DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTINGS(6,7)

I) Design Parametres:Footing designation = Concrete mix Steel Cover to Reinforcement Safe Bearing Capacity(From soil Report)= Unit weight of RCC = Width of Column C6 = Depth of Column C6 = Width of Column C7 = Depth of Column C7 = Characteristic compressive strength of concrete = Yield strength of steel = Distance between columns = II) Load calculations:Factored Load from column C6 from analysis = ----do----- from column C7 from analysis = 424.91KN 354.23KN TOTAL 779.14KN Add self weight of the footing&Weight 116.871KN of back fill (15%) Total Load = Ultimate Bearing Capacity of the soil qu = 1.5xSBC = Size of the footing required:Area of the footing required = 8.13Sqm 896.01KN 110.25KN/sqm F1 M25 Fe415 50mm 73.50KN/sqm 25.0KN/cum 0.23m 0.30m 0.23m 0.30m 25.00N/sqmm 415.00N/sqmm 2.06m

It is necessary that the resultant of the loads of two columns and the centroid of the footing coincide so that a uniform distribution of soil pressure is obtained. Thus, y, the distance of the centroid of the footing from column C6 can be obtained as given below: Taking moments of the column loads & resultant wrt C7,then y = 0.94m

Rectangular footing is to be designed with a total length of 2.24m,whose centroid coincides with the resultant of the column loads. However provide footing with 3.31m length.The plan of the footing is as given below:-

3310

2060 600

2700

535

3310

2060 600

The size of the footing is 2.70mx3.31m,the area comes to Width = Length = 2.70m 3.31m

2700

535

8.94Sqm

The net ultimate bearing pressure acting on the footing due to direct load = Design moment about tranverse axis = 2.86KN-m (1/6)xbd2 =

100.26KN/sqm

Section Modulus for the above section = Soil pressure due to moment = M/Z =

4.93cum 0.58KN/sqm

Max.Soil pressure =

pu + mu =

100.84KN/sqm Hence O.K 99.68KN/sqm Hence O.K 100.84KN/sqm 272.27KN/m

Min.Soil pressure =

pu - mu =

Hence,the design soil pressure =

The UDL on the longitudinal beam of unit width = The base pressure and loading on the footing is as given below:-

C6
424.91

C7
354.23

715

2060

535 Loads &Soil pressure

230.24

146.67

272.27

Shear force diagram

295

266

230.24

146.67

Shear force diagram

295

90.1

266

Bending Moment diagram

The maximum sagging bending moment(Considering 1m width of footing) =

The maximum hogging bending moment(Considering 1m width of footing) = III)Depth of the footing required:i)Bending moment criteria:The depth of section required for Max.bending moment as shown in the figure.Hence,the Maximum factored bending moment = ML = 90.10KN-m (Considering 1m width of footing) Adopting Limit state method of design Mu = 0.138 fckbd2 The effective depth of footing required = d = [Mu/(0.138fckb)]
0.5

38.97

69.6

= 161.60mm Over all depth required assuming 12mm dia bars = However assume 500.00mm = 217.60mm

overall depth,then the effective depth comes to

Longitudinal direction:Calculation of reinforcement at top :The actual depth of neutral axis = Area of steel required = 23.05mm 574.58sqmm 197mm 150mm along width

Assuming 12mm dia bars,the spacing comes to Provide 12mm bars at a spacing of

Then the area of reinforcement provided = Percentage of reinforcement provided = ii)Check for one way shear:0.17

753.60Sqm

The critical section of one way shear is at a distance of 'd' from the face of the column Hence,the factored design shear force VFd = 113.81KN (Calculated from Analysis)

Nominal shear stress Tv =

0.256N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm (As per Table 20 of 1S 456)

Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view The percentage area of the tensile reinforcement provided = 0.170%

The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from Table 19 of IS 456 is 0.296 N/sqmm Hence Vuc = 131.42KN 0.296 >0.256 Hence,no shear reinforcement is required. Calculation of reinforcement at bottom :Maximum factored bending moment = MB = (Considering 1m width of footing) Over all depth provided = Effective depth assuming 10mm dia bars The actual depth of neutral axis = Area of steel required = 17.67mm 440.54sqmm 257mm 150mm 523.33Sqm 0.118 along width 69.60KN-m

500.00mm

Assuming 12mm dia bars,the spacing comes to Provide 12mm bars at a spacing of Then the area of reinforcement provided = Percentage of reinforcement provided = iii)Two way shear criteria:(a) Around column C6:-

The critical section for two-way shear is along the perphery of the square at a distance d/2 from the face of the column Hence perimetre of the preriphery b0 = 2836mm

Hence,the factored shear force VFd = qu(B2-AB2)= Nominal shear stress Tv = VFd/b0d = 0.68 N/sqmm

850.64KN

Permissible shear stress in concrete for two-way shear for M20 grade concrete Tc' =ks . Tc ks = (0.5+l/b)> 1 Hence ks = 1 Tc = 0.25(fck)1/2 = Hence,Tc' = 1.25 N/sqmm 1.25 N/sqmm 1.25 >0.680 Hence,the section provided is safe from two-way shear point of view (b) Around column C7:The critical section for two-way shear is along the perphery of the square at a distance d/2 from the face of the column Hence perimetre of the preriphery b0 = Hence,the factored shear force VFd = qu(B2-AB2)= Nominal shear stress Tv = VFd/b0d = 0.68 N/sqmm 850.64KN 2836mm

Permissible shear stress in concrete for two-way shear for M20 grade concrete Tc' =ks . Tc ks = (0.5+l/b)> 1 Hence ks = 1 Tc = 0.25(fck)1/2 = Hence,Tc' = 1.25 N/sqmm 1.25 N/sqmm 1.25 >0.680 Hence,the section provided is safe from two-way shear point of view IV) Transverse direction:The column strips are to be designed as transverse cantilever beams having a width column width+ 2 times effective depth,ie, one effective depth on each side.

a)Column strip for C6 :Width of column strip = Length of column strip = The effective soil pressure under column strip = Maximum bending moment = 1118mm 1200mm 161.88KN/sqm 130.31KN-m

Over all depth provided = Effective depth assuming 12mm dia bars The actual depth of neutral axis = Area of steel required = 33.68mm 839.63sqmm

500.00mm

Assuming 12mm dia bars,the spacing comes to Provide 12mm bars at a spacing of Then the area of reinforcement provided = Percentage of reinforcement provided = Check for one way shear:0.204

135mm 125mm 904.32Sqm within column strip

The critical section of one way shear is at a distance of 'd' from the face of the column Hence,the factored design shear force VFd = Nominal shear stress Tv = 136.82KN

0.308N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm (As per Table 20 of 1S 456)

Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view

The percentage area of the tensile reinforcement provided =

0.204%

The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from Table 19 of IS 456 is 0.323 N/sqmm Hence Vuc = 143.41KN 0.323 >0.308 Hence,no shear reinforcement is required. b)Column strip for C7 :Width of column strip = Length of column strip = The effective soil pressure under column strip = 1118mm 1200mm 134.95KN/sqm

Maximum bending moment =

108.63KN-m

Over all depth provided = Effective depth assuming 12mm dia bars The actual depth of neutral axis = Area of steel required = 27.92mm 696.02sqmm

500.00mm

Assuming 12mm dia bars,the spacing comes to Provide 12mm bars at a spacing of Then the area of reinforcement provided = Percentage of reinforcement provided = Check for one way shear:0.17

162mm 150mm 753.60Sqm within column strip

The critical section of one way shear is at a distance of 'd' from the face of the column Hence,the factored design shear force VFd = Nominal shear stress Tv = 114.06KN

0.257N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm (As per Table 20 of 1S 456)

Hence,the section is safe from shear point of view

The percentage area of the tensile reinforcement provided =

0.170%

The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from Table 19 of IS 456 is 0.296 N/sqmm Hence Vuc = 131.42KN 0.296 >0.257 Hence,no shear reinforcement is required. CHECK FOR TRANSFER OF BEARING STRESSES:(a) For column C6:Pu = 424.91KN

Compressive bearing resistance = 0.45 fck(A1/A2)1/2. For the column face A1/A2 = 1 and for the other face A1/A2 > 2 but should be taken as 2. In any case, the column face governs.Force transferred to the base through column at the interface = 776.25KN >424.91KN

Hence O.K There is no need to design separate dowel bars to tranfer the load to the base of the footing (b) For column C7:Pu = 354.23KN
1/2

Compressive bearing resistance = 0.45 fck(A1/A2) . For the column face A1/A2 = 1 and for the other face A1/A2 > 2 but should be taken as 2. In any case, the column face governs.Force transferred to the base through column at the interface = 776.25KN >354.23KN Hence O.K There is no need to design separate dowel bars to tranfer the load to the base of the footing CALCULATION OF DISTRIBUTION STEEL:Provide temperature re inforcement @ 0.12% Area required = Taking 10mm dia HYSD bars,the spacing comes to Hence,provide 10mm dia bars @ 125mm c/c 600.00Sqm 131mm

(6,7)

the centroid of the footing e distance of the centroid of the

,whose centroid coincides with the

<110.25KN/sqm

>0

s &Soil pressure

r force diagram

r force diagram

ing Moment diagram

90.10KN-m (From Analysis) 69.60KN-m (From Analysis)

in the figure.Hence,the

444.00mm

445.00mm

ams having a width column width+

444.00mm

within column strip

444.00mm

within column strip

d to the base of the footing

d to the base of the footing