PHYSICS LAB REPORT

Prepared for Prepared by : : Mrs. Rubena Yusof Danny Basir Lynliana anak Unjan Noorfaizmira bt. Saleh Nashrul Haq b. Tagiling 07th May 2013 Power Dissipation (BS12110110) (BS12110330) (BS12110420) (BS12160788)

Date Report #5

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OBJECTIVES 1. To evaluate and calculate the power dissipation in a DC circuit. 2. To determine the power ratings in household electrical appliances. APPARATUS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Power supply (12 V) Multimeter Eight resistors (220 , 470 , 1 k (2 sets), 1.5 k , 2.2 k , 10 k , 4.7 k ) Lamp (6 V, 3 W) Connecting wires

THEORY Voltage and current values may be used to determine the power consumed (or provided) by an electrical circuit. Electric power consumption is a very important factor in every electrical application, ranging from portable computers to megawatt industrial complexes. Thus, an understanding of power and how it is measured is vital to all engineers and physics students who took electrics and electronics as their minor. Power, as we all know is the time rate of doing work. Electric power is the rate at which work is done equals to the product of voltage and current. Power = Volts Amps, or P=VI Power (1 Watt) = X =

Power dissipation in resistors can be defined as the heat produced from the friction between the moving free electrons and the atoms constructing their path when current flows in a resistance. The proof that power is producing current is from the heat itself. The amount of power dissipated in a resistance may be calculated in one of these three formulas: P= P= P = VI R

Preliminary Analysis Show your working method in details for each calculation. Please re-draw this circuit (Refer Figure 1) to answer the following questions. 1. Trace the current paths for the circuit by using different pen colour. 2. Label the polarity for the voltage drop across each of electronic component in the circuit. 3. Define power dissipation and support your answer with any relevant equation or formula. 4. Calculate the total resistance in this circuit when the lamp not connected to the circuit. 5. When the lamp is connected to the output , calculate the values of;

a) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and b) , , , , , , and c) , , , and d) Power dissipation of , and e) Expect the brightness of the lamp compared to when its connected to the output 6. How much does a 100-W lamp consume in 12 hours?

Work Procedure According to circuit diagram in Figure 1; 1. Measure the resistance for each component 3 W by using multimeter. until and the lamp 6 V,

2. Assemble an electronic circuit connection as shown in the diagram (WITHOUT THE LAMP). Caution: Always set the power supply output to O V before connecting the electronic circuit. Always connect Ammeter/Voltmeter/Digital Multimeter terminal with a correct connection. 3. Turn the power supply ON. Set = 12 . , and , , , , , . , , , , , ,

4. Measure the voltage drop across resistors in the circuit; , and . 5. Measure the output voltage for the circuit; , , , , ,

6. Measure the current flow in the circuit; , , , , , and

Make sure to turn OFF the power supply when to change the Ammeter connection and NEVER connect the Ammeter as parallel to the component. 7. Measure the output current flow for the circuit; 8. Turn the supply OFF. 9. Connects a lamp 6 V 3 W to the output point, Observe the lamp brightness* . Repeat step 3 to 8. . Repeat step , , , and .

10. Remove the lamp and then connect it to the output point, 3 to 8. Observe the lamp brightness* 11. Tabulate the measurements values.

12. Discuss the finding and then answer the following questions. Relate it to the theory and preliminary analysis.

Questions Answer the following questions and include in your laboratory report. 1. Find the power rating of the following electrical appliances in your household: a) b) c) d) e) Light bulb TV set Personal computer Microwave oven Radio set

2. A 1.5 kW electric heater is connected to a 120 V source. a) How much current does the heater draw? b) If the heater is on for 45 minutes, how much energy is consumed in kWh? c) Calculate the cost of operating the heater for 45 minutes if energy cost 10 cents/kWh. 3. How much energy is required to operate the lamp 6 V 3 W for 1 hour? 4. How much power output is consumed if the lamp 6 V 3 W is 30% efficient? 5. Based on your result, calculate the power dissipation values for resistor , and when the lamp is connected to the output and also for .

ANSWERS Part: Questions Question 1 a) b) c) d) e) Light bulb = Incandescent 100 W TV Set = 25 inch color 150 W Personal Computer = 65 W 250 W Microwave oven = 600 W 1500 W Radio set = 1 W 5 W

Question 2 a) P = 1.5 X P = VI I= = b) (1.5 X = 12.5 A ) X (0.75) = 1125 Wh / 1.125 kWh W; V = 120 V

c) 1.125 kWh X 0.10 = 0.1125 cents Question 3 Power = 3 W X 1 hour = 3 Wh Question 4 X 100 = Efficiency

Power Output = Question 5

X 100 = 30% X3W=9x