Superconducting Fault Current Limiters

Tenth EPRI Superconductivity Conference October 11-13, 2011
Superconducting Fault Current Limiters

Latest developments at Nexans SuperConductors
Mathias Noe Karlsruher Institut fr Technologie & Joachim Bock, Achim Hobl, Judith Schramm Nexans SuperConductors GmbH EPRI 2011 Nexans SuperConductors
Outline Introduction SFCL systems

Function Operation behaviour Commercial Projects
ASL I 12-100 ASL II 12-400 Vattenfall 12-800
Development Projects
ENSYSTROB ECCOFLOW
Latest Project: AmpaCity
Conclusions
EPRI 2011
Nexans SuperConductors
Chemiepark Knapsack in Hrth
Chemiepark Knapsack 10 km South-west of Kln

EPRI 2011
Nexans SuperConductors in new premises 2010

Office building and assembly hall
bldg. 2728 Assembly of Fault Current Limiter systems Building height allowing crane hook of 7 m Optimisation of the production
EPRI 2011
Materials and conductor types for industrial HTS applications
YBa2Cu3O7-x buffer buffer 2 1 substrate
Bi-2212/ Bi-2223 tape 1st generation
Y-123 cc-tape 2nd generation
Systems realized
Bi-2212 bulk
EPRI 2011
Y-123 bulk
Production of HTS-bulk BSCCO-2212 Melt Cast Processing

Highly efficient and very flexible process
Melting
Metal oxides
Mixing Casting
EPRI 2011
Annealing Nexans SuperConductors
Operating behaviour of the FCL

normal operation short-circuit recovery
p
current
ultrafast
reacts in 1-2 milliseconds
w/o FCL
automatic
max r td tr
no external trigger necessary, self-recovering
wear-free
ta
time service only for cooling system
Superconductor Fault Current Limiters are intrinsically safe!
EPRI 2011
FCL systems Commercial Projects

12-100 (ASL 1) first commercial system
Field tested for ~8 months
12-800 (Vattenfall) first system in a power station

Field tested Nov. 2009- Dec. 2010
XX-YYY XX: Voltage [kV] YYY: Current [A]
12-400 (ASL 2) second system for UK (bifilar)

Presently under installation
EPRI 2011
ASL I 12-100 Realisation
first FCL-System realised by NSC first commercial system worldwide
EPRI 2011
ASL I 12-100 Field test

ASL, Newcastle ENW, Bamber Bridge
Live on grid 10-2009 to 06-2010

EPRI 2011
ASL II 12-400 Testing
Customer has ordered second system!

Test at IPH
EPRI 2011
ASL II 12-400 Installation site
Ainsworth Lane (Scottish Power)
In UK around 270 substations (MV up to 33 kV) are at or above max. rating

EPRI 2011
Vattenfall 12-800 Brown Coal Power Plant
Block Q in Boxberg
EPRI 2011
Power to the consumer
EPRI 2011
Power to the consumer Auxiliary Power
EPRI 2011
Auxiliary Power
Not limited short circuit currents
EPRI 2011
Auxiliary Power
63.000 Current [A] Investment
800
rating
fault
High Short Circuit Currents high mechanical and thermal forces No fuses on the MV power distribution level equipment and grid must be short-circuit proof high investment for equipment oversizing
EPRI 2011
Location in Boxberg power plant
EPRI 2011
First FCL worldwide in a power plant

Installation 10/ 2009 Commissioning 02.11.2009 End of field-test 12/ 2010 second field-test starts IV/ 2011
Significant savings for extension and new construction Improved safety for personnel and equipment
EPRI 2011
From metal oxide powder to HTS-components

Melt Cast Process Nexans proprietary process
Fault Current Limiter Components
BSCCO-2212 tubes
BiSrCaCuO powder
EPRI 2011
Basic design of the FCL

Connection for adaptation Current in parallel Voltage in series
component
module
set-up of a phase
accomodation in a cryostat
Fault Current Limiter connected in series with the grid Current and voltage adjustable by modular construction
EPRI 2011
Realisation of the FCL

Nexans is mastering the full chain.
EPRI 2011
High voltage and high current testing of complete FCL-system
Testing scheme 75 kV lighting impulse 28 kV withstand voltage (1 min)
Testing scheme 63 kA (peak) maximum 3-phase full loads (4 shots)
EPRI 2011
New developments: FCL systems based on cc-tape
12-600 (ENSYSTROB) first MV system with cc-tape

This project has received funding from German government under grant 03KP102A
EPRI 2011
New developments: ENSYSTROB
Specification
ENSYSTROB voltage 12 kV normal operating current 800 Arms inrush current (50 ms) 4100 Ap High current inrush(15 currents inrush s) 1800 Arms Small window for limited current prospective current 60 kA first peak limitation < 30 kAp limitation time 120 ms limitation after 100ms 6.6 - 7 kA
EPRI 2011
New developments: ENSYSTROB - component
U = 433 Vrms I = 850 Arms P = 360 kW
I
2 twins in, 2 twins out sc-length: 8 x 4.30 Central contact
EPRI 2011
New developments: ENSYSTROB characterisation (1)
inrush currents
1367 Ap / 50 ms 600 Arms / 15 s
EPRI 2011
New developments: ENSYSTROB characterisation (2)
short circuits
partial load I prosp = 2 kAp Erms = 0.05 V/ m
full load I prosp = 32 kAp Erms = 50 V/ m
EPRI 2011
New developments: ENSYSTROB system integration
3 x 32 =96 components
EPRI 2011
New developments: ENSYSTROB Testing at IPH Berlin
3-Phase short circuit, Iprosp= 63 kA

EPRI 2011
New developments: ENSYSTROB Next steps
First system based on cc-tapes was engineered and built in time SFCL device was successfully tested at the certified high power test lab in Berlin in September 2011 SFCL has been installed at the Boxberg power plant
SFCL will go life to the grid in October 2011
EPRI 2011
EU-project: ECCOFLOW
cc-tape based FCL 24-1000 15 partners involved 5 utilities coordinated by
Stockholm
Nexans and 13 European partners have reached a
Siegen
Kosice
Barcelona
Mailand
EPRI 2011
First multipurpose system for two sites and applications Nexans SuperConductors
New developments: ECCOFLOW
ECCOFLOW is: A project to prepare commercialisation of SFCL The 3-phase resistive limiter with the highest voltage today Including 15 project partners 5 of which are utilities The first SFCL foreseen for two different applications
EPRI 2011
New developments: Project 24-1000 ECCOFLOW
Palma de Mallorca
1st site for installation

High voltage
transformer feeder
FCL
Medium voltage
FCL
busbar coupler
San Juan de Dios

EPRI 2011

2nd site for installation
Koice (VSE)
High voltage
VSE grid Koice, Slovakia

transformer feeder
FCL
Medium voltage
FCL
busbar coupler
EPRI 2011
Endesa Nominal voltage Nominal current AC withstand voltage Lightning impulse Max. prospective current (peak) Max. limited current (peak) Fault duration HTS limitation time Recovery time 16.5 kV 1000 A 50 kV 125 kV 22 kA 10.8 kA 1s 80 ms < 30 s
VSE 24 kV 1005 A 50 kV 125 kV 26 kA 17 kA 120 ms 80 ms < 30 s
Eccoflow 24 kV 1005 A 50 kV 125 kV 26 kA 10.8 kA 1s 80 ms < 30 s
EPRI 2011
limitation time > 120 ms

Module of FCL FCL inside components cryostat
with parallel impedance FCL and circuit breaker Circuit

Breaker
Air Core System Reactor
Black Box
inrush currents > 1.2 kA
EPRI 2011
New developments: Project 24-1000 ECCOFLOW Component Design 3 x 2 x 2 conductors, about 8 m each 1 kArms / 800 Vrms no parallel connection of components needed excellent use of volume low voltage for the single component small AC losses due to multifilar geometry short single pieces of superconducting tape with mutual protection.
EPRI 2011

Module Design
Stack of 12 components in series Liquid / gaseous nitrogen insulating against cryostat wall
EPRI 2011

Cryostat Design 3 nitrogen vessels One common vacuum vessel Boiling nitrogen at 77 K About 100 W thermal losses G-M cryocooler Compact design Design close to series production
EPRI 2011

Cryostat Design 3 nitrogen vessels One common vacuum vessel
Loss contribution Max. superconductor AC loss Max. current lead loss Cryostat loss Max. additional loss Max. total loss at 77 K Max. electric power at RT
Loss at 0.1 Ic <1W 180 W 120 W 1W ~ 300 W ~ 6990 W
Loss at 0.5 Ic ~ 10 W ~ 220 W 120 W 15 W ~ 365 W 8504 W
Loss at 1 Ic 150 W 270 W 120 W 60 W 600 W 13980 W
EPRI 2011
Latest Project AmpaCity

110-kV-substation (suburban area) 110-kV-substation (suburban area)
40 MVA Conventional 110-kV-Cable
10-kV-HTS cable 40 MVA
10-kV-substation (city center)
10-kV-substation (city center)
Supply of city center by MV HTS cable

EPRI 2011
AmpaCity Feasibility Study
Kick-off Oct. 2011 Study showed project is technically feasible economically reasonable
EPRI 2011
AmpaCity in the City of Essen
Herkules
Dellbrgge
position of joints
EPRI 2011
AmpaCity HTS cable with stand alone FCL
EPRI 2011
Conclusions
Full chain mastered from production of HTS material to final FCL system (for bulk)
First commercial FCL systems realized (w/o any public funding)

Successful grid operations also with the first HTS system in a power station worldwide Market entry with bulk already achieved New development projects started first system realised based on cc-tape
multipurpose device new solutions for urban areas
EPRI 2011
First FCL worldwide in a power plant
Thank you for listening!

EPRI 2011

Superconducting Fault Current Limiters

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Tenth EPRI Superconductivity Conference October 11-13, 2011

Superconducting Fault Current Limiters

Outline Introduction SFCL systems

Latest Project: AmpaCity

Chemiepark Knapsack in Hrth

Chemiepark Knapsack 10 km South-west of Kln

Nexans SuperConductors in new premises 2010

Materials and conductor types for industrial HTS applications

YBa2Cu3O7-x buffer buffer 2 1 substrate

Bi-2212/ Bi-2223 tape 1st generation

Y-123 cc-tape 2nd generation

Production of HTS-bulk BSCCO-2212 Melt Cast Processing

Annealing Nexans SuperConductors

Operating behaviour of the FCL

Superconductor Fault Current Limiters are intrinsically safe!

FCL systems Commercial Projects

12-800 (Vattenfall) first system in a power station

XX-YYY XX: Voltage [kV] YYY: Current [A]

12-400 (ASL 2) second system for UK (bifilar)

ASL I 12-100 Realisation

first FCL-System realised by NSC first commercial system worldwide

ASL I 12-100 Field test

Live on grid 10-2009 to 06-2010

ASL II 12-400 Testing

Customer has ordered second system!

ASL II 12-400 Installation site

Ainsworth Lane (Scottish Power)

In UK around 270 substations (MV up to 33 kV) are at or above max. rating

Vattenfall 12-800 Brown Coal Power Plant

Power to the consumer

Power to the consumer Auxiliary Power

Not limited short circuit currents

Location in Boxberg power plant

First FCL worldwide in a power plant

From metal oxide powder to HTS-components

Fault Current Limiter Components

Basic design of the FCL

Realisation of the FCL

High voltage and high current testing of complete FCL-system

Testing scheme 75 kV lighting impulse 28 kV withstand voltage (1 min)

Testing scheme 63 kA (peak) maximum 3-phase full loads (4 shots)

New developments: FCL systems based on cc-tape

12-600 (ENSYSTROB) first MV system with cc-tape

New developments: ENSYSTROB

New developments: ENSYSTROB - component

U = 433 Vrms I = 850 Arms P = 360 kW

New developments: ENSYSTROB characterisation (1)

New developments: ENSYSTROB characterisation (2)

New developments: ENSYSTROB system integration

New developments: ENSYSTROB Testing at IPH Berlin

3-Phase short circuit, Iprosp= 63 kA

New developments: ENSYSTROB Next steps

SFCL will go life to the grid in October 2011

Nexans and 13 European partners have reached a

New developments: ECCOFLOW

New developments: Project 24-1000 ECCOFLOW

1st site for installation

San Juan de Dios

New developments: Project 24-1000 ECCOFLOW

VSE grid Koice, Slovakia

New developments: Project 24-1000 ECCOFLOW

VSE 24 kV 1005 A 50 kV 125 kV 26 kA 17 kA 120 ms 80 ms < 30 s

Eccoflow 24 kV 1005 A 50 kV 125 kV 26 kA 10.8 kA 1s 80 ms < 30 s