Investigating Living Things: Vocabulary

UNIT SAINS DAN MATEMATIK JPN JOHOR MODUL INTERVENSI 2008
INVESTIGATING LIVING THINGS

VOCABULARY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ! # 1$ 11 12 13 14 15 Mould Quarantine Biodegradation Compost Contagious Humus Fair test Intraspecies competiton Extinction Shortage Consumer Food chain Producer Represented Food web kulat Diasingkan Biodegradasi / boleh diuraikan Kompos Berjangkit Humus jian sah "ersaingan antara spesis Kepupusan Kekurangan "engguna %antai makanan "engeluar Di&akili 'iratan makanan
THERMINOLOGY 1 Biodegradation (he pro)ess &here a substan)e )an be )hanged ba)k to a harmless natural state b* the rea)tion o+ ba)teria and &ill not damage the en,ironment - mi.ture o+ de)a*ed plants/ +ood that )an be added to soil to help plants gro& Diseases that )an be spread easil* +rom one person to another - substan)e made +rom dead lea,es and plants/ added to the soil to help plants gro& 0.tremel* small and di++i)ult or impossible to see &ithout a mi)ros)ope - t*pe o+ +ungi that gro& on bread/ ri)e and +ruits 1solated +rom other people (hreaten 2o longer e.ist 3anipulating one ,ariable at a time 4ompetition among the same spe)ies (he state o+ )ontinuing to li,e or e.ist 'ho&s the +ood relationship among plants and animals 4onsists o+ +ood )hains that are linked together 5irst animal in the +ood )hain "lants6 the* make their o&n +ood 'e)ond animal in the +ood )hain
2 3 4 5 6 7 ! # 1$ 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Compost Contagious Humus Microscopic Mould Quarantine Endangered Extinct Fair test Intraspecies competition Sur i al Food chain Food web Primar! consumer Producers Secondar! consumer
INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY

VOCABULARY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ! # 1$ 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1! 1# 2$ 21 22 Bonding Captured Curiosit! Exploitation Forces Harness Imagination Installed "aundr! Re#iner! Substance $urbines ltimate %ppliances Catapult Constant Powered Stretch $rans#ormed %dminister &istribute Elicit 1katan Dipernagkap 2aluri ingin tahu 0ksploitasi/ penggunaan Da*a 3eman+aatkan 1maginasi Dipasang Dobi "enapis Bahan (urbin tama/ asas "eralatan 7astik (etap Digerakkan (arik/ regang Diubah (adbir 3engagihkan 3en)ungkil
23 24 25 26 27 2! 2# 3$ 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 3! 3# 4$ 41 42 43 44 45 46
"and#ills match 'dourless Readil! a ailable Renewable Replenished Residues Shu##le $erm (astage (isel! %ppreciable %rra!s Con enient Fraction %rrangements Interrupt Pathwa!s Recei er Represent )arious &e ices Extensi e Indicate
(apak pelupusan 'epadan (idak berbau 3udah diperolehi Diperbaharui Diganti semula Hasil buangan Ko)ok/ men*elerakkan 1stilah "emba8iran 'e)ara bijaksana 9elas/ ketara 3embariskan/ susunan 3udah digunakan 'egelintir/ pe)ahan 'usunan 3emotong/ men)elah 9alan ke)il/ lorong "enerima 3e&akili -neka/ pelbagai "eranti/ alat 7ebar 3enandakan/ menunjukkan
47 4! 4# 5$ 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 5! 5# 6$ 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 6! 6# 7$
"ethal Muscles *er e Resistance Beam "ight source "uminous 'pa+ue *on luminous Penumbra Phenomenon Shadow Straight line $ranslucent $ra el ,mbra )acuum &i##used re#lection Image Incident light Ra! diagram Re#lected light Re#lection Regular re#lection
3emba&a maut :tot/ urat 'ara+ "enentangan -lur )aha*a 'umber )aha*a Berkilau 7egap (idak berkilau "enumbra 5enomena/ kejadian Ba*ang;ba*ang <aris lurus 7ut )aha*a Bergerak mbra =akum "antulan kabur 1mej 4aha*a tuju <ambar rajah sinar 4aha*a pantulan "antulan "antulan biasa
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 7! 7# !$ !1 !2 !3 !4 !5 !6 !7 !! !# #$ #1 #2
&egree o# hotness &r!ing clothes Food industr! Heat Indicator "aunderette industr! Manu#acturing industr! Concrete slabs Contract &ent Expand Mercur! Pa ement Railwa! tracSnap Solidi#ies Steam pipe Mercur! Phenomenon $emperature $hermometer (eather #orecaster
Darjah kepanasan 3enjemur pakaian 1ndustri pembuatan makanan Haba "etunjuk 1ndustri pen)u)ian pakaian 1ndustri pembuatan Kepingan konkrit 3enge)ut Kemek 3engembang %aksa 7aluan pejalan kaki 7andasan keretapi "utus 3embeku "aip air panas %aksa/ merkuri 5enemena/ kejadian 'uhu (hermometer "en*ampai ramalan kaji )ua)a
THERMINOLOGY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ! # 1$ 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1! 1# %ppliances %tmospheric pressure Chemical energ! &ecomposing Electrical energ! Heat energ! H!droelectric power .inetic energ! "ight energ! Metabolism *on/renewable energ! Photos!nthesis Potential energ! Renewable energ! Respiration Solar energ! Sound energ! $urbine %ccumulator - home de,i)e or e>uipment &hi)h per+orms a )ertain task or +un)tion (he +or)e per unit area e.erted against a sur+a)e b* the &eight o+ the air mole)ules abo,e the sur+a)e 0nerg* +rom the )hemi)als present in things su)h a batteries/ +ood or +uels (o break do&n or break up into parts as in rotting 0nerg* obtained +rom sour)es su)h as batteries/ d*namos and a))umulators 0nerg* that )auses a )hange in temperature or a )hange in state 0le)tri)it* produ)ed b* using +lo&ing &ater +rom a dam to turn a turbine 0nerg* present in a mo,ing obje)t 0nerg* produ)ed b* light -ll o+ the energeti) rea)tions that take pla)e ia a )ell or organism 0nerg* that )annot be replenished &hen used up - pro)ess in &hi)h plants/ algae and some ba)teria harness light +rom the 'un to produ)e +ood 0nerg* in obje)t due to its position or height 0nerg* that )an be replenished &hen used up (he pro)ess o+ inhaling o.*gen and e.haling )arbon dio.ide and &ater 0nerg* +rom the 'un 0nerg* )aused b* ,ibrations - &heel &ith blades that are rotated b* a +lo& air or &ater - de,i)e &hi)h )an generate ele)tri) )urrent
2$ 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 2! 2# 3$ 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 3! 3# 4$
Circuit diagram Current &!namo &r! cell Electric shocElectrocution H!droelectric power Parallel circuit Series circuit Solar cell Beam Image "ight ra! "ight sourcr 'pa+ue Re#lection Shadow $ranslucent Contract Expand Heat
- diagram that represents the )ir)uit %ate o+ ele)tri) )harges that +lo& +rom one another in an ele)tri) )ir)uit - de,i)e that )hanges energ* +rom the mo,ement o+ &ind or &ater into ele)tri)it* - de,i)e &hi)h )an generate ele)tri) )urrent - sudden response o+ the bod* &hen ele)tri)it* passes or enters the bod* - sudden death )aused b* ele)tri)it* sing the po&er o+ &ater to produ)e ele)tri)it* -n ele)tri) )ir)uit in &hi)h the )omponents are )onne)ted separatel* -n ele)tri) )ir)uit in &hi)h the ele)tri)al sour)e and other )omponents are )onne)ted one a+ter another sing the 'un?s energ* to turn into ele)tri)it* - +e& lines o+ light ra*s that go out +rom a light sour)e - pi)ture that looks ,er* similar to something - small beam o+ light that goes out +rom a light sour)e 'omething that produ)es or emit light Does not allo& light to pass through Does not pass through/ but boun)es ba)k - dark image +ormed &hen light is blo)ked b* an opa>ue or translu)ent obje)t -llo&s a small amount o+ light to pass through Be)omes smaller/ de)rease in si8e Be)omes bigger / in)reases in si8e - +orm energ* &hi)h makes things hot
41 42 43
Sag $emperature $hermometer
- line or string that hangs or bends do&n in the middle either be)ause o+ &eight or length - measure o+ ho& hot or )old a substan)e is -n instrument used +or measuring temperature
ADDITIONAL NOTES
ENERGY is the abilit* to do &ork@ (he energ* that &e use )an e.ist in di++erent +orms@ .I*E$IC E*ER01 E"EC$RIC%" E*ER01 1s related to motion o+ &a,es/ ele)trons/ atoms/ mole)ules substan)es and obje)ts 1s the mo,ement o+ ele)tri) )harges@ 0le)tri) )harges that mo,e through a &ire is )alled ele)tri)it*@ 7ightning is another e.ample o+ ele)tri)al energ* 1s the internal energ* in substan)es due to the ,ibration and mo,ement o+ the atoms and mole)ules &ithin substan)es@ <eothermal energ* is an e.ample o+ thermal energ* 1s the mo,ement o+ obje)ts and substan)es +rom one pla)e to another@ :bje)ts and substan)es mo,e &hen a +or)e is applied@ Aind is an e.ample o+ motion energ* 1s the mo,ement o+ energ* through substan)es@ 'ound is produ)ed &hen a +or)e )auses an obje)t or substan)e to ,ibrate 1s the energ* that is stored and related to the position o+ something 1s the energ* stored in the bonds o+ atoms and mole)ules@ 1t is the energ* that holds these parti)les together@ Biomass/ petroleum/ natural gas and propane are e.amples o+ stored )hemi)al energ* 1s the energ* stored in obje)ts b* the appli)ation o+ the +or)e@ 4ompressed springs and stret)hed rubber bands are e.amples o+ stored me)hani)al energ* 1s the energ* stored in the nu)leus o+ an atom@ 1t is the
$HERM%" E*ER01
M'$I'* E*ER01
S',*& E*ER01
P'$E*$I%" E*ER0$ CHEMIC%" E*ER01
MECH%*IC%" E*ER01
*,C"E%R E*ER01
energ* that holds the nu)leus together@ 2u)lear po&er plants split the nu)lei o+ uranium atoms is a pro)ess )alled +ission that releases energ* 0R%)I$I'*%" E*ER01 1s the energ* o+ position or pla)e@ - ro)k at the top o+ a hill )ontains gra,itational potential energ*@ H*dropo&er/ su)h as &ater in a reser,oir behind a dam/ is an e.ample o+ gra,itational potential energ*
Transformation of energy al&a*s +ollo& the 7a& o+ 4onser,ation o+ 0nerg* &hi)h states that B Energ! cannot be created or destro!ed Energ! can be changed #rom one #orm to another (hen energ! changes its #orm2 the total amount o# energ! is constant3 Examples of the transformation of energy found around us : (he )hemi)al energ* stored in petrol is )on,erted into heat in a )ar engine@ (his heat energ* is used to mo,e the me)hani)al parts o+ the )ar so it )an mo,e@ (hus/ )hemi)al energ* is )on,erted into kineti) energ* 4hemi)al energ* heat energ* kineti) energ*
C%R
0le)tri)al energ* is trans+ormed into kineti) energ* to turn the blades o+ the +an F%* 4hemi)al energ* kineti) energ*
'tored energ* in a +lashlight?s batter* be)omes light energ* &hen the +lashlight is turned on F"%SH"I0H$ 4hemi)al energ* light energ*
0le)tri)al energ* is used to heat a )oil and trans+orms into heat energ* IR'* 0le)tri)al energ* heat energ*
0le)tri)al energ* is trans+ormed into sound energ* through
10
R%&I'
the speakers 0le)tri)al energ* sound energ*
$E"EPH'*E
Ahen *ou talk on the phone/ *our ,oi)e is trans+ormed into ele)tri)al energ* &hi)h passes o,er &ires@ (he phone on the other end )hanges the ele)tri)al energ* into sound through the speaker 0le)tri)al energ* sound energ*
- tele,ision )hanges ele)tri)al energ* into light and sound energ* $E"E)ISI'* 0le)tri)al energ* light energ* C sound energ*
- toaster )hanges ele)tri)al energ* into heat and light energ* $'%S$ER 0le)tri)al energ* heat energ* C light energ*
INVESTIGATING MATERIALS 11
VOCABULARY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ! # 1$ 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1! 1# 2$ 21 22 23 0as "i+uid Solid Ion Boiling Condensation E aporation Free4ing Melting Condensation Cloud (ater c!cle (ater apour Industrial waste %cidic %l-aline Bitter Burn Caustic Corrosi e &ilute acid "itmus paper *eutral <as 4e)air "epejal 1on 3endidih Kondensasi "en*ejatan "embekuan "eleburan Kondensasi -&an Kitar air Aap air Kumbahan industri Berasid Beralkali "ahit 7e)ur Kaustik 3enhkakis -sid )air Kertas 7itmus 2eutral
12
24 25 26 27 2!
*eutrali4ation Properties Sour Strong acid (ea- acid
"eneutralan 'i+at 3asam -sid kuat -sid lemah
THERMINOLOGY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ! # 1$ 11 12 13 Condensation E aporation Free4ing Ion Melting (ater c!cle %cidic %l-aline Bitter "itmus paper *eutral Properties Sour (he pro)ess &hen gas )hanges to li>uid (he pro)ess &hen li>uid )hanges to gas (he pro)ess &hen li>uid )hanges to solid -n atom that )arries an ele)tri)al )harge (he pro)ess &hen solid )hanges to li>uid 4ontinuous mo,ement o+ &ater +rom the 0arth?s sur+a)e into the air and ba)k to the 0arth?s sur+a)e again (he )hara)teristi)s o+ a substan)es that tastes sour and )hanges the )olour o+ blue litmus paper to red (he )hara)teristi)s o+ a substan)e that tastes bitter and )hanges the )olour o+ red litmus paper to blue (he taste o+ substan)e that are alkaline - t*pe o+ paper used to test &hether a substan)e is a)idi) or alkaline (he )hara)teristi)s o+ a substan)e that does not )hange the )olour o+ litmus papers neither a)idi) nor alkaline 4hara)teristi)s o+ substan)es +or e.ample/ a)idi)/ alkaline or neutral (he taste o+ substan)e that are a)idi)
13
INVESTIGATING THE EARTH AND THE UNIVERSE
VOCABULARY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ! # 1$ 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1! 1# 2$ Big &ipper Brilliant Canister Constellations 'rion Po-e Re#erred to Resemble Scorpion Southern Cross )isible Imaginar! %xis Countercloc-wise Simulation Illuminated Re olution Phases Illuminated Re olution Buruj Biduk (erang Bekas Buruj Buruj Belantik (ebuk Dirujuk sebagai 3en*erupai Buruj 'korpio Buruj "ari Kelihatan Ba*angan "aksi -rah la&an jam 'imulasi Diterangi Berputar mengelilingi 5asa Diterangi Berputar mengelilingi
14
THERMINOLOGY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ! # 1$ 11 Big &ipper Constellations 'rion Pattern Scorpion Southern Cross Emit Illuminate 'ccurrence Phase Rotate - group o+ se,en bright stars that +orms a bo&l and handle - group o+ stars +orms a )ertain pattern in the sk* - group o+ stars that +orms a pattern o+ a hunter - regular or re)ogni8able +orm ir order in &hi)h a series o+ things o))ur - group o+ stars that +orm a pattern o+ a s)orpion - group o+ +our stars that +orms a pattern o+ a )ross (o gi,e o++ light (o shine light on something -n in)ident or e,ent that is happening or taking pla)e a stage o+ period o+ a )*)le (o mo,e in a )ir)le round an a.is or a )entre
ADDITIONAL NOTES
PHASES O THE MOON is the re,olution o+ the 3oon around the 0arth makes the 3oon seems to )hange its shape in the night sk*@ (his is )aused b* the di++erent angles &e see +rom the bright part o+ the 3oon?s sur+a)e )alled Dphases?@ (he 3oon goes through +our major shapes during )*)le that repeats itsel+ e,er* 2! da*s@ (hese phases +ollo& the se>uen)e o+ their o))urren)e@ "art o+ the 3oon &hi)h is not illuminated +a)es the 0arth@ T!e Moon is not "isi#$e@ (he lighted side o+ the 3oon +a)es a&a* +rom the 0arth@ (his means that the 'un/ the 0arth and the 3oon are almost in a straight line/ &ith the 3oon in bet&een the 'un and the 0arth@ (he moon is less than hal+ illuminated b* the 'un@ the +ra)tion o+ the 3oon?s dis) that is illuminated in)reases@ (his 3oon )an be seen a+ter the ne& 3oon/ but be+ore the +irst >uarter 3oon@ (he )res)ent &ill gro& larger and larger e,er*da*/ until it looks like the +irst >uarter 3oon@
*E( M''*
CRESCE*$ M''*
15
H%"F M''*
Hal+ o+ the illuminated side o+ the 3oon is ,isible@ (he +ra)tion o+ the 3oon?s dis) that is illuminated in)reases@ (he right hal+ o+ the 3oon appears lighted and the le+t side o+ the 3oon appears dark@ During the time bet&een the ne& 3oon and the +irst >uarter 3oon/ the part o+ the 3oon that appears lighted gets larger and larger e,er*da*/ and )ontinues to gro& until it rea)hes the +ull 3oon@ (he 3oon?s illuminated side is ,isible@ (he lighted side o+ the 3oon +a)es the 0arth@ (his means that the 0arth/ the 'un/ and the 3oon are nearl* in a straight line/ &ith the 0arth in the middle@ (he 3oon that &e see is ,er* bright be)ause it re+le)ts sunlight@
F,"" M''*
INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY
VOCABULARY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ! # 1$ 11 12 13 &esign Identi#! )arieties Balance Combination Conical #lasConstruction &ecoration Embedded Formed Futuristic In estigate Placed %eka bentuk Kenal pasti "elbagai Keseimbangan <abungan Kelalang kon "embinaan Hiasan Dimasukkan Dibentuk 3asa depan 3en*iasat Diletakkan
16
14 15 16 17 1! 1# 2$ 21 22 23 24 25
Steel Stretched Support $opple $ripod stand ,pright (ithstand Stabilit! Structure $urbulence )ibration Humidit!
Besi Diregangkan 3en*okong (umbang (ungku kaki tiga (egak 3enahan Kestabilan Binaan Bergolak <egaran Kelembapan EudaraF
THERMINOLOGY 1 2 3 4 5 6 Base area Centre o# gra it! Cone Cube Cuboid C!linder (he e.tent or measurement o+ the lo&est part o+ an* obje)t/ on &hi)h it rests (he point &here the &eight o+ the obje)t appears to be )on)entrated - solid or hollo& obje)t &ith a )ir)ular +lat base and sides that slopes up to a point - solid or hollo& obje)t &ith si. e>ual s>uare sides - solid or hollo& obje)t &hi)h has si. re)tangular +a)es at right angles to ea)h other - solid or hollo& obje)t &ith straight parallel sides and a )ir)ular or o,al base (he abilit* to do &ork
Energ!
17
! # 1$ 11 12 13
Hemisphere P!ramid Sphere Stabilit! Strength Structure
- hal+ o+ sphere - hollo& or solid obje)t &ith a s>uare or triangular +lat base and sides that slope up to point - round solid +igure in &hi)h e,er* point on the sur+a)e is o+ e>ual distan)e +rom the )entre 1t is )on)erned &ith an obje)t?s abilit* to return to the &a* it &as be+ore i+ disturbed (he abilit* to support mass - building or an*thing that is )onstru)ted +rom se,eral parts
ADDITIONAL NOTES
STABILITY )an be de+ined as the abilit* o+ obje)ts to return to its original state i+ disturbed@ 1+ an obje)ts is more stable/ it )an be able to resist larger +or)es@ :bje)ts that are stable &ill not topple o,er be)ause the* ha,e their &eight )on)entrated lo& do&n@ (his point )alled the )entre o+ gra,it* and the lo&er it is/ the more stable is the obje)t@ STRENGTH O STRUCTURES is the abilit* to resists stress and strength put on the stru)ture@ Bending/ )ompression/ tension/ ,ibration and turbulen)e are some o+ the stressed that stru)tures &ithstand@ 5a)tors that a++e)t the strength o+ a stru)ture in)lude the t*pes o+ materials used/ its length/ the )ross se)tional area or shape/ ho& the stru)ture is pla)ed/ &eathering en,ironment su)h as high or lo& temperature/ humidit* and others@ 0.amples o+ e,er*da* li+e situations used to e.plain ho& base area and height e++e)t the stabilit* o+ a stru)ture B - hea,*&eight li+ter spreads his legs to add stabilit* (he &ide distan)e bet&een the &heels o+ a ra)ing )ar is to in)rease the base area o+ the )ar in order to maintain its stabilit* &hen it is mo,ing +ast 7aborator* apparatus su)h as )oni)al +lask and tripod stand has a &ide base +or the purpose o+ stabilit* - ra+t is more stable than a ka*ak be)ause a ka*ak has less base area Big animals su)h as elephant and rhino)eros ha,e short
Base %rea
18
Height
legs to lo&er the )entre o+ gra,it* +or stabilit* %a)ing )ars are designed &ith lo& bodies to lo&er the )entre o+ gra,it* Boat passengers are ad,ised to sit &hen the boat mo,es +or stabilit*
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Investigating Living Things: Vocabulary

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UNIT SAINS DAN MATEMATIK JPN JOHOR MODUL INTERVENSI 2008