UNITED STATES STUDY QUESTIONS Chapter 5: Creating the Constitution (1781 178!

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I#portant $o%a&u'ar( Ter#s an) Topi%s Dire%tions: Circle terms or topics you remember and write a statement to show your understanding. Republic Republicanism Unicameral Bicameral Articles of Legislature Legislature Confederation Federal Land Ordinance #orthwest $hay%s Rebellion &ames 'adison of 1 !" Ordinance of 1 ! (illiam Roger $herman *reat Federalism +hree,Fifths )atterson Compromise Compromise Ratification Federalists Anti,federalists Federalists )apers Bill of Rights United $tates )opular Limited $eparation of Legislati-e Branch Constitution $o-ereignty *o-ernment )owers ./ecuti-e &udicial Branch Chec0s and .lectoral College 1ouse of Branch Balances Representati-es $enate 2mpeachment $upreme Court &udicial Re-iew Amendments Ch* 5+ se%tion 1 1. (hat is republicanism3 Republicanism4 the i)ea that go,ern#ents shou') &e &ase) on the %onsent o- the peop'e+ .hi%h #eant )i--erent things to )i--erent A#eri%ans* 5. (hat did the -arious state constitutions ha-e in common3 1ow were they different3 $imilarities6 The( 'i#ite) the po.ers o- go,ern#ent 'ea)ers* The( guarantee) spe%i-i% rights -or %iti/ens+ in%'u)ing -ree)o# o- spee%h+ re'igion+ an) the press* State %onstitutions e#phasi/e) 'i&ert( rather than e0ua'it( an) re-'e%te) a -ear o- %entra'i/e) authorit(* 7ifferences6 On'( ha) a ,er( 'i#ite) )e#o%ra%( &( #o)ern stan)ar)s* 1ranting ,oting rights to on'( .hite #a'es* 2ropert( o.nership .as a re0uire#ent -or ,oting* 3o#en .ere sti'' )enie) to ,ote in %ertain states e4%ept Ne. 5erse( (a''o.e) -or a short perio) o- ti#e"* 8. (hy did most states choose a bicameral legislature3 To &a'an%e the po.er o- the %o##on peop'e .ith that o- the .ea'th( an) .e'' e)u%ate) %'ass* 9. (hat is a confederation3 (hat was the purpose of the Articles of Confederation3 A''ian%e o- states per#itting these states or nations to a%t together on #atters o#utua' %on%erns in .hi%h t.o 'e,e's o- go,ern#ent share -un)a#enta' po.ers* To %reate a 'i#ite) nationa' go,ern#ent+ to %reate a set o- 'a.s to go,ern the Unite) States+ an) to 'ea,e #ost o- the po'iti%a' po.er .ith the states*

". (hat was the structure of the new go-ernment under the Article of Confederation3 A Congress .ho )e'egates .ere %hosen &( state 'egis'atures+ .ith no 2resi)ents (e4e%uti,e &ran%h" or nationa' %ourt s(ste# (6u)i%ia' &ran%h"* :. (ho made up the Congress3 (hy were e/ecuti-e powers assigned to committees made up of members of Congress3 The )e'egates -ro# the states+ %hosen &( the state 'egis'atures* So that no one person+ su%h as a 2resi)ent+ %ou') ha,e too #u%h po.er* . (hy did differences between the states cause problems of representation in the new go-ernment3 2ro&'e#s o- representation in the ne. go,ern#ent .as peop'e %ou') not )e%i)e .hether )e'egates to a ne. go,ern#ent shou') represent a state7s popu'ation or ea%h state shou') sen) the sa#e nu#&er o- representati,es* !. 1ow did the nation%s leaders settle the disagreement o-er the issue of representation3 To 8eep -airness a#ong the states+ the si/e o- the s#a'' states (popu'ation ha) -e.er %iti/ens" .ou') ha,e e0ua' representation to a 'arge states (.hi%h ha) high nu#&ers o- %iti/ens"* 2o'iti%a' po.er .as e0ua' regar)'ess o- si/e an) a sing'e state %ou') sta'' the a#en)#ent pro%ess* ;. (hat powers did the go-ernment hold <strengths= and lac0 <wea0nesses= under the articles of confederation3 Nationa' go,ern#ent ha) the po.er to )e%'are .ar+ #a8e pea%e+ an) sign treaties (.ith at 'east t.o thir)s (! o- 19 states" o- the states appro,a'"* It %ou') &orro. #one(+ set stan)ar)s -or %oins an) -or .eights an) #easures+ esta&'ish a posta' ser,i%e+ an) )ea' .ith Nati,e A#eri%an peop'es* It 'a%8e) the po.er to ta4 an) ea%h state ha) on'( one ,ote (regar)'ess opopu'ation" .hi%h %ou') resu't in 'a.s &eing ,etoe) &( a sing'e state* Arti%'es %ou') &e a#en)e) on'( i- a'' states appro,e)* Congress %ou') not regu'ate interstate or -oreign tra)e* The arti%'es )i) not %reate an e4e%uti,e &ran%h to en-or%e 'a.s an) ha) no nationa' %ourt s(ste# to interpret the #eaning o- 'a.s or sett'e 'ega' )isputes* There .as no nationa' unit(* There .ere 19 separate states that 'a%8e) nationa' unit(* 1>. ./plain the Land Ordinance of 1 !". 1ow did the Land Ordinance of 1 !" pro-ide for the orderly de-elopment of the #orthwest +erritory3 1ow did it ma0e land affordable3 :an) Or)inan%e o- 1785 esta&'ishe) a p'an -or )ispensing+ or )istri&uting+ the pu&'i% 'an)s* ;( running a gri) o- 'ines north to south an) east to .est+ -e)era' sur,e(ors )i,i)e) the 'an) into hun)re)s o- to.nships+ ea%h si4 s0uare #i'es* On%e the 'an) .as sur,e(e) it .ou') &e )i,i)e) a#ong -a#i'ies in s#a'' par%e's* Ea%h to.nship .as then su&)i,i)e) in 9< =se%tions> o- one s0uare #i'e (<?@

a%res" to &e so') -or at 'east one )o''ar per a%re* This .ou') a''o. -or not on'( the ri%h to pur%hase 'an) &ut poor -a#i'ies* 11. ./plain the #orthwest Ordinance of 1 ! . List the pro-isions for statehood. The North.est Or)inan%e o- 1787 pro,i)e) -or )i,i)ing the 'an) into three to -i,e territories an) esta&'ishe) the re0uire#ents -or the a)#ission o- ne. states* 1* Congress .ou') appoint a territoria' go,ernor+ se%retar(+ an) three 6u)ges* A* 3hen a territor( ha) 5+@@@ ,oting resi)ents+ the( %ou') esta&'ish an e'e%ti,e asse#&'(+ it %ou') .rite a %onstitution an) e'e%t their o.n go,ern#ent* 9* 3hen the popu'ation rea%he) <@+@@@+ it %ou') app'( to &e a state+ pro,i)e) the ne. state a)opte) a repu&'i%an %onstitution* 15. (hat were plans for settling and go-erning the #orthwest +erritory under the Articles of Confederation3 The :an) Or)inan%e o- 1785 out'ine a s(ste# -or )istri&uting pu&'i% 'an)s+ an) the North.est Or)inan%e o- 1787 pro,i)e) a go,ern#ent -or the 'an)s* 18. (hat were some of the political and economic problems the country encountered under the Articles of Confederation3 2o'iti%a' issues: Nationa' unit(Bea%h state -un%tione) in)epen)ent'( &( pursuing its o.n interests rather than those o- the nation as a .ho'e* The popu'ation o- states .as not proper'( represente)* A#en)ing the arti%'esBea%h state #ust agree to %hange the arti%'es+ one sing'e state %ou') sta'' the a#en)ing pro%ess+ .hi%h resu'te) in %hanges in go,ern#ent &eing )i--i%u't to a%hie,e* E%ono#i% pro&'e#: Cuge )e&tB that %ongress has a#asse) )uring the re,o'utionar( .ar (D1!@ #i''ion" in .hi%h the %ontinenta' %ongress ha) to &orro. -ro# -oreign %ountries* A-ter the .ar+ the %ontinenta' #one( .as .orth'ess* Se%on)'(+ the %ountr( .as not a&'e to i#pose ta4 an) regu'ate interstate or -oreign tra)e* 19. (hat foreign,relation problems did the new country encounter3 The Unite) States %ou') not pa( its )e&ts to the ;ritish (.ar )e&t"* The Unite) States not a&'e to %o#pensate 'o(a'ists -or propert( 'oss su--ere) )uring the A#eri%an Ee,o'ution* As a resu't+ 1reat ;ritain re-use) to e,a%uate their #i'itar( -orts on the 1reat :a8es* Spain presen%e on the &or)ers o- the Unite) States pose) another threat to .est.ar) e4pansion* Spain a'so %'ose) its .aters on the Fississippi* 1". (hy were some states afraid of centrali?ed authority and a strong national go-ernment3 The states -e't that a %entra'i/e) authorit( .ou') )i#inish their o.n in)epen)en%e* The( #a( ha,e re#e#&ere) the -ai'ure to the Eng'ish Co##on.ea'th un)er Cro#.e''* The( a'so -eare) the 8ing'( po.er i- the( )e%i)e) on a strong %entra' go,ern#ent* 1:. (hat were the causes and conse@uences of $hay%s Rebellion3

Sha(7s Ee&e''ion .as a protest &( -ar#ers .ho -a%e) pro&'e#s -ro# )e&ts the( o.e) to %re)itors* Danie' Sha(7s protest o- the Fassa%husetts ta4es in%'u)e) 1+A@@ -ar#ers atte#pting to rai) arsena' resu'te) in ? )eaths &( the state #i'itia* This re&e''ion #a)e peop'e ta'8 a&out the nee) -or a stronger nationa' go,ern#ent* 1 . (hy do you thin0 news of $hays% rebellion made states decide to participate in the )hiladelphia con-ention3 Sha(7s re&e''ion #a)e states )e%i)e to parti%ipate in the 2hi'a)e'phia %on,ention &e%ause so#e states ha) a'rea)( -eare) uprising in their state* Sha(7s re&e''ion sho.e) the .ea8nesses o- the nationa' go,ern#ent in )ea'ing .ith e%ono#i% pro&'e#s*

Questions -or Ee,ie.

1. (hat were the east,west boundaries of the United $tates as defined in the +reaty of )aris4 1 !83 A. +he Atlantic to the east and the )acific to the west. B. +he 'ississippi to the west and the Appalachians to the east. C. +he Atlantic to the east and the 'ississippi Ri-er to the west. 7. +he Atlantic to the east and the Ohio Ri-er to the west . 5. Republicanism is the idea that A. go-ernments should be based on the consent of the people. B. a strong national go-ernment should hold supreme power. C. go-ernment is necessary to force people to place the national good abo-e their personal interests. 7. none of the abo-e. 8. (hy did states fear a strong central go-ernment3 A. +hey wanted to repeal the 2ntolerable Acts and ha-e more freedoms. B. +hey li0ed to ha-e independence and little organi?ation. C. +hey did not want the go-ernment to return to times similar to under Aing *eorge 222. 7. +hey wanted to e/press themsel-es together. 9. +he ability to BBBB was one power gi-en to the go-ernment under both the Articles of Confederation and the United $tates Constitution. A. regulate trade C. coin money B. protect copyrights 7. impose ta/es ". +he go-ernment set forth in the Constitution is a federal system because it A. di-ides power between national and state go-ernments. B. gi-es the national go-ernment greater power than the state go-ernments. C. di-ides the federal go-ernment into three branches. 7. pre-ents any of the three branches of go-ernment from becoming too powerful.

:. (hich of the following problems did Congress e/perience under the Articles of Confederation3 A. Congress could not con-ince +homas &efferson to be a diplomat to France. B. Congress could not ta/ the states and therefore had difficulty repaying its debts. C. Congress did not ha-e the authority to deal with affairs relating to #ati-e American tribes. 7. Congress could not raise a military to defend itself at Cor0town. . (hat was the main problem with the system of representation by state <rather than population= that was adopted by the Confederation3 A. $tates with small population had the same -oting power as states with large populations. B. +he population was so e@ual and the maDority of the people were heard. C. +he states with small population wanted more -oting power than states with larger population. 7. #one of the abo-e.

Chapter 5: Creating the Constitution (1787 178!" Ch* 5+ se%tion A 1. (hy did the leaders call for the Constitutional Con-ention and what was their purpose3 Sha(s7 Ee&e''ion re,ea'e) the .ea8ness o- the nationa' go,ern#ent un)er the Arti%'es o- Con-e)eration in its 'a%8 to stop states -ro# re&e''ing* The Arti%'es oCon-e)eration .ere -'a.e) an) nee)e) #a6or %hanges* The )e'egates7 purpose .as to #a8e %hanges to the Arti%'es o- Con-e)eration* 5. (hat was the role of *eorge (ashington in calling the constitutional con-ention3 1eorge 3ashington7s ro'e in %a''ing the %on,ention .as to spea8 out against the re&e''ion an) %a'' -or a %hange o- go,ern#ent* Cis 'ea)ership in the A#eri%an Ee,o'ution .as ,er( %on,in%ing to others in nee) o- a strong support -or a strong %entra' go,ern#ent* 8. (hy was *eorge (ashington selected to be president of the con-ention3 1eorge 3ashington .as se'e%te) presi)ent o- the %on,ention &e%ause he &e%a#e a great 'ea)er )uring the ti#e o- tur#oi' .hen the %ountr( ha) no o--i%ia' 'ea)er* Cis %ourage+ )e)i%ation+ &ra,er(+ an) inte''igen%e o- the ,i%tor( in the A#eri%an Ee,o'ution* 9. Characteri?e the conflict between big states and small states. ;ig states: .ante) %ongress to &e %o#pose) o- t.o houses an) )e'egates shou') &e assigne) a%%or)ing to popu'ation (-a,ore) representation o- ea%h state &ase) on popu'ation"* S#a'' states: .ante) a %ongress o- one house &e%ause ea%h state shou') &e preser,e) an) ea%h state shou') ha,e one ,ote (-a,ore) e0ua' representation o- ea%h state"* ". (ho was &ames 'adison3 5a#es Fa)isonBthe Gather o- our Constitution+ Fa)ison )e)i%ate) hi#se'- to

re%or)ing notes an) spee%hes in the 2hi'a)e'phia %on,entions* Cis po'iti%a' 'ea)ership )uring the ti#e o- nee) a''o.e) hi# to o&tain the tit'e* Fa)ison a'so propose) the $irginia p'an* :. (hat plan for go-ernment was in the Eirginia plan3 Fa)ison7s $irginia p'anBIt )i,i)e) po.er a#ong the three &ran%hes (:egis'ati,e+ E4e%uti,e+ an) 5u)i%ia'" an) propose) a &i%a#era'+ or t.o house+ 'egis'ature+ .ith #e#&ership &ase) on ea%h state7s popu'ation (#eaning states .ith 'arger popu'ation .ou') ha,e #ore seats than states .ith -e.er resi)ents* $oters .ou') e'e%t #e#&ers o- the 'o.er house+ .ho .ou') then e'e%t #e#&ers o- the upper house* This ga,e #ore po.er to states .ith 'arge popu'ations* The 'egis'ature .ou') ha,e the po.er to ,eto state 'a.s* A strong 2resi)ent .ou') hea) the E4e%uti,e &ran%h* . (ho was (illiam )atterson3 (hat counterproposal measures were included in the #ew &ersey plan3 3i''ia# 2atterson7s Ne. 5erse( p'anBpropose) a uni%a#era' or sing'e house 'egis'ature+ in .hi%h ea%h state ha) an e0ua' representation (,oi%e"* This gaine) support o- the s#a'' states an) re%ogni/e) states7 so,ereignt(* An e4e%uti,e %o##ittee .ou') hea) the go,ern#ent+ not a 2resi)ent* !. (ho was Roger $herman3 Eoger Sher#an o- Conne%ti%ut (a po'iti%a' 'ea)er+ su%%ess-u' #er%hant .ho stu)ie) 'a. an) &e%a#e po'iti%a''( in,o',e) in the %on,entionH he a'so he'pe) )ra-t the De%'aration o- In)epen)en%e" intro)u%e) the 1reat Co#pro#iseB .hi%h reso',e) the issue o- state representation in the nationa' 'egis'ature* It o--ere) a t.o house Congress to satis-( &oth s#a'' an) &ig states* ;. (hat is another name for the *reat Compromise3 (hat parts of the Eirginia )lan and the #ew &ersey )lan did the *reat Compromise bring together3 Fost state p'ans .ere na#e) a-ter the state the )e'egate represente) so the 1reat Co#pro#ise .as a'so %a''e) the =Conne%ti%ut Co#pro#ise>* It %o#&ine) the Ne. 5erse(7s 2'an7s proposa' o- e0ua' representation -or a'' states .ith the $irginia 2'an7s proposa' o- a &i%a#era' 'egis'ature &( #a8ing the #e#&ers othe Senate e0ua' in nu#&er -or ea%h state an) the #e#&ers o- the Couse oEepresentati,e )epen)ent on popu'ation* 1>. 1ow did the *reat Compromise settle the issue of political representation3 1reat Co#pro#ise ea%h state .ou') ha,e e0ua' representation in the Senate+ or upper house* The si/e o- the popu'ation o- ea%h state .ou') )eter#ine its representation in the Couse o- Eepresentati,es+ or 'o.er house* $oters o- ea%h state .ou') %hose #e#&ers o- the Couse* State 'egis'atures (Couse Eepresentati,es" .ou') %hoose #e#&ers in the Senate* 11. (hy was $herman%s compromise a success3

Sher#an7s p'an p'ease) &oth those .ho -a,ore) go,ern#ent &( the peop'e an) those .ho )e-en)e) states rights inso-ar as it preser,e) the po.er o- state 'egis'atures (reso',e) issues .ith 'arge an) s#a'' states"* 15. (hy did $herman%s *reat Compromise fail to resol-e conflict3 Sher#an7s p'an -ai'e) to reso',e %on-'i%t &e%ause the popu'ation &ase) on representation raise) the 0uestion o- .hether s'a,es shou') &e %ounte) as peop'e* 18. ./plain the debate regarding the representation in Congress. There .as sti'' the issue o- s'a,es .hen it %a#e to popu'ation* Fost southern states raise) the 0uestion on .hether s'a,es shou') &e %ounte) as peop'e to.ar) popu'ation+ in or)er to get #ore representati,es -ro# their state* 19. (hat was the three,fifths compromise3 Three -i-ths (9I5" Co#pro#iseB%a''e) -or 9I5 o- a stateJs s'a,es %ou') &e %ounte) as popu'ation .ithin that state7s representing &o)(* The in%rease in popu'ation resu'te) in a))itiona' seats in Congress an) a))itiona' e'e%tora' ,otes* Northerners )isagree) )ue to ha,ing 'ess s'a,es resu'ting in 'ess representation in the house* Southerners agree) )ue to ha,ing #ore s'a,es resu'ting in #ore representation in the house an) #ore po.er in presi)entia' e'e%tions* 1". 2n what two ways does the constitution di-ide power3 Ge)era'is#B2o.er shou') &e )i,i)e) &et.een the state an) nationa' go,ern#ent* The nationa' go,ern#ent is separate) &( the three &ran%hes ogo,ern#ent* The Constitution )i,i)e) the nationa' go,ern#ent into these three &ran%hes %a''e) the :egis'ati,e+ E4e%uti,e+ an) 5u)i%ia'* 1:. (hich powers were granted to the national go-ernment and to the state go-ernments3 The nationa' go,ern#ent has the po.er to %ontro' -oreign a--airs+ pro,i)e nationa' )e-ense+ regu'ate tra)e &et.een states+ an) %oin #one(* The state go,ern#ents ha,e the po.er to pro,i)e an) super,ise e)u%ation+ esta&'ish #arriage 'a.s+ an) regu'ate tra)e .ithin the state* 1 . 2n what ways did the delegates limit the authority of the federal go-ernment3 The ne. s(ste# o- go,ern#ent .as a -or# o- -e)era'is# .hi%h )i,i)es the po.ers o- go,ern#ent &et.een the nationa' go,ern#ent an) state go,ern#ent* 2o.ers grante) to the nationa' go,ern#ent &( the %onstitution are 8no.n as )e'egate) po.ers or enu#erate) po.ers* 2o.ers 8ept &( the states are %a''e) reser,e) po.ers* ;oth 'e,e's o- go,ern#ent share su%h po.ers %a''e) %on%urrent po.ers su%h as the right to ta4+ to &orro. #one(+ to pa( )e&t+ an) esta&'ish %ourts*

1!. (hat new system of national go-ernment did the delegates agree upon at the Constitutional Con-ention of 1 ! 3 The )e'egates agree) to a)opt a s(ste# that )i,i)e) po.er &et.een the -e)era' go,ern#ent an) sate go,ern#entsH the -e)era' go,ern#ent .ou') ha,e three &ran%hes: :egis'ati,e+ E4e%uti,e+ an) 5u)i%ia'* The :egis'ati,e &ran%h .ou') &e &i%a#era'+ .ith one house7s representation &ase) on a state7s popu'ation an) the other house7s representation e0ua' -or a'' states* A strong 2resi)ent .ou') hea) the E4e%uti,e &ran%h an) -e)era' %ourts .ou') #a8e up the 5u)i%ia' &ran%h* 1;. ./plain the three branches of go-ernment. :egis'ati,e &ran%h #a8es 'a.s an) %hanges to e4isting 'a.s &ase) on the Constitution an) the ;i'' o- Eights (Couse o- Eepresentati,es K Senate"H E4e%uti,e &ran%h %arr( outIen-or%e 'a.s (2resi)ent+ $i%e 2resi)ent+ an) Ca&inet"H an) 5u)i%ia' &ran%h stu)ies interpretIre,ie.s 'a.s (U*S* Supre#e Court"* 5>. 1ow does the system of chec0s and balances strengthen rather than wea0en the go-ernment%s power3 The s(ste# preser,es the po.er o- go,ern#ent &( ensuring that no &ran%h &e%o#es po.er-u' enough to )i#inish the po.er o- another &ran%h* This #aintaine) separation o- po.er a#ong the &ran%hes o- the -e)era' go,ern#ent is %a''e) %he%8s an) &a'an%esBpro,i)e) to pre,ent one &ran%h -ro# )o#inating the others* 51. (hy do you thin0 the framers of the constitution distrusted the popular will of the people to elect the )resident3 The -ra#ers )i) not trust the une)u%ate) #asses to e'e%t a 2resi)ent &e%ause #an( e)u%ate) 'ea)ers -e't the #asses .ou') not &e in-or#e) o- presi)entia' )uties to he'p &ene-it the# in the 'ong run* 55. (hat is the .lectoral College3 (ho represents the .lectoral College3 The 'ea)ers o- the %onstitutiona' %on,ention -eare) p'a%ing to #u%h po.er in the han)s o- the peop'e* The )e'egates %a#e up .ith the E'e%tora' Co''ege* This .ou') &e a group o- )e'egates %hosen &( a state to ,ote -or the presi)ent an) ,i%e presi)ent (.ou') %ast &a''ots -or the %an)i)ates" at this ti#e the E'e%tora' Co''ege .ou') at the Constitutiona' %on,ention .ou') se'e%t Senators an) Couse o- Eepresentati,es* 58. (hat difficulties might presidents encounter by winning the electoral -ote but losing the popular -ote3 The presi)ent .ou') not ha,e the support o- the peop'e &ehin) hi#* Ce .ou') not &e%o#e a popu'ar presi)entH e,er( #o,e the presi)ent #a8es .ou') &e %riti%i/e)* Cis 'ega%( #ight &e ,ie.e) &( so#e as i''egiti#ate* The( #a( ha,e a har)er ti#e -in)ing support -or their progra#s* The %ountr( .ou') &e )i,i)e) on issues a--e%ting the nation*

59. 2n what election year did this occur recently3 (ho were the candidates in-ol-ed3 The A@@@ 2resi)entia' e'e%tion: 1eorge ;ush an) A' 1ore* A' 1ore .on the popu'ar ,ote &( a #argin o- a'#ost 5?@+@@@ ,otes* The E'e%tora' Co''ege ga,e 1eorge ;ush A71 e'e%tora' ,otes (one #ore than the nee)e) A7@ to .in the presi)en%("*

Chapter 5: Creating the Constitution (1781 178!" Ch* 5+ se%tion 9 1. (ho were the Anti,Federalists and the Federalists3 Ge)era'istsBsupports o- the Constitution &e%ause the( -a,ore) a &a'an%e opo.er &et.een the states an) the nationa' go,ern#ent* Anti -e)era'istsB oppose) ha,ing su%h a strong %entra' go,ern#ent+ thus against the Constitution* 5. (hat were the Anti,Federalists% maDor arguments against the Constitution3 The Anti Ge)era'ists -eare) that go,ern#ent .ou') ser,e the interests o- the pri,i'ege) #inorit( an) ignore the rights o- the #a6orit(* The( a'so state) the Constitution )i) not prote%t the in)i,i)ua' rights+ .ou') threaten peop'e7s 'i&erties+ that a sing'e go,ern#ent %ou') not go,ern su%h a 'arge %ountr(+ an) that there .ou') &e a&use o- po.er &( su%h a strong %entra' go,ern#ent* Gina''(+ the( .ante) the ;i'' o- Eights to prote%t persona' 'i&erties o- in)i,i)ua' %iti/ens* 8. (hat -iews did the Federalists hold toward the argument for the Constitution3 The Ge)era'ists state) a strong %entra' go,ern#ent .as nee)e) to ta%8'e the ne. nation7s pro&'e#s an) insiste) that the )i,ision o- po.ers an) the s(ste# o%he%8s an) &a'an%es .ou') prote%t A#eri%ans -ro# the t(rann( o%entra'i/e) authorit(* 9. (hat did The Federalist argue3 It .as a series o- 85 essa(s that ana'(/e) the Constitution an) e4p'aine) .h( rati-i%ation o- the Constitution .ou') &e &ene-i%ia'* It a'so argue) that the )i,ision o- po.ers an) the s(ste# o- %he%8s an) &a'an%es .ou') prote%t A#eri%ans -ro# t(ranni%a' authorit( or a %entra'i/e) authorit(* ". (hat were the arguments made by the Anti,Federalists and Federalists o-er adding a Bill of Rights to the Constitution3 Anti Ge)era'ists state) the Constitution %reate) a po.er-u' nationa' go,ern#ent+

#a8ing the ;i'' o- Eights ne%essar( to prote%t the peop'e* Ge)era'ists state) the Constitution ga,e on'( 'i#ite) po.ers to the nationa' go,ern#ent an) so it %ou') not ,io'ate the rights o- the states or peop'e* :. (hat role did &ames 'adison play in the creation of the Bill of Rights3 5a#es Fa)ison+ &eing a 'ea)ing Ge)era'ist an) -ra#er o- the %onstitution+ use) his e4perien%e an) po.ers o- persuasion to .in support -or the Unite) States Constitution* Ce pro#ise) to rati-( the ;i'' o- Eights+ i- the states rati-ie) the Constitution*

. (hat role did the Bill of Rights play in ratification of the Constitution3 2n what year was the constitution ratified3 The Ge)era'ists p'e)ge) to a)) the ;i'' o- Eights to the U*S* Constitution* This p'e)ge .ou') he'p the# .in the support o- a))itiona' states the( nee)e) to ensure rati-i%ation* ;e-ore the Constitution %ou') go into e--e%t it ha) to &e rati-ie) &( AI9 o- the states* Eati-i%ationBo--i%ia' appro,a'Bre0uire) the agree#ent o- at 'east nine states o- the thirteen states* The Constitution .as rati-ie) on Septe#&er 17+ 178!Bthe ;i'' o- Eights a))e) De%e#&er 17!1* De'a.are .as the -irst an) Ne. Ca#pshire .as the ninth* !. List the first ten amendments to the U$ Constitution. The -irst 1@ a#en)#ents: the ;i'' o- Eights I Gree)o# o- spee%h+ press+ re'igion+ asse#&'(+ an) petition* II Eight to 8eep an) &ear ar#s* III Con)itions -or 0uarters o- so')iers (prote%tion -ro# ha,ing to house so')iers"* I$ Eight o- sear%h an) sei/ure regu'ate) (prote%tion -ro# ha,ing ho#e &eing sear%he)"* $ 2ro,isions %on%erning prose%ution (pro,i)es that %ertain steps &e ta8en iso#eone is %harge) .ith a %ri#e"* $I Eight to a spee)( tria'+ .itnesses+ et%* $II Eight to a tria' &( 6ur( (%i,i' 'a.suits+ %ourt %ases in,o',ing pri,ate rights"* $III E4%essi,e &ai'I%rue' punish#ent (right to -air punish#ent"* IL M Eights #aintaine) &( the peop'e (to #a8e sure rights not #entione) in the ;i'' o- Eights .ou') a'so &e prote%te)"* L Eights o- the states un)er Constitution* ;. 1ow did the Bill of Rights protect personal liberties3 The -irst eight a#en)#ents spe'' out the persona' 'i&erties the states ha) re0ueste)* (1st" Ee'igious an) 2o'iti%a' -ree)o#s+ (An)" Eight to ;ear Ar#s+ (9r)" Gree) -ro# 0uartering so')iers+ (?th" Gree) against unreasona&'e sear%hes an) sei/ures+ (5th" Eights o- a%%use) persons+ (<th" Eight to a spee)( pu&'i% tria'+ (7th" right to tria' &( 6ur(+ an) (8th" 'i#its on -ines an) punish#ents* The ninth an)

tenth a#en)#ents i#pose genera' 'i#its on the po.ers o- the -e)era' go,ern#ent* 1>. (hy do you thin0 the third amendment was added in the Bill of Rights3 The thir) a#en)#ent (-ree)o# -ro# 0uartering so')iersItroops" .hi%h pre,ente) the go,ern#ent -ro# housing troops in pri,ate ho#es )uring pea%eti#e &e%ause this ,io'ate) pri,a%( o- others a'so e,er(one .as -a#i'iar .ith a#en)#ent NA (right to &ear ar#s"* 11. 1ow did Americans ratify the U$ Constitution4 and what are its basic principles3 In ea%h state+ a spe%ia''( e'e%te) %on,ention )e&ate) rati-i%ation an) )eter#ine) .hether to appro,e the Constitution* The appro,a' o- nine o- the thirteen states .as nee)e) an) o&taine)* The 8e( prin%ip'es o- the Constitution are popu'ar so,ereignt(+ 'i#ite) go,ern#ent+ separation o- po.ers+ -e)era'is#+ %he%8s an) &a'an%es+ an) representati,e go,ern#ent* These prin%ip'es an) &e%ause the Constitution pro,i)es a pro%ess has ena&'e) it to en)ure -or #ore than A@@ (ears* 15. (hy do you thin0 the delegates made amending the Constitution difficult3 So that a#en)ing the Constitution .ou') &e ta8en serious'( an) %hanges%ou') not &e #a)e on'( to suit or -a,or a spe%i-i% in)i,i)ua'+ group+ or %ause* 18. 1ow many times has the U.$. Constitution been changed3 (hat are these changes called3 The Constitution has &een %hange) A7 ti#esOA7 a#en)#ents a))e)* Questions -or Ee,ie. 1. +he first ten <1>= amendments to the Constitution are 0nown as what and were added for what purpose3 a. +he Bill of Rights4 added to define the branches of go-ernment under the Constitution. b. +he )reamble4 added to protect the citi?ens from go-ernment abuses. c. +he Bill of Rights4 added to protect the ci-il rights of citi?ens. d. Article 2224 added to pre-ent the courts from o-erriding acts of Congress. 5. Anti,federalists fa-ored the Bill of Rights because a. +hey did not want a federal go-ernment. b. 2t was intended to protect the rights of citi?ens. c. +hey belie-ed it was better than the 7eclaration of 2ndependence. d. +hey did not trust the &effersonian Republicans. 8. Anti,federalist opposed the Constitution because they thought it endangered the independence of the a. &udicial $ystem c. $tates

b. +rade $ystem

d. #ational go-ernment

9. FCongress shall ma0e no laws respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free e/ercise there of or abridging the freedom of speech or the )ress4G this statement supports a. 2ndi-idual rights c. )opular $o-ereignty b. ./ecuti-e branch d. Chec0s and Balances ". +he principle that authority to go-ern should be di-ided between different branches in order to respect and uphold the natural rights of citi?ens is 0nown as a. $eparation of )owers c. )opular $o-ereignty b. +he +enth Amendment d. +he Bill of Rights :. )opular $o-ereignty is based on the belief that a. +he people should ha-e the deciding -oice in go-ernment. b. Leaders are not to be trusted. c. 'onarchs ha-e di-ine rights to rule. d. Fascism is better than totalitarianism. . +he Constitution in-ol-es chec0s and balances. 2t also allows each branch to chec0 the power of the other two. (hat is the purpose of this system3 a. +o strengthen federalism. b. +o 0eep any one branch from becoming too authoritati-e. c. +o allow Dudicial re-iew. d. +o gi-e absolute power to the )resident !. (hich of the following is a principle di-iding the authority among different branches of go-ernment in order to respect and uphold natural rights of the citi?ens3 a. $eparation of )owers c. )opular $o-ereignty b. +he +enth Amendment d. the Bill of Rights. ;. (hat is the Bill of Rights3 a. all 5 amendments b. Amendments H1,1" c. the )reamble d. Amendments H1,1>

1>. 'arissa is the editor of a political maga?ine. 2n her latest addition4 she prints an editorial critical of state leaders. 1er right to print such an article is protected by the a. $upremacy Clause c. 7eclaration of 2ndependence b. $i/th Amendment d. First Amendment 11. +he first amendment protects all of the following e/cept a. $peech c. Eote b. )ress d. Religion

15. +he BBBBBBBBBBBB amendment defines cruel and unusual punishment. a. :th c. !th th b. d. ;th 18. +he Bill of Rights was adopted by Congress in 1 ;1 to preser-e which political principle3 a. the separation of powers b. the prohibition of racial discrimination c. the restriction of political terms d. the limitation of the federal go-ernment 19. 2n the presidential election of 5>>>4 the final outcome came down to the results in Florida. Following a $upreme Court decision halting further recounts4 *eorge (. Bush was declared the -ictor4 ha-ing won a A. maDority of the popular -ote. B. )lurality of the popular -ote and a maDority of the .lectoral College -ote. C. 'aDority of the .lectoral College -ote 7. 'aDority of the popular -ote and the .lectoral College -ote. 19. +he 'A2# purpose of the Bill of Rights was to A. appeal to Federalists in the ratification battle. B. fulfill promises made in the *reat Compromise. C. repair flaws in the Article of Confederation. 7. *uarantee indi-idual liberties and state powers. 1:. (hich amendment to the Constitution pro-ides for due process of law and ensures that people cannot be forced to testify against themsel-es3 A. +he $econd Amendment C. +he Fifth Amendment B. +he #inth Amendment 7. +he +enth Amendment

Chapter 5 $o%a&u'ar( Creating the Constitution an) Unite) States Constitution

1. Eepu&'i%Igo-ernments in which people elect their representati-es. 5. Eepu&'i%anis#Ia form of go-ernment in which leaders are elected by their citi?ens4 and pass laws for the benefit of the entire republicJ i)ea that go,ern#ent shou') &e &ase) on the %onsent o- the peop'e* 8. Uni%a#era' :egis'atureIone with a single house4 whose members were elected by the people. 9. ;i%a#era' :egis'atureIa lawma0ing body with two housesIa $enate and a 1ouse of Representati-es. ". Arti%'es o- Con-e)erationIthe first form of go-ernment within the United $tates <drafted in the Continental Congress in 1 = set up as a league or alliance of states that agree to wor0 together. +he Articles was a loose confederation of the 18 states

<wea0 form of go-ernment=4 rather than a strong and centrali?ed nation. :. Ge)era'Bnational go-ernment that consisted of a Congress of delegates4 chosen by state legislatures rather than by -oters. . :an) Or)inan%e o- 1785Ia system de-ised by Congress and designed for dispensing4 distributing4 or managing <sur-eying the land= the public lands in the #orthwest +erritory. !. North.est Or)inan%e o- 1787I<go-ernment for the western territory= law which pro-ided a basis for go-erning the #orthwest +erritory. First4 the Congress would appoint a territorial go-ernment led by a go-ernor4 secretary4 and three Dudges. $econd4 once the territory had "4>>>4 they could establish an elected assembly. +hird4 when the population reaches :>4>>> the people could re@uest admission to the Union as a state on e@ual terms with the original 18 states. ;. Sha(7s Ee&e''ionB <7aniel $hay= an attempt by a group of indebted farmers to secure weapons from a Federal Armory4 became the catalyst <primary reason= for the United $tates to recogni?e the need for a new constitution. After $hay%s rebellion4 the leaders reali?ed that without the ability to ta/ the central go-ernment could not repair the national economy. 1>. 5a#es Fa)isonIdelegate from Eirginia who too0 the best notes at the Constitutional Con-ention later he was called the FFather of the ConstitutionG for his leadership at the Constitutional Con-ention. 1e also de-ised the Eirginia plan that proposed a bicameral legislature with representation based upon population. 11. 3i''ia# 2attersonIdelegate from #ew &ersey who de-eloped the Ne. 5erse( 2'an .hi%h -a,ore) the s#a'' states in representation* +he #ew &ersey plan ga-e Congress e@ual representation for all states regardless of a state%s population. Also4 states had no power to -eto laws. 15. Eoger Sher#anBdelegate from Connecticut who reached a compromise between the Eirginia plan and the #ew &ersey plan 0nown as the Conne%ti%ut Co#pro#ise or 1reat Co#pro#ise. 2t called for a two house legislature which benefits the small and large states. +he $enate would e@ually represent e-ery state4 regardless of si?e4 allowing 5 per state. +he 1ouse of Representati-es would represent population granting more power to the larger states. 18. 1reat Co#pro#iseIit helped to Fsa-eG the United $tates Constitution by settling the dispute between the Eirginia )lan <large states= and the #ew &ersey plan <small states=J a compromise at the Constitutional Con-ention calling for a two,house legislature4 with one house elected on the basis of population and the other representing each state e@ually. 19. Ge)era'is#Bpolitical system in which power is shared between the national and

state go-ernments. Federalism usually separatesKdi-ides power between the national and state go-ernments. 1". Three Gi-ths Co#pro#iseBa compromise in which each ensla-ed person would be counted as three,fifths a person for the purpose of legislati-e representation. +his meant for e-ery fi-e sla-es only three would count the same for a white person in representation. +he $outhern states fa-ored this compromise because they had more sla-es and wanted more representation in go-ernment. 1:. Eati-i%ationIofficial appro-al 1 . Ge)era'istsIone who fa-ored ratification of the Constitution. +he group included members such as *eorge (ashington4 &ames 'adison4 and Ale/ander 1amilton. +hey stressed the wea0ness of the Articles and felt the Constitution would pro-ide a balance of a strong national go-ernment with controlled power. 1!. Anti -e)era'istsIone who fa-ored a strong state go-ernment and opposed a strong national go-ernment due to fear of a return to 0ingly power. +he group consisted of $amuel Adams4 &ohn 1ancoc04 *eorge Clinton4 Richard 1enry Lee4 and )atric0 1enry. +hey re@uired the protection of personal liberties <the Bill of Rights= in order to balance the U$ Constitution. 1;. Ge)era'ists papersBThe Federalists, a series of !" essays written by 'adison4 1amilton4 and &ay that e/plained and defended the U$ ConstitutionJ it was used to sway the anti,federalists appro-al of the U$ Constitution. +he documents e/plain the benefits of a union between states. 5>. ;i'' o- EightsB+he first ten amendments to the United $tates ConstitutionJ written as a list of freedoms guaranteed to citi?ens by the go-ernment4 a protection of citi?ens personal liberties. +hey were ratified in 1 !; as promised by the Federalists to encourage Anti,Federalists support of the U$ Constitution. 51. Unite) States ConstitutionBa plan of go-ernment that describes the different parts of the go-ernment and their duties and powers4 established in 1 ! J it is the li-ing document that go-erns our country today. 55. 2opu'ar So,ereignt(Ithe principle in which the people are the only source of go-ernment power <people%s -ote=. 58. :i#ite) 1o,ern#entIthe principle stating that the go-ernment has only as much authority as the people gi-e it and therefore4 its power is limited <consent of the go-ern=. 59. Separation o- 2o.ersIa 0ey principle for the go-ernment that di-ides power among the three branches of go-ernment6 e/ecuti-e4 legislati-e4 and Dudicial. .ach branch has their own specific powerKDob. 5". :egis'ati,e ;ran%hBArticle One of the U$ Constitution4 this branch is responsible

for ma0ing the lawsJ it consists of the bi,cameral congress6 $enate <upper house= and 1ouse of Representati-e <lower house=. 5:. E4e%uti,e ;ran%hIArticle +wo of the U$ Constitution4 this branch is responsible for e/ecutingKenforcing the lawsJ it consists of the )resident4 Eice )resident4 and Cabinet. 5 . 5u)i%ia' ;ran%hBArticle +hree of the U$ Constitution4 this branch is responsible for interpreting the lawsJ it consists of the U$ $upreme Court <; &usticesI1 Chief &ustice and ! Associate &ustices=. 5!. Che%8s an) ;a'an%esIa guiding principle in the U$ Constitution that are to ensure no one branch can become too powerfulJ it is to monitor the actions and limit the powers of the branchesItwo of the three branches ha-e to agree. 5;. E'e%tora' Co''egeIa group of persons chosen from each state to indirectly elect the )resident and Eice )resident of the United $tatesJ usually made up of members in the 1ouse of Representati-es and $enate. 8>. Couse o- Eepresentati,esImembers of the Congress considered the lower house elected by people of their stateJ based on populationInumber e@uals 98"J must be at least 5" yrs. old4 ser-e 5 yr. termsJ terms unlimitedJ also 0nown as the Fpeople houseGI-ote for people. 81. SenateImembers of the Congress considered the upper house elected by people of their stateJ based on e@ualityInumber e@uals 5 per state <1>>=J must be at least 8> yrs. old4 ser-e : yr. terms4 terms unlimitedJ has authority to put indi-idual on trial4 F-oice of public opinionG. 85. I#pea%h#entIthe official remo-al of a public officialJ accusation against a public official of wrongdoing in office. 88. Supre#e CourtBmembers of the &udicial branch4 which includes nine Dustices <1 Chief &ustice and ! Associate &ustices=4 they ser-e for a lifetimeJ appointed by the )resident and confirmedKappro-ed by Congress <$enate=. 89. 5u)i%ia' Ee,ie.Bthe $upreme Court has the power to re-iew acts of the federal go-ernment and to cancel any acts that are unconstitutional4 or -iolate a pro-ision in the Constitution. 8". A#en)#entsIchanges to the U$ ConstitutionJ total 5 LFirst, guarantees citi?ines right to freedom of religion speech press and political acti-ity. L$econd and third, grant the citi?ens the right to bear arms< ha-e guns= and pre-ent the go- from housing troops in pri-ate homes. LFourth through eigth, guarantee fair treatment for indi-iduals accused of crime. L#inth amendment, peoples rights are not restricted to Dust those specifically mentioned in the constitution. L+enth, the people and the states ha-e all the powers that the constitution does not specifically gi-e to national go-ernment or deny to states.