, >dk ú{dk Od;=j,
cSúyd Od;=j, ri Od;=j, cSúyd ú{dk Od;=j,
ldh Od;=j, fmdáGìn Od;=j, ldh ú{dk Od;=j,
ufkda Od;=j, Oïu Od;=j, ufkda ú{dk Od;=j,

19 mxpialkaOfha we;s w;S; j¾;udk wkd.; ,Ìk fudkjdo

w;S; mxpialkao - u;l

wkd.; mxpialkao - n,dfmdfrd;a;=
j¾;udk mxpialkao - ú|Su

20 fida;dm;a;hl= w;ska isÿfkdjk jeros yh

1 uj ueÍu 2 mshd ueÍu

3 ry;=ka ueÍu 4 nqÿkaf.a f,a fi,ùu
5 ix>fNaoh 6 ñ;H oDYaákag jeáu

21 ;=ka fldka mdßY=oaêh

1 lh jok hk fodrgq foflka isÿjk jeros j,ska je,lSu

2 lh jok hk fodrgq foflka isÿjk jeros j,ska wkqka j,lajd,Su
3 lh jok hk fodrgq foflka isÿjk jeros j,ska je,lSfï .=klSu

22 udk ;=k fudkjdo?

164
 uu W;=ï
uu iudkhs
uu my;a

23 i;r ix.%y jia;=

odkh, ms%hjpkh, w¾: p¾hdj, iudkd;au;djh

24 my;a jHjydr y;r

fndrelSu, fla,dïlSu, mreIjpk lSu, ysiajpk lSu

26 TSrïNd.sh ixfhdack
ilaldh osáGSh, úÉlsÉpd, iS,ìn;mrdudi, ldurd., jHdmdo

27 WoaOïNdrh ixfhdack my
rEm rd., wrEmrd., udk, WoaoÉp, wúoHd

28 ú[a[dk yh
plaLQú[a[dK ,fida; ú[a[dK,>dk ú[a[dK,csõyd ú[a[dK,ldh
ú[a[dK,ufkda ú[a[dK

29 fkdlghq;= fj,|dï my
wdhqO fj,|du, uia fj,|du, u;ameka fj,|du, jy,a fj,|du, úI fj,|du

kj wOHDmk l%u;=,ska ixl,amkh jQ Tn ieug i%;%msglh yeoEÍu ;=,ska úoHdj

we;slr .ekSug fuu fmd; h;=rla
rla fõjd

165
 wfma b,a,Su
Tn ieug fuu fmd; lshùug ie,eiaùu ;=,ska wms
we;slr .;a;djQ O¾u odkfha l=i,hka ish,a, frda.d;+rj isák
irks iurkdhl oshkshf.a wm, Wm¥j udrl ndol ÿreù
oS¾.dhqI ,eìug fya;= ldrl fõjd lshd m%d¾:kd lruq. tfukau Tn
ieu fï lshùu ;=,ska hï l=i,hla whs;slr.;a;d kï fuu frda.d;+rj
isák oshksh isyslr tu l=i,fha n,fhka wehg mQ¾k iqjh ,efnk
f,i m%d¾:kd lrk fuka b;du lrekdfjka b,a,d isáuq.

166