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Yr 11 Chapter 8
Yr 11 Chapter 8
Yr 11 Chapter 8
LEARNING INTENTION
- To understand what homeostasis means and the mechanisms involved. - To understand the difference between a negative feedback system and a positive one.
Maintaining A Balance
Homeostasis
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment Works to maintain the bodys temperature, blood glucose and blood water levels It does this via the actions of homeostatic mechanisms
Homeostatic mechanisms
The nervous system and endocrine system (hormones) are responsible for monitoring and responding to changes in the body Thermostat in hypothalamus detects changes in the bodys temperature and coordinates a response
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dJ8WXpsUXYQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vB7tSHqR1eY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RLnlXNlfdk
Feedback mechanisms
A feedback mechanism has a stimulus (e.g. decreased body temperature) which is detected by a receptor, a coordinating centre and a part of the organism which carries out the response (effector)
Effectors are usually muscles or glands
Negative feedback
Occurs when the response by the effector cancels out the original stimulus Changes the internal conditions back to their optimal level E.g. if the bodys temperature goes below 37 degrees, negative feedback mechanisms will operate to bring it back up to the optimal level
Negative feedback
Receptor detects change from optimal level
Low body temperature (stimulus)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CLv3SkF_Eag
Complete worksheets on negative and positive feedback.
LEARNING INTENTION To understand nerve control in complex multicellular organisms. SUCCESS CRITERIA - Be able to explain the difference between the: - central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. - sensory neurones and motor neurones. - Complete Ch.8 textbook questions 1, 2, 5, 6 and 7. - Complete worksheet on nerves and senses.
http://www.5min.com/Video/Learn-about-the-Nervous-System-117564320
Information Pathways
Information is carried around the nervous system by nerve impulses Two types of pathways carry these impulses 1. Sensory Neurones carry information FROM the source of simulation TO the CNS 2. Motor Neurones carry information FROM the CNS TO the effectors
Neurones
Motor Neurone
Sensory Neurone
Neurones
Basic units of the nervous system The axon of the neurone is surrounded by a myelin sheath This myelin sheath assists with the movement of electrical impulses along the axon
http://biosingularity.wordpress.com/2007/05/07/neurons-and-how-they-work-animation/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iNgGKSNiNw
Receptors
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Changes in the environment are detected by our receptors There are five different types of receptors Chemoreceptors: detect smell and taste Mechanoreceptors: detect pressure, touch, tension, sound vibrations and body balance Photoreceptors: stimulated by light Thermoreceptors: stimulated by heat and cold Pain receptors: free nerve endings in the skin
Interneuron
Cross section through spinal chord
Pain Receptor
Axon carries information from the cell body to the synapse to be passed on to other neurones.
Dendrites receive signals from other neurons
Synapse is the region between an axon of one neuron and a dendrite of another neuron Each cubic mm of cerebral cortex contains roughly one billion synapses.
NERVE PATHWAYS
OUR COMMUNICATION SUPER HIGHWAY
S Y N A P S E S Y N A P S E
Electrical signal
Chemical signal
Electrical signal
Chemical signal
Electrical signal
Dendrite
SIGNAL DIRECTION
Axon
The neurone before a synapse is called the pre-synaptic neurone. synapse is called the post-synaptic neurone.
post -
Electrical impulse
Electrical impulse
LEARNING INTENTION
To understand that the brain receives messages from the senses, interprets them and then coordinates a message to the effectors.
SUCCESS CRITERIA
Complete textbook questions 10, 11 and 14 Complete worksheet on control of body temperature.
Brain Power
The Brain
Interprets the message (impulse) it receives from the senses and coordinates a message back to the effectors Does this by deciding on which pathway an impulse will take along the neurones Any one neurone in the brain can be connected to 25,000 others, so there are many paths a single impulse can take
Through learning and repetition we form particular pathways in our brain, meaning we often dont have to think about how to do a task in order to do it
http://www.icaniq.com/articles/left-or-right-brain
LEARNING INTENTION
To understand how the endocrine system works in complex multicellular organisms.
SUCCESS CRITERIA
- Be able to explain the difference between the nervous system and endocrine system. - Complete textbook questions 16, 17, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25. - Label the specific organs of the endocrine system in humans. - Complete True/False questions about the Endocrine system.
Communication Speed
Electrical Impulses
Very rapid (up to 200m per Much slower than the nervous system as second) hormones have to travel through the circulatory system Short term and reversible Longer lasting effects
Duration
Specificity
Very specific in targeting More general in targeting tissues or organs neuron, muscle or gland in body Animals only Plants and animals
Types of organisms
Methods of transmission
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-S_vQZDH9hY
True or false questions about hormones. Numbers 1-18 in book. Leave room for T or F.
Discuss textbook questions 16, 17, 20, 21, 23, 24 and 25.