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D t
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k m bm
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aygif;pHkeJY pkzGJUpnf;xm;wJY A[kd vlYtzGJU
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rSma&&Snf pnf;Hk; odrf;oGif;xm;&rSm
jzpfygw,f/
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qdkwmvlxk&JU EdkifiHa&;yl;aygif;yg0ifrI
(Political Participation) jrifhrm;rI t
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Political Order in Changing Societies

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axmifacsmufxJ tvG,w
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Institutionalization) udk tav;xm; vkyf
aqmifMu&rSm jzpfygw,f/
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awmftwef&xm;wJh awmfveS af &; tkypf k
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(6) a&G;aumufyGJeJYvTwfawmf[m
jyefvnfwifjyajymqdEk ikd af &;twGuf enf;
ud&,
d mawG (Election and parliament
are instruments of representation.)

vdkYqdk&if? ygwDawGuawmh pnf;Hk; vIyf

&Sm;rI&UJ enf;u&d,mjzpfw,f/ (Parties
are instruments of mobilization)/
ygwDawG yg0ifrrI &Sw
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ydkjrifhrm;avav jzpfwmaMumifh ygwD
wdik ;f [m a&G;aumufyu
JG jkd zpfEikd &f if vuf
ra&SmifoifYbl;/

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or*tzGJYtpnf;awG? vGwfvyfwJh t
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wum tawGUtBuHKawGt& vGwfvyf
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tmPmodr;f rIawG ydBk urd zf efrsm;ygw,f/
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aumif;vmwmeJYtrQ EdkifiHa&;xJ ppf
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jcif;? acgif;aqmifrt
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kd cf sKyf
awGudk tmPmodrf;zdkY vufurf;aeo
vdkygyJ/
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wnfaxmifol acgif;aqmify*k Kd vt
f ay:
tvGeftrif;tm;udk;vGef;NyD; tJ'DygwD
[m olr&SdwJYaemuf ysufpD;oGm;wwfyg
w,f/ ygupwefu*sif;em;? oD[dkuqD
emem,muD? jrefrmjynfu AdkvfcsKyf
atmifqef;wdYk uG,v
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wd&Yk UJ ygwDawG[m Mum&Snrf cHbJ ysupf ;D
oGm;cJyY gw,f/ tdE,
d u uGe*f &ufygwD
uawmY *EBD u;D aoqH;k cJaY yr,fh ael;&JU
yk*dKvfa&;rqefrI? tifpwDusL;&Sif;qdkif
&mzGJYpnf;EdkifcJhrIaMumifY ,aeYxd atmif
jrif&SifoefaeqJ jzpfw,f/
(10) EdkifiHa&;ygwDaumif;[m w
jcm; rdwfzufygwDawGeJYwlnDwJh udp&yf
awGrmS yl;aygif;aqmif&u
G Ef ikd rf ?I tvkyf
orm;or*vdk tzGJUawGukd tm;ay;
aqmif&u
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axmufcHwJh vlxkawGeJY or*awGudk
ygwD&UJ tifpwDusL;&Si;f qdik &f m rlabmif
atmufrSmpnf;Hk;NyD; tm;vHk;wdk;wufzGHY
NzdK;rIS&Sdatmif ulnDae&ygr,f/ygwD&JU

tifpwDusL;&Sif;qdkif&m zGJUpnf;EdkifrIu
om yk*Kd vaf &;qefraI wGeG YJ twGi;f y#dyu
awGudk avQmYcsay;EkdifygvdrfYr,f/
(11) ygwDwpfzGJU[m rdrdygwD&JU t
awG;tac:? rl0g'eJpY epfukd vlxk oabm
aygufem;vnfatmif &Si;f &Si;f vif;vif;
wifjyxm;Edik &f r,f/ rjywfrom; Iyf yI f
axG;axG; ajymqdkrIawG? aMunmcsuf
awGu vlxu
k kd Mum&Snzf rf;pm;Edik zf Ykd cuf
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,ltq0g'awGudkvnf; cGJjcrf;pdwfjzm
rdwfqufay;Edkif&ygr,f/
(12) Edik if aH &;ygwDaumif;wpfc[
k m
tvkyo
f rm;? v,form;? ynmwwf vl
vwfwef;pm;? aMu;&wwfrsm;eJY NrdKUjy
aexkdifolrsm;pwJY vlwef;pm;aygif;pHk
twGuf aysmf0iftdk;BuD; (Melting Pot)
jzpfae&r,f/ NrdKUjyeJYaus;vuf&JU tod
ynmeJY aexdkifrIb0 uGm[csufawGudk
qGaJ phay;Edik rf ,fh vrf;aMumif;awG &SmazG
ay;&r,f/ ,aeYEdkifiHwdkif;rSm EdkifiHa&;
ygwDawGtay: vlxkawG pdwfysufrI &Sd
vmcsed rf mS ? vlraI &;vkyif ef;awG y&[dw
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k t
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&Gufoifhygw,f/
(13) ygwD0ifpkaqmif;jcif;? vlxk
qufqaH &;oifwef;rsm;? pDrcH efcY rJG I oif
wef;rsm;? Edik if aH &;ody?H Edik if aH &; abm*
aA'eJY Oya'oifwef;rsm; yHrk eS af y;&r,f/
t&nftcsif;&SdtrwfawG? 0efBuD;awG
arG;xkwzf Ykd jyifqifavYusiaf e&ygr,f/
tpd;k &0efBu;D tzGUJ wm0ef vTaJ jymif;,lz?Ykd
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wG,Ef ikd zf Ykd toifjh yifqifNy;D om; jzpfae
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avhusiahf y;xm;&r,f/ a&G;cs,pf &m Edik f
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w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPm? tkycf sKyaf &; tm
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xm;&r,f/ &efyaHk iG&mS azGa&; enf;vrf;
awGtwGuf &Sif;vif;jywfom;wJh rl0g'

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acgif;aqmifawG udk,fwdkifu vdkufem
taumiftxnfazmf&r,f/ yGiv
hf if;jrif
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eJyY wfoufNy;D wpfa,mufwpfayguf jzpf
aejcif;u &efoleJYvlxk&JU txifao;rI
&&Sdapw,f/ ygwD0iftm;vHk; ygwDwGif;
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csif;tcGifYta&;? vlenf;pktcGifYta&;?
trsKd;orD;rsm; tcGifYta&;awGudk wef
zdk;xm;&r,f/
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kd &ufwpf vkyx
f ;kH vkyef nf;
awG? ygwDtajccHzUJG pnf;yHak wG? ygwDacgif;
aqmifa&G;cs,frI? EdkifiHtkyfcsKyfEdkifr,fh
acgif;aqmifa&G;cs,rf I enf;vrf;awG cs
rSwfxm;&r,f/ ygwDzGJUpnf;yHkZ,m;eJY
tqifq
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qdik &f m azmfaqmifvyk u
f ikd rf jI zifo
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a&;MoZmxlaxmifo?l zsmcif;ol? a&ay:
pDtacsmiform;awGukd avQmcY sNy;D ? ygwD
&nfrSef;csufyef;wdkifeJY r[mAsL[mawG
azmfaqmifwGufcsufay;r,fY t&nft
csif;jrifh 'Drdku&ufawG arG;xkwfEdkifrSm
jzpfygw,f/
txufyg tcsuaf wG[m ygwDqikd f
&mpmtkyt
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