Chapter 4

Phase Modulation (PM)

Chapter 4 : Phase Modulation (PM)

DEKC 3433 Communication Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering

Introduction
Phase Modulation is a system in which the phase of the carrier signal is varied by the information signal The amplitude of the carrier signal is kept constant The phase () in the equation V = A cos (wct + ) is varied so that its magnitude is proportional to instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal. Phase differences between two waves are expressed in degrees. In describing a wave, one full cycle equals 360 degrees. Thus, if the two waves with the same amplitude and frequency whose phase varies by 90 degrees are as shown in figure:
DEKC 3433 Communication Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering

Chapter 4 : Phase Modulation (PM)

DEKC 3433 Communication Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering

Chapter 4 : Phase Modulation (PM)

The phase () in the equation V = A cos (wct + ) is varied so that its magnitude is proportional to instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal. With PM, the maximum frequency deviation occurs during the zero crossings of the modulating signal That is, the f is proportional to the slope or first derivative of the modulating signal.

DEKC 3433 Communication Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering

Chapter 4 : Phase Modulation (PM)

PM equation: If the carrier signal is, vc(t) = Vc cos wc(t) and Information signal vm(t) = Vm cos wm(t) The expression for a PM wave is: Vpm(t) = Vc cos (wct + ) where Vm(t) = k Vm cos wmt giving, vpm(t) = Vc cos (wct + kVm cos wmt) where kVm = = mp = is the maximum value of the phase change introduced by this particular modulation signal and its proportional to the maximum amplitude of the modulating signal.
DEKC 3433 Communication Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering Chapter 4 : Phase Modulation (PM) 5

PM equation
The range for is: - < This value of is called the modulation index for PM, which is denoted by mp. So, the general equation for PM is, Vpm (t) = Vc cos (wct + mp cos wmt)

DEKC 3433 Communication Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering

Chapter 4 : Phase Modulation (PM)

Comparison between PM and FM

The modulation index is defined differently in each system. In FM, its modulation index, mf = f / fm In PM, its modulation index, mp = = kVm Note that is a function of the amplitude of the modulating signal (Vm) only and is not a function of frequency of the modulating signal (fm). In PM, the phase deviation is proportional to the amplitude of the modulating signal and is dependent of its frequency.

DEKC 3433 Communication Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering

Chapter 4 : Phase Modulation (PM)

In FM, the frequency is proportional to the amplitude of the modulating signal, Vm, as well as its frequency, fm. When the frequency of the modulating signal, fm, is change, the PM modulation index will remain constant, whereas the FM modulation index will change.

DEKC 3433 Communication Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering

Chapter 4 : Phase Modulation (PM)