Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

Three Kinds of Design Problems (reminder!) 1. No Solution Exists Examples: the first PDA, the first car, the first PC, the invention of the Web, the introduction of air conditioning in buildings. Relatively unconstrained, but high risk for developers. Vague information, little "background" available. 2. New Situation Examples: new subway for a city, new building, introduction of a particular CAD package, "technology adoption" in general, Car with 3-wheels. 3. Replacement Examples: new subway trains for existing system, new PCs or software, the "Semantic Web", innovations within a product class (the blackberry), renovating a building, new car models
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DESIGN PROCESS Product Development

Customer Needs

Functional Requirements

Design Parameters

Process Variables

Conceptual Design
May-08

Product Design

Process Design
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Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

DESIGN PROCESS- Definitions Functional Requirements (FR): A set of independent requirements that characterizes the functional needs of a product or process. Each FR is independent of other FR. Design Parameters (DP): are the KEY physical variables (other equivalent in software design) in the physical domain that characterize the design that satisfies the specified FRs. Process Variables (PV): are the KEY process variables (other equivalent in software design) in the process domain that characterize the process that satisfies the specified DPs.
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DESIGN PROCESS- Definitions- Example Refrigerator Door FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FR1= Provide access to the items stored in FR2= Minimize energy costs DESIGN PARAMETERS DP1= vertically hung door DP2= Thermal insulation in the door PROCESS VARIABLES PV1= Dimensional characteristics PV2= Insulation material properties
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Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

DESIGN PROCESS- Example Functional Requirements (FR) & Design Parameters (DP)

DESIGN OF A DRILL
Functional Requirements Design Parameters Process Parameters

WHATS
1 Make a hole to size & depth 2 Cut faster (high feed) 3 Surface finish <3.2 Ra 4
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HOWS
A Tool Drill material Cutting geometry/Coat

HOWS
Tool dia & length
Tough material (carbide?)

RPM & Feed Rate

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Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

DESIGN PROCESS

May-08

May-08

Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

EXPERIMENT TO GET OPTIMUM VALUES BY HIT & TRIAL (MAY NOT BE OPTIMAL SOL.)

May-08

May-08

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Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

DESIGN PROCESS- Example Tap-1 (Coupled design) 2-FR, 4-DP; Tap-2 (Uncoupled design-GOOD) 2-FR, 2-DP

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Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

DESIGN MATRIX FOR REFRIGERATOR DOOR-1ST

FR1= Provide access to items in refrigerator FR2= Minimize energy loss

WHAT IS WRONG HERE??

DP1= Vertically hung door DP2= Thermal insulation material in the door Design matrix will be:
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May-08

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X 0 DP1 FR1 = X FR2 X DP2

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Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

DESIGN MATRIX FOR REFRIGERATOR DOOR-2ND

Whirlpool Design Contest 2003, Prague, Czech Republic / 1st prize

FR1= Provide access to items in refrigerator FR2= Minimize energy loss DP1= Horizontally hung door DP2= Thermal insulation material in the door New Design matrix will be: May-08
FR1 X 0 DP1 = FR2 0 X DP2

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May-08

ADAPTED- http://www.petovdesign.com/fridge/fridge.htm

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Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

DESIGN PROCESS- COUPLED DESIGN

SUMMARY to the design solutions

Concentrate on FUNCTIONAL requirements before going DESIGN parameters (DP) should be equal to the
FUNCTIONAL requirements (FR)

Try to achieve an UNCOUPLED design by making a

information content.

balance between FRs & DPs. It may not be possible always!!

Goal should be to achieve ROBUST design with minimum

QUESTIONS ???
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Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

Technical Questioning To remain focused on the heart of a design problem, one should always question the current understanding of the project The TECHNICAL questions should not only be asked at the beginning of a project, but at every Gate Point, and especially any time when a critical decision needs to be made.

Technical Questioning (Ask again & again)

What is the problem really about? What implicit expectations and desires are involved? Are the stated customer needs, requirements, and constraints truly appropriate? What avenues are open for creativity and inventive problem solving? What attributes must the product have?

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Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

Technical Questioning (Ask again & again)

What aspects of the design task can and should be quantified now? Do any biases exist with the chosen task statement or terminology? Has the design problem been posed at the appropriate level of abstraction? What are the technical and technological conflicts inherent in the design task?

Why? Why?? Why??? (to dig deep) This method simply involves asking the question Why? of a given undesired situation, in order to uncover hidden or implied assumptions, issues, contradictions, or most especially root causes of the undesired situation. Example 1: The Soup Father: Son, you must finish your soup. Son: Why? Father: Because you must have a well-balanced meal. Son: Why? Father: So that you may be able to do whatever you want. Son: Well, what I want to do is throw out this soup.
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Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

Why? Why?? Why??? (to dig deep)

Example 2: Traffic Congestion Why do people object to traffic congestion? Because it causes them irritation. Why does it cause irritation? Because it delays one unexpectedly. Why are unexpected delays irritating? Because they force one to alter one's plans. Why do road travelers have plans? Because the car journey is not an end in itself...or is it?
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Why? Why?? Why??? (to dig deep)

Example 3: Flying Why do airplanes fly? Because the sum of lift and thrust forces exceeds that of the drag and mass forces. Why is that?
Correct reasoning: Because of Newton's Laws. Why? There is no why here - this is essentially a root cause. Incorrect reasoning: Because we designed it that way. Why? Because we want the plane to fly. Ahah! A causal loop.

It is interesting to note that when tracing causes

through purely physical systems, one generally finds a root cause within 5 Why? questions
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Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

5 Whys

It is interesting to note that when

tracing causes through purely physical systems, one generally finds a root cause within 5 Why? questions

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More on Technical Questioning What are the key issues in the design problem? Safety Productivity Competition Technology Scheduling Some of these issues can be addressed during the kickoff meeting (e.g. scheduling), while others will require you to do some research and report back to the team Your team should agree how to divide up this background work so that there is no duplication of effort. May-08 29

Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

FIVE FACTORS FOR SUCCESS

1. 2.

3. 4. 5.

AGREEMENT AMONG TEAMS A PLAN WITH DIRECTIONS, RESPONSIBILITIES, ACCOUNTABILITY and PROGRESS MEASUREMENT TOOL COMMUNICATION BETWEEN TEAM A CONTROLLED SCOPE MANAGEMENT / SPONSOR SUPPORT
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May-08

Assignment# 2 PROBLEM: City parking meters in all over Ontario are being damaged and broken (for ??). The cities are not only losing revenues from parking meters but also spending money in repairing existing ones and on buying new ones. Suggest at least 2 options to eliminate this problem. Justify your options with arguments in support of your answers. Start from: What is the problem? and Why is that happening? You can work in a group (2-3 persons) or at your own You have to present your solution in front of class May-08 31

Course# DSGN1110 DESIGN PROBLEM ACQUISITION Engineering Design Methodologies

Questions

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